Fall 08 Issue 2, Volume 3 babel.uoregon.edu/globaltalk Free! Take me! Winter Traditi ons GLOBAL TALK is seeking people for contribution in any language sections, email jpeacock@uoregon.edu if interested. Welcome back to everybody! A new year for all of you out there and a new year for Global Talk. Our last issue’s preface on mythology featured an illustrious contributor: Dr. Dave Frohnmayer, president of the University of Oregon. He wrote a very eloquent and thoughtful introduction to our fall issue reminding us all about the importance of being exposed to different languages and cultures and the prominent role that this exchange plays in our lives. I cannot agree more with him. After moving from Italy to the U.S.A. I met a different environment, a different language, and a completely new way of life. It is now for me unthinkable to go back to my previous way of thinking, because all my customs, beliefs, even my own native language have become blended with all the multiplicity of other civilizations that exist around our globe. This always becomes a source of excitement