Condon, David

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Browsing Condon, David by Subject "Big Five"

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    An Organizational Framework for the Psychological Individual Differences: Integrating the Affective, Cognitive, and Conative Domains
    (2014-12) Condon, David M.
    Recognition of the importance of individual differences dates back to humanity’s oldest surviving texts yet the scientific study of individual differences has been surprisingly limited. This paradox is presumed to result from the fact that differential psychology has struggled to graduate beyond pre-paradigmatic status as a science. In part, this has stemmed from the tendency to align idiographic approaches with the largely nomothetic methods of differential psychology under the broad label of “personality” research. The struggle has shifted – and, to some extent, abated – following acceptance of the Big Five taxonomy of personality and the more pressing concern has recently been the need to incorporate findings from additional disciplines of differential psychology. The purpose of this research was to propose an integrated assessment model – a preliminary paradigm which can be tested against extant and future models of individual differences in terms of predictive utility for a wide range of behaviors. The procedures used to develop this model are described separately by discipline (temperament, cognitive ability and vocational interests) and are supplemented by a methodological study regarding item clusters and complexity. All analyses were based on Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment sampling procedures and large international samples (N s ranged from 24,000 to 97,000 participants representing 170 to 199 countries). The proposed temperament scales were iteratively derived from factor analyses of the items in 8 widely-used public-domain measures and can be scored at three hierarchical levels (with 3, 5 and 15 factors). The case is made that these scales are well-suited for heterarchical assessment and that the heterarchical organization of personality constructs often reflects the manner in which personality models are used in everyday settings. The cognitive ability scales represent a validated public-domain pool of items designed to assess several types of ability in unproctored online settings. The vocational interest scales are derived from two public-domain measures and reflect the traditional six-factor interests framework. Collectively, these scales form an efficient multi-dimensional, multi-disciplinary assessment model (the “SAPA Personality Inventory”) which aims to serve as a preliminary testable paradigm for differential psychology research.
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    Personality Predictors of Emergency Department Post-Discharge Outcomes
    (PsychOpen, 2021-11-22) Atherton, Olivia E.; Willroth, Emily C.; Schwaba, Ted; Goktan, Ayla J.; Graham, Eileen K.; Condon, David M.; Rao, Mitesh B.; Mroczek, Daniel K.
    Personality traits are important predictors of health behaviors, healthcare utilization, and health outcomes. However, we know little about the role of personality traits for emergency department outcomes. The present study used data from 200 patients (effective Ns range from 84 to 191), who were being discharged from the emergency department at an urban hospital, to investigate whether the Big Five personality traits were associated with post-discharge outcomes (i.e., filling prescriptions, following up with primary care physician, making an unscheduled return to the emergency department). Using logistic regression, we found few associations among the broad Big Five domains and post-discharge outcomes. However, results showed statistically significant associations between specific Big Five items (e.g., “responsible”) and the three post-discharge outcomes. This study demonstrates the feasibility of assessing personality traits in an emergency medicine setting and highlights the utility of having information about patients’ personality tendencies for predicting post-discharge compliance.
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    Running head: COLLECTING LIFE NARRATIVE DATACapturing the stories of our lives: Examining the collection of life narrative data
    (PsyArXiv, 2018-01-21) Guo, Jen; Weston, Sara J.; Condon, David M.
    Objective: Do different methods for collecting life narratives – the integrated, autobiographical construction of the past and imagined future – produce similar lexical features and relationships to personality traits? The present study compares accounts from an in-person and online sample on measures of word categories, narrative themes and their relationships with Big Five traits. Method: The first sample (N = 157, mean age = 53.7, 64% female, 55% White, and 43% Black) consisted of narratives gathered in-person and the second (N = 256, mean age = 30.6, 61% female, 70% White, 30% non-White) contained type-written responses to the same prompts from an independent online sample. Participants’ responses to the narrative prompts were coded for thematic redemption and contamination. Results: Tests revealed significant differences between samples in 25 of 63 LIWC word categories. Online participants’ narratives also had higher odds of thematic redemption (but not contamination) above and beyond word count, type of narrative scene, participant demographics, and Big Five traits. Lastly, comparisons revealed no significant differences across the samples’ relationships between personality traits and narrative themes. Conclusion: This research supports conditional assimilation of correlational findings from different narrative methodologies and proposes methodological considerations for future research involving life narratives.
