Robinson, Willam N.2023-06-262023-06-261989-09-06https://hdl.handle.net/1794/2844315 pagesNegotiation is part of specification. During specification acquisition, users negotiate amongst themselves and with analysts. During specification design, designers negotiate amongst themselves and with a project leader. Throughout the specification of a system, people communicate needs and constraints in ways which benefit the project or themselves. The study of such behavior has been valuable to disciplines -such as contract negotiation and office management. However, software engineering has yet to address negotiation behavior. Here we show how negotiation applies to specification. We present automated means to promote integrative behavior during specification. We conclude that formal models of users' desires and resolution methods are necessary for integrative reasoning.enCreative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0-USspecification acquisitioncontract negotiationoffice managementArticle