Dissociation

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https://hdl.handle.net/1794/1129

The official journal of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (ISSTD), published between 1988 and 1997. The current official journal of ISSTD is the Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. Members of the University of Oregon community can access the Journal of Trauma & Dissociation online.

A print copy of this journal is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT RC553.D5 D57

We appreciate the support for this digitization project by Jennifer Freyd, PhD; Frank Putnam, MD; Richard Kluft, MD; Catherine Fine, PhD; Ruth Blizard, PhD; and ISSD.

If errors are found in any file or the description of any file, users are kindly requested to contact the Scholars' Bank Coordinator, at the University of Oregon Libraries.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 434

Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 000 : Cover, table of contents
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1989-03)
Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 218-221 : Animal alters: case reports
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Hendrickson, Kate M.; McCarty, Teresita; Goodwin, Jean, 1946-
Five cases of multiple personality disorder (MPD) are presented which include one or more animal alters of differing complexity. In some cases, the development of the animal alter could be traced to childhood traumata involving (1) being forced to act or live like an animal, (2) witnessing animal mutilation, (3) being forced to engage in or witness bestiality, or (4) experiencing the traumatic loss of or killing of an animal. Clinical clues to the animal alter phenomenon that emerge during therapy are (1) over-identification with an animal, (2) hearing animal calls, (3) excessive fears of animals, (4) excessive involvement with a pet, and (5) cruelty to animals. Therapeutic work with animal alters may be a helpful or necessary preliminary to retrieval of underlying memories about the torture or killing of animals or human beings, and can be essential to the integration of such memories and to self-forgiveness.
Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 222-233 : Multiple personality, altered states and virtual reality: the world simulation process approach
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Tart, Charles T., 1937-
A new technological model of consciousness is that of computer-generated virtual reality. By wearing goggles containing color TV sets and earphones, a computer can control a person's main sensory input, coordinating it with actual body movements tracked by sensors, giving the "traveler" a virtual body that can interact with virtual objects. More than one person can enter the same virtual reality and interact with other travelers there. Given psychological identification, a virtual reality can quickly become an almost total reality. Developing applications, such as those in architecture, are discussed. Contemporary neurology and psychology show that we already live in one or more internal virtual realities, generated by neurological and psychological processes. Stable patterns, stabilized systems of these internal virtual realities, constitute states of consciousness, our ordinary personality, and multiple personalities. Computer-generated virtual realities offer intriguing possibilities for developing diagnostic, inductive, psychotherapeutic and training techniques that can extend and supplement current ones.
Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 216-217 : Commentary: ICD-10 and beyond
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Coons, Philip M.
Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 214-215 : Dissociating Dissociation: a commentary on Dr. Garcia's article
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Spiegel, David, 1945-
Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 209-213 : Comments on Dr. Garcia's article
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Young, Walter C.
Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 204-208 : The concept of dissociation and conversion in the new edition of the international classification of diseases (ICD-10)
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Orengo Garcia, Francisco
In this article, the author discusses the changes in the new edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) related to dissociative and conversion disorders. He comments on the elimination of the concept of hysteria, the introduction of a new group of dissociative (neurotic) disorders and the creation of a new category of organic (dissociative) conversion disorders. The author discusses the differences and similarities of the current edition in regard to the previous (ICD-9) and the influence of the DSM-III-R on the ICD-10.
Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 179-187 : Adolescent MPD in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Bowman, Elizabeth S.
Although modern literature refers to cases of adolescent MPD only since 1956, six cases were reported between 1823 and 1926. This article summarizes the case reports of these patients and compares them to modern reports of MPD in adolescence. The early patients were older, were 50 % female, and had a maximum of three reported personalities. While some symptoms have remained constant over time, the symptom profiles of early and modern adolescent patients are somewhat different. Early patients frequently switched personalities upon awakening from sleep, had dramatic fainting spells, more complete mutual amnesias, more conversion symptoms, more prominent hazy trances, and less depression. Sexual abuse was reported in two cases but authors were very reticent to discuss it and did not recognize it as an etiologic factor. Even though early authors were neurologically focused, rarely explored psychodynamics, and offered mostly physical treatments, five of six patients had symptom remissions of greater than one year.
