CENTRAL EASTSIDE INDUSTRIAL CO-OP ENERGY PROGRAM Scott Grbavac University of Oregon Architectural Programming Fall 2007 CENTRAL EASTSIDE INDUSTRIAL CO-OP ENERGY PROGRAM Company towns of the Industrial Revolution housed thousands of factory workers, but often included schools, churches, stores, and other services that helped transform these neighborhoods into vibrant communities.1 An urban adaptation of the ?company town? typology would contribute to an inhabitable Central Eastside Industrial District. The infusion of new industry into Portland?s historic industrial sanctuary would result in job growth within the central city, and additional housing would help accommodate the region?s anticipated population growth. The type also has ecological implications. Because very little of the workforce would require motorized transportation, the increase in density would not necessarily mean an increase in automobile traffic. Also, by re-industrializing cities within the United States, emissions generated by international shipping would be drastically reduced. Energy consumption is an important part of this project for several reasons. In industry, the most significant benefit in energy conservation is financial. The manufacturing process involves a lot of (expensive) energy, and the success of future industry depends on the ability to use that energy as efficiency as possible. Focusing all the energy on manufacturing, rather than shipping materials and products from other countries would maximize energy use.2 The residential part of this project would also benefit from responsible energy usage. Housing for workers in a sort of urban ?company town? would have to be affordable in order to be a reasonable option. Eliminating the costs associated with energy consumption would make living much cheaper for the workers, especially when combined with the proximity of their workplace. The conservation of energy is also important ecologically, because it is difficult to create sustainable energy inexpensively, it is likely that much of the energy will be produced through traditional methods. By using energy efficiently, the environmental impact of the industrial process use may be curtailed. Socially, energy conservation can be a good generator of other sustainable practices, like recycling, bicycling, or even urban farming: 1 Nelson, David. The Rise of the Company Town. The Industrial Revolution. Editor: Scalup, Brenda. The Green Haven Press. San Diego. 2002. 2 Healy, Robert. America?s Industrial Future: An Environmental Perspective. The Conservation Foundation. Washington, D.C. 1982. activities that have the potential for social interaction. By emphasizing sustainability and the efficient use of energy at this project, like-minded people throughout Portland would have sort of a forum for their environmental interests. The site that has been chosen for this project is two blocks at the intersection of SE 2nd Ave. and SW Morrison St. in the Central Eastside Industrial District. One of the blocks is vacant, with the other occupied by the 8-story Portland Storage Building. The existing building is made of brick, which can act as a thermal mass to prevent overheating in the summer, and promote heat gains in the winter. Unfortunately natural light is an issue for the Portland Storage Building. There are no windows on the east side, and the windows on the other sides are fairly small openings. The elevated Morrison Bridge segment that runs to the south of both blocks is another problem. This makes day lighting on the first two floors difficult. However, because of the relatively low buildings surrounding the site, there is a lot of solar access above the Morrison Bridge level, making the south face of the existing building and that of a potential new high(er)rise building ideal locations for solar arrays. In general, new industrial facilities are usually more efficient due to the advancements in machine technology and ergonomics.3 If combined with appropriate site and climate responses, the efficiency of a modern factory can demonstrate the positive contribution that re-industrialization can have in the city and environment. 3 Healy, Robert. America?s Industrial Future: An Environmental Perspective. Works Cited Healy, Robert. America?s Industrial Future: An Environmental Perspective. The Conservation Foundation. Washington, D.C. 1982. Nelson, David. The Rise of the Company Town. The Industrial Revolution. Editor: Scalup, Brenda. The Green Haven Press. San Diego. 2002. SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS Size Occupancy Function Adjacencies OCCUPANTS Hours of Occupation Frequency Number USE / ACTIVITIES Types of activities Frequency Special Issues AMENITIES Restrooms Kitchen Conference Space Media STORAGE Size Equipment Supplies LIGHTING Task Lighting Ambient Lighting EQUIPMENT Refrigerator Microwave Computers Printers Machinery Fork Lifts Trucks 20,000 sq. ft. 50 employees Manufacturing and shipping Connected to office space and street 12 hours Weekdays 50+ employees 10,000 sq. ft. warehouse Lumber, recyclables, scrap metal, machinery Large racks and automated storage 2 fixtures for men, 4 for women Breakroom Meeting space for assignments Wireless internet Active assembly, and fabrication Weekdays Health and safety, ventilation and light Task lighting