Historic Preservation Terminal Projects

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Open Access
Preservation Perspectives: Cultural Resource Meaning, Memory, and Management at Casa Grande Ruins and Hohokam Pima National Monuments, Arizona
(University of Oregon, 2024) Beesley, Caitlin R.
Managing cultural resources in our modern world can be a delicate balance, where cultural resource managers bridge the past and the future amid the omnipresent atmosphere of contemporary financial, societal, and political pressure. Adding to this pressure is a demand from professionals or the public for unfettered access to tangible resources. Preservationists generally view tangible resources, the physical pieces of history, as the best way to interpret cultural and historical significance to an unfamiliar audience, who aren’t always able to grasp the intangible value of these resources—non-material experiences or traditions—absent a physical object to envelope them. The methods with which CR managers preserve and display tangible pieces of history is informed by their cultural perspectives; these methods say as much about how managers define cultural resources as it does the role of preservation in cultural heritage. This paper will explore cultural resource management using two sites to discuss larger themes of cultural resource definition and value. The sites in question: Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, managed by the National Park Service (NPS), and Hohokam Pima National Monument, overseen by the Gila River Indian Community (GRIC). Both preserve landscapes and infrastructure from a period of civilization in the Sonoran Desert of Southern Arizona known as Hohokam Culture. Each agency approaches management and preservation from different perspectives, leading to the paper’s general question: What can the different preservation efforts at Casa Grande Ruins and Hohokam Pima National Monuments tell us about cultural resource management?
Open Access
To Scrape or Not to Scrape? Writing a Preservation Plan for the Patterson-McDermott Cabin
(University of Oregon, 2024) Davis, Phebe
Using scrape versus anti - scrape theories, a preservation plan is written for the Patterson - McDermott Cabin. These applications of these theories in current day preservation practices are debated, wherein scrape theory is to rehabilitate a building regardless of its state, and anti - scrape theory is a maintenance only approach. Instead of a spectrum of scrape versus anti - scrape, these theories should be viewed rather as a timeline: starting with anti - scrape theory (maintenance) and transition ing to scrape (rehabilitation) as the building deteriorates. Both theories are applicable to the Patterson - McDermott Cabin, but the structure mostly falls into scrape territory. The cabin serves as an example of what can happen to a building once anti - scrape theory and maintenance are no longer a priority.
Open Access
Something in the Way: Interpreting Historical Frictions on the Upper Klamath River
(University of Oregon, 2024) Wylie, Samuel
On November 17, 2022, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved the surrender of licenses to operate four hydroelectric dams on the Upper Klamath River.2 Their approval, conveyed in a written order and filed alongside millions of documents in FERC’s E-Library, had historic implications. The order was the result of decades of negotiations influenced by stakeholders with concerns as large as the regional economy and as small as the view from their kitchen window. The final order conveys this recent history glancingly since most concerns were hashed out in a series of documents in the preceding decade. Its aim and implications were clear, however: The Klamath River Renewal Corporation (KRRC), who inherited the hydroelectric licenses a year earlier, wanted to surrender their right to operate the facilities. Their decision initiated a monumental effort to remove the infrastructure from the river’s path and is currently the world’s largest dam demolition project to date.
Open Access
Remember Where You Came From
(University of Oregon, 2023) Tsolakos, Dylan Ray
The goal of this book is to demystify historic preservation for communities interested in potentially designating their own historic industrial sites. It will also benefit those interested in industrial history, and historic preservation professionals. The companion booklet does a deep dive into historic preservation terminology, framework, and funding options for reference. Topics include the use of historic preservation terminology, the invention of United States heritage and the historical perceptions of the working class, historic significance and industrial landscapes, the history of graffiti and how it ties into industrial preservation, and an economic resources guide. This user-friendly format allows readers to refer to the history, theory, and definitions; focus on the policies and solutions; or utilize any combination the reader finds most useful. The examples demonstrated are meant to showcase tangible strategies and the problem-solving methods used by different institutions, with a focus on how they personally decided to develop and interpret their own industrial heritage with public use of the site in mind. Often, comprehending the designation of historic sites can be limited by academic and institutional rules, regulations, and shop talk. Despite the process of nominating historic sites being open to the public, knowledge regarding the information and resources contained in this book is too often unknown, creating an unbalanced representation of the diversity of communities. Therefore, the systems of historic interpretation, historic preservation legal framework, and development will be explored in the companion book. Transparency and education about methods are important for each communities’ ability to use the information provided in this book to decentralize knowledge from the hands of “experts” and to provide an intro to the knowledge and tools for people to share their own histories and make their own community decisions. I hope that further representation of industrial communities’ histories empowers those communities and aids in sharing their complete history. Challenges come with compressing an incredibly complex topic and that will result in gaps of information. There are so many more sites, towns, and people impacted by the industrial past. There is always room for improvement and hopefully this will just be the first edition of this title, augmented by future communities, authors, contributors, resources, research, and interpretations.
