Basic Information--Introduction
Data File Name: pennsylvaniabktogo.csv

Author Names: Gregory J. Retallack, Ph.D. 
Author ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4356-9240  

Contact Information: University of Oregon Geological Sciences 1272 University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403 gregr@uoregon.edu 

Date(s) of Data Collection: 19830801-20070508

Basic Information--Data Use

Citations of Publications Using these Data: Retallack, G.J., 2011, Woodland hypothesis for Devonian evolution of tetrapods. Journal of Geology, v. 119, no.3, p. 235-258.
Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) of Publications Using these Data: 10.1086/659144

Purpose of Collection: These data were collected to establish a paleoclimatic time series for Devonian and Early Carboniferous rocks with evidence of fossils transitional between fish and amphibians.

Basic Information--Data Description
Geographic Information: Data was collected in Pennsylvania, New York, Maryland, Ohio, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Quebec. 

Methodological Information:See: Retallack, G.J., 2011, Woodland hypothesis for Devonian evolution of tetrapods. Journal of Geology, v. 119, no. 3, p. 253-258.

Data-specific Information

Full names and definitions of column headings: 
Locality 1 = Name of city or location of sample collection. See: Time Scale Tie Points
Locality 2 = State in which sample collection occurred (abbreviated)
County = County of sampled location
Formation = Name of formation sampled
Coordinates = Location of sample in coordinates
Date examined = Date of sample
Eyeheight = field measure of distance between observers eyes and feet (in this case 165 cm), adjusted to true height with information from dip and strike.
m level = meter level in local measured section
corrected m level = stratigraphic level in a composite section from combined local sections
paleosol type = Sampled paleosol classification 
Bk depth = calcic horizon depth within paleosol
Bk thickness = calcic horizon thickness within paleosol
Bk nature = mottles, nodules or benches
Bk size = calcic horizon nodule size within paleosol
Age Ma = age in millions of years ago 
burial km = depth of overlying rock computed from known stratigraphic thicknesses
Bk depth decompacted  = adjustment of paleosol depth to Bk horizon to depth of Bk in original soil, using compaction algorithm of Sheldon & Retallack (2001). 
Bk thickness decompacted=The thickness to carbonate nodules corrected for compaction using calculations provided by Sheldon and Retallack (2001).
MAP = Mean annual precipitation (mm) using calculations provided by Retallack (2004). 
error+ of MAP = upper bound of error envelope (MAP + 147 mm)
error- of MAP = lower bound of error envelope (MAP-147 mm)
MARP = mean annual range of precipitation using calculations provided by Retallack (2005).
error+ of MARP = upper bound of error envelope (MARP + 22 mm)
error- of MARP = lower bound of error envelope (MARP-22 mm)
T = Mean annual temperature (Celsius) calculated using equations provided by Retallack (2005). 
error+ of T = upper bound of error envelope (MAT + 4.4oC)
error- of T= lower bound of error envelope (MAT- 4.4oC)
Claystone sample = sample number in Condon Collection, University of Oregon of paleosol claystone
