Fischhoff, BaruchJohnson, Stephen2016-11-082016-11-081986-04Fischhoff, B., & Johnson, S. (1986). The evolution of command and control systems (Report No. 86-7). Eugene, OR: Decision Research.https://hdl.handle.net/1794/2062829 pagesComplex technical systems go through a series of stages in their evolution from a concept of how to meet a possible challenge to an operational version responding to real-world crises. The present analysis offers a characterization of these stages and the factors that shape the transitions between them. It can be used to describe the status of a system, to characterize or antic~pate developmental difficulties, and to diagnose the sources of disagreements among those involved with it. It is illustrated here in the context of a specific system for which all stages must be addressed successfully, the National Command Authority for control of nuclear weapons in the U.S. or U.S.S.R.en-USCreative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0-USCommand and control systemsEvolutionSystemsArticle