FALL 2024 SILVERTON ARCH 484/584: TIMBER TECTONICS IN THE DIGITAL AGE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & ENVIRONMENT Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton KB Baidoo Report Author • School of Architecture and Environment Nancy Cheng Associate Professor • School of Architecture and Environment Mariapaola Riggio Associate Professor • Wood Science & Engineering, Oregon State University Acknowledgments The author of this report would like to thank the following university faculty and city officials for their support of this project: Nastaran Hasani, Teaching Assistant, supported this studio with software help and design feedback. Cory Misley, City Manager for the City of Silverton, for expressing interest in this project. Oregon State University’s Wood Science and Engineering Department and University of Oregon’s Department of Architecture supported this partnership. Tallwood Design Institute (TDI) provided space, skilled personnel, tools, and equipment, making this effort possible. This project has been developed in collaboration with the USDA Borlaug Fellow Marco Aurelio Rebaza Rodriguez, and supported by the USDA Borlaug Fellowship Program – Softwoods, Architectural Technology and Structural Design Timber Pro Coatings USA President Shari Steber (WBE Certified) supported this effort with a donation of the fluid-applied water-resistive barrier used for this project. This report represents original student work and recommendations prepared by students in the University of Oregon’s Sustainable City Year Program for the City of Silverton. Text and images contained in this report may not be used without permission from the University of Oregon. Contents 4 About SCI 4 About SCYP 5 About City of Silverton 6 Course Participants 6 Course Description 7 Executive Summary 8 Introduction 9 Emergency Shelter Case Studies 27 Initial Team Designs 32 Class Design Development 50 Conclusion 51 References 52 Appendix A: Construction Plan 94 Appendix B: Structural Report 107 Appendix C: Stressed-Skin Panel Framing 120 Appendix D: Final Report The Sustainable Cities Institute (SCI) is an applied think tank focusing on sustainability and cities through applied research, teaching, and community partnerships. We work across disciplines that match the complexity of cities to address sustainability challenges, from regional planning to building design and from enhancing engagement of diverse communities to understanding the impacts on municipal budgets from disruptive technologies and many issues in between. SCI focuses on sustainability-based research and teaching opportunities through two primary efforts: 1. Our Sustainable City Year Program (SCYP), a massively scaled university- community partnership program that matches the resources of the University with one Oregon community each year to help advance that community’s sustainability goals; and The Sustainable City Year Program (SCYP) is a yearlong partnership between SCI and a partner in Oregon, in which students and faculty in courses from across the university collaborate with a public entity on sustainability and livability projects. SCYP faculty and students work in collaboration with staff from the partner agency through a variety of studio projects and service- learning courses to provide students with real-world projects to investigate. Students bring energy, enthusiasm, and innovative approaches 2. Our Urbanism Next Center, which focuses on how autonomous vehicles, e-commerce, and the sharing economy will impact the form and function of cities. In all cases, we share our expertise and experiences with scholars, policymakers, community leaders, and project partners. We further extend our impact via an annual Expert-in-Residence Program, SCI China visiting scholars program, study abroad course on redesigning cities for people on bicycle, and through our co-leadership of the Educational Partnerships for Innovation in Communities Network (EPIC-N), which is transferring SCYP to universities and communities across the globe. Our work connects student passion, faculty experience, and community needs to produce innovative, tangible solutions for the creation of a sustainable society. to difficult, persistent problems. SCYP’s primary value derives from collaborations that result in on-the-ground impact and expanded conversations for a community ready to transition to a more sustainable and livable future. Community partnerships are possible in part due to support from U.S. Senators Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley, as well as former Congressman Peter DeFazio, who secured federal funding for SCYP through Congressionally Directed Spending. 4 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton About SCI About SCYP By 1921, Silverton industries produced exports for other areas and even some foreign countries, including the Fischer Flour Mills on South Water Street. The mill obtained power by damming Silver Creek at a point near the present pool, diverting water into a millrace that ran along the creek to the mill and then dumped back into the creek. The development and opening of the Oregon Garden in the 1990s signify the success of a partnership between the Garden, a private enterprise attracting tourists to botanical displays, and the City of Silverton. The Oregon Garden’s expansive wetlands area has benefited from the City’s excess reclaimed water since 2000, while the community benefits from trade the Garden draws to the area. Silverton was recognized for these reuse efforts as a “Community Water Champion” by the National Water Reuse Association in 2018. Today, approximately 10,380 residents call the city of Silverton home. In addition to the Oregon Garden, the city features a historic downtown, hospital, community pool, and access to nature activities including nearby Silver Falls State Park. It combines a small-town charm with a strong community spirit, welcoming both residents and visitors alike. The first settlers came to the banks of Silver Creek in the 1800s, following timber and waterpower. The City of Silverton incorporated in 1885 and was seen as a trading and banking center of prominence, ranking among the most progressive towns of western Oregon. 5 About City of Silverton UNIVERSITY OF OREGON KB Baidoo, Architecture Undergraduate Grant Perry, Architecture Undergraduate Jonah Nees, Architecture Undergraduate Petra Rider, Architecture Undergraduate Molly Morris, Architecture Undergraduate Devin Colwell, Architecture Undergraduate Donovan Carlson, Architecture Undergraduate Wilka Mendiola Architecture Undergraduate Clara DeLuna, Architecture Undergraduate Sabina Dzankic, Architecture Undergraduate Alejandro Gonzalez, Architecture Undergraduate Sarah Knenlein, Architecture Master’s Student Bekah Eggers, Architecture Master’s Student OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Jumanah Albuloushi, Civil Engineering Undergraduate Hayden Snyder, Civil Engineering Undergraduate Bryce Oakes, Civil Engineering Undergraduate Ethan Frank, Civil Engineering Undergraduate Jonathan Chavez, Architectural Engineering Undergraduate Hillary Johnson, Wood Innovation for Sustainability Undergraduate Daniel Smith, Wood Science Master’s Student Elijah Olawumi, Wood Science and Civil Engineering Master’s Student ARCH 484/584: TIMBER TECTONICS IN THE DIGITAL AGE  This is a collaborative course between the University of Oregon’s Department of Architecture and the Oregon State University’s Department of Wood Science and Engineering that focuses on creating novel solutions for a community need. Design projects require comprehensive and integrative study over a wide range of project options to include individual criticism, group discussions, lectures and seminars by visiting specialists, and public review of projects. 6 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton Course Participants Course Description A kit-of-parts is a subset of building prefabrication in which building components are pre-engineered and prefabricated into standardized units from raw materials. The benefits of kit-of- parts construction are that it allows for rapid deployment as well as repeatable and reusable units that require little to no modification to be repurposed. To familiarize themselves with kit-of-parts theory and wood shelter construction, students first studied and modeled design precedents to establish a baseline of knowledge around wood shelters. The University of Oregon and Oregon State University combined diverse knowledge in the fields of architecture and engineering that was used to generate several creative design proposals. Working in groups, students from both universities met in person and on video calls throughout the project to draft, prototype, and model elements and ideas for the project. After a review from industry professionals, the student designs were consolidated into one. Students then regrouped to refine seven areas of the project: architectural design, stressed-skin panel design, connections, enclosure, structural analysis, construction, and project management. Student-led fabrication and assembly of the full-scale final prototype took place at Oregon State University’s Emmerson Lab, concluding with a final review. After the term, additional work was done to complete the components and disassemble them for future reuse. Lessons learned from this experience will be used to create a future of more sustainable, adaptable, expandable, and reusable buildings. Exploring kit-of-parts construction, the Timber Tectonics team designed and prototyped an emergency shelter using modular stressed-skin panels, facilitating building expansion and sustainable reuse in alternative configurations. 