Carbonate sample = sample number in Condon Collection, University of Oregon of carbonate paleosol nodule

Time Scale Tie Points:
Amblerville, NY: uppermost Oneonta Formation 1068 m in cumulative Catskill section; 389 Ma upper middle Polygnathus varcus zone lowest Tully Limestone at 269 m, 388.2 Ma lowest Schmidtognathus hermanni zone uppermost Tully Limestone at 336 m, 382.4 Ma lowest Palmatolepis transitans zone basal Middlesex Shale correlated with uppermost Oneonta Formation at 824, 380.0 Ma lowest Palmatolepis hassi zone lowest Rhinestreet Shale correlated with uppermost Lower Walton Formation at 1068 m, 376.5 Ma upper Palmatolepis rhenana zone basal Pipe Creek Shale correlated with uppermost Upper Walton Formation at 1326 m, 4.4 km cover Devonian cover (Bridge and Gordon, 1985; Sutton and McGhee, 1985; Sevon and Woodrow, 1985; Kirchgaser, 1985; Sarwar and Friedman, 1995; Over, 1997; House 2002; Over et al., 2003)
Beans Gap. TN: Juniata Formation, 0 m as 450 Ma basal Richmondian, 111.7 m as 445.6 Ma uppermost Richmondian, top Juniata buried 4000 m (Ghazizadeh, 1985; Driese and Foreman, 1992; Ryder et al., 2005)
Belle Valley, OH: below Ames Formation at 221 m, with Washington coal at 505.1 m as basal Permian (299 Ma), upper Freeport Coal at 136.6 m as basal Stephanian (306.5 Ma), and upper Homewood Sandstone at 117.4 m as basal Westphalian D (308.8 Ma), 3000 m overburden above Washington coal at 505.1 m (Donaldson et al., 1979; Caudill et al., 1997; Gradstein et al., 2005)
Bridgeport, OH: above Sewickley Coal at 362.3 m, and above and below Pittsburgh Coal at 321.6 m, with Washington coal at 505.1 m as basal Permian (299 Ma), upper Freeport Coal at 136.6 m as basal Stephanian (306.5 Ma), and upper Homewood Sandstone at 117.4 m as basal Westphalian D (308.8 Ma) 3000 m overburden above Washington coal at 505.1 m (Donaldson et al., 1979; Caudill et al., 1997; Gradstein et al., 2005)
Burnsville, WV: above Pittsburgh Coal 321.6, with Washington coal at 505.1 m as basal Permian (299 Ma), upper Freeport Coal at 136.6 m as basal Stephanian (306.5 Ma), and upper Homewood Sandstone at 117.4 m as basal Westphalian D (308.8 Ma) 3000 m overburden above Washington coal at 505.1 m (Donaldson et al., 1979; Caudill et al., 1997; Gradstein et al., 2005)
Callicoon, NY: Walton and Slide Mountain Formations; 366 Ma Annulata deep calcic at 568, 369.7 Ma Enkeberg-Condroz deep calcic at 489 m, 373.15 Nehden deep calcic at 419 m, 374.85 Ma upper Kellwasser deep calcic at 365 m, 376.9 Ma lower Kellwasser deep calcic at 326 m, 380 Ma Rhinestreet deep calcic at 265 m; 4.9 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Cotter et al., 1993; House, 2002; Retallack, 2006)
Cambridge, OH: above upper Freeport Coal at 136.6, with Washington coal at 505.1 m as basal Permian (299 Ma), upper Freeport Coal at 136.6 m as basal Stephanian (306.5 Ma), and upper Homewood Sandstone at 117.4 m as basal Westphalian D (308.8 Ma) 3000 m overburden above Washington coal at 505.1 m (Donaldson et al., 1979; Caudill et al., 1997; Gradstein et al., 2005)
Cap-aux-Os, Canada: lower Cap-aux-Os member, Battery Point Formation, Late Emsian (Elick, 1999). 
Cap-aux-Os, Canada: lower Cap-aux-Os member, Battery Point Formation, Late Emsian (Elick, 1999). 
