Three Essays in Applied Microeconomics
Loading...
Date
2024-01-09
Authors
McDonough, Robert
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of Oregon
Abstract
This dissertation examines three topics in applied microeconomics: econometric challenges created by student grade-point averaging, the causal effect of violent video games on crime, and spatial distortions created by the US social safety net. Chapter 1 (with Glen Waddell) considers the underlying combinatorics of grade-point averaging, and the evolution of a GPA as students take classes. We illustrate the implications for inference that relies on the comparison of students with similar GPAs. In the context of a regression discontinuity, researchers are most exposed to this sensitivity with fewer classes contributing to GPA and at smaller bandwidths. While larger bandwidths shield such estimators from this challenge, this accommodation relies on the assumption of sufficient overlap of student types—to the extent there is not, identification is again threatened.
Chapter 2 (with Gretchen Gamrat) examines the causal relationship between violent video game releases and violent crime patterns. Using county-level variation in retail sales of “mature” video games, we leverage exogenous variation in exposure to identify corresponding changes in crime outcomes. Especially after high-profile violent crimes, policymakers and the news media frequently argue that increased exposure to violent games leads to increased violent crime. We find no such evidence. If anything, our analysis suggests that short-run decreases in violent crime, specifically violent sexual offenses, follow the release of mature video games.
Chapter 3 (with Mark Colas) studies the effect of the US social safety net on household location choice. US social transfer programs vary substantially across states, incentivizing households to locate in states with more generous transfer programs. Further, transfer formulas often decrease in income, thereby rewarding low-income households for living in low-paying cities. We quantify these distortions by combining a spatial equilibrium model with a detailed model of transfer programs in the US.
Chapter 4 concludes this dissertation. This dissertation includes previously both previously published and unpublished and co-authored material.