School of Journalism and Communication

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https://hdl.handle.net/1794/3081

The UO School of Journalism and Communication offers programs leading to bachelors, masters and doctoral degrees. undergraduate students major in one of six areas: advertising, electronic media, communication studies, magazine journalism, news-editorial, or public relations. For more information on the School and its programs visit the School's web site.

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Open Access
50 Maneras de Hacer Redituables los Medios
(What's New in Publishing, 2019) Radcliffe, Damian
Este informe se divide entre seis capítulos que presenta los generadores de ingresos principales para editores: muros de pago, suscripciones, publicidad, libres de anuncios, eventos, y e-commerce. Se acaba por mirar a estrategias de crear ingresos emergentes que editores están empezando a utilizar y probar con éxito. El informe también tiene apéndice comprehensivo que conecta a artículos con los estudios de caso y ejemplos. Fue publicado originalmente por What’s New in Publishing (WNIP) con auspicio de Sovrn, este informe libre apunta a provocar nuevas ideas y asi como reafirmar estrategias del editor actuales.
Open Access
50 Ways to Make Media Pay
(What's New in Publishing, 2019-04) Radcliffe, Damian
This report is divided into six chapters outlining the main revenue drivers for publishers: paywalls, subscriptions, advertising, ad-free models, events, and ecommerce. It finishers with a look at the new emerging revenue strategies that publishers are beginning to use and successfully experiment with. The report also features a comprehensive appendix that links to stories featuring the case studies and examples included in this study. Originally published by What's New in Publishing and sponsored by Sovrn, this free report aims to spark new ideas as well as reaffirm existing publisher strategies.
Open Access
50 Ways to Make Media Pay: 2021 edition, fully revised and updated
(What's New In Publishing, 2021-11-17) Radcliffe, Damian
Newly revised for 2021, this report is an essential, exhaustive look at the multiple revenue opportunities available to publishers today, from new ideas to existing strategies. Topics include: Subscriptions, paywalls, and micropayments, eCommerce and affiliate partnerships, Programmatic and native ads, and much more!
Open Access
Building a Stronger Local Media Ecosystem: The Role of Media Policy
(Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism, 2023-04-20) Radcliffe, Damian; Mathews, Nick
This paper plays out against a backdrop of continued closures and diminished local news reporting across much of the United States. It explores the role that media policy can and should play in supporting local journalism. In examining this topic, we investigate three fundamental questions: What is local media policy? What are the key existential issues and/or problems local media policy must wrestle with? What potential solutions to the local news crisis can media policy potentially help address? The core of our response to these questions is derived from a series of five public webinars hosted by the Tow Center. Through these events, we invited a range of industry and academic experts to share their perspectives on areas related to these major themes. Our conversations explored the scope of media policy, barriers to implementation, opportunities for policy to make a difference, and some of the unique characteristics that shape U.S. media policy and attitudes toward potential policy interventions. To this, we have added further context and updates on some of the latest policy developments, based on a literature review and our continued interest in this subject.
Open Access
eCommerce in Publishing: Trends and Strategies
(What's New In Publishing, 2022-02-18) Radcliffe, Damian
The eCommerce bump witnessed over the last two years looks set to be a revenue trend that will only grow in importance for publishers. According to Group M, by 2024 retail-focused eCommerce will amount to $7 trillion in annual sales activity, making eCommerce a revenue stream that publishers ignore at their peril. Meanwhile, the COVID crisis has “accelerated” efforts by publishers to generate money through eCommerce, with 30% of commercial publishers surveyed indicating that this would be an “important” or “very important” revenue stream in 2022. eCommerce’s moment has come. A combination of shifting consumer behaviors, coupled with the urgency to diversify revenue streams, means that growing numbers of publishers are ready to cross the online shopping Rubicon. This new report from What's New in Publishing and sponsored by Sovrn offers best practices, case studies and key insights into how publishers can successfully leverage eCommerce, as well as partner with platforms, retailers and other service providers to offer online shopping experiences that consumers now demand.