Claryville NY: Slide Mountain Formation 1326-1400 m in cumulative Catskill section; 389 Ma upper middle Polygnathus varcus zone lowest Tully Limestone at 269 m, 388.2 Ma lowest Schmidtognathus hermanni zone uppermost Tully Limestone at 336 m, 382.4 Ma lowest Palmatolepis transitans zone basal Middlesex Shale correlated with uppermost Oneonta Formation at 824, 380.0 Ma lowest Palmatolepis hassi zone lowest Rhinestreet Shale correlated with uppermost Lower Walton Formation at 1068 m, 376.5 Ma upper Palmatolepis rhenana zone basal Pipe Creek Shale correlated with uppermost Upper Walton Formation at 1326 m, 4 km cover to top Devonian (Bridge and Gordon, 1985; Sutton and McGhee, 1985; Sevon and Woodrow, 1985; Kirchgaser, 1985; Sarwar and Friedman, 1995; Over, 1997; House 2002; Over et al., 2003)
Cochecton, NY: Walton and Slide Mountain Formations; 366 Ma Annulata deep calcic at 568, 369.7 Ma Enkeberg-Condroz deep calcic at 489 m, 373.15 Nehden deep calcic at 419 m, 374.85 Ma upper Kellwasser deep calcic at 365 m, 376.9 Ma lower Kellwasser deep calcic at 326 m, 380 Ma Rhinestreet deep calcic at 265 m; 4.9 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Cotter et al., 1993; House, 2002; Retallack, 2006)
Danville, PA: 418.7 Ma Ludlovian-Pridolian boundary taken at Moyer Ridge Member at 330 m, 416 Ma Silurian-Devonian boundary atop Keyser Formation at 490 m, paleosols 270-380 m above base of 450 m Bloomsburg Formation, covered by 30 m Wills Creek, Tonoloway and Keyser Formations; overburden to top Silurian 10.9 km (Beaumont et al. 1987; Driese et al, 1993c; King, 1998)
Davenport Center, NY: lower Frasnian ; 4.3 km post-Devonian cover (Demicco et al., 1987; Sarwar and Friedman, 1995)
Delhi, NY: lower Walton Formation at 824-1068 m in cumulative Catskill section; 389 Ma upper middle Polygnathus varcus zone lowest Tully Limestone at 269 m, 388.2 Ma lowest Schmidtognathus hermanni zone uppermost Tully Limestone at 336 m, 382.4 Ma lowest Palmatolepis transitans zone basal Middlesex Shale correlated with uppermost Oneonta Formation at 824, 380.0 Ma lowest Palmatolepis hassi zone lowest Rhinestreet Shale correlated with uppermost Lower Walton Formation at 1068 m, 376.5 Ma upper Palmatolepis rhenana zone basal Pipe Creek Shale correlated with uppermost Upper Walton Formation at 1326 m, 4.8 km cover to top Devonian (Bridge and Gordon, 1985; Sutton and McGhee, 1985; Sevon and Woodrow, 1985; Kirchgaser, 1985; Sarwar and Friedman, 1995; Over, 1997; House 2002; Over et al., 2003)
Downsville, NY: upper Walton and Slide Mountain Formations 1068-1400 m in cumulative Catskill section; 389 Ma upper middle Polygnathus varcus zone lowest Tully Limestone at 269 m, 388.2 Ma lowest Schmidtognathus hermanni zone uppermost Tully Limestone at 336 m, 382.4 Ma lowest Palmatolepis transitans zone basal Middlesex Shale correlated with uppermost Oneonta Formation at 824, 380.0 Ma lowest Palmatolepis hassi zone lowest Rhinestreet Shale correlated with uppermost Lower Walton Formation at 1068 m, 376.5 Ma upper Palmatolepis rhenana zone basal Pipe Creek Shale correlated with uppermost Upper Walton Formation at 1326 m, 4.9 km cover to top Devonian (Bridge and Gordon, 1985; Sutton and McGhee, 1985; Sevon and Woodrow, 1985; Kirchgaser, 1985; Sarwar and Friedman, 1995; Over, 1997; House 2002; Over et al., 2003)
