Historic Preservation Terminal Projects

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Open Access
A Partial Inventory of the Work of Emil Schacht: Architect in Portland, Oregon from 1885-1926
(University of Oregon, 1990-06) Sackett, Patricia Lynn
Emil Schacht, a significant architect in Portland, Oregon from 1885-1926, has been overlooked in the architectural history of Portland . Although Schacht had a prolific career, in which he designed many buildings of varying types and styles, the bulk of his work and in formation a bout his life have been unknown. The existence of original drawings for many Schacht-designed buildings, housed in the Cachot Therkelsen Collection , has provided the opportunity to conduct a partial inventory of a significant portion of Schacht's work. The results of this inventory are included in the Appendix of this thesis. Additional buildings already identified as Schacht designs, as well as those found during the research process, have been included as well. The Cachot Therkelsen Collection includes a representative selection of Schacht's work and has enabled a preliminary study of his influences to be undertaken. Local building trade journals have provided information about Schacht's career. Selected buildings have been discussed in the text of this thesis, as well as biographical information. This thesis, and the information included in the Appendix, will provide information for individuals writing National Register Nominations for Schacht-designed buildings. The partial inventory included in the Appendix will aid in the identification of Schacht- designed buildings not included in local and/or state cultural resource inventories , and to identify those Schacht-designed buildings already included, but not attributed to him. As a result, a significant portion of Portland's architectural heritage will remain for the benefit of future generations.
Open Access
A PRESERVATION GUIDE FOR PARK STRUCTURES BUJLT BY THE CIVIlJAN CONSERVATION CORPS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
(University of Oregon, 2007-03) Brown, Sueann
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was established in 1933 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to provide work for young men who were unemployed due to the Depression and to create a work force for the purpose of conserving natural resources. Part of this initiative was the development of state parks nationwide under the direction of the National Park Service. This thesis addresses the preservation needs of park structures built by the CCC in the Pacific Northwest. It provides a brief overview of the historical context of the CCC labor force that built the structures and the National Park Service Rustic design principles that guided their work. This context demonstrates the cultural resource value of these structures and serves as a basis for the primary focus of this thesis, a Preservation Guide for CCC structures. Structures in Oregon and Washington State Parks provide examples of preservation challenges and recommended treatments.
Open Access
A Study of the Probable Original Layouts, Uses, and Interior Appearance of the Officers' Quarters (HS-11) at American Camp
(University of Oregon, 2005-12-09) Lemchen, Aaron
A study originally prepared for the National Park Service to guide future restoration and interpretation of a c.1859 Military Officers' Quarters located in San Juan Island National Historical Park, Washington State. The building had been modified for residential use after the property was abandoned by the military in 1874. The exterior was restored in 1978 by the National Park Service (NPS) in a way that was incompatible with the modified interior condition of the building, dating from the early twentieth century; the interior of this resource is currently inaccessible to the public. Evidence was developed from contemporary sources including documentation by the Historic American Building Survey (HABS). In addition, original documentation of the site and building were used in combination with current physical investigations to discover locations of former interior walls. Samples of the finishes were recorded and/or physically removed for later analysis. Information about the layering of finishes, current physical investigation and historical documentation was used to construct a matrix documenting the evolution of the building and its finishes. The matrix consists of 6 periods divided into roughly 3 eras: Military, Agricultural, and Park eras. Based on this analysis 4 approaches to the treatment of this resource were identified: (I) Status Quo, (II) Restoration, (III) Study House, (IV) Hybrid Study House / Restoration. Option IV, was the recommended option for the National Park Service to pursue. It is a zoned approach allowing for the restoration of a wall where there is extensive evidence supporting it, while allowing for its spatially incompatible predecessor from the Agricultural era to be removed. The proposed restored wall will be historically sensitive, yet spatially compatible, on the east side of the building. In contrast the west side of the building would be left unmodified, preserving interior finishes from the agricultural era. The goal of this treatment plan is to interpret the historical change over time that has occurred within this resource and the landscape that surrounds it.