7 Executive Summary This approach involves assembling a limited number of unique pieces into various configurations to create complete structures. The basic modular unit, the stressed-skin panel, is an insulated structural unit made from dimensional lumber frames and plywood skins that can be joined to make habitable structures. Acknowledging that emergency shelters are often inhabited longer than anticipated, the Timber Tectonics team proposed and prototyped a lightweight modular shelter unit that can be extended, aggregated, and repurposed. The flexible set was designed to address the City of Silverton’s interest in multi- purpose structures that could be used as pop-up temporary retail booths as well as emergency shelters. KIT-OF-PARTS AND DESIGN CONSTRAINTS • The design must prioritize stressed- skin panel construction. • The design should minimize component variety. • The design must be under 120 square feet. • Panels must be made of half-inch plywood and dimensional lumber. • The structure should be able to be deployed by a team of ten people. • The structural connections should meet structural requirements, prioritize off-the-shelf materials/ products, and facilitate disassembly and component reuse. Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age is a design studio that seeks to explore building methods based on a kit-of-parts with a focus on stressed-skin panels (SSPs). 8 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton Introduction To gain an understanding of emergency shelters, student groups investigated seven unique wood-construction small emergency shelters to learning how each precedent handles structure, enclosure, joinery, and design. In addition to these precedents, students were familiarized with a shelter design proposed by Marco Aurelio Rebaza Rodriguez, a visiting scholar from the Antenor Orrego Private University in Trujillo, Peru and its considerations for ventilation and occupant health. The knowledge gained from these case studies became the baseline that informed initial team designs and in turn the final proposal. The precedents most pertinent to the proposals by the Timber Tectonics students are Kobayashi Maki Design Workshop’s Veneer House Kumamoto and Aalto University Wood Program’s Liina Transitional Shelter. KOBAYASHI MAKI DESIGN WORKSHOP’S VENEER HOUSE KUMAMOTO Veneer House Kumamoto uses stressed- skin panels to create a small wood shelter. The shelter features an operable platform that allows it to double as a market stall. This precedent showed a practical application of what scale was possible with modular wood panel construction by a small team as well as the versatility to serve as something other than a living space. The spatial organization and fenestration layout of Veneer House Kumamoto became the basis on which the Timber Tectonics team’s final retail kiosk proposal was built. 9 Emergency Shelter Case Studies FIG. 1 Veneer House Kumamoto in its market stall configuration, courtesy of Kobayashi Maki Design Workshop. 10 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton COMPLETED MODEL FIG. 2 Student-made digital and scale model of Veneer House Kumamoto. 11 Emergency Shelter Case Studies AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM’S LIINA TRANSITIONAL SHELTER Aalto University Wood Program’s Liina Transitional Shelter utilizes wooden stressed-skin panels in an innovative type of “bread-slice” tilt-up construction, which would become the largest inspiration for the final design. The Liina Transitional Shelter uses ratchet straps to cinch together wall, floor, and roof panels into sectional slices. These slices are then tilted up to each other to erect the structure and connected to one another with horizontal straps. University of Oregon Master of Architecture alumna Rebecca Littman-Smith of Scott Edwards Architects who was part of the design/ build team, explained the project to the Timber Tectonics class over Zoom. FIG. 3 Liina Transitional Shelter exterior, courtesy of Aalto University Wood Program. 12 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton FIG. 4 Liina Transitional Shelter slice assembly, courtesy of Aalto University Wood Program. FIG. 5 Student-made digital model of Liina Shelter. 13 Emergency Shelter Case Studies MARCO REBAZA’S PERU SHELTER Marco Aurelio Rebaza Rodriguez’s Peru shelter design is a triangulated two-story emergency modular structural wood panel shelter that features carefully placed fenestration that promotes cross-ventilation to regulate thermal comfort and improve occupant health and wellbeing. Rodriguez’s use of fenestration to improve thermal comfort and occupant health became a feature the Timber Tectonics team ended up implementing, improving the final design. FIG. 6 Assembly diagram of Rebaza’s Peru shelter. 14 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton FIG. 7 Architectural drawings from Rebaza’s Peru shelter. 15 Emergency Shelter Case Studies KOBAYASHI MAKI DESIGN WORKSHOP’S MINAMISANRIKU VENEER HOUSE The Minamisanriku Veneer House was the first phase of a public bath project in the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake. The building was quickly assembled using veneer boards from local forest thinnings. This approach is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and supports local industry while allowing amateurs to construct durable structures efficiently. In the construction of the Minamisanriku Veneer House, veneer boards are divided into units, interlocked via pre-cut notches, and reinforced with wood battens and screws. The structure is easily assembled, disassembled, and relocated, making it ideal for disaster relief and urgent temporary housing. FIG. 8 The exterior of the Minamisanriku Veneer House. 16 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton FIG. 9 Student-made diagram of a column from Minamisanriku Veneer House. 17 Emergency Shelter Case Studies KOBAYASHI MAKI DESIGN WORKSHOP’S PALU COMMUNITY CENTER On September 28, 2018, a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck 77 km off Palu, Indonesia’s coast. The earthquake triggered a tsunami and landslides that devastated the city. With 68,000 homes damaged and 1.5 million people affected, it was the deadliest earthquake of 2018, causing around 2,200 deaths and 4,400 injuries. The Palu Community Center, built near a refugee camp, features a triangular design inspired by traditional Rumah Tambi houses. Locally sourced plywood was pre-cut into panels with dovetail and box joints and subsequently assembled with the help of residents and students from Bandung Institute of Technology and Tadulako University to create an open-air gathering space for the affected community. FIG. 10 The interior of Palu Community Center. 18 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton FIG. 11 Student-made scale model of the Palu Community Center. 19 Emergency Shelter Case Studies FIG. 12 Student-made digital model of the Palu Community Center. 20 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton SCHNETZERPILS REFUGEE TUBE SchnetzerPils’ Refugee Tube is a reciprocal frame structure comprised of only wooden pallets and dimensional lumber. The structure is constructed by slotting dimensional lumber into the voids of a pallet then slotting another pallet onto said lumber, then slotting lumber into the second pallet, repeating these steps until a reciprocal frame arch is created. Multiple of these arches are then assembled in a line to create a canopy structure. The strengths of this solution are that it is quick to deploy, only taking a few minutes, and the raw materials to create it are affordable and readily available globally. The drawbacks of this design are that it is only a canopy, providing minimal protection against the elements, and the lack of resistance to thrusting force due to the nature of reciprocal frame arches. FIG. 13 Pallets being installed on a pallet reciprocal frame. 21 Emergency Shelter Case Studies FIG. 14 Student-made scale model of the Refugee Tube reciprocal frame canopy. 22 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton WHOME’S WIKIHOUSE SHELTER WikiHouse uses computer numerical control (CNC) to fabricate precise plywood skins with pre-cut box and dovetail joints that are filled with cellulose insulation. The shelter is modular, allowing for floorplate expansion and varied fenestration sizing. Pieces are flat- packed, shipped on trucks and able to be assembled in 10-14 days. FIG. 15 WikiHouse interior during construction. 