Durham, NY: Manorkill to Oneonta Formation at 0-824 m in cumulative Catskill section; 389 Ma upper middle Polygnathus varcus zone lowest Tully Limestone at 269 m, 388.2 Ma lowest Schmidtognathus hermanni zone uppermost Tully Limestone at 336 m, 382.4 Ma lowest Palmatolepis transitans zone basal Middlesex Shale correlated with uppermost Oneonta Formation at 824, 380.0 Ma lowest Palmatolepis hassi zone lowest Rhinestreet Shale correlated with uppermost Lower Walton Formation at 1068 m, 376.5 Ma upper Palmatolepis rhenana zone basal Pipe Creek Shale correlated with uppermost Upper Walton Formation at 1326 m, 5.2 km cover to top Devonian (Bridge and Gordon, 1985; Sutton and McGhee, 1985; Sevon and Woodrow, 1985; Kirchgaser, 1985; Sarwar and Friedman, 1995; Over, 1997; House 2002; Over et al., 2003)
East Windham, NY: Oneonta Formation, upper Givetian (387) Ma Tully limestone maximal transgression surface at 33.5 m, basal Sanbergoceras syngonum zone and Middlesex black shale event of early Frasnian (382.2 Ma) correlated with uppermost Oneonta Formation at 65 m; 5.2 km post Devonian cover (Johnson and Friedman, 1969; Kirchgasser, 1985; Swarwr and Friedman, 1995; Knox and Gordon, 1999)
French Woods, NY: Walton and Slide Mountain Formations; 366 Ma Annulata deep calcic at 568, 369.7 Ma Enkeberg-Condroz deep calcic at 489 m, 373.15 Nehden deep calcic at 419 m, 374.85 Ma upper Kellwasser deep calcic at 365 m, 376.9 Ma lower Kellwasser deep calcic at 326 m, 380 Ma Rhinestreet deep calcic at 265 m; 4.9 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Cotter et al., 1993; House, 2002; Retallack, 2006)
Goshen, WV: below Harlem Coal at 220 m, with Washington coal at 505.1 m as basal Permian (299 Ma), upper Freeport Coal at 136.6 m as basal Stephanian (306.5 Ma), and upper Homewood Sandstone at 117.4 m as basal Westphalian D (308.8 Ma), 3000 m overburden above Washington coal at 505.1 m (Donaldson et al., 1979; Caudill et al., 1997, Gradstein et al., 2005)
Grand Gorge, NY: Oneonta Formation at 336-824 m in cumulative Catskill section; 389 Ma upper middle Polygnathus varcus zone lowest Tully Limestone at 269 m, 388.2 Ma lowest Schmidtognathus hermanni zone uppermost Tully Limestone at 336 m, 382.4 Ma lowest Palmatolepis transitans zone basal Middlesex Shale correlated with uppermost Oneonta Formation at 824, 380.0 Ma lowest Palmatolepis hassi zone lowest Rhinestreet Shale correlated with uppermost Lower Walton Formation at 1068 m, 376.5 Ma upper Palmatolepis rhenana zone basal Pipe Creek Shale correlated with uppermost Upper Walton Formation at 1326 m, 4.3 km cover to top Devonian (Bridge and Gordon, 1985; Sutton and McGhee, 1985; Sevon and Woodrow, 1985; Kirchgaser, 1985; Sarwar and Friedman, 1995; Over, 1997; House 2002; Over et al., 2003)
Guilford, NY: uppermost Oneonta Formation 870 m in cumulative Catskill section; 389 Ma upper middle Polygnathus varcus zone lowest Tully Limestone at 269 m, 388.2 Ma lowest Schmidtognathus hermanni zone uppermost Tully Limestone at 336 m, 382.4 Ma lowest Palmatolepis transitans zone basal Middlesex Shale correlated with uppermost Oneonta Formation at 824, 380.0 Ma lowest Palmatolepis hassi zone lowest Rhinestreet Shale correlated with uppermost Lower Walton Formation at 1068 m, 376.5 Ma upper Palmatolepis rhenana zone basal Pipe Creek Shale correlated with uppermost Upper Walton Formation at 1326 m, 4.4 km cover Devonian cover (Bridge and Gordon, 1985; Sutton and McGhee, 1985; Sevon and Woodrow, 1985; Kirchgaser, 1985; Sarwar and Friedman, 1995; Over, 1997; House 2002; Over et al., 2003)
Hankins, NY: Walton and Slide Mountain Formations; 366 Ma Annulata deep calcic at 568, 369.7 Ma Enkeberg-Condroz deep calcic at 489 m, 373.15 Nehden deep calcic at 419 m, 374.85 Ma upper Kellwasser deep calcic at 365 m, 376.9 Ma lower Kellwasser deep calcic at 326 m, 380 Ma Rhinestreet deep calcic at 265 m; 4.9 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Cotter et al., 1993; House, 2002; Retallack, 2006)