Open Access
A STUDY OF THE SPECIAL ASSESSMENT OF HISTORIC PROPERTY PROGRAM IN OREGON
(University of Oregon, 1992-12) Curley, Susan L.
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) (Public Law 89-665, 80 STAT. 915, 16 U.S.C. 470), as amended, is one of the most important federal laws developed to mandate identification and preservation of the nation's cultural resources. I t serves as the enabling legislation for the protection, conservation, and grant-in-aid program for historic resources through the creation of a legal and administrative framework which includes federal, state and local government. The Act and its amendments is administered at the federal level by the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. This legislation has had a significant impact on historic preservation.
Open Access
ACCESSIBILITY RETROFIT GUIDEBOOK: A Resource for Carnegie Library Building Owners to Meet ADA Requirements while Preserving Historic Integrity
(University of Oregon, 2013) Henderson, Stacey Renee
At the turn of the Twentieth century, public libraries were built in communities big and small around the United States as a result of donations from Andrew Carnegie. His philanthropic vision was to turn his "fortune into knowledge, thought, freedom, and power." and providing these libraries was his way of achieving that goal.2 These buildings influenced the development of the public library system, library building design, and they were built in communities that otherwise would not of been able to afford one at the time. In total, there were 2,509 libraries originally built between 1885 and 1920 throughout the world, and many are still standing today. 3 In order for these buildings to continue to support their communities and tell their stories, they need to be updated to comply with modern demands and building regulations. A common challenge Carnegie library build- ings face is that their original designs are not compliant with current accessibility laws and codes such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Although many of these buildings no longer operate as libraries, most still serve the public in one way or another; therefore, performing accessibility retrofits is essential and ensures that all building users are provided the same experience and services.
Open Access
ADAPTIVE USE: THE EVALUATION OF HISTORIC URBAN MARKETPLACES
(University of Oregon, 1983) Holtz, Paul Anderson
This is a study on adaptive use both as a concept and as a functioning form of architectural practice. The primary vehicle for the discussion of adaptive use has been the historic urban marketplace. Of the markets selected for discussion, the Faneuil Hall Markets of Boston , Massachusetts and the Pike Place Markets of Seattle, Washington have been emphasized. iii The analysis of the historic urban marketplace was directed toward three primary concerns; societal (community needs) , operational (function), and architectural (Physical elements). The investigation utilized both primary and secondary information. Data was obtained from existing literature sources as well as from visiting the actual market sites. The study determined that it is possible for adaptive use projects to be accomplished with respect for the historic fabric of the market and its facilities.
Open Access
ALL ALONG THE WATCHTOWER: IDENTIFYING TRENDS IN HISTORJC FIRE LOOKOUT PRESERVATION THROUGH SELECTED CASE STUDIES AND A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
(University of Oregon, 2013-06) Hill, John Peregrine
Although time, weather, and the lack of public visibility present great challenges in the preservation of historic fire lookouts, other issues such as preservation policy and incoherent trends in lookout preservation contribute to the vanishing state of these purpose-built structures. Not only do fire lookouts represent a brief historical period where men and women actively occupied thousands of remote stations throughout the country, but they also convey the subsequent decline of fire lookout observation, culture, and preservation. At the beginning of the 21 " century, many of the remaining fire lookouts are disappearing into the landscape as both limited federal funding, and the lack of preservation attention, creates conditions which promote lookout deterioration and neglect. This study chronicles both past and present patterns in lookout preservation while exploring and developing historic preservation approaches in order to further promote future fire lookout preservation. A collection of statistical data has been analyzed in order to identify and quantify fire lookout typology, rarity, and vulnerability based on a set of predetermined parameters. Selected case studies will provide a narrative element to the statistical analysis, and provide support for the hypothesis that certain fire lookout building construction types fair better than others. Lookout case studies and examples include fire lookouts from two states (Oregon and Washington), though field research and site visit documentation has also been conducted in five (California, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and Arizona).