23 Emergency Shelter Case Studies FIG. 16 Student-made digital model of WikiHouse Shelter. 24 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton SHIGERU BAN’S PAPER LOG HOUSE Shigeru Ban’s Paper Log House is a response to the earthquake that struck the Noto region of Japan on May 5, 2023. The structure consists of tubular paper columns and beams with prefabricated plywood wall and roof panels, supported by a foundation of milk crates and sandbags. Students from Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Shibaura Institute of Technology, and Keio University SFC participated in the construction, deploying the structure in 13 hours. FIG. 17 Paper Log House’s exterior during construction. 25 Emergency Shelter Case Studies FIG. 18 Student-made digital model of Paper Log House. 26 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton Team 1 designed a shelter with a rectangular floor plate and shed roof, seeking to create an elegant yet easy to understand structure that efficiently uses materials. The design uses tilt-up construction and panels that result in few wasted off-cuts from standard size four-foot by eight-foot plywood and eight-foot lumber. Strengths of this design include panelized windows using the same assembly process as SSPs, tilt- up construction for rapid deployment, efficient material usage, and the simplicity of a linear rectangular floor plate. The drawback of this design is the connection fin system potentially being difficult to fabricate while lacking structural robustness. FIG. 19 Team 1 design. Initial Team Designs After concluding the case studies, course participants broke into five new groups, spending the next four weeks developing five preliminary designs, later to be consolidated into a singular final proposal, taking the strongest ideas from each design. TEAM 1 27 TEAM 2 FIG. 20 Team 2 design. Team 2 designed a hexagonal shelter with an emphasis on community clusters of multiple shelters and interior experience, made possible by a custom interstitial insulated pentagonal column. Units from this design feature sleeping areas pushed to the sides, making room for communal space within the units with the possibility to combine multiple units in various ways, increasing program support. Strengths of this design include clerestory windows for private daylighting, insulated interstitial connections, and the easy clustering of units to create larger communities. The drawback of this design is that the hexagonal form results in sizable off-cut material and difficult panel fabrication. 28 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton TEAM 3 FIG. 21 Team 3 design. The Team 3 shelter design is a double height shed roof structure that features a large focal window and additional light wells. Their design is comprised almost entirely of four-foot by eight-foot panels, resulting in a scheme that leaves no plywood waste in off-cuts. The design goals for Team 3 were to create a shelter that is spacious, well lit, and provides ample storage. The standout strength of this design is the connection system using custom wood brackets as an element in the kit of parts. The drawback of this design is that the double height nature of the space would make it difficult to construct without roof jacks, specialized equipment, and a large team. 29 Initial Team Designs TEAM 4 FIG. 22 Team 4 design. Taking inspiration from the Liina Shelter, Team 4 designed a shelter with a rectangular floor plate, two-slope roof, and loft space, increasing interior volume and floor square footage. The design goals for this team were to maximize comfort, interior space, privacy, and flexibility. Strengths of this design include loft space for extra storage and flexibility, screening for privacy, and a comfortable community space. The drawback of this design is the two-slope roof raises concerns surrounding weight, connection detailing, and deployment feasibility. 30 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton TEAM 5 FIG. 23 Team 5 design. Team 5 designed a shelter with octagonal interior organization on a rectangular floor plate, generating abundant covered outdoor space, and private interior nooks for occupants with a central gathering space. The flat roof is a mirror reflection of the floor plate, reducing the number of unique panels that need to be fabricated. The strengths of this design are the opportunity for vertical expansion due to the flat roof, varying levels of privacy support, and a sizable covered outdoor space. The drawbacks of this design are concerns about waterproofing and constructability due to having a zero- slope roof and partially fleshed out connections. 31 Initial Team Designs Class Design Development INITIAL CLASS DESIGN FIG. 24 Rendering of the initial design proposed by the Timber Tectonics team. Incorporating feedback from their first midterm review, the Timber Tectonics class identified the strongest ideas from each team’s designs and began consolidating their designs into one proposal. The Timber Tectonics class landed on a design with a single-sloped roof, rectangular floor plate, wooden bracket connections, and clerestory windows. Seven final student groups addressed seven specialized areas of the project: architectural design, stressed- skin panel design, connections, enclosure, structural analysis, construction planning, and project management. 32 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton At this stage, connections were prototyped and tested. DESIGN REFINEMENT Building off the foundation of the initial class design and utilizing reviewer feedback from a second midterm review, the specialized groups narrowed in on a final proposal to be prototyped at full scale. Considering the limited time frame of the project and the practical needs of the occupants, the Timber Tectonics class decided to halve the square footage of the design while maintaining the basic organization and construction system of the initial class design. FIG. 25 Connection prototypes shown at the second midterm. 33 Class Design Development FINAL DESIGN FIG. 26 Rendering of the final design proposed by the Timber Tectonics team. The final design is a modular 64-square- foot SSP shelter comprised of primarily rectangular prefabricated panels, paneled clerestory windows, a panelized operable view window, and a shed roof. The scheme uses tilt-up construction, inspired by the Aalto University Wood Program’s Liina Shelter, resulting in a structure that is possible to deploy primarily with hand tools. The floor plan of the final shelter is an eight-foot by eight-foot square with the potential to support various programs including housing, bathrooms, and kitchen space. Using a nearly identical kit-of-parts, the architectural design team created a retail kiosk scheme that shares the same floor plate as the basic shelter. Additionally, an expanded shelter that extends the floorplate of the basic shelter to create a sixteen-foot by eight- foot structure was presented. These supplementary shelters serve as examples of how the structures may be used, expanded, and adapted over time. 34 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton FIG. 27 The final bracket connections used in the structure. The final connections were rectangular brackets that bridge panels and secure to the foundation. The reason these were chosen was because they provide access to the fasteners for quick assembly and disassembly and support for insulation, which would improve thermal and acoustic comfort. 35 Class Design Development FIG. 28 The final two-foot by eight-foot wall with interior skin (left) and without interior skin (right). 36 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton FIG. 29 Rendering of the final eight panel types used in the prototype. The final design is comprised of eight unique modular panels that can be configured into various shelters. The Timber Tectonics team sought to create as few unique panels as possible to streamline production and increase versatility as more panel types would result in panels that are too case-specific to be used for multiple purposes. 