Hazleton, PA: late Mississippian: using magnetostratigrahpy of Pottsville, 9.1 km burial of top Mississippian (Beaumont et al., 1987; Fastovsky et al., 1993; Brezinski, 1999; Opdyke and DiVenere, 2004)
Hyner, PA: Duncannon member, Catskill Formation, early late Famennian Fa2c miospores 365-363 Ma, ages as for Selinsgrove with 0 m at Hyner=1191.8 m at Selinsgrove; 5.2 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Woodrow et al., 1995)
Jericho, PA: Walton and Slide Mountain Formations; 366 Ma Annulata deep calcic at 568, 369.7 Ma Enkeberg-Condroz deep calcic at 489 m, 373.15 Nehden deep calcic at 419 m, 374.85 Ma upper Kellwasser deep calcic at 365 m, 376.9 Ma lower Kellwasser deep calcic at 326 m, 380 Ma Rhinestreet deep calcic at 265 m; 4.9 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Cotter et al., 1993; House, 2002; Retallack, 2006)
Jim Thorpe, PA: Catskill Formation; 380 Ma Rhinestreet deep calcic at 520 m; 374.85 Ma upper Kellwasser deep calcic at 872 m, 373.15 Ma Nehden deep calcic at 1034 m,  369.7 Ma Enkeberg-Condroz deep calcic at 1203 m, 366 Ma Annulata deep calcic at 1442 m, 359.95 Ma Hangenberg deep calcic at 1905 m; 337.1 Ma base chron N1, 335.9 Ma top chron N1, 335.1 Ma base chron N2, 334.1 Ma top chron N2, 334.3 Ma base chron N3, 333.3 Ma top chron N3, 331.5 Ma base chron N4, 331.0 Ma top chron N4, 330.2 Ma base chron N5, 339.4 Ma top chron N5, 327.5 Ma base chron N6, 326.9 Ma top chron N6, 324.8 Ma base chron N7, 323.8 Ma top chron N7, 320.4 Ma base chron N8, 319.5 Ma top chron N8, 318.2 Ma base chron N9; 9.1 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Cotter et al., 1993; House, 2002; Opdyke and Divenere, 2004; Retallack, 2006)
Lavelle, PA: Late Missisippian, 337.1 Ma base chron N1 at 374 m, 336.9 Ma top chron N1 at 380 m, 336.4 Ma base chron N2 at 396 m, 335.9 top chron N2 at 395 m, 335.2 Ma base chron N3 at 420 m, 334.1 Ma top chron N3 at 444 m, 333.3 Ma base chron N4 at 466 m, 332.9 Ma top chron N4 at 478 m, 332.7 Ma base chron N5 at 506 m, 332.3 Ma top chron N5 at 525 m, 331.4 Ma base chron N6 at 563 m, 323.8 Ma top chron MMBn at 761.4, 320.3 Ma base chron MMBn at 869.4, 319.4 Ma base chron MMCn at 908.4, 318.3 Ma top MMCn at 914.4 m; 8.2 km burial of top Mississippian (Beaumont et al., 1987; Fastovsky et al., 1993; Brezinski, 1999; Opdyke and DiVenere 2004)
Lewis Spring, TN: Rome Formation Middle Cambrian, top of Rome Formation buried by 7000 m (Beets, 1985; Ryder et al. 2005)
Liverpool, PA:  Duncannon Member mid-Famennian 0 m = 1250 m in Selinsgrove section; 6.6 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; King, 1998)
Loch Haven, PA: early Mississippian Huntley Mountain Formation: 359.2 Ma end-Famennian at 94 Ma, 339.2 Ma end-Osagean at 316.8 Ma, 5.6 km above lower Mississippian (Beaumont et al., 1987; Berg 1999)
Loysburg, PA: overlying early Richmondian marine; paleosols 700 m below Silurian unconformity, 7.6 km post-Silurian cover  + 945 m Silurian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Laughrey, 1999) 
Macksburg, OH: above Sewickley Coal at 362.3, with Washington coal at 505.1 m as basal Permian (299 Ma), upper Freeport Coal at 136.6 m as basal Stephanian (306.5 Ma), and upper Homewood Sandstone at 117.4 m as basal Westphalian D (308.8 Ma), 3000 m overburden above Washington coal at 505.1 m (Donaldson et al., 1979; Caudill et al., 1997; Gradstein et al., 2005)