Open Access
AN EVALUATION OF EBEY'S LANDING NATIONAL HISTORICAL RESERVE: A CASE STUDY IN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PRESERVATION
(University of Oregon, 2004-03) Goodson, Heather D.
Collaborative approaches to preserving cultural landscapes without displacing communities represent a recent paradigm shift in the National Park Service's policy. This parallels the paradigm. shift in the general field of land use planning in which principles of collaboration and growth management have emerged. Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve, the subject of this thesis, has the unique mission of preserving the cultural landscape established by the original European settlers while accommodating the vibrant community of today. Tensions between the community's need to adapt to changing circumstances and the desire to safeguard its heritage pose a challenge to the Trust Board, the Reserve's managing organization. Through in-depth interviews with residents and business owners within the Reserve, and case studies of the Columbia River Gorge Scenic Area and Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor, this research evaluates the Trust Board's role in preserving the cultural landscape in the context of a working community.
Open Access
ANALYSIS AND REHABILITATION OF THE COZINE HOUSE McMINNVILLE, OREGON
(University of Oregon, 1987) Lakin, Kimberly
The Cozine House is a Queen Anne style house built in 1892 by Samuel and Mahala Cozine, an Oregon pioneer family. The house is located at the western edge of the historic commercial core on Third Street in McMinnville, Oregon. The house is recognized as a rank A property on the City's Cultural Resource Inventory because of its association with Samuel and Mahala Cozine. It is also noted as a good example of the Queen Anne style within the City of McMinnville. The Cozines are significant to the history of McMinnville as they were one of the first three families to settle in the area. They are also important for their generous contribution of land to McMinnville College, now known as Linfield College, which led to the establishment of this fine school which has a nationally respected reputation.
Open Access
" AURORA BLUE": PAINT RESEARCH IN AN OREGON UTOPIAN SOCIETY , CA . 1870
(University of Oregon, 1986-03) Parks, Bonnie Wehle
A blue paint color, known as "Aurora Blue," was used in the Aurora Colony (1856-1883) at Aurora, Oregon . The color now used is a light blue which does not correspond to historical samples . The nature and use of this paint was investigated using primary source documentation, field and laboratory analysis , and a personal computer data base as an interpretive tool. A thorough overview of the field of paint research has been presented and issues examined. The pigment was found to be Prussian blue . The hues spanned a range between light blue and deep purple blue . It was used on chair rails, baseboards, and other interior wood architectural elements and furniture pieces . Examination of account books indicated the possibility of home manufacture and mixing of the pigment until the mid 1870s when commercial paint appeared in the records .
Open Access
Balancing History and Nature in the Natinal Parks: The Management of the Bar BC Ranch in Grand Teton National Park
(University of Oregon, 2005-06) Scott, Sara Elizabeth
To understand the issues at play in the way cultural resources are managed in National Parks, this thesis examines the topic in general, and the management of one resource in detail, the Bar BC Ranch at Grand Teton National Park. The ranch's management history is examined in order to explore both the obstacles that have stood in the way of its preservation, and the recent changes in management that have resulted in: the stabilization of the ranch. The main factors affecting the management of the Bar BC have been the influence of park superintendents, the persistence of a perception of the park as a natural area, the limited interpretation of the vision of the park's patron, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., the failure to recognize the significance of the Bar BC, and the lack of planning and maintenance during the period the ranch was under a lifetime lease.