8 Panel Modular System 37 Class Design Development FIG. 30 Rendering of the three building types possible from the final kit-of-parts. FIG. 31 Rendering of the basic eight-foot by eight-foot shelter unit. 38 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton FIG. 32 Rendering of the basic eight-foot by eight-foot retail kiosk unit. FIG. 33 Rendering of the basic eight-foot by 16-foot shelter unit. 39 Class Design Development The architectural design team created three distinct shelters using the kit- of-parts, displaying the versatility of use and expandability of the concept, including a retail kiosk that draws from Kobayashi Maki Design Workshop’s Veneer House Kumamoto in form and spatial organization. The rectangular The enclosure and structural design teams drew construction details and ran structural analysis simulations of crucial locations to ensure that the final proposal floor plate of the shelter allows for simple fabrication, expansion, and easy assembly. Clerestory windows supply daylighting while maintaining occupant privacy and the operable view window provides exterior connectivity and ventilation. would be safe to construct and occupy, accounting for water resistance and dead/ live loads. FIG. 34 A wall/window enclosure detail. Waterproof UV Adhesive Tape Wall to Roof Connection Log & Siding Smooth Formula (WRB) Metal Flashing on 2 x 6 Metal Piano Hinge 1/8” Acrylic Sheet Window Frame Waterproof UV Adhesive Tape 2 x 6 Stressed-Skin Panel 1/8” Acrylic Sheet (Extends past framing to act as �ashing) Waterproof UV Adhesive Tape Clerestory DetailView Window Detail Log & Siding Smooth Formula (WRB) Metal Flashing 1/8” Acrylic Sheet Empty Cavity EXT EXT INT INT 1/8” Acrylic Sheet Waterproof UV Adhesive Tape 1/2” Plywood 5-1/2” Hempwool Insulation Log & Siding Smooth Formula (WRB) 40 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton FIG. 35 Structural analysis models from the final build. FIG. 36 Structural analysis models from the final build cont. 41 Class Design Development ASSEMBLY The assembly and fabrication of the full-scale prototype took place at Oregon State University’s Emmerson Lab. The process began with the cutting of the plywood and dimensional lumber to size. After this, fastener access holes were drilled into the interior plywood skins and the exterior skins were painted with two coats of a fluid-applied water-resistive barrier and left to dry. FIG. 37 Access holes on the interior of an SSP. 42 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton FIG. 38 A painted exterior skin drying. 43 Class Design Development FIG. 39 An SSP being framed with 2x6s. While the exterior skins were drying, the lumber frames were nailed together using a pneumatic nail gun then marked and drilled at precise intervals to accommodate the fasteners being used. 44 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton FIG. 40 Fastener holes being drilled into the side of an SSP. These holes were subsequently outfitted with threaded inserts, that were to be bolted through to affix the panels to one another. Once the exterior skins were dry, both the interior and exterior skins were nailed to their frames, completing the stressed skin panels. With all the panels complete, they were then moved to the construction site outside and laid out sequentially in slices to be joined with bolted connections and tilted up. These slices were lifted onto a foundation of concrete pier blocks and 4x4 nominal lumber beams and tilted into place by hand by a group of students. 45 Class Design Development FIG. 41 Connection of panels through the bracket connections. 46 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton FIG. 42 The foundation of concrete piers and 4x4 lumber used for the build. 47 Class Design Development FIG. 43 A slice of panels being tilted into place by students. Slices were bolted to one another and the foundation as they were put up until the structure was fully erected. After the completion of the structure, a grommeted tarp would be supported with an air gap above the roof, acting as a water-shedding surface. Due to time constraints, the building was not seen to completion. The Timber Tectonics team ended up installing half of the basic shelter and finishing all the panels. After the term, components were completed by student Hillary Johnson with help from the TDI team and Timber Tectonics team members tested assembly and disassembly. 48 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton FIG. 44 Two slices of SSPs being deployed by a group of students. 49 Class Design Development Conclusion FIG. 45 The Timber Tectonics team. The process of designing and constructing a modular shelter provided the Timber Tectonics class with valuable insights and lessons for future iterations. One proposed idea for revising the shelter was to redesign the connections to use either wood joints or direct panel-to- panel metal fasteners to streamline assembly and disassembly while reducing deployment time. Ideas for improved waterproofing include replacing the exterior skin of the stressed-skin panels with fiber cement board to make the panels structural-insulated panels (SIPs) and examining other cladding and sealant possibilities. This project marks the beginning of an ongoing exploration into the potential of kit-of-parts wood construction, with vast possibilities for future applications. 50 Fall 2024 Timber Tectonics in the Digital Age: Multi-use Structures for Silverton Jett, Megan. 2019. “Liina Transitional Shelter / Aalto University Wood Program.” ArchDaily. November 28, 2019. https:// www.archdaily.com/174909/liina- transitional-shelter-aalto-university- wood-program. Relief for Noto. Shigeru Ban Architects. (2024, January 16). https:// shigerubanarchitects.com/news/relief- for-noto/ “Veneer House | Veneer House Kumamoto (EN).” n.d. Veneer House. https://www. veneerhouse.com/veneer-house- kumamoto-en. Veneer House. (n.d.-a). Minamisanriku Veneer House (EN). Veneer House. https://www.veneerhouse.com/ minamisanriku-veneer-house-en References Veneer House. (n.d.-b). Palu Community Center (EN). Veneer House. https://www. veneerhouse.com/palu-community- center-en YouTube. (n.d.). Refugee Tube – SchnetzerPils Architects. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=BtsBlpbbCYw Виготовлення каркасних будинків швидкої збірки. IWHOME. (n.d.). https:// www.iwhome.com.ua/ 51 Appendix A: Construction Plan C O N S T R U C T I O N P L A N TIMBER TECTONICS PROF. NANCY CHENG & RIGGIO UNIVERSITY OF OREGON ARCHITECTURE 4/584 & OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY WOOD SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 4/525 Construction Plan 53 Appendix A 54 T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S L I S T O F P A R T S ( P R E - F A B ) L I S T O F P A R T S ( R E P A I R / R E P L A C E M E N T ) L I S T O F T O O L S L I S T O F R O L E S S I T E S E L E C T I O N S I T E P R E P A R A T I O N M A T E R I A L S T O R A G E W E A T H E R C O U N T E R M E A S U R E S L O G I S T I C S C O N S T R U C T I O N A B C D E F G H I J K L M C O N C R E T E B L O C K S G I R D E R S A S S E M B L I N G A S L I C E R A I S I N G T H E S L I C E S E C U R I N G T H E S L I C E A S S E M B L I N G T H E D O O R W A L L R A I S I N G T H E D O O R W A L L S E C U R I N G T H E D O O R W A L L S E C O N D B A S I C S L I C E A S S E M B L I N G T H E W I N D O W S L I C E A S S E M B L I N G T H E B A C K W A L L W A T E R P R O O F I N G A T T A C H I N G T H E T A R P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction Plan 55 Panel A1 (has center member) x 4 Panel A2 (no center member) x 16 Panel B x 4 Panel C x 2 Panel D x 5 Panel E x 2 or Operable Window P (not pictured) x 1 Panel F x 1 Connector G x 18 Connector H x 4 Connector I x 2 Connector J x 2 Girder K x 2 Concrete Pier L x 14 Clerestory Panel M x 4 Roof Brackets N x 8 Door Frame O x 1 Door P (not pictured) x 1 L I S T O F P A R T S ( P R E - F A B ) All connectors (G-J) have a corresponding front panel that is detachable and should not be attached prior to construction Appendix A 56 A B C D E F G H I J K L M O L I S T O F P A R T S ( P R E - F A B ) N Construction Plan 57 L I S T O F T O O L S / P A R T S ( B U I L D / R E P A I R ) Chalk Masking Tape x 1 roll Measuring Tape x 1 Hammer x 2 Framing Nails x 2 boxes Cordless Drill x 1 3/8" Bolts x 1 box 3/8" Socket Wrench x 2 3/8" Threaded Inserts x 2 boxes Tarp x 5 Screw-in Hooks x 24 Level x 1 Ladder x 2 WRB Tape x 4 rolls Appendix A 58 L I S T O F R O L E S The majority of tasks necessary for the construction of this shelter are designed to be done by untrained laborers guided by one or a small number of individuals familiar with construction practices. Therefore, there are few roles that require specialized knowledge, physical ability or training. Those that do are listed here: Cordless Drill User Heavy Lifting Hammer User Rope Tying Construction Plan 59 S I T E S E L E C T I O N The site must be Flat and solid A minimum of 16 feet wide A minimum of 26 feet long Without obstruction to a height of 12 feet Appendix A 60 S I T E P R E P A R A T I O N Before assembly, the site should be divided into two zones. Both zones are 16 feet wide. Zone A (Assembly) should be 10 feet long. Zone B (Build) should be 16 feet long. Both zones are divided into a central working space and 4 feet of circulation. These zones can be delineated by chalk, tape, rope, or paint. In areas with an excess of available space, these markings are not required. Construction Plan 61 While shipped globally in 9' x 9' x 4.5' containers, the panels of the shelter are all sized to be able to be transported by pickup truck - a long bed pickup will be able to hold even the largest panels with a closed tailgate. In storage, the panels should be kept in a dry environment