Open Access
Foundational Growth: The Role of California Women's Clubs in Community Building, Historic Preservation and Environmental Conservation
(University of Oregon, 2023-06) Possert, Nicole Y.
Starting in the late 1980s, I lived in the Highland Park community of Los Angeles for nearly thirty years. Over half of that time, I helped infuse new energy into the landmark Highland Park Ebell Club (HPEC), one of the oldest surviving women’s clubs in Los Angeles. (Figure 1.) That two-decade journey of service, continuing the legacy of many previous generations of local women who envisioned, built, and sustained their community, led me to this research. The gendered space of the HPEC’s “Clubhouse” and its distinct and lasting presence in Highland Park piqued my interest in the unexplored role of women in society and how they shaped community both physically and socially. The work and contribution of these women, through their club and in collaboration with other women, can be experienced in the built environment well beyond the clubhouse they built. They shaped their community’s landscape by preserving nature as parkland, creating playgrounds, libraries, museums, building theirown residences and landscaping, and actively working to preserve and conserve places in and beyond their locale in the name of community service. Today these advocacy actions are considered historic preservation and environmental conservation activities and fall within the broader umbrella of place making/ keeping. These women and their accomplishments within the women’s club ecosystem are relatively unknown and certainly undervalued in today’s academic and professional discourse about the important role of women in community building, historic preservation, and environmental conservation. In this terminal project, I expand the knowledge and importance of these untold histories by uncovering and shedding new light on the contributions of women’s clubs in California.
Open Access
Taking Shelter from the Rain: Exploring Trailside Shelters in Olympic National Park
(University of Oregon, 2023-06) Wisernig, Adeline
Shelters along the trail system of what is now Olympic National Park (the Park) have been a dry place to rest for employees and the public alike since they were constructed beginning in the early 1900s. They began as an integral component for sheltering workers tasked with monitoring the vast Olympic forest and the natural resources of timber and game therein. Today, they continue to be used by Park employees as well as by the ever-growing number of Wilderness visitors each year. Of the over ninety that once stood in boundaries of the Park, only nineteen remain as of 2023. This project outlines the history of the development of the trailside shelter network in the Park as well as the legal issues surrounding the preservation of those that remain. From there, the project elaborates on the various shelter typologies and their unique construction styles in the larger context of National Park Service conventions of their time. Furthermore, the project proposes evaluating the Historic Trail Network of Olympic National Park—including the trailside shelters as contributing features—as a cultural landscape resource that is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Lastly, the project explores how the preservation of historic structures in designated Wilderness offers the opportunity to preserve more intangible aspects of our nation’s heritage in the form of the traditional trades such as the preservation carpentry and masonry.
Open Access
Beyond City Beautiful: Interpreting Cultural Landscapes at the International Rose Test Garden and Laurelhurst Park in Portland, Oregon
(University of Oregon, 2023-06) Tran, Lindsay
Historical interpretation (alternately referred to in this research as “heritage interpretation and “public interpretation”) often limits the narratives that are highlighted for public consumption in places of historical importance. I argue via discussion of cultural landscape theory and material rhetoric (the idea that discourse is material, i.e. that beyond content, the format of a piece of communication carries a rhetorical power of its own) that such limitations are a choice, not an inevitability—especially with cultural landscapes, which thanks to their relationship with time are historic resources of a particularly dynamic character. Treating public parks as cultural landscapes that evolve over time, rather than as historic sites wedded to a discrete period of significance, allows for a more flexible interpretation of their historical meaning. When parks are treated as cultural landscapes, their significance to many people and many groups throughout history presents as a coherent narrative, rather than a haphazard and seemingly unrelated collection of events. Using the inductive process of grounded theory as a methodological approach, I critically examine the extant interpretive infrastructure in two case studies, Laurelhurst Park and the International Rose Test Garden. I explore the material form of each park’s historical interpretation as a series of rhetorical choices, and then suggest expansions based on each park’s respective history and the material rhetoric of the existing interpretive infrastructure.
