Chou, Min-Chih Maynard2023-02-092023-02-091969-06https://hdl.handle.net/1794/27952119 pagesThe Tientsin anti-missionary incident of 1870 is one of the important events that helped shape modern Chinese history. It tragically ended the T'ung-chih Restoration--the first massive effort among Chinese officials to try to modernize and revitalize the Confucian state, and unexpectedly, but most profoundly and significantly, it reshaped Chinese internal politics. Yet the topic has never received the exhaustive treatment that it merits. The background of the conflict and the incident have been studied in some detail by scholars and laymen, but the negotiations and the repercussions, which are far more significant, have not been fully explored by historians. I have based the present study of these events primarily upon the original source materials of both Chinese and Western languages. I have tried to show what the Chinese and Westerners thought and did in this period. Special efforts have also been made to clear up some misinterpretations and more extensively to discuss Sino-American relations during this period. Although this study has been somewhat limited by my inability to consult the French sources, I have tried to show the importance of the neglected subject in modern Chinese history.enCreative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0-USTientsin IncidentTientsinChinese historyAnti-missionaryChinese politicsCultural confilctWesternizationThesis / Dissertation