Open Access
How the Middle East used Social Media in 2020
(New Media Academy, 2021-03) Radcliffe, Damian; Abuhmaid, Hadil
This report is the ninth in an annual series of publications, dating back to 2012, showcasing the latest developments in social media across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This year’s study is produced in partnership with the New Media Academy. The New Media Academy was inaugurated in June 2020, by His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, UAE Vice President and Prime Minister, and ruler of Dubai, to work within the space of development, with a focus on harnessing opportunities in the digital space. Using a broad range of industry, academic and media sources, we dive into the trends - and biggest stories - which shaped MENA’s relationship with social media during the past year. Not surprisingly, this study is heavily influenced by the impact of COVID-19. The novel coronavirus impacted on everyone’s lives around the world, including the Middle East. One by-product of the pandemic could be seen in our changing media habits. Social media usage - across all platforms - increased during the early stages of the outbreak. More widely, given the importance of social media in our media diets, platforms, industry and governments alike sought to use these networks to promote public health messages, as well as counter misinformation related to the COVID crisis. Alongside these developments, we have also seen continued investment in content on social media platforms - especially during Ramadan - and growing partnerships between traditional media players and social media channels and influencers. These developments reflect the popularity of high quality digital content consumed on social media, and a desire to reach audiences on these platforms, or bring existing social audiences onto other networks. We expect that this synergy will only rise, not least because many media habits developed during the pandemic may well continue post-COVID. As a result, social networks will become an increasingly important source for talent spotting, as well as a key avenue for content and information consumption. This trend, as we outline at the end of this report, matters for brands, creators and influencers, as well as governments and other public entities. Social media is already an important part of digital media habits and digital marketing strategies. In 2021, that importance looks set to continue and grow even further.
Open Access
How the Middle East Uses Social Media: 2021 edition
(New Media Academy, 2022-03-10) Radcliffe, Damian; Abuhmaid, Hadil
This is the tenth report in a series of annual studies exploring the latest social media trends across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It dives into developments on major networks (Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Snapchat and Twitter), emerging platforms (TikTok, LinkedIn and Clubhouse) as well as messaging apps (WhatsApp, Yalla and Telegram). It also examines the role of Influencers, and how COVID-19 and Online Misinformation played out on social media in 2021.
Open Access
The Impact of COVID-19 on Journalism in Emerging Economies and the Global South
(Thomson Reuters Foundation, 2021) Radcliffe, Damian
This report explores the untold story of how the COVID crisis has impacted on journalists – and journalism - in Emerging Economies and the Global South. It’s a story told not only through the insights of industry leaders, advocates and media experts – but critically, through the voices of the journalists themselves, too often unheard or silenced. It is the first report of its kind to bring together both fact-based data and first-hand experience with this regional focus. Taking a deep dive into the critical challenges faced by the profession, the report examines issues including the pandemic’s impact on the personal safety and welfare of journalists, the structure of newsrooms and disruption to business models, the proliferation of fake news, and surging threats to media freedom. The study also identifies best practice and innovative approaches that have been developed as a response to the challenges of COVID-19. Contributing alumni from TRF’s journalism training programmes span 26 countries, sharing their own experiences to illustrate the reality of journalism outside of North America and Western Europe.
Open Access
Life at Local Newspapers in a Turbulent Era: Findings from a survey of more than 300 newsroom employees in the United States
(Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia's Graduate School of Journalism, 2022-01-04) Radcliffe, Damian; Wallace, Ryan
The observations in this report are based on an online survey conducted between Tuesday, August 4, 2020 and Tuesday, September 8, 2020. We received 324 eligible responses from a mix of editors, reporters, publishers, and other roles at small-scale local newspapers — print publications with a circulation below 50,000 — in the United States. Set against the backdrop of COVID-19, survey respondents shared how the pandemic — as well as wider deep-rooted challenges — were redefining their work. Building on a similar survey conducted in late 2016, this study also gives us an opportunity to see how local journalism is changing. We did this in two ways: by comparing findings across the industry snapshots captured in 2016 and 2020, and by asking respondents to compare their working experiences in 2020 with three years prior (the period just after our last survey). Despite a challenging financial landscape, coupled with wider issues such as trust in journalism, our 2020 cohort — like their predecessors in 2016 — retained a sense of optimism about the future of their industry. In particular, they highlighted the importance of hyperlocal news, embracing digital and filing information gaps by covering stories not offered elsewhere. In doing this, respondents are alive to the economic challenges their sector faces, as well as the difficulty of attracting younger audiences and issues of retention, especially of midcareer journalists. Many are also conscious of the need to address issues of engagement and diversity more fully, but tell us that they often lack the bandwidth to do so. Elsewhere, we encountered journalists keen to reinvent the sector and let go of legacy attitudes and behaviors, as well as those who wanted to focus more fully on principles of objectivity and detachment, from which they felt the industry had drifted. Subsequently, despite seeing potential for the industry, 61 percent of respondents in 2020 hold a “slightly negative” or “very negative” opinion about the prospects for the future of small-market newspapers. Four years ago, the situation (to our surprise) was reversed, with 61 percent of 2016’s sample being “very positive” or “slightly positive” about the future of their industry. Through these findings, our data further underline the complexity of this sector and its lack of homogeneity. The breadth of the local newspaper landscape, and the range of experiences within it, are both an opportunity ― and a challenge ― for anyone interested in helping to preserve, strengthen, and enhance local journalism in 2021 and beyond.