Open Access
ONWARD HISTORIC PRESERVATION! EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF NEW CONSTRUCTION THROUGH LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA): A POLICY PERSPECTIVE
(University of Oregon, 2016) Wheeler, Terra Ettrick
The initial motivation for this project was the desire to root academic research and knowledge in practical application. After living in Portland, Oregon for ten years I began to witness the destruction of historic resources in the inner Southeast Hosford - Abernethy neighborhood. Before this experience of demolitions, I was sheltered from the destruction of old buildings. I learned to appreciate the musty smell of an old basement and peeling paint at an early age. Growing up in Northampton, Massachusetts I was privileged to be protected from the devastation of demolition. Many years later after moving to Portland I fell in love with old buildings all over again. I began to question the contradiction between the city's touted progressive policies and the destruction of existing buildings without consideration of the environmental impact. This project is an attempt to answer this long-held question; using scholarship to move from conceptual understanding to solidifying observations and experience through production of measurable impacts.
Open Access
DEVELOPING A PROPOSED HISTORICAL RESEARCH MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR HISTORIC OREGON FURNITURE
(University of Oregon, 1994-06) Sutherland, Ross E.
For nearly a century Oregon museums and private collectors have preserved and exhibited historic Oregon furniture. The documentation of Oregon's historic furniture industry, however, has not kept pace with ongoing documentation projects in other areas of the country. These projects may involve extensive document searches and photographic surveys of extant pieces. To expedite the documentation of historic Oregon furniture, by maximizing the expenditure of human and financial resources, this thesis proposes a Historical Research Management Plan. The proposed plan is subdivided into six phases which reflect ever deepening levels of historic documentation. The phase sequencing guides researchers from objective data collection to subjective evaluation and interpretation, of historic Oregon furniture, using selected documentation strategies for historic furniture in public museums. Since documenting historic Oregon furniture at a state level is currently impractical, this plan may be applied to specific geographic areas and time periods in building toward this broader documentary goal.
Open Access
HOUSING FOR AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT: A NEW COMMUNITY FOR OLD TOWN PORTLAND
(University of Oregon, 1972-08-10) Roth, Teresa Foley
Cities have traditionally been dynamic places of diversity and opportunity. This century, however, has seen a steady urban to suburban migration by the middle economic class. They have left the cities to the few rich and the many poor. The populations from disappearing rural America have continued to come to the big cities the hopes of a better life; Too often only to find themselves existing in overcrowded ghettos under the harsh impersonal grip of poverty. The drain of middle income taxpayers has led to the drain of city government coffers. The poor, who cannot pay, live in a city that cannot support them. Public services such as garbage, St. care, law enforcement, even parks disintegrate as the process of decay begins. The regeneration of our cities will not come with massive urban renewal or government aid. It will come with the return and reintegration of people into the total fabric of city life. As it is now, the central city bustles during the day with commerce and activity but it is deserted at evening as the commuters returned to their homes on the outskirts. Cities at night are being left to the poor and the criminal.
Open Access
THE PRESERVATION OF PRE-WORLD WAR TWO COAST GUARD ARCHITECTURE IN OREGON
(University of Oregon, 2000-06) Pinyerd, David A.
The core mission of the United States Life-Saving Service, later to become the United States Coast Guard, has always been to rescue the victims of shipwreck. To serve this mission, coastal rescue stations were built by the government to house men and equipment engaged in rescue operations. The first station in Oregon was built at Cape Arago in 1878. By the beginning of World War II, the government had built fifteen distinct stations at eight different ports along the Oregon Coast. The evaluation and preservation of these stations along the Oregon Coast has been negligible. This thesis explores the development of each individual station in Oregon. The preservation of each station is then examined by discussing restoration, maintenance, adaptive reuse, and interpretative possibilities for each one.
