Synthesis of functional nanomaterials within a green chemistry context
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Date
2007-12
Authors
Dahl, Jennifer Ann, 1976-
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of Oregon
Abstract
In recent years, nanoscience has evolved from a multidisciplinary research concept to a primary scientific frontier. Rapid technological advancements have led to the development of nanoscale device components, advanced sensors, and novel biomimetic materials. However, potential negative impacts of nanomaterials are sometimes overlooked during the discovery phase of research. The implementation of green chemistry principles can enhance nanoscience by maximizing safety and efficiency while minimizing the environmental and societal impacts of nanomaterials.
This dissertation introduces the concept of green nanosynthesis, demonstrating the application of green chemistry to the synthesis of nanornaterials. A comprehensive review of the synthesis of metal nanomaterials is presented, demonstrating how individual green chemistry principles can improve traditional synthetic routes as well as guide the design of new materials. Detailed examples of greener syntheses of functionalized gold nanoparticles with core diameters of 2-10 nm are described in subsequent chapters, beginning with a method for functionalizing citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles that are desirable for advanced applications.
Although citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles can be easily produced from a classic procedure using mild reagents and benign methods, functionalization via ligand exchange is often unsuccessful. It was discovered that an ill-defined layer comprised of citrate and other ligands interferes with functionalization processes. By removing excess citrate in a manner where overall structure and stability is maintained, gold cores produced by this route are readily functionalized by incoming thiols, affording unprecedented control over surface composition and functionality.
A direct route to functional nanomaterials using Bunte salt precursors is discussed next, describing the use of easily synthesized shelf-stable alternatives to thiols in the preparation of water-soluble gold nanoparticles. Control of core size and surface chemistry is demonstrated through simple manipulation of reagent ratios, yielding products similar to those produced by traditional direct syntheses which rely on the use of thiols.
The use of functionalized nanoparticles as "building blocks" for more complex structures was demonstrated in self-assembly processes. Cationic gold particles were deposited upon DNA scaffolds to create linear arrays.
A discussion of the future outlook of green nanosynthesis concludes this work, identifying immediate challenges and long-term goals. This dissertation contains previously published and co-authored materials.
Description
xvii, 183 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Keywords
Nanoparticles, Green chemistry, Nanotechnology, Nanoscience