Browsing by Author "Hess, Rachel"

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    Cross-sectional validation of the PROMIS-Preference scoring system
    (Public Library of Science, 2018-07-31) Hanmer, Janel; Dewitt, Barry; Yu, Lan; Tsevat, Joel; Roberts, Mark; Revicki, Dennis; Pilkonis, Paul A.; Hess, Rachel; Hays, Ron D.; Fischhoff, Baruch; Feeny, David; Condon, David; Cella, David
    Objectives The PROMIS-Preference (PROPr) score is a recently developed summary score for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). PROPr is a preference-based scoring system for seven PROMIS domains created using multiplicative multi-attribute utility theory. It serves as a generic, societal, preference-based summary scoring system of health-related quality of life. This manuscript evaluates construct validity of PROPr in two large samples from the US general population. Methods We utilized 2 online panel surveys, the PROPr Estimation Survey and the Profiles-Health Utilities Index (HUI) Survey. Both included the PROPr measure, patient demographic information, self-reported chronic conditions, and other preference-based summary scores: the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D-5L) and HUI in the PROPr Estimation Survey and the HUI in the Profiles-HUI Survey. The HUI was scored as both the Mark 2 and the Mark 3. Known-groups validity was evaluated using age- and gender-stratified mean scores and health condition impact estimates. Condition impact estimates were created using ordinary least squares regression in which a summary score was regressed on age, gender, and a single health condition. The coefficient for the health condition is the estimated effect on the preference score of having a condition vs. not having it. Convergent validity was evaluated using Pearson correlations between PROPr and other summary scores. Results The sample consisted of 983 respondents from the PROPr Estimation Survey and 3,000 from the Profiles-HUI survey. Age- and gender-stratified mean PROPr scores were lower than EQ-5D and HUI scores, with fewer subjects having scores corresponding to perfect health on the PROPr. In the PROPr Estimation survey, all 11 condition impact estimates were statistically significant using PROPr, 8 were statistically significant by the EQ-5D, 7 were statistically significant by HUI Mark 2, and 9 were statistically significant by HUI Mark 3. In the Profiles-HUI survey, all 21 condition impact estimates were statistically significant using summary scores from all three scoring systems. In these samples, the correlations between PROPr and the other summary measures ranged from 0.67 to 0.70. Conclusions These results provide evidence of construct validity for PROPr using samples from the US general population.
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    Overbuilt and Underserving: An Evaluation of Patterson St. in Eugene, Oregon
    (University of Oregon, 2022) Hess, Rachel; Schlossberg, Marc; Rhodes, Shane; Hinkle, Lindsay
    Two-lane one-way streets like Patterson St. in Eugene, Oregon are overbuilt to support car users and underserve a significant market of community members who cannot, or do not want to drive. The public right-of-way on two-lane, one way, streets is designed to maximize the throughput of automobiles and detracts from other street users’ ability to use alternative modes of transportation like walking, biking, and busing. In this study, an evaluation of Patterson St. was conducted to understand if the two-lane, one-way, streets with parking on either side enhances the mobility, accessibility, and quality of life of those who live adjacent to it and travel it frequently. The evaluation included a street user count, a survey distributed to Spencerview Apartment residents and YMCA members, and a focus group. The street user count showed that Patterson St. is dominated by car users (93% of users). The survey showed that people would rather take more trips by biking, walking, and busing, but choose to drive for safety and convenience reasons. Survey takers and focus group participants identified that Patterson St. is a barrier to accessing their community and if the street supported more suitable transportation options, they would take more trips by biking, walking, and busing, and be less dependent on their car. Focus group participants noted that they were forced to adapt to the infrastructure on Patterson St. by buying cars and biking on the sidewalk. Most notably participants thought that their quality of life would significantly improve if their transportation needs and preferences were supported by the transportation infrastructure on Patterson St.
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    Policy Brief: Shared Mobility, Autonomous Vehicles, and GHG Emissions
    (University of Oregon, 2022-08) Steckler, Becky; Hess, Rachel; Larco, Nico
    This policy brief summarizes some of the key findings from a comprehensive literature review (submitted for publication) on the impact of shared mobility services and GHG emissions.