away from the elements to ensure maximum lifespan upon deployment. On site, the materials should be stored in between tarps when not in use. The tarp covering the panels can be secured by any heavy object - stones, for example, or the concrete piers used for the foundation. Transport of panels should be done by the appropriate number of able-bodied individuals, as detailed on the next page. Transport over longer distances or lifting to a height above waist level will require more workers. M A T E R I A L S T O R A G E Appendix A 62 PANEL WEIGHT WORKERS A 130 lb 4 B 112 lb 3 C 60 lb 2 D 25 lb 1 E 82 lb 3 M A T E R I A L S T O R A G E Construction Plan 63 W E A T H E R C O U N T E R M E A S U R E S If possible, construction work should not be done during inclement weather that could pose any risk to the workers. Follow local guidelines to the best of your ability. Kits made for areas with rain will include a tent that should be assembled during site preparation and placed over the construction area. When construction is complete, the tent can be repurposed for use by the occupants of the shelter. An assembly guide for the tent is included within its packaging. For areas with heavy winds, extra care should be taken to secure the tarps used to protect the materials. Weighted tie-downs are included in kits for high-wind areas. Appendix A 64 LOG I S T I C S Some storage solutions will allow for the distribution of materials as they are needed. Others will demand that all materials be held on site. For ease of transport and use, all materials are labeled as denoted in the list of parts. In the following construction steps, each portion of construction is listed as it becomes necessary. However, some of these steps could be completed ahead of time - or at a separate location, if robust transport options are available. Those steps are listed below. Step B - girders can be attached before placement of concrete piers. Step C - all slices can be assembled ahead of time to speed up construction. Step F - as with step C Step I - as with step C Step J - as with step C Keep in mind that any assembly done off-site will significantly increase the weight and size of those parts - do not assemble any pieces off-site without a plan in place for their transport and safe placement. Construction Plan 65 Step of construction Explanation and instruction Reference images Tools and materials needed Minimum amount of workers needed C O N S T R U C T I O N Throughout this section, certain information will be listed on each page for quick reference. An explanation of this notation is found below. S T E P X Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. 3 Appendix A 66 Tools Measuring Tape Tape, Chalk or Paint Roles None STEP A - CONCRETE PIERS Lay out the concrete blocks, spaced as below. To aid in your placement, use a measuring tape alongside a non-permanent method of marking the ground (tape, chalk, paint, etc.). Orient the connectors along the long edge. 1 Construction Plan 67 STEP B - GIRDERS Place the 4" x 4" wooden girders into the metal connectors, centered along the long axis. Drill them into place from the outside with bolts placed through the openings of the metal connectors, keeping the bottoms of the girders 1/2" above the flat surfaces of the connectors for air flow. 3 Tools Measuring Tape Level Drill Roles Drill Appendix A 68 Tools Socket Wrench 3/8" Fasteners Hammer Nails Roles Heavy Lifting Hammer A2 A2 A1 G G M N D B N STEP C - ASSEMBLING A SLICE Laying the panels on their sides over a tarp or on a solid man-made surface, construct a basic slice of the shelter, making sure all access holes are on the interior. The wall panels should extend beyond the floor to be flush with the G connectors (including their 1/2" finish panel, which will not be attached at this stage.) 4 Use access holes and socket wrench to tighten threaded fasteners Attach G with threaded fasteners, but leave open for access Attach N to the wall with threaded fasteners, then to the roof with nails Construction Plan 69 STEP D - RAISING THE SLICE As a team, push or carry the slice up to the edge of the foundation and lift its lower edge onto the girders. With at least two workers guiding / supporting the slice, attach a rope to the pulley system (WIP) and pull it up to a vertical position, centered and resting perpendicular atop the girders. 6 Tools Ladder Pulley Rope Roles Heavy Lifting Appendix A 70 Tools Socket Wrench Fasteners Roles None STEP E - SECURING THE SLICE With the slice atop the girders, align it so that its edges align with the centers of the piers below on the long axis. Then use a socket wrench to secure the slice to the girders with threaded inserts. 6 Construction Plan 71 Tools Socket Wrench Fasteners Roles Heavy Lifting STEP F - DOOR WALL ASSEMBLY Lay the main panels of the door wall flat with their access holes facing upward and connect them through threaded inserts inserted into pre-drilled holes. Then, flip the entire panel over. 6 O A2 C F Appendix A 72 Tools Socket Wrench Fasteners Roles None STEP F - DOOR WALL ASSEMBLY Attach connectors to the door wall with threaded fasteners inserted into pre-drilled holes. Align connector J to these holes. Make sure to keep these connectors 1/2" lower than the faces of the panels so as to ensure a flush surface when the outward-facing panels are attached. 3 H I H J G Construction Plan 73 Tools Socket Wrench Fasteners Roles Heavy Lifting STEP G - RAISING THE DOOR WALL As a team, push or carry the slice up to the edge of the foundation and lift its lower edge onto the girders. With at least two workers guiding / supporting the slice, attach a rope to the pulley system (WIP) and pull it up to a vertical position, centered and resting against the slice that has been secured. 6 Appendix A 74 Tools Socket Wrench Fasteners Roles None STEP H - SECURING THE DOOR WALL With the slice atop the girders and flat against the edge of the secured slice, use a socket wrench to secure the slice to the girders and slice with threaded inserts. 5 Construction Plan 75 Tools Socket Wrench Fasteners Roles Heavy Lifting STEP I - SECOND BASIC SLICE Repeat Steps C, D, and E, creating a second slice and lifting it onto the girders from the side opposite the door, sliding it into place, and securing it both to the girders and to the existing structure using threaded inserts. 6 Appendix A 76 Tools Socket Wrench Fasteners Hammer Nails Roles Heavy Lifting Hammer A2 A1 G G M N D B N E E STEP J - WINDOW SLICE Repeat Step I (using the diagram below in place of the image for step C) to create a window slice. Then lift it onto the girders from the side opposite the door, slide it into place, and secure it both to the girders and to the existing structure using threaded inserts. 4 Use access holes and socket wrench to tighten threaded fasteners Attach G with threaded fasteners, but leave open for access Attach N to the wall with threaded fasteners, then to the roof with nails or P Construction Plan 77 Tools Socket Wrench Fasteners Roles Heavy Lifting STEP J - WINDOW SLICE Repeat Step I (using the diagram below in place of the image for step C) to create a window slice. Then lift it onto the girders from the side opposite the door, slide it into place, and secure it both to the girders and to the existing structure using threaded inserts. 6 Appendix A 78 Tools Socket Wrench Fasteners Roles Heavy Lifting STEP K - BACK WALL Repeat the first half of Step F (using the diagram below), laying the main panels with access holes facing upwards and attaching them by tightening fasteners into the pre-drilled holes located within the 3" access holes. Then, flip the panel over. 4 A2 A2 C F A2 Construction Plan 79 Tools Socket Wrench Fasteners Roles None STEP K - BACK WALL Attach connectors to the back wall with threaded fasteners inserted into pre-drilled holes. Align connector J to these holes. Make sure to keep these connectors 1/2" lower than the faces of the panels so as to ensure a flush surface when the outward-facing panels are attached. 3 H I H J G Appendix A 80 Tools Socket Wrench Fasteners Roles Heavy Lifting STEP K - BACK WALL (CONT.) Repeat Steps G & H using the back wall, raising it into place and attaching it to the girders and existing structure. 6 Construction Plan 81 Tools Hammer Nails WRB Tape Ladder Roles Hammer STEP L - WATERPROOFING Attach the finishing panels to the connectors with nails. Cover all external seams with WRB tape. Attach the door to the door frame as indicated in the included door installation manual. 1 Appendix A 82 Tools Ladder Rope Tarp Roles Rope Tying STEP L - ATTACHING THE TARP Center the tarp over the roof, and thread rope through the grommets at its edges. Take these ropes and attach them to stakes or weights on the ground directly beneath their grommets, making sure the rope is taut. A single grommet can go unused to leave the door unblocked. 