Open Access
A DOCUMENTATION AND RESTORATION PLAN FOR THE FIRST CHRISTIAN ADVENT CHURCH IN JOHN DAY, OREGON
(University of Oregon, 1991-12) Netch, Timothy Francis
The First Christian Advent Church is a late Carpenters Gothic building constructed in John Day, Oregon in 1900. The building was designed and possibly built by Samuel Bayliss Hope, about whom little is known. The church is most remarkable for the profusion of ornament on its exterior and interior. The moldings are a very late manifestation of hand-planed decoration. This study documents the building, and also makes extensive recommendations for its restoration. The church is in moderately good condition both physically and historically, though there_ are numerous problems which will require intervention. Recommendations are intended to return the building to its 1900 appearance. The guidelines are technical in nature, and include the re-milling of moldings, reinforcement of the roof structure, foundation wall repair, and refinishing of interior surfaces.
Open Access
SUSTAINING CULTURAL CONTEXTS IN THE CASCADIA BIOREGION: APPLYING THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR'S STANDARDS FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO PROCESSES
(University of Oregon, 1998-03) Meacham, Matthew Andy
Cultural resources such as buildings or landscapes degrade, disintegrate, or disappear when the processes which created and sustained them are interrupted or discontinued. These processes may respond to interventions usually intended for artifacts. This hypothesis is tested by applying the Secretary of the Interior's Guidelines for the Treatment of Historic Properties to processes which have created and sustained a resource of accepted cultural significance: The Government Mineral Springs, in the Wind River and Columbia River watersheds. The preservation principles are examined, and processes described. Principles are then matched to appropriate processes. These applications demonstrate that culturally significant artifacts and contexts can be protected by using modifications of existing tools and methodologies to address those processes which created and sustain the artifacts and contexts.
Open Access
A PROPOSAL FOR THE PRESERVATION OF EARLY WESTERN ARCHITECTURE IN SEOUL, KOREA
(University of Oregon, 1990-06) Lee, Sohyun Park
Early Western architecture generally refers to buildings shaped by Western influences built during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when Korea opened its doors to the West and confronted Western culture for the first time. Compared to traditional Korean architecture, early Western architecture is not yet fully accepted as a part of Korean culture, partly because of its bad association with the colonial period, 1910-1945. However, this architecture represents characteristics of late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Korean society. To understand the development of modern Korea, early Western architecture deserves more attention. This thesis can be regarded as a preliminary proposal for a new national register system which advocates the preservation of early Western buildings in Seoul, Korea. This proposed new national register system is coupled with analysis and suggestions for legislation, administration, implementation, and incentives of the existing register system. The thesis, which focuses on the preservation of early Western buildings, can be directed toward the preservation of other significant cultural properties of the modern era and recent Korean history. The role of the private sector in preservation and structure of preservation education that produces future preservationists should be further investigated.
Open Access
ANALYSIS AND REHABILITATION OF THE COZINE HOUSE McMINNVILLE, OREGON
(University of Oregon, 1987) Lakin, Kimberly
The Cozine House is a Queen Anne style house built in 1892 by Samuel and Mahala Cozine, an Oregon pioneer family. The house is located at the western edge of the historic commercial core on Third Street in McMinnville, Oregon. The house is recognized as a rank A property on the City's Cultural Resource Inventory because of its association with Samuel and Mahala Cozine. It is also noted as a good example of the Queen Anne style within the City of McMinnville. The Cozines are significant to the history of McMinnville as they were one of the first three families to settle in the area. They are also important for their generous contribution of land to McMinnville College, now known as Linfield College, which led to the establishment of this fine school which has a nationally respected reputation.