Milton PA: Pridolian 10.5 km burial of top Silurian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Driese et al., 1993d)
Monterey, TN: Pennington Formation, Chesterian with middle Homberrgian 325 Ma Bangor Limestone at 4.5 m and 318 Ma Mississsippian-Pennsylvanian boundary at 121.4 m, buried by 3.5 km above 121.5 m tops of Pennington Formation (Caudill et al., 1992, 1997)
Morgantown, WV: above Pittsburg Coal at 321.6 m, with Washington coal at 505.1 m as 299 Ma basal Permian, upper Freeport Coal at 136.6 m as 306.5 Ma basal Stephanian, and upper Homewood Sandstone at 117.4 m as 308.8 Ma basal Westphalian D, 3000 m overburden above Washington coal at 505.1 m (Donaldson et al., 1979; Caudill et al., 1997; Gradstein et al., 2005)
Nescopeck, PA: late Mississippian: using magnetostratigrahpy of Lavelle, 9.1 km burial of top Mississippian (Beaumont et al., 1987; Fastovsky et al., 1993; Brezinski, 1999; Opdyke and DiVenere, 2004)
Newport, PA: basal Duncannon Member mid-Famennian 0 m = 1191.8 m in Selinsgrove section; 6.3 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Driese and Mora, 1993; Driese et al., 1993a)
Osage, WV: above Pittsburgh Coal at 321.6 m, with Washington coal at 505.1 m as basal Permian (299 Ma), upper Freeport Coal at 136.6 m as basal Stephanian (306.5 Ma), and upper Homewood Sandstone at 117.4 m as basal Westphalian D (308.8 Ma), 3000 m overburden above Washington coal at 505.1 m (Donaldson et al., 1979; Caudill et al., 1997; Gradstein et al., 2005)
Palmerton, PA: Bloomsburg Formation, correlated with Ludlovian 418.7 Ma-422.9 Ma 12 km burial of top Silurian (Beaumont et al. 1987)
Park Falls, NY: Oneonta Formation, Frasnian; 4.5 km cover to top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Bridge, 1988; Fastovsky et al., 1993)
Port Jervis, New York: Wurtsboro member Bloomsburg Formation, 11.2 km cover to top Silurian here taken as top Bloomsburg Formation (King, 1998; Beaumont et al. 1987)
Potters Mills, PA: Juniata Formation Richmondian from 450 Ma to 445.6 Ma, uppermost Reedsville Shale at -200 m taken as 450 Ma late Maysvillian, ponded facies at 350 m taken as 445.6 Ma terminal Richmondian, 8 km cover to top Silurian + 976 m Silurian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Retallack, 1993; Laughrey, 1999)
Pottsville, PA: upper Meramecian-lower Chesterian upper Mauch Chunk Formation and lower Namurian Pottsville Formation, 318.3 Ma top chron MMCn at 1094.8 m, 319.4 Ma base MMCn at 1067.8 m, 320.3 Ma top crhon MMBn at 1023, 8, 323.8 Ma base chron MMBn at 912.8 m, 328.8 Ma top chron MMA at 815.8 m, 8.5 km burial of top Mississippian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Fastovsky et al., 1993; Brezinski 1999)
Powys, PA:  Duncannon Member mid-Famennian 0 m = 849 m in Selinsgrove section; 8.6 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; King, 1998)
Sabraton, WV: below Harlem Coal at 220 m, and below Elk Lick Coal at 251.2 m, with Washington coal at 505.1 m as basal Permian (299 Ma), upper Freeport Coal at 136.6 m as basal Stephanian (306.5 Ma), and upper Homewood Sandstone at 117.4 m as basal Westphalian D (308.8 Ma), 3000 m overburden above Washington coal at 505.1 m (Donaldson et al., 1979; Caudill et al., 1997; Gradstein et al., 2005)
Sandstone, WV: middle Hinton Formation, ca 70 m, late Mississippian, buried by 3.5 km above 121.5 m tops of Hinton Formation (Cecil and Edgar, 1994, Caudill et al., 1997)
Sandy Beach, Canada: lower Cap-aux-Os member, Battery Point Formation, Late Emsian (Elick, 1999). 