Open Access
Beyond City Beautiful: Interpreting Cultural Landscapes at the International Rose Test Garden and Laurelhurst Park in Portland, Oregon
(University of Oregon, 2023-06) Tran, Lindsay
Historical interpretation (alternately referred to in this research as “heritage interpretation and “public interpretation”) often limits the narratives that are highlighted for public consumption in places of historical importance. I argue via discussion of cultural landscape theory and material rhetoric (the idea that discourse is material, i.e. that beyond content, the format of a piece of communication carries a rhetorical power of its own) that such limitations are a choice, not an inevitability—especially with cultural landscapes, which thanks to their relationship with time are historic resources of a particularly dynamic character. Treating public parks as cultural landscapes that evolve over time, rather than as historic sites wedded to a discrete period of significance, allows for a more flexible interpretation of their historical meaning. When parks are treated as cultural landscapes, their significance to many people and many groups throughout history presents as a coherent narrative, rather than a haphazard and seemingly unrelated collection of events. Using the inductive process of grounded theory as a methodological approach, I critically examine the extant interpretive infrastructure in two case studies, Laurelhurst Park and the International Rose Test Garden. I explore the material form of each park’s historical interpretation as a series of rhetorical choices, and then suggest expansions based on each park’s respective history and the material rhetoric of the existing interpretive infrastructure.
Open Access
BODIE, CALIFORNIA: UNDERSTANDING THE ARCHITECTURE AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT OF A GOLD MINING TOWN
(University of Oregon, 2000-06) Jimenez, Corri Lyn
Constructed between 1878-1900, the architecture of Bodie is principally vernacular, representing familiar architectural styles that were being constructed during the times, using a hodgepodge of diverse construction techniques. Bodie, like many western mining towns, was considered temporary when initially constructed. Reuse of building parts and relocation of entire structures were two repetitive problems common when examining mining town architecture. This thesis research is a historic architectural survey of the California State Park of Bodie that analyzes extant buildings' styles, histories, and construction techniques for three specific building types: residential, commercial, and public. In Bodie, fifteen buildings were surveyed and seven were chosen for formal architectural descriptions, which revealed similarities as well as differences. The purpose of this thesis was to complete full architectural descriptions on standing buildings and their auxiliaries that include full historical research.
Open Access
Building Bend: The N. P. Smith Pioneer Hardware Store
(University of Oregon, 2014-05-28) Blackmore, Helen
Per the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), the N. P. Smith Pioneer Hardware Store is historically significant on a local level, and listed in the National Register under Criteria A, B, and C; for its architectural style, and links to the settlement period and commerce in the Deschutes Valley, and for its association with the pioneer Smith family. Built to house the Smith family, and the N. P. Smith Pioneer Hardware store, the Smith's finished construction of the wood-frame building in 1909. For twenty years it served as a hardware store, while the Smith family lived in the second floor residence above for over 90 years. The building has now stood in the same location, in largely the same form, for 105 years making it unique on Bend's Wall Street.
Open Access
Church Architecture in the Calumet-Laurium Settlement Area, Michigan: A Study of Ethno-Religious Forms, Regional Building Materials, Social History, and Preservation Issues
(University of Oregon, 1996-12) Yarbrough, Edward B.
As a thematic group, the church buildings of the Calumet-Laurium settlement area embody characteristics of regional architecture and symbolic roles as ethnic and denominational forms; their placement and use reflect the dynamic tension between conforming to the structures of humanism or to the example of Jesus Christ, a tension which pervaded nineteenth and twentieth century church doctrines. Although each church building uniquely reflects a combination of influences, they are tied to each other and to residential, commercial, and industrial forms as significant but endangered resources in the once urban landscape. As resources worthy of preservation, various methods for securing the future of church buildings are recommended. Effo11s to preserve church buildings should correspond to their significant interpretive value as embodiments of ethnic, denominational, and regional history. The use, design, location, setting, materials, workmanship, and associations, both historical and spiritual, substantiate the case for their preservation and interpretation.
Open Access
A Comprehensive Study of Historical Adobe Urban Dwellings: Case Study Guadalajara, Mexico
(University of Oregon, 2014) Flores, Jacquelin
In the last decade, the city of Guadalajara, Mexico, has witnessed the inevitable loss of patrimonial buildings in the downtown area. The absence of enforced protective legislation, public education initiatives. public interest, public and private funding and urban sprawl in Mexican cities are all major contributors to the disappearance and loss of this invaluable cultural resource.