2 Construction Plan 83 PA N EL A F A BR IC AT IO N Appendix A 84 TO O LS N EE DE D FA ST EN ER S N EE DE D 12 X 18 X PA N EL A Construction Plan 85 1 CU T AL L M AT ER IA L TO S IZ E 2 X 6 FRAMING1/2” PLYWOOD 2X 3X 2X 2’ - 0” 8’ - 0 “ 7’ - 9 ” 2’ - 0 ” 2 PR EP E XT ER IO R PL YW O O D SK IN W IT H 2 CO AT S O F W RB P AI N T AL LO W IN G T O DR Y CO M PL ET EL Y BE TW EE N C O AT S 3 PR EP IN TE RI O R PL YW O O D SK IN W IT H C O N N EC TI O N A CC ES S H O LE S 4 BU IL D PA N EL F RA M E 5 US E PR E M AD E JI G & C EN TE R PU N CH T O M AR K AL L BO LT H O LE L O CA TI O N S PA N EL A Appendix A 86 6 DR IL L AL L BO LT H O LE S (1 5/ 32 ”) 7 AT TA CH E XT ER IO R PL YW O O D SK IN 8 AD D IN SU LA TI O N 10 EM BE D TH RE AD ED IN SE RT S 9 AT TA CH IN TE RI O R PL YW O O D SK IN PA N EL A Construction Plan 87 Appendix A 88 Construction Plan 89 Appendix A 90 Construction Plan 91 Appendix A 92 Construction Plan 93 Appendix B: Structural Report 1 Structural Design Report Team: Bryce O, Wilka M, Clara D Fall 2024 Structural Report 95 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Project Overview 3 Design Assumptions 4 Material Properties 5 Karamba and Grasshopper analysis 6 Loading Limitations 8 Shear and Bending 9 Recommendations 10 Codes 10 Appendix B 96 3 Project Overview This SSP shelter uses 2x6 light wood framing components, arranged in slices which carry the assumed loads through these framing pieces, aligned top to bottom. At the bottom, these loads are distributed along 4”x 4” beam foundations placed perpendicular to the slices at either end, which carry the loads into the ground through concrete pier blocks. The roof, walls, and floor are connected with intermediary wooden joints, and each piece is connected together using metal bolts. Structural Report 97 4 Design Assumptions For the design of this structure, we have assumed that it is being constructed per ASCE 7-22 and the OSSC modifications that would modify the current ASCE 7-22. This structural analysis is assumed to take place in Silverton, Oregon, allowing for the following calculations of the controlling wind and snow loads. The modifications necessary for the snow load were not necessary for this project as the slope of the roof is greater than the 1/12 limitation listed by OSSC for the addition of rain on snow loading. The use of the ASCE 7 hazard tool was key in discovering the factors for the region that we selected using the city of Silverton as the site rather than a specific location in Silverton. The ASCE 7-22 load combination used was 1.2DL+1S+0.5W resulting in a load of 45 psf. Appendix B 98 5 Material Properties The material utilized for the construction of the SSPs were 2x6s at the length of 8 ft and ½ inch thick plywood. For purposes of design and calculations, the following properties were used. Part of SSP Young's Modulus Plywood 1738000 Stringers(Douglas Fir) 1627400 Location of SSP Deflection Limit(8ft lengths)(in) Floor 0.267 Roof 0.4 Structural Report 99 6 Karamba and Grasshopper Analysis The Karamba analysis above highlights the areas of maximum stress for each type of structural panel. Each panel’s stress concentration is shown in color gradients, with the darker parts indicating regions of maximum strength. This analysis helped us determine the size of the lumber that was used. The results validate the effectiveness of the panels in their designated roles and provide useful data for optimizing the design. Appendix B 100 7 The models above show the points of most stress and deformation on individual wooden components, the values of which fall within an acceptable range for the construction of our prototype. Physical modeling of this prototype confirmed these results, showing sufficient strength to stand as a completed slice and be stood in. The sectional analysis on the left shows the distribution of the LRFD loading on a two-foot slice. The loading in question shows the tensile stress experienced on the lower half of each roof slice and the load pathing of the Structural Report 101 8 distribution. This expresses the importance of monitoring deflection as weight is added to a slice and potentially increasing thickness. The analysis on the right shows the stress experienced by the whole shelter. The whole is experiencing compressive stress along the middle and tensile across the connections. The greatest deflection Xmax is found in the center of the shells and would need the most reinforcement there should the deflection increase past the limit of 0.4in for the roof. These models provide a more comprehensive analysis with assembled components. The most common weakness occurs at the center span of the roof SSPs. Bolt properties need more thorough analysis to determine their ability to support the in-plane roof connections fully, but were successful in physical prototyping. Appendix B 102 9 Loading Limitations The loads according to the APA supplement provided show that the limitations of the 2’x8’ SSP would be the following. The limit shown here is rolling shear which is below the listed weight of 48psf for an SSP considering the load combination from ASCE 7-22. The bolts and nails that are used in connections for the system are limited through pull-out and shearing The bolts are seemingly appropriate for shear with a limit of bending being the difficult reference point being 102 lbs so the recommended method of mitigation would be to increase the bolts in the connection. NDS lists the pull-out limit to the nails used to being 21 lb/in of embed so the 3 in of embedment of the nails would result in nearly 65 lbs of resistance per nail so using 7 nails would result in 455 lbs of resistance. Structural Report 103 10 Shear and Bending The highest shear experienced by the bolts in the roof is found to be 144 lbs of shear in the downward direction and 95 lbs in the upward direction. The simplified frame is used as the actual values have not differed largely from the simplified values therefore using the simplified frame as a basis for design was used. The bending will be greatest clearly at the seam and reinforced with a splice on the bottom of the SSP to support the tension forces that would be experienced at the seam. According to our design calculations, a bolt of the quality and diameter that is being utilized is capable of taking 510 lbs of shear. The NDS recommendations for shear capacities of the connection to the best of our knowledge are accurate and show the functionality of our seam connection with minor connection changes due to angle resulting in small changes. Appendix B 104 11 Recommendations The recommendations that we would make towards the construction of this shelter is to look into how one would plan to reinforce a larger structure, understanding that the center bending that we have limited by utilizing a smaller structure would face increased bending stress as the space increases in square footage. Methods for reinforcing the bending stress would include a splice width for each 2-foot slice of the shelter additional reinforcement could come from the support of the center through columns which would change our load pathing requiring additional foundational support therefore it is preferred to increase splice width increasing its capacity at the seam. During the assembly process, if the end wall cannot be attached relatively quickly, or a variation is being made that omits the end walls, another source of shear resistance is necessary to improve the lateral strength of this structure, as it showed weakness in prototyping which posed a risk to the structure and the safety of those assembling it. Our design does not account for the ground conditions of these sites so any geotechnical effects that can be considered will make the functionality of the shelter that much better. Codes ASCE 7-22: ● EQ 7.3-1 ● EQ 7.4-1 ● T 7.3-1 ● T 7.3-2 ● T 7.3-4 ● T 26.9-1 ● T 26.10-1 ● Hazard Tool OSSC: ● T 7.2 APA Supplement 3-23 ● 3.4.2 ● 3.4.3 ● 3.4.4 ● 3.4.5 ● 3.5.2 ● 3.5.3 Structural Report 105 12 ● 3.5.4 ● 3.5.5 ● 3.5.6 ● 3.6.3 ● 3.6.4 ● 3.6.5 ● 3.7.1 ● 3.7.3 NDS: ● 12.5.1 ● 12.5.1.2 ● 12.5.1.2a ● EQ 12.3-1 ● EQ 12.3-2 ● EQ 12.3-3 ● EQ 12.3-4 ● EQ 12.3-5 ● EQ 12.3-6 ● T 12.2C Appendix B 106 Appendix C: Stressed-Skin Panel Framing Appendix C 108 7' -9 " 2' 93 4 " 8' 23 4 " 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 3' -6 1 2" 7' -9 " 4" 4" 3" 4" 4" 51 4 " 51 2 " 51 4 " 4" 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 3' -6 1 2" 3' -8 " 4" 93 4 " 3' -8 " Th re ad ed In se rt Bo lt H ol e Pa ne l T yp e A 5F T 1F T 10 FT 1/ 2” = 1 ’ D ow el Stressed-Skin Panel Framing 109 7' -9 " 2' 1' -9 " 8' 23 4 " 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 3' -6 1 2" 7' -9 " 91 4 " 10 3 4" 4" 3" 4" 4" 51 4 " 51 2 " 51 4 " 4" 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 3' -6 1 2" 3' -8 " 3' -8 " 91 4 " 4" 4" Th re ad ed In se rt Bo lt H ol e D ow el Pa ne l T yp e B 5F T 1F T 10 FT 1/ 2” = 1 ’ Appendix C 110 8' 1' -8 " 7' -9 " 1' -5 " 4" 4" 3" 3' -8 " 4" 3' -8 " 1' 4" 4" 23 4 " 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 3' -6 1 2" 7' -9 " 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 3' -6 1 2" 4" 6" 6" 4" Th re ad ed In se rt Bo lt