Scranton, PA: Pocono Formation, 359.2 Ma Devonian-Mississippian boundary at -100 m, 339.2 Ma lowest Meramecian at 215 m, 9.8 km burial to lower Mississippian (Edmunds, 1997; Kochanov, 1997; Sevon et al. 1997) 
Selinsgrove, PA: Buddys Run Members, Catskill Formation and Spechty Kopf Formation; 359.9 Ma Hangenberg deep calcic at1505 m, 366 Ma Annulata deep calcic at 1200 m, 369.7 Ma Enkeberg-Condroz deep calcic at 1075 m, 373.15 Nehden deep calcic at 872.5 m, 6.3 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Cotter et al., 1993; House, 2002; Retallack, 2006)
Shandaken, NY: upper Walton Formation 1100 m in cumulative Catskill section; 389 Ma upper middle Polygnathus varcus zone lowest Tully Limestone at 269 m, 388.2 Ma lowest Schmidtognathus hermanni zone uppermost Tully Limestone at 336 m, 382.4 Ma lowest Palmatolepis transitans zone basal Middlesex Shale correlated with uppermost Oneonta Formation at 824, 380.0 Ma lowest Palmatolepis hassi zone lowest Rhinestreet Shale correlated with uppermost Lower Walton Formation at 1068 m, 376.5 Ma upper Palmatolepis rhenana zone basal Pipe Creek Shale correlated with uppermost Upper Walton Formation at 1326 m, 5.2 km cover to top Devonian (Bridge and Gordon, 1985; Sutton and McGhee, 1985; Sevon and Woodrow, 1985; Kirchgaser, 1985; Sarwar and Friedman, 1995; Over, 1997; House 2002; Over et al., 2003)
Sideling Hill, MD: Rockwell Formation, 359.2 Ma Devonian-Mississippian boundary diamictite at 3 m, 349.2 Ma Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary at 192 m, burial by 8.5 km above lower Mississippian (Beaumont et al., 1987; Bjerstedt and Kammer, 1988)
Sissonville, WV: above and below Pittsburgh Coal at 321.6 m, with Washington coal at 505.1 m as basal Permian (299 Ma), upper Freeport Coal at 136.6 m as basal Stephanian (306.5 Ma), and upper Homewood Sandstone at 117.4 m as basal Westphalian D (308.8 Ma), 3000 m overburden above Washington coal at 505.1 m (Donaldson et al., 1979; Caudill et al., 1997; Gradstein et al., 2005)
Slate Run, PA: early Mississippian Huntley Mountain Formation: 359.2 Ma end-Famennian at 94 Ma, 339.2 Ma end-Osagean at 316.8 Ma, post lower Mississippian cover of 5 km (Beumont et al., 1987; Berg 1999)
Starlight, PA: Walton and Slide Mountain Formations; 366 Ma Annulata deep calcic at 568, 369.7 Ma Enkeberg-Condroz deep calcic at 489 m, 373.15 Nehden deep calcic at 419 m, 374.85 Ma upper Kellwasser deep calcic at 365 m, 376.9 Ma lower Kellwasser deep calcic at 326 m, 380 Ma Rhinestreet deep calcic at 265 m; 4.9 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Cotter et al., 1993; House, 2002; Retallack, 2006)
Stockport, NY: Walton and Slide Mountain Formations; 366 Ma Annulata deep calcic at 568, 369.7 Ma Enkeberg-Condroz deep calcic at 489 m, 373.15 Nehden deep calcic at 419 m, 374.85 Ma upper Kellwasser deep calcic at 365 m, 376.9 Ma lower Kellwasser deep calcic at 326 m, 380 Ma Rhinestreet deep calcic at 265 m; 4.9 km burial of top Devonian (Beaumont et al. 1987; Cotter et al., 1993; House, 2002; Retallack, 2006)
Thorn Hill, TN: Rome Formation, with 517.8 Ma basal Olenellus zone at 0 m and 513 Ma upper Olenellus zone at 620 m: top of Rome Formation buried 7000 m (Byerly, 1985; Ryder et al. 2005)