Embargo
Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 195-203 : The legal defense of persons with the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Savitz, David B.
This paper is based on the experience of a trial attorney who spent more than six years representing a young man accused of killing his parents. After being diagnosed as suffering from multiple personality disorder (MPD), issues regarding that defendant 's sanity and competency were litigated extensively. What became painfully obvious during that experience is that the defense of MPD is in its infancy stages and that there are only a handful of appellate decisions which discuss the disorder in the context of criminal responsibility. The decisions, however, do not articulate a sophisticated understanding of the disorder and for the most part are very restrictive in their analyses. Issues of insanity were normally couched in terms of the mental state of the perpetrating alter as opposed to the accused 's mind as a whole. In one case, lip service was paid to an accused 's amnesia with respect to the issue of competency. No reported case found a defendant insane or incompetent. The author describes the various legal tests that may exist throughout the country with respect to these mental conditions. He suggests arguments to be made to convince a factfinder that the accused meets these tests and highlights counter-arguments that may be anticipated on behalf of the adversary. Finally, he outlines the types of evidence that should be amassed for the successful defense of one suffering from this controversial mental disorder.
Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 177-178 : Factitious disorder (Munchausen type) involving allegations of ritual satanic abuse: a case report
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Coons, Philip M.; Grier, Finlay
A 25-year-old woman was hospitalized after threatening suicide. She alleged that she had been the victim of ritual Satanic abuse. A careful evaluation including history-taking, clinical observation, request for collateral information, and psychological testing not only failed to corroborate her story, but pointed instead to a diagnosis of factitious disorder of the Munchausen type.
Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 000 : Cover, table of contents
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12)
Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 175-176 : Editorial
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Kluft, Richard P., 1943-
Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 188-194 : Education domains and andragogical approaches in teaching psychotherapists about MPD
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Kluft, Richard P., 1943-
Didactic efforts in educating students and colleagues about multiple personality disorder (MPD) often begin with rather traditional attempts to convey a body of didactic knowledge, and assume that they prepare the student learner to begin his or her clinical work. In fact, although such approaches are traditional and reasonably effective, they are perforce limited. Educators divide the goals of education into three domains: cognitive, attitudinal, and instrumental. Also, adult learners tend to absorb material best when it is oriented toward problem-solving rather than the communication of information and abstract concepts. Therefore, teaching professional students and graduate therapists ideally should address the several domains and include a large portion of material presented with the several principles of adult learning born in mind. This presentation will begin with a review of approaches used to educate therapists about MPD, and then focus on techniques to bring about learning with regard to the condition and its treatment within an andragogical frame of reference.
Open Access
Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 058-062 : Childhood trauma, adult trauma, and dissociation
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Pearson, Michelle Lee
This paper studies the relationship among childhood trauma, recent trauma, and dissociation. Literature has suggested that early trauma may lead to dissociation. It was hypothesized that dissociation, including symptoms associated with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), would be more prevalent in those survivors of childhood abuse who were later traumatized in adulthood. Seventy-five female subjects completed a survey protocol. Subjects who experienced both early and recent trauma were more dissociative and endorsed more symptoms consistent with DID.
Open Access
Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 2, p. 110-117 : Measuring and discriminating dissociative and borderline symptomatology among women with eating disorders
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-06) Gleaves, David H.; May, Mary C.; Eberenz, Kathleen P.
To examine the reliability and validity of instruments designed to measure dissociative and borderline symptoms among persons with eating disorders, we administered two indices of dissociative symptoms along with two indices of borderline, depressive, and bulimic symptoms to a sample of 100 women diagnosed as having an eating disorder. We examined internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and factor structure of the instrument/constructs. There was a high degree of convergence between the two dissociation scales (r = .70) and moderate correlations between the dissociation scales and one of the borderline scales. However, the two borderline scales were not highly correlated with one another, calling into question their construct validity. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis also supported the validity of the dissociation scales but failed to identify a distinct borderline factor. These results supported the construct validity of the dissociation scales but failed to support the validity of the borderline scales.