Open Access
Local Journalism in the Pacific Northwest: Why It Matters, How It’s Evolving, and Who Pays for It
(University of Oregon, 2017-09) Radcliffe, Damian
Strong, effective, local journalism is essential for the health of the wider media ecosystem and in ensuring that the information needs of communities are met. But this sector has faced multiple challenges in recent years including declining revenues, smaller newsrooms and shuttered titles. How are local news organizations responding to these challenges, and what can be done to more effectively share successes across the media and news sectors? A new report from the University of Oregon’s Agora Journalism Center addresses those questions, through the lens of 10 news outlets, in the Pacific Northwest. These titles serve as a microcosm of the wider local news industry in the United States, who are similarly addressing fundamental strategic questions related to the revenue and business models, use of digital platforms and the impact of this changing journalistic practice.
Open Access
The Most Popular Social Media Accounts in the Middle East (H1 2022)
(New Media Academy, 2022-12-31) Radcliffe, Damian
For the first time, this report brings together in a single chart the most popular accounts originating in MENA on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter. Each of these platforms is explored in more detail in this report, but below we outline the account with the largest number of followers, likes and subscribers, across MENA as well as the region's four biggest markets: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates. Featuring news and music channels, content creators, religious figures, politicians and sports stars, this chart shows the breadth of activity seen on different social media channels and the different ways in which users utilize them. Egyptian footballer Mohamed Salah is the only person to be featured twice. The Liverpool player, and captain of the Egyptian national team, has the most popular Instagram and Twitter account stemming from Egypt. The report was made by possible by support from the New Media Academy and data from Emplifi. My thanks to them both.
Open Access
The Publisher's Guide to eCommerce
(What's New in Publishing, 2019) Radcliffe, Damian
Selling products related to publisher activities is nothing new. But over recent years, the breadth, range, and scope of eCommerce opportunities available to publishers has expanded greatly. This report looks in-depth at those publishers harnessing eCommerce to great effect, including BuzzFeed, POPSUGAR, Marie Claire UK, Dennis Publishing, Future Publishing, Culture Trip, Associated Media Publishing, and more. Originally published by What's New in Publishing and sponsored by Sovrn, this free report aims to spark new ideas as well as reaffirm existing publisher strategies.
Open Access
The Publisher’s Guide to eCommerce: Case Studies
(What's New In Publishing, 2020-06) Radcliffe, Damian
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected most industries, including the publishing and media sectors. Arguably, the advertising downturn associated with the pandemic makes it clearer than ever that companies need to diversify their revenue streams. Facing an "extinction event," as the current crisis has been called, may encourage publishers to look again at eCommerce and its potential. In doing this, it makes strategic sense for publishers to identify propositions which build on their existing relationship with audiences; and which play to their strengths. Audience data and insights, coupled with trust and name recognition, are valuable commodities which can be harnessed to support eCommerce activities. Historically, as BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti noted at the start of 2020, media companies have not done a good job of this. “….A longstanding problem in the media industry where content creators provide the inspiration to buy a new product, go on a vacation, or watch a new show–but don’t capture much of the economic value created," he argued. "This is sometimes referred to as the “attribution problem,” where Google and other middlemen end up capturing value they didn’t create. We see a real opportunity for us to reclaim some of that profit.” Peretti, as this new report shows, is not alone in this optimism. If publishers can further understand, and anticipate, the user journey - including the role of content as a driver for purchase decisions - then this remains a firm foundation on which eCommerce products and properties can be built.
Open Access
The Publisher’s Guide to Navigating COVID-19
(What's New In Publishing, 2020) Radcliffe, Damian
This free-to-download report brings together the best examples of how media organisations have risen to meet the challenges of COVID-19. It looks at a range of tips and tactics to help all kinds of publishers, from subscriptions to eCommerce, the state of ad tech, and tools for building loyalty. The Publisher’s Guide to Navigating COVID-19 report’s 80+ pages are split into seven chapters covering the pandemic’s impact on the media, what it means for subscription strategies, and how publishers are building loyalty and engagement. It concludes with a chapter exploring the legacy of COVID-19; the structural issues it has accentuated, the trends it has accelerated, and what this means for publishers looking at their business plans for 2021 and beyond. The report also comes packed with charts throughout and a comprehensive appendix, as well as recommendations for further reading.
Open Access
Redefining News: A Manifesto for Community-Centered Journalism
(Agora Journalism Center, 2023-09-21) Radcliffe, Damian; Lawrence, Regina; DeVigal, Andrew
This forward-thinking report makes the case for embracing a more inclusive, community-focused model of journalism, one that prioritizes listening to and collaborating with communities to produce relevant, equitable and impactful news and storytelling. The report features an actionable framework to put the principles of Community-Centered Journalism into practice and explains how this approach differs from traditional models of journalism, with potential benefits including rebuilding trust, tackling inequities, and fostering civic engagement.
