Ramos de Andrade, Fabio2016-09-132016-09-132016-08https://hdl.handle.net/1794/2010756 pagesThis paper serves as a guide to planners who want to design public participation components for comprehensive planning processes. First, this paper reviews the existing literature on public participation and discusses the strategic choices that planners make when designing planning processes. Then, it reviews legislation on state mandates for citizen engagement in planning processes in the United States and in Brazil. Next, it reviews four cases studies, two from the US and two from Brazil. The case studies illustrate how mandates for public participation are implemented across different public engagement contexts. Finally, the paper offers recommendations on how to design public participation components that meet legal requirements and provide for meaningful engagement with citizens in comprehensive planning processes.en-USCreative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0-USPublic participationComprehensive planningChecklistUnited StatesBrazilTerminal Project