Open Access
Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 054-057 : Factor analytic investigation of the WAIS-R among patients with dissociative psychopathology
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Schwartz, David R.; Rossini, Edward D.; Braun, Bennett G.; Stein, Gerald M.
The factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) was examined among 133 participants diagnosed with a dissociative disorder. The results of two and three factor orthogonal solutions with varimax rotation were obtained. The two and three factor solutions were consistent with traditional factor analytic studies with Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Organization in the two factor solution, and Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, and Freedom from Distractibility in the three factor solution. This is the only factor analytic investigation using the WAIS-R to study a dissociative population.
Open Access
Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 044-053: The intrusion of early implicit memory into adult consciousness
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Cozolino, Louis J.
Through the first few years of life the central and peripheral nervous systems grow in an exuberant, non-linear progression through a series of structures, organizations, and reorganizations. Evolving sensory, memory, and appraisal systems result in transitory modes of processing which are incorporated, superseded, and/or inhibited by later developing systems. Because of these complexities, little is understood about the phenomenology of early experience and its impact on adult functioning. The present paper hypothesizes about some aspects of early experience and memory and their possible intrusion into adult awareness, using, as an example, reported alien abduction experiences. These experiences are explained as the reinstatement of primordial memories of early caretaking which are misperceived as occurring in the present and interpreted by later developing, socially influenced cortical mechanisms of language and memory.
Open Access
Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 038-043 : The overlap between dissociative and obsessive-compulsive disorders: a theoretical link
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Pica, Michael; Beere, Don; Maurer, Lara
The psychological literature reveals a comorbidity between dissociative and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The exact nature of this relationship, however, remains unknown (Steinberg, 1993) . This paper offers one explanation by linking the manifestation of dissociative and obsessive-compulsive symptoms to rigidity in the spontaneous organization and integration of cognitive/perceptual experience. While the authors acknowledge there are most likely other factors contributing to this complex relationship, they believe that the dissociative and obsessive's inability to attend to new facts, respond to changes in the environment, and assimilate/accommodate peripheral information into pre-existing schemas about the self and the world may begin to explain some of their clinical overlap in perception, cognition, and behavior.
Open Access
Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 029-037 : Relations between the DES and two MMPI-2 dissociation scales
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Hansen, Cheri; Gold, Steven N.
This study examines relationships between two MMPI-2 screening instruments for dissociative symptoms, the North Carolina Dissociation Index (NCDI) and Phillips Dissociation Scale (PDS), and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) in a clinical sample of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. The DES and MMPI-2 were completed by 138 women and 22 men. Correlations between the NCDI, PDS, and DES total, factor (amnesia, absorption/imaginative involvement, and derealization/depersonalization), and taxon (DES-T) scores were calculated for men and women . The NCDI and PDS were positively correlated; however, neither correlated with DES among either men or women. The PDS was positively correlated with the DES amnesia factor and DES -T in men ; however, internal consistency of the PDS was quite low for men in our sample (.65). No significant correlations were found between the PDS and DES in women. Results do not support the use of either the PDS or NCDI as a screening instrument for dissociative symptomatology in adults with histories of childhood sexual abuse.
Open Access
Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 2, p. 080-090 : On the treatment of traumatic memories of DID patients: always? never? sometimes? now? later?
(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-06) Kluft, Richard P., 1943-
Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) have been overwhelmed by early life events. However, their recollections of those events may become distorted in the course of their registration, retention, and retrieval of those events, and the processing of those recalled events may itself prove so difficult that efforts to do so risk retraumatizating them rather facilitating their growth. The integration of the DID patient's identity appears to require the working through his or her traumatic memories, however flawed with respect to historical accuracy and however emotionally unsettling work with such memories may be. Drawing upon a stage-oriented view of the treatment process and data from DTMI (Dimensions of Therapeutic Movement Instrument) research, I will offer pragmatic guidelines with which to address the questions posed to me by the organizers of the Amsterdam Congress: Should we treat the traumatic memories of DID patients - Always? Never? Sometimes? Now? Later?