Open Access
Shifting Practices for a Stronger Tomorrow: Local Journalism in the Pacific Northwest (2019)
(Agora Journalism Center, University of Oregon, 2019) Radcliffe, Damian; Powers, Alex; Alvarez, Destiny
In this report you will be able to read how newsrooms are adapting to address the realities of the journalism industry in 2019. Their experiences, and the solutions they are deploying, are not unique to the Pacific Northwest. We hope that news organizations in the United States and beyond will benefit from these insights.
Open Access
Social Media in the Middle East 2022: A Year in Review
(University of Oregon, 2023-03-31) Radcliffe, Damian; Abuhmaid, Hadil; Mahliaire, Nii
Welcome to the latest annual study on Middle East Social Media Trends. This report, the eleventh in a series dating back to 2012, provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of social media in the Middle East. As the most comprehensive and up-to-date study of its kind, it is an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the region's digital landscape. In this report, we examine the most popular social media platforms and the ways in which people are using them. We explore the impact of social media on politics, business and culture in the region. Our findings will be of interest to anyone interested in how social media shapes the way we connect with one another, as well as the ways in which we consume and find information. These trends are relevant to marketers, journalists, brands and businesses, as well as government agencies and public bodies. Over the past decade, the Middle East has seen a significant increase in social media adoption. Today, it boasts some of the highest penetration rates of social media in the world, making it a key market for platforms and businesses looking to engage with Arab audiences. From staying in touch with friends and family to consuming news and entertainment, social media - as it is around the world - is an integral part of daily life in the region. Social media is also playing an increasingly important role in politics, with many politicians and activists using the platforms to connect with the public and mobilize support for their policies.
Open Access
Social Media in the Middle East: 2019 in review
(2020-01-11) Radcliffe, Damian; Abuhmaid, Hadil
This report is the eighth in an annual series of publications, dating back to 2012, designed to share the latest stories, trends and research in social media usage from across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Using a wide variety of academic, industry and media sources, this White Paper identifies important insights from social media’s development over the previous year. Of particular note in 2019 is the continued, growing, importance of social media in the lives of Arab Youth, outside of Saudi Arabia and Turkey the declining usage of Twitter (once the poster child social network for the Arab Spring,) as well as greater scrutiny of social media usage by platform owners and governments alike. Last year’s report highlighted the increasing weaponization of social networks, a trend which continued in 2019. Facebook, Twitter and Telegram each closed hundreds of accounts due to inappropriate use by state sponsored actors and terrorist groups. Social networks were also the target of governments across MENA, in the midst of protests in many countries throughout the region. Meanwhile, the importance of social video and visually-led social networks, continued to grow from strength to strength. Snapchat introduced new advertising formats to the region and other exclusive functionality, Google highlighted the importance of YouTube in supporting parents and parenting, and in major markets such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the UAE, Twitter has emerged as a leading platform for online video consumption. The year ahead is likely to result in a continuation of many of the trends outlined in this report, as social media becomes increasingly engrained across the lives of businesses, governments and residents across the MENA region.
Open Access
Social Media in the Middle East: The Story of 2015
(University of Oregon, 2016-01) Radcliffe, Damian
This report is the fourth in a series of annual reports designed to capture some of the key developments in the world of social media -¬ within the Middle East -¬ during the past twelve months. Interest in this field, which was first unlocked by the Arab Spring, continues to attract researchers, marketers and businesses. The reasons for this are multiple: the region’s “youth bulge” makes the market attractive for anyone seeking to attract a young tech-¬‐savvy audience, meanwhile the growth of ISIS - and their use of social media - continues to pose challenging questions for policy makers and freedom of speech advocates. These developments play out against a diverse backdrop, and this diversity results in wide variances in usage of social media and other digital technologies; with particular differences between the Gulf region and North Africa. In aggregate, regional usage of social media continues to be behind the global average.
Open Access
Social Media in the Middle East: The Story of 2016: Top trends and data from the past 12 months
(University of Oregon, 2016-12) Radcliffe, Damian
This report is the fifth in a series of annual reports which captures key developments and data related to usage of social media in the Middle East. The past year has seen the continued growth of visual-led social networks, especially in the more affluent Gulf region. Meanwhile, the discernible growth in mobile social users (66% notes the creative agency We Are Social) emphasizes the increasing primacy of the mobile social experience. For many users, mobile is the only way that they interact with social networks. Mobile platforms, for millions in the region, will also offer their first online experience. Recognizing this, companies like Facebook have launched Facebook Lite, an Android app targeting users on slow networks (and with small data plans). Their Free Basics program allows customers on the Zain network in Jordan and AsiaCell, Korek and Zain in Iraq avoid data charges when using Facebook on their mobile devices. Will other providers follow suit? Yet, for all the positives, the social experience in some parts of the region remains beset with challenges. Networks and services can be blocked – both temporarily and permanently – and issues around freedom of expression persist. These dimensions, alongside growth stories and statistics, are explored in this paper.