Unadilla, NY: middle Oneonta Formation at 580 m in cumulative Catskill section, with Frasnian miospores; 389 Ma upper middle Polygnathus varcus zone lowest Tully Limestone at 269 m, 388.2 Ma lowest Schmidtognathus hermanni zone uppermost Tully Limestone at 336 m, 382.4 Ma lowest Palmatolepis transitans zone basal Middlesex Shale correlated with uppermost Oneonta Formation at 824, 380.0 Ma lowest Palmatolepis hassi zone lowest Rhinestreet Shale correlated with uppermost Lower Walton Formation at 1068 m, 376.5 Ma upper Palmatolepis rhenana zone basal Pipe Creek Shalecorrelated with uppermost Upper Walton Formation at 1326 m, 4.1 km cover to top Devonian (Bridge and Gordon, 1985; Sutton and McGhee, 1985; Sevon and Woodrow, 1985; Kirchgaser, 1985; Sarwar and Friedman, 1995; Over, 1997; House 2002; Over et al., 2003)
Walton, NY: uppermost Oneonta Formation at 824 m in cumulative Catskill section; 389 Ma upper middle Polygnathus varcus zone lowest Tully Limestone at 269 m, 388.2 Ma lowest Schmidtognathus hermanni zone uppermost Tully Limestone at 336 m, 382.4 Ma lowest Palmatolepis transitans zone basal Middlesex Shale correlated with uppermost Oneonta Formation at 824, 380.0 Ma lowest Palmatolepis hassi zone lowest Rhinestreet Shale correlated with uppermost Lower Walton Formation at 1068 m, 376.5 Ma upper Palmatolepis rhenana zone basal Pipe Creek Shale correlated with uppermost Upper Walton Formation at 1326 m, 4.3 km cover to top Devonian (Bridge and Gordon, 1985; Sutton and McGhee, 1985; Sevon and Woodrow, 1985; Kirchgaser, 1985; Sarwar and Friedman, 1995; Over, 1997; House 2002; Over et al., 2003)
Wurtsboro, New York: Wurtsboro member Bloomsburg Formation, 10.7 cover to top Silurian here taken as uppermost Bloomsburg Formation (Beaumont et al. 1987; King, 1998)

References: 
Banks, H.P., Grierson, J.D., and Bonamo, P.M., 1985, The flora of the Catskill clastic wedge, in Woodrow, D.L., and Sevon, W.D., eds., The Catskill Delta, Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 201, p. 125-141.
Beaumont, C., Quinlan, G.M., and Hamilton, J., 1987, The Alleghenian orogeny and its relationship to the evolution of the Eastern Interior, North America. In C. Beaumont and A.J. Tankard, eds., Sedimentary basins and basin forming mechanisms. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, v. 12, p. 425-445.
Beets, J.W., 1985, Structural analysis of the Hunter Valley, Wallen Valley and Whiteoak Mountain Fault intersection in northeastern Tennessee. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 110 p.
Berg, T.M., Devonian-Mississippian transition, in Schultz, C.H., ed., The geology of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Harrisburg, p. 129-138.
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Units of measurement: Length/width are measured in SI units.
Definitions for codes or symbols used to record missing data: Missing data are reflected through blank cells. 

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Links to publications that cite or use the data: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/659144
Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: http://blogs.uoregon.edu/gregr/detailed-webpage/downloadable-data/
Recommended citation for the data: Retallack, G.J., 2011, Woodland hypothesis for Devonian evolution of tetrapods. Journal of Geology, v. 119, no.3, p. 235-258. Supplementary online information
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