Open Access
CRITICAL ISSUES IN HISTORIC SITE INTERPRETATION: A CASE STUDY OF DUNSMUIR HOUSE IN OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA
(University of Oregon, 1991-12) Ferrell, Patricia Louise
This study proposes a systematic review process for historical sites with the goal of revealing the potential for improvement of the interpretive program . There is a three part investigation of critical issues exploring site interpretation, physical characteristics of the site, and site administration . The process will be tested through a case study of Dunsmuir House and Gardens in Oakland, California. The methodology used in this study of critical issues introduces an outline of steps to improve the interpretive program of historic sites . The steps include identification of the problem, literature review, evaluation of the literature review, choice of a course of action, institution of the new program, evaluation and modification of the new program . The systematic review process proposed in this study was successful in identifying problems and proposing solutions which improve the interpretive program at Dunsmuir House and Gardens . The review process is feasible and could be applied to other historic sites with equal success.
Open Access
Designing to Prevent Vandalism in Historic Cemeteries: An Analysis of Change in Two of Eugene, Oregon's Historic Cemeteries Through Design Intervention
(University of Oregon, 2016-06) Herrell, Savannah
The terminal project "Designing to Prevent Vandalism in Historic Cemeteries: An Analysis of Change in Two of Eugene, Oregon's Historic Cemeteries Through Design Intervention," is an assessment of design intervention strategies that have been applied to in two local Oregon historic cemeteries in order to reduce vandalism. The field of cemetery conservation utilizes varied design interventions; however, there has been little analysis and measurement of the effectiveness of these strategies from a landscape architecture perspective. 1 Using conceptual frameworks from landscape architecture, psychology and historic preservation, this terminal project contributes to the field of preservation by creating a model for measuring design intervention strategy effectiveness. This will be achieved through case study analysis of two historic cemeteries: Eugene Masonic Cemetery and Eugene Pioneer Cemetery which were selected based on documented struggles with vandalism and a theorized change in the rate of vandalism in response to design intervention.
Open Access
DEVELOPING A PROPOSED HISTORICAL RESEARCH MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR HISTORIC OREGON FURNITURE
(University of Oregon, 1994-06) Sutherland, Ross E.
For nearly a century Oregon museums and private collectors have preserved and exhibited historic Oregon furniture. The documentation of Oregon's historic furniture industry, however, has not kept pace with ongoing documentation projects in other areas of the country. These projects may involve extensive document searches and photographic surveys of extant pieces. To expedite the documentation of historic Oregon furniture, by maximizing the expenditure of human and financial resources, this thesis proposes a Historical Research Management Plan. The proposed plan is subdivided into six phases which reflect ever deepening levels of historic documentation. The phase sequencing guides researchers from objective data collection to subjective evaluation and interpretation, of historic Oregon furniture, using selected documentation strategies for historic furniture in public museums. Since documenting historic Oregon furniture at a state level is currently impractical, this plan may be applied to specific geographic areas and time periods in building toward this broader documentary goal.
Open Access
A DOCUMENTATION AND RESTORATION PLAN FOR THE FIRST CHRISTIAN ADVENT CHURCH IN JOHN DAY, OREGON
(University of Oregon, 1991-12) Netch, Timothy Francis
The First Christian Advent Church is a late Carpenters Gothic building constructed in John Day, Oregon in 1900. The building was designed and possibly built by Samuel Bayliss Hope, about whom little is known. The church is most remarkable for the profusion of ornament on its exterior and interior. The moldings are a very late manifestation of hand-planed decoration. This study documents the building, and also makes extensive recommendations for its restoration. The church is in moderately good condition both physically and historically, though there_ are numerous problems which will require intervention. Recommendations are intended to return the building to its 1900 appearance. The guidelines are technical in nature, and include the re-milling of moldings, reinforcement of the roof structure, foundation wall repair, and refinishing of interior surfaces.