Open Access
IN THE SHADOW OF NEAHKAHNIE: NORTHWEST REGIONAL STYLE BEGINNINGS
(University of Oregon, 199-06) Kadas, Marianne Hakanson
This thesis is the study of the North Oregon coastal community of Neahkahnie, its history and the events leading up to its development, the subsequent summer artist colony, and the early architecture as designed by members of this summer group. It discusses the antecedents of these structures and their accommodations to site and available materials. Individuals important in this 1912 to 1916 period were: A. E. Doyle, designer of four early cottages at Neahkahnie, and Ellis F. Lawrence, designer of the Neahkahnie Tavern and one cottage. Both were Portland, Oregon, architects. Finally, the thesis documents the early expressions of the Northwest Regional Style, as illustrated in domestic architecture. Two later architects, among several, who refined the Northwest Regional style and whose work typifies the style were Pietro Belluschi and John Yeon. The development and true flowering of the Northwest Regional Style began in the late 1930s.
Open Access
HISTORY AND PRESERVATION OF STAINED GLASS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST: THE POVEY BROS. GLASSCO. OFPORTLAND, OREGON
(University of Oregon, 1999-12) Heald, Leslie S.
This thesis examines the operations of the Povey Bros. stained glass studio, active in Portland, Oregon from 1888 to 1929, within the context of historic American stained glass. The design and manufacturing processes used by Povey Bros. are described in detail through the analysis of period texts, historic photographs and a probate inventory compiled in 1924. The thesis concludes with a case study of the First Christian Church in Eugene, Oregon, a 1911 church containing many Povey windows. The case study includes a condition assessment of the windows at the First Christian Church and recommendations for the preservation of historic stained glass windows.
Open Access
HISTORIC LOOKOUT STATIONS ON THE WILLAMETTE NATIONAL FOREST: MANAGEMENT PLANS FOR PRESERVATION
(University of Oregon, 2022) Hartmans, Donna Marie
The United States Forest Service constructed over 5,000 lookout stations to guard forests, beginning in the early 1900s. The Forest Service deemed these structures obsolete and began destroying them when other methods of fire detection were adopted by the 1960s. In the 1980s, many public interest groups encouraged the Forest Service to preserve these buildings. This thesis explores the history of the Forest Service's lookout system, focusing on the Willamette National Forest in west central Oregon for case studies. Relevant legislation regarding their preservation, and issues and options for future uses of the Forest's four historic lookout stations are discussed. Methodology includes a literature search, site visits, and interviews with Forest Service officials to ascertain management goals for these buildings. Preservation recommendations are provided for each structure. Emphasis is also given to the public involvement necessary in the preservation of these structures.
Open Access
REREADING THE LIBRARY: A CULTURAL CONSERVATION APPROACH TO DETERMINING THE ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ENOCH PRATT FREE LIBRARY, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
(University of Oregon, 2007-12) Flathman, Jennifer L.
The 1932 Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore, Maryland, marked a turning point in library design by employing architectural features that supported a service goal of inspiring public use, prompting changes in libraries throughout America. Libraries and the Preservation movement share common development patterns, having evolved from narrow cultural agendas to an emphasis on materials, and now addressing broader social issues. Thus, the institution invites an examination of the expansion of the Historic Preservation field from its traditional emphasis on the tangible evidence of the past. A shift in the discipline to a conservation approach predicated upon civic involvement, integrated planning, and impermanent design strategies can preserve our communities as well as the aesthetic features of landmark buildings. The project examines the preservation accomplishments of this cultural and architectural landmark and provides conservation-oriented strategies to assist the library in remaining a vital center of community connection for the city.
Open Access
GAMBLING AS A TOOL FOR FUNDING SMALL TOWN PRESERVATION: A CASE STUDY OF DEADWOOD, SOUTH DAKOTA
(University of Oregon, 1995-03) Dennis, Michelle L.
Traditionally, small towns have been at a disadvantage in funding historic preservation efforts as most federal and state funding programs tend to focus on projects in urban areas. Because small towns are an important form of American community, funding the preservation of historic resources and character defining features which make small towns desirable is essential. This study examines the use and results of legalized gambling as a tool to fund small town preservation, using Deadwood, South Dakota as a case study. A literature review defines what small towns are and why they should be preserved, as well as preservation issues, including planning, resource identification, and funding. The implementation of gambling in Deadwood, preservation management issues, gambling-funded projects and impacts on the community are discussed, as are successes and failures associated with this method of funding. Using Deadwood's experience, implications and guidelines for other communities are discussed.