He, Xinjun, 1982-2011-05-252011-05-252010-09https://hdl.handle.net/1794/11187xvii, 125 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.MicroRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that control various developmental and physiological processes in animals and plants. To study the involvement of microRNAs in skeletal development, I manipulated the expression of miR-140, which is strongly expressed in the developing skeleton, and miR-196, which is located among the body patterning Hox cluster genes. I found that miR-140 regulates zebrafish palate formation by interfering with neural crest cell migration through the inhibition of the expression of the platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha ( pdgfra ) gene. I also found that miR196 regulates zebrafish pectoral fin initiation by regulating the expression of the retinoic acid receptor alpha b ( rarab ) gene and that miR-196 is involved in the patterning of zebrafish pharyngeal arches and vertebrae. These results illuminate previously unknown regulatory mechanisms of skeletal development. I also reviewed current knowledge concerning microRNAs in skeletal development and evolution and discussed potential relationships between microRNAs and skeletal disease. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished coauthored material.en-USMicroregulationZebrafishSkeletal developmentMicroRNAsSkeletogenesisGeneticsDevelopmental biologyThesis