at work spaces Direct/indirect lighting in larger volumes PRODUCTION FACILITY SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS Size Occupancy Function Adjacencies OCCUPANTS Hours of Occupation Frequency Number USE / ACTIVITIES Types of activities Frequency Special Issues AMENITIES Restrooms Kitchen Conference Space Media STORAGE Size Equipment Supplies LIGHTING Task Lighting Ambient Lighting EQUIPMENT Refrigerator Microwave Computers Printers Projectors Stereo Equipment 10,000 sq. ft. 25+ units 50 employees Creative and administrative Connected to factory 12 hours Weekdays 50+ employees 500 sq. ft. Computers, office supplies Shelving and cabinets 2 fixtures for men, 4 for women Breakroom Meeting space for presentations Wireless internet and multimedia accessibility Computer work, drawing, modelling Weekdays Design collaboration, social work space Task lighting at work spaces Indirect lighting in communal spaces OFFICES SPACE SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS Size Occupancy Function Adjacencies OCCUPANTS Hours of Occupation Frequency Number USE / ACTIVITIES Types of activites Frequency Special Issues AMENITIES Restrooms Kitchen Outdoors Media STORAGE Size Equipment Supplies LIGHTING Task Lighting Ambient Lighting EQUIPMENTS Oven Stove Refrigerator Microwave Computers Projectors Stereo Equipment Wood Shop Machinery 150,000 sq ft in 100+ units over several stories 1-4 residents Living Above factory and community center 24 hours Daily 200+ Residents Food stuff, dishes, table settings Furniture, workshop machines, A/V equipment Shelving and cabinetry to prevent children?s mischief 1 per unit Fully functional Balconies in some of the units Wireless internet throughout tower Eating, sleeping, gathering, etc Daily Elevator and stair access, street connection Trakc lighting for gallery, task lighting in kitchen Direct/indirect, dimmable for performances and dining RESIDENTIAL TOWER SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS Size Occupancy Function Adjacencies OCCUPANTS Hours of Occupation Frequency Number USE / ACTIVITIES Types of activities Frequency Special Issues AMENITIES Restrooms Kitchen Outdoors Media STORAGE Size Equipment Supplies LIGHTING Task Lighting Ambient Lighting EQUIPMENT Oven Stove Refrigerator Microwave Computers Projectors Stereo Equipment Wood Shop Machinery 10,000 sq. ft, high volume Residents, children and visitors Dining Hall, day care, workshop, performance space Street entrance and a connection to residential tower Morning-Evening, plus additional scheduled use Daily with periodic special events Over 200 500 sq. ft. Furniture, workshop machines, A/V equipment Shelving and cabinets to prevent children?s mischief 2 fixtures for men, 4 for women Fully functional, accommodating large groups Elevated terrace and street level space Audio and visual presentations customizable Social activities involving members of the Co-op Daily day-care and kitchen activity, weekly events Fully accessible, acoustic consideration, ventilation Track lighting for gallery, task lighting in kitchen Direct/indirect, dimmable for performances and dining COMMUNITY CENTER SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS Size Occupancy Function Adjacencies OCCUPANTS Hours of Occupation Frequency Number USE / ACTIVITIES Types of activities Frequency Special Issues AMENITIES Restrooms Showroom Media STORAGE Size Equipment Supplies LIGHTING Task Lighting Ambient Lighting EQUIPMENT Computers Printers Signage 5,000 sq. ft. 10 employees Marketing and sales Connected to office space, factory, and street 12 hours Weekdays 5 employees at a time 1,000 sq. ft. warehouse Producct Stock and packaging Shelving and storage racks 1 fixture for men, 2 for women Displays products Informative installations, exterior signage Sales and distribution Weekdays Exposure to public Task lighting at counters Direct at displays, indirect lighting in larger volumes RETAIL OUTLET SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS Size Occupancy Function Adjacencies OCCUPANTS Hours of Occupation Frequency Number USE / ACTIVITIES Types of activities Frequency Special Issues AMENITIES Restrooms Kitchen Produce Media STORAGE Size Equipment Supplies LIGHTING Task Lighting Ambient Lighting EQUIPMENT Computers Refrigerators Oven Stove Signage 5,000 sq. ft. 10 employees Grocery and supply sales Connected to residence tower and street 24 hours Daily 5 employees at a time 1,000 sq. ft. warehouse Product stock and packaging Shelving and storage racks 1 fixture for men, 2 for women Baking and food preparation Basic natural foods and stapes Informative installations, exterior signage Sales, stocking Daily Correct sizing to support specific community Task lighting at counters Direct at displays, indirect lighting in larger volumes GENERAL STORE FACTORY RETAIL COMMUNITY CENTER STORE RESIDENTIAL FUNTIONAL GROUPING Community Living Community Amenities Community Employment FACTORY OFFICE RETAIL COMMUNITY CENTER STORE RESIDENTIAL ENERGY NEEDS GROUPING Low Usage High Usage Very High Usage OFFICE RETAIL FACTORY COMMUNITY CENTER STORE RESIDENTIAL SCHEDULING NEEDS Daily/Nightly Weekdays OFFICE RETAIL FACTORY COMMUNITY CENTER RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL STORE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION Ver tical Community