H ol e D ow el Pa ne l T yp e B. S 5F T 1F T 10 FT 1/ 2” = 1 ’ Stressed-Skin Panel Framing 111 3' -9 " 2' 1' -9 " 4' 23 4 " 1' -1 01 2 " 21 2 " 3' -9 " 91 4 " 1' -8 " 4" 4" 4' 4" 51 4 " 51 2 " 51 4 " 4" 4" 4" 1' -2 3 4" 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " Th re ad ed In se rt Bo lt H ol e D ow el Pa ne l T yp e C 5F T 1F T 10 FT 1/ 2” = 1 ’ Appendix C 112 1' -9 " 2' 2' 4" 51 4 " 51 2 " 51 4 " 4" 23 4 "21 2 " 73 4 " 1' -9 " 2' 2' 21 2 " 73 4 " Th re ad ed In se rt Bo lt H ol e Pa ne l T yp e D 5F T 1F T 10 FT 1/ 2” = 1 ’ Stressed-Skin Panel Framing 113 8' -2 1 2" 2' 1' -7 1 4" 1' -1 01 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 1' -9 1 16 " 1' -8 15 16 " 1' -4 7 16 " 10 7 8" 51 4 " 8' -3 " 31 4 " 6 5 16 " 11 11 16 " 10 3 4" 4" 1' -1 1 4" 10 3 4" 1' -1 1 4" 1' 1' -1 1 4" 8' -2 1 2" 2' 1" 1' -8 "2' -4 " 4' 6 7 16 " 3 8" 3" 1' -1 1" 2' -7 1 8" 8' -3 " 8' -2 1 2" 13 ° 23 4 "21 2 " 73 4 " 2 7 16 " 71 1 16 " 3 8" Th re ad ed In se rt Pa ne l T yp e E 5F T 1F T 10 FT 1/ 2” = 1 ’ D ow el Appendix C 114 D ow el 6' -4 1 2" 1' -3 " 7' -9 " 61 8 " 2' -1 13 4 " 3' -9 " 4' 8' 1' -5 1 4" 4' 8' 2' -1 13 4 " 61 8 " 6' -6 " 23 4 " 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 3' -6 1 2" 7' -9 " 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 3' -6 1 2" 51 4 " 51 2 " 6 3 16 " 3 1 16 " 3 1 16 " 6 3 16 " 51 2 " 51 4 " 3' -8 "3 1 16 " 1' -2 3 4" 93 8 " 1' -8 1 8" 3 1 16 " 4' -4 " 4"4" Th re ad ed In se rt Bo lt H ol e Pa ne l T yp e F 5F T 1F T 10 FT 1/ 2” = 1 ’ Stressed-Skin Panel Framing 115 3 4" 11 4 " 1' 21 4 " 1' 4"4" 91 4 " 91 4 " 41 2 " 4" 31 2 " 4" 31 2 " 13 4 " 21 4 " 41 2 " 31 2 " C on ne ct io n Ty pe A Th re ad ed In se rt Bo lt H ol e 5F T 1F T 10 FT 3/ 4” = 1 ’ Appendix C 116 D ow el 1' -2 " 1' -2 " 1' -8 " 4" 2' 4" 2' 3 4" 11 4 " 21 4 " 41 2 " 4" 31 2 " 4" 31 2 " 13 4 " 21 4 " 41 2 " 31 2 " Th re ad ed In se rt Bo lt H ol e C on ne ct io n Ty pe C 5F T 1F T 10 FT 1/ 2” = 1 ’ Stressed-Skin Panel Framing 117 7' -9 " 2' 1' -9 " 8' 23 4 " 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 3' -6 1 2" 7' -9 " 4" 4" 4" 51 4 " 51 2 " 51 4 " 4" 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 3' -6 1 2" 3' -8 " 3' -8 " 4" 4" Th re ad ed In se rt D ow el Pa ne l T yp e B. 2 5F T 1F T 10 FT 1/ 2” = 1 ’ Bo lt H ol e Appendix C 118 7' -9 " 2' 1' -9 " 8' 23 4 " 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 3' -6 1 2" 7' -9 " 91 4 " 10 3 4" 4" 3" 4" 4" 51 4 " 51 2 " 51 4 " 4" 21 2 " 1' -1 01 2 " 3' -6 1 2" 3' -8 " 3' -8 " 91 4 " 4" 4" Th re ad ed In se rt D ow el Pa ne l T yp e B 5F T 1F T 10 FT 1/ 2” = 1 ’ Bo lt H ol e Stressed-Skin Panel Framing 119 1' -9 " 2' 2' 4" 51 4 " 51 2 " 51 4 " 4" 23 4 "21 2 " 73 4 " 1' -9 " 2' 2' 21 2 " 73 4 " Th re ad ed In se rt Bo lt H ol e Pa ne l T yp e D 5F T 1F T 10 FT 1/ 2” = 1 ’ Appendix D: Final Class Submittal Final Class Submittal 121 TI M BE R TE C TO N IC S PR O FE SS O RS N AN C Y C H EN G & M AR IA PA O LA R IG G IO Appendix D 122 PR O C ES S W O RK AR C HI TE C TU RA L D ES IG N SS P D ES IG N C O NN EC TI O NS EN C LO SU RE ST RU C TU RA L A NA LY SI S C O NS TR UC TI O N PL AN PR O JE C T M AN AG EM EN T FI NA L R ES UL T 0201 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Final Class Submittal 123 PR O C ES S W O RK Fo r t he fi rs t f ou r w ee ks , fiv e te am s cr ea te d fiv e di ffe re nt d es ig ns . Ea ch d es ig n ha d pi ec es w hi ch h av e be en in te gr at ed in to o ur fi na l pr op os al … O ve ra ll sh ap e, w in do w s tr at eg y C or ne r c on ne ct io n m et ho d Fo un da tio n to li ft s tr uc tu re In te gr at ed p or ch In te rio r l of t, cl er es to ry w in do w s Appendix D 124 BU ILD IN G P RO C ES S Final Class Submittal 125 AR C HI TE C TU RA L D ES IG N KB , M ol ly , S ar ah Appendix D 126 O ur ti m be r p re fa br ic at ed e m er ge nc y sh el te r p ro vi de s an im m ed ia te , a da pt ab le h ou si ng s ol ut io n fo r i nd iv id ua ls a nd fa m ilie s di sp la ce d by c ris es . D es ig ne d w ith m od ul ar ity a nd c om fo rt in m in d, th is s ys te m o ffe rs m or e th an ju st a p la ce to s ta y— it se rv es as a fo un da tio n fo r r eb ui ld in g liv es a nd fo st er in g co m m un ity . Ea ch s he lte r b eg in s w ith a v er sa til e 8’ x8 ’ m od ul e, fu nc tio ni ng a s a be dr oo m , b at hr oo m , o r k itc he n. F or la rg er fa m ilie s or ev ol vi ng n ee ds , t he m od ul es c an e xp an d in to 8 x1 6 un its , a cc om m od at in g di ve rs e ho us eh ol d si ze s an d ac tiv iti es li ke s le ep in g, co ok in g, d in in g, a nd w or ki ng . P riv ac y, c om fo rt , a nd fl ex ib ilit y ar e ce nt ra l t o th e de si gn , e ns ur in g th at e ac h re si de nt fe el s se cu re an d di gn ifi ed . Th is m od ul ar s ys te m g oe s be yo nd in di vi du al s he lte rs . U si ng th e sa m e ki t o f p ar ts , it c an b e sc al ed to c re at e es se nt ia l co m m un ity s pa ce s su ch a s a di ni ng h al l o r r et ai l k io sk . T he se a dd iti on al s tr uc tu re s su pp or t c om m un al d in in g an d re so ur ce di st rib ut io n co nt rib ut in g to a th riv in g, in te rc on ne ct ed c om m un ity . C om m un ity e ng ag em en t i s fu rt he r e nc ou ra ge d th ro ug h sh ar ed p or ch es th at c on ne ct th e sh el te rs . T he se s pa ce s cr ea te op po rt un iti es fo r n ei gh bo rs to in te ra ct , s ha re re so ur ce s, an d bu ild a s en se o f b el on gi ng , a ll w hi le re sp ec tin g in di vi du al p riv ac y. Th is p ro je ct le ve ra ge s th e w ar m th a nd s us ta in ab ilit y of w oo d co ns tr uc tio n to p ro vi de a h um an e an d sc al ab le a pp ro ac h to em er ge nc y ho us in g. B y co m bi ni ng a da pt ab le p riv at e sp ac es w ith fu nc tio na l c om m un ity b ui ld in gs , it o ffe rs s ta bi lit y fo r in di vi du al s an d a fo un da tio n fo r r es ilie nt , s el f- su st ai ni ng c om m un iti es . A M od ul ar S ol ut io n fo r S ta bi lit y an d C om m un ity Final Class Submittal 127 8 P an el M od ul ar S ys te m P an el A P an el B P an el B (S ) P an el C P an el D P an el E P an el F P an el G Appendix D 128 8’ x 8 ’ ( B as ic S he lt er ) ½ ” = 1’ -0 ” S ca le M od el Final Class Submittal 129 8’ x 8 ’ ( B as ic S he lt er ) SE CT IO N EL EV AT IO N S P LA N Appendix D 130 8’ x 8 ’ P ro gr am O pt io ns BE D RO O M KI TC HE N BA TH RO O M Final Class Submittal 131 P LA N SE CT IO N 8’ x 16 ’ U ni t (E xp an de d Sh el te r) Appendix D 132 8’ x 16 ’ P ro gr am O pt io ns ST AN D AR D U NI T ST AN D AR D U NI T + BA TH RO O M KI TC HE N + BA TH RO O M U NI T Final Class Submittal 133 8’ x 8 ’ ( R et ai l K io sk ) SE CT IO N EL EV AT IO N S P LA N Appendix D 134 8’ x 8 ’ S tr uc tu ra l A xo no m et ri c 8’ x 16 ’ S tr uc tu ra l A xo no m et ri c Final Class Submittal 135 U N IT E XP A N SI O N T IM EL IN E Appendix D 136 IN TE R IO R 8 X8 V EN TI LA TI O N || O P ER A B LE W IN D O W S FO R B O TH 8 X8 A N D 8 X1 6 M O D U LE IN TE R IO R 8 X1 6 D A YL IG H T ST U D IE S || IN TE R IO R 8 X8 || IN TE R IO R 8 X1 6 Final Class Submittal 137 SI TE P LA N C LU ST ER O F SH EL TE RS AR RA NG EM EN T O F C LU ST ER S Appendix D 138 SS P D ES IG N Final Class Submittal 139 Appendix D 140 Final Class Submittal 141 Appendix D 142 C O N N EC TI O N S D AN IE L, JU M AN AH , A N D A LE JA N D RO Final Class Submittal 143 M at er ia l W oo d gl ue B ol ts S iz e: ⅜ ” d ia m et er , 2 .5 ” l en gt h. ⅜ ” W as he rs ⅜ ” E- Z LO K th re ad s Ex te rio r s cr ew s/ co ns tr uc tio n sc re w s Appendix D 144 To ol s St ar “ to rx ” dr iv e So ck et a nd R at ch et D ri ll B ra d po in t D ril l B it Final Class Submittal 145 Ite ra tin g th e co nn ec to r d es ig ns Appendix D 146 Final Class Submittal 147 Appendix D 148 W al l- to -w al l- In p la n ● C an a cc es s th es e bo lts th ru p re -c ut h ol es o n th e pa ne ls ● W ill ne ed to u se a s oc ke t an d a ra tc he t bo lt Ro of W al l Final Class Submittal 149 pr ot ot yp e Appendix D 150 W al l- to -F lo or & F lo or -t o- Fo un da tio n - Q ua nt ity : ● 16 to ta l - 2’ ● 6 to ta l- 8 ’ ● 2 to ta l- 2 0” ● 2 to ta l- 4 ’ - Pr e- cu t 1 5/ 32 ” h ol es fo r th e bo lts a nd th re ad ed fa st en er s. Lu m be r 6” 2’ 15 /3 2” Pr e- cu t bo lt ho le sc re w Final Class Submittal 151 Appendix D 152 Final Class Submittal 153 M at er ia l: P ly w oo d ● Im pr ov e in su la tio n pe rfo rm an ce ● Lig ht er th an lu m be r Q ua nt ity : ● 4 to ta l- 2 - 20 ” 2 - 4’ W al l- to -w al l - c or ne r Appendix D 154 Sh or t p an el Ty pi ca l p an el Final Class Submittal 155 Ro of -t o- W al l Q ua nt ity : 8 to ta l An gl e: 14 Appendix D 156 Final Class Submittal 157 Ro of w al l Appendix D 158 EN C LO SU RE JO N AH , D O N AV AN , A N D E TH AN Final Class Submittal 159 TH ER M A L P R O TE C TI O N S TR A TE G Y E ac h pa lle t h as 6 4 pa ne ls o f i ns ul at io n w ith di m en si on s 24 ” x 5 .5 ’ x 5. 