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    The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model
    (2022-07-07) Condon, David M
    The influence of personality on important life outcomes has been widely recognized for thousands of years (Condon, 2014), and the difficulty of its measurement has been vexing for many decades (Galton, 1884; Cattell, 1945; Goldberg, 1981; Ackerman, 2018). The challenge with objective measurement stems from the need for massive amounts of data to account for dynamic interplay between variations in thousands of narrow dispositional traits (aka individual differences in behavior) and the ever-evolving contextual factors inherent to modern living. It is a prototypical “big data” problem. Despite this, dozens of ambitious social scientists have posited a diverse array of personality assessment models. Many of these are heavily imbued with theory, nearly all are focused solely on one domain of personality (e.g., very broad dispositional traits or vocational interests) to the exclusion of others (e.g., cognitive abilities, values, or less generalizable maladaptive behaviors), and most have been derived based on surprisingly small samples drawn from populations that have come to be known as "WEIRD" (Henrich et al., 2010). Simply put, there is widespread need for models that are empirically-grounded in more (and more representative) data. In this manuscript, I demonstrate that it is possible to address the shortcomings of extant theory-driven approaches by combining recent innovations from outside of personality research to empirically derive personality assessment models. This is done by administering a large pool of widely-used public domain items from the International Personality Item Pool (Goldberg et al., 1999) to three large online samples (N > 125,000) using a planned missingness design (Revelle et al., 2016). While the existing "best practices" for developing personality assessment models tends towards several iterative rounds of data collection and analysis guided by theory culminating in publication of only the final product, I have endeavored to make a highly detailed record of all steps followed during the development of the SAPA Personality Inventory in order to encourage feedback regarding critical analytic decisions. This has unfortunately resulted in the production of a book-length manuscript but I hope that this transparency will serve to minimize (even if it does not eliminate) the influence of bias.
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    A SAPA Project Update: On the Structure of phrased Self-Report Personality Items
    (Ubiquity Press, 2017) Condon, David M.; Roney, Ellen; Revelle, William
    Two large samples were collected to evaluate the structure of traits in the temperament domain. In both samples, participants were administered random subsets of public-domain personality items from a larger pool of approximately 700 items. These data broadly cover the most widely used, public-domain measures of personality (though this breadth is not likely free of theoretical bias). When combined with a third, previously-shared dataset that used the same methodological design [4], the sample includes more than 125,000 participants from more than 220 countries and regions. Re-use potential includes many types of structural, correlational, and network analyses of personality and a wide range of demographic and psychographic constructs. The data are available in both rdata and csv formats.
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    Selected personality data from the SAPA-Project: 08Dec2013 to 26Jul2014
    (Harvard Dataverse, 2015) Condon, David M.; Revelle, William
    These data were collected to evaluate the structure of personality constructs in the temperament domain. In the context of modern personality theory, these constructs are typically construed in terms of the Big Five (Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion) though several additional constructs were included here. Approximately 24,000 individuals were administered random subsets of 696 items from 92 public-domain personality scales using the Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment method between December 8, 2013 and July 26, 2014. The data are available in rdata format and are accompanied by documentation stored as a text file. Re-use potential include many types of structural and correlational analyses of personality. (2015-04-13)
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    ItemOpen Access
    Selected personality data from the SAPA-Project: On the structure of phrased self-report items
    (Ubiquity Press, 2015) Condon, David M.; Revelle, William
    These data were collected to evaluate the structure of personality constructs in the temperament domain. In the context of modern personality theory, these constructs are typically construed in terms of the Big Five (Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion) though several additional constructs were included here. Approximately 24,000 individuals were administered random subsets of 696 items from 92 public-domain personality scales using the Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment method between December 8, 2013 and July 26, 2014. The data are available in rdata format and are accompanied by documentation stored as a text file. Re-use potential include many types of structural and correlational analyses of personality.