5” , s o w e w ou ld n ee d to o rd er o ne p al le t f ro m G oG re en H om e S up pl y fo r o ne 8 ’ x 8 ’ s tru ct ur e. Th er e w ill b e w as te fr om th e pa ne ls a s th ey a re cu t t o fil l t he g ap s in th e fra m in g, w hi ch c an b e re pu rp os ed fo r o th er pa ne ls a nd fo r a dd iti on al sh el te rs . Appendix D 160 1 T ar p + O ve rh an g R oo f (W at er s he dd in g su rfa ce ) R e- us in g po ly et hy le ne ta rp fr om te nt pu rc ha se d, 1 0’ x2 0’ p un ct ur ed w ith gr om m et s an d tie d ow n sy st em M O IS TU R E P R O TE C TI O N S TR A TE G Y - K IT O F PA R TS R eu sa bl e fla sh in g, c ut to m ee t 2 ’ w id th s fo r pa ne l s iz e, a pp lic ab le fo r d oo r a nd w in do w pa ne ls (W at er s he dd in g su rfa ce ) Final Class Submittal 161 M O IS TU R E P R O TE C TI O N S TR A TE G Y - K IT O F PA R TS 4 ro lls o f W at er pr oo f U V T ap e S ec on da ry s ys te m b et w ee n sl ic es 4 ro lls (3 0’ ) = 1 20 ’ A pp lie d be tw ee n jo in ts b et w ee n pa ne ls a nd c on ne ct io ns p ie ce s to pr ev en t w at er in fil tra tio n. 5 b uc ke ts o f T im be r C oa tin g K ee ps th e st ru ct ur e du ra bl e ag ai ns t m oi st ur e 2 C oa ts o n pl yw oo d su rfa ce s & c on ne ct io ns , a dd in g up to ~1 20 0s f Appendix D 162 W A TE R P R O O FI N G S TR A TE G IE S - T A P E & F LA SH IN G A P P LI C A TI O N Final Class Submittal 163 FO U N D A TI O N S TR A TE G Y - K IT O F PA R TS 10 C em en t P ie r B lo ck s Fo un da tio na l s up po rts e ve ry 2 fe et sp ac ed a t i nt er se ct io ns b et w ee n S S P ’s to s up po rt st ru ct ur e. 2 10 ’ l on g 4x 4 flo or jo is ts Jo is ts to s up po rt S S P ’s a nd po rc h flo or jo is ts . Appendix D 164 FL O O R / FO U N D A TI O N C O N ST R U C TI O N C on ne ct io ns pi ec es Fl oo r S S P ’s C em en t P ie r B lo ck s 4x 4 jo is ts M ilk C ra te S te p 2x 6 D ec k jo is ts Final Class Submittal 165 D EC K D ET A IL O V E R H A N G IN G D E C K W IT H M IL K C R AT E S TE P Appendix D 166 W A LL T O F LO O R C O R N E R C O N N E C TI O N W IT H 4 x4 J O IS TS Final Class Submittal 167 W A LL T O W A LL P LA N C O R N E R P LA N Appendix D 168 W A LL T O R O O F H IG H O V E R H A N G Final Class Submittal 169 W A LL T O R O O F LO W O V E R H A N G Appendix D 170 R O O F D ET A IL S TA R P TO R O O F PA N E LS C A N TI LE V E R E D T A R P O V E R D E C K Final Class Submittal 171 W IN D O W S FI XE D 2 X2 O P ER A B LE 2 X4 Appendix D 172 ST RU C TU RA L AN AL YS IS Final Class Submittal 173 D es ig n Lo ad s S no w L oa d W in d Lo ad 33 .2 p sf 8. 4 ps f(w in d) 5 .2 p sf (L ee ) Lo ca ti on C ity S ta te S ilv er to n O re go n Lo ca tio n of S S P D ef le ct io n Li m it (8 ft le ng th s) (in ) Fl oo r 0. 26 7 R oo f 0. 4 4x 4 Fo un da tio n be am 0. 4 D efl ec ti on L im it s SS P L im ita ti on s A llo w ab le b as ed o n de fle ct io n 17 8. 8 ps f U lti m at e B en di ng S tre ss Li m it 15 1. 9 ps f R ol lin g S he ar L im it 52 .4 p sf H or iz on ta l S he ar L im it 13 3. 6 ps f Appendix D 174 Fr am in g : 2 x6 Si ze : 4 ' x 8 ' W ei g ht : 1 41 lb s X m ax (D oo r) : 0 .0 00 01 9 Fr am in g: 2 x6 Si ze : 2 ' x 8 ' 3 ” W ei gh t: 56 .5 lb s X m ax (W in do w F ra m e) : 0 .0 00 01 1 Fr am in g: 2 x6 Si ze : 2 ' x 4 ' W ei gh t: 54 .6 lb s X m ax (R oo f) : 0 .0 17 Fr am in g: 2 x6 Si ze : 2 ' x 2 ' W ei gh t: 20 .5 lb s X m ax (W in do w F ra m e) : 0 .0 00 18 SS P Pa ne ls K ar am ba A na ly si s P an el T yp e A P an el T yp e B P an el T yp e C P an el T yp e B .S . P an el T yp e D P an el T yp e E P an el T yp e F Fr am in g: 2 x6 Si ze : 2 ' x 8 ' W ei gh t: 11 9. 6 lb s X m ax (F lo or ): 0. 00 08 68 Fr am in g: 2 x6 Si ze : 2 ' x 8 ' W ei gh t: 99 lb s X m ax (W al l): 0 .0 00 02 3 X m ax (R oo f) : 0 .0 18 5 Fr am in g : 2 x6 Si ze : 1 ' 8 ” x 8 ' W ei g ht : 8 9 lb s X m ax : 0 .0 00 04 Final Class Submittal 175 C on ne ct io n: F lo or t o W al l Fr am in g: 2 x6 Si ze : 2 ' x 6 .5 ” x 6 .5 ” W ei gh t: 10 .3 lb s M ax . d is p. : 0. 00 13 4 C on ne ct io n: W al l t o R oo f Fr am in g: 2 x6 Si ze : 2 ' x 6 .5 ” x 2 ” W ei gh t: 5. 6 lb s M ax . d is p. : 0 .0 00 97 5 Fo un da ti on b ea m s: Id ea l* s up po rt d is t. : 4 ’ o .c . Si ze : 4 ” x 4 ” x 10 ’ W ei g ht : 3 5. 5 lb s M ax . d is p. : 0 .0 00 16 5 *li m it m ov em en t f or c om fo rt , a es th et ic s fr om e xt er io r, an d co st c on si de ra tio ns Appendix D 176 Sh el l K ar am ba A na ly si s P la n: 8 ’ x 8 ’ ( B as ic S he lte r) Xm ax : .0 06 09 8 P la n: 8 ’ x 16 ’ ( Ex pa nd ed S he lte r) Xm ax : .0 15 30 6 Th e an al ys is b el ow s ho w s th e st re ss e xp er ie nc ed b y th e w ho le sh el te r. Th e w ho le is e xp er ie nc in g co m pr es si ve s tr es s al on g th e m id dl e an d te ns ile a cr os s th e co nn ec tio ns . T he g re at es t de fle ct io n Xm ax is fo un d in th e ce nt er o f t he s he lls a nd w ou ld ne ed th e m os t r ei nf or ce m en t t he re s ho ul d th e de fle ct io n in cr ea se p as t t he li m it of 0 .4 in fo r t he ro of . Se ct io n K ar am ba A na ly si s Th e di st rib ut io n of th e LR FD lo ad in g on a tw o fo ot s lic e is s ho w n be lo w . Th e lo ad in g in q ue st io n sh ow s th e te ns ile s tr es s ex pe rie nc ed o n th e lo w er h al f o f e ac h ro of s lic e an d th e lo ad p at hi ng o f t he d is tr ib ut io n. T hi s ex pr es se s th e im po rt an ce o f m on ito rin g de fle ct io n as w ei gh t i s ad de d to a s lic e an d po te nt ia lly in cr ea si ng th ic kn es s. Final Class Submittal 177 R oo f F ra m in g A na ly si s P la n: 8 ’ x 8 ’ ( B as ic S he lte r) Xm ax : 0 .0 11 08 P la n: 8 ’ x 16 ’ ( Ex pa nd ed S he lte r) Xm ax : 0 .0 11 15 Th es e m od el s sh ow a m or e de ta ile d ex am pl e of th e lo ad in g co nd iti on s on th e ro of p la ne . I nt er na l f ra m in g pr ov id es m or e co ns is te nt s up po rt th ro ug h th e sp an , cr ea tin g le ss d is cr ep an cy b et w ee n th e ba si c sh el te r an d ex pa nd ed it er at io n, a nd le ss s tr ai n at th e ce nt er as w ou ld b e ex pe ct ed o n a si ng le s pa nn in g su rf ac e. D efl ec tio n va lu es s ho w a llo w ab le s tr ai n un de r s no w lo ad c on di tio ns , a ss um in g co nn ec tio ns b et w ee n pa ne ls h av e a si m ila r r ig id ity to th e SS P s. Appendix D 178 C O N ST RU C TI O N P LA N Final Class Submittal 179 Appendix D 180 Final Class Submittal 181 Appendix D 182 Final Class Submittal 183 Appendix D 184 Final Class Submittal 185 Appendix D 186 Final Class Submittal 187 Appendix D 188 Final Class Submittal 189 Appendix D 190 Final Class Submittal 191 Appendix D 192 Final Class Submittal 193 Appendix D 194 Final Class Submittal 195 Appendix D 196 Final Class Submittal 197 Appendix D 198 Final Class Submittal 199 Appendix D 200 Final Class Submittal 201 Fr am e As se m bl y M ar ki ng D ril lin g Appendix D 202 “B re ad S lic e” A ss em bl y Final Class Submittal 203 “B re ad S lic e” A ss em bl y Appendix D 204 PR O JE C T M AN AG EM EN T Sc he du lin g, g ro up c om m un ic at io n, m at er ia l p ro cu re m en t C om m un ic at io n vi a M ic ro so ft Te am s C ol la bo ra tio n vi a Zo om m ee tin g an d M iro b oa rd s Final Class Submittal 205 Ti m el in e Fi rs t t w o w ee ks : i ni tia l d es ig ni ng 11 /1 5 -> C on st ru ct io n re vi ew 11 /1 8 -> A ll SS P ty pe s fin al ize d 11 /2 5 -> P re fa b. S SP P an el s Fi ni sh c on st ru ct io n do cu m en ts 12 /2 - > Bu ild W ee k Ap pl y W RB / St ai n to e xt er io r 12 /5 - > St ar t A ss em bl y 12 /6 - > Fi na l R ev ie w Appendix D 206 Bu dg et in g $1 70 $2 3. 40 $1 18 $7 .9 9 Final Class Submittal 207 Pr oj ec t C os t A ll M at er ia l C os ts : $ 1, 66 7. 78 W oo d Pr od uc ts : $ 1, 07 9. 30 Ha rd w ar e: $ 2 30 .5 8 M od el in g/ P ro to ty pi ng : $ 2 42 .10 O th er S tu di o C os ts : $ 3 31 .3 0 Pr oj ec t T ot al : $ 2 ,18 4. 25 D on at io ns Se m i- Tr an sp ar en t p ai nt -O n W RB Re cl ai m ed d oo r a nd h ar dw ar e 8 fo un da tio n ci nd er b lo ck s Appendix D 208 Li st o f m at er ia ls Li st o f t oo ls So ck et a nd R at ch et D ril l St ar “t or x” d riv e Br ad p oi nt D ril l B it Ba nd sa w Ro ut er Ja pa ne se h an d sa w Sa nd pa pe r Ha m m er La dd er 56 4 x8 p ly w oo d 13 9 2x 6 di m en si on al lu m be r 6 4' x 8 ' x 1/ 2” P ly w oo d Pa ne ls 10 2 x 4 x 8 ’- di m en si on al lu m be r 2 4” x4 ”x 12 ’ l um be r 8 ci nd er b lo ck s (1 20 ) 2. 5" x 3 /8 " E xt er io r B ol ts (1 20 ) 3/ 8" E xt er io r W as he rs (1 20 ) 3/ 8” E Z- Lo k Th re ad ed In se rt s 1 g al lo n of T ite bo nd E xt er io r W oo d G lu e 4 ro lls o f w at er pr oo f U V ta pe 1 t im be rp ro c oa tin g Ta rp M et al s he et fl as hi ng 5. 5” H em pi te ct ur e He m pw oo l Final Class Submittal 209 TH AN K YO U FR O M A LL O F US A T O RE G O N A N D O RE G O N S TA TE ! Marc Schlossberg SCI Co-Director, and Professor of Planning, Public Policy and Management, University of Oregon Nico Larco SCI Co-Director, and Professor of Architecture, University of Oregon Megan Banks SCYP Director, University of Oregon Lindsey Hayward SCYP Assistant Program Manager, University of Oregon Grace Craven Report Coordinator Danielle Lewis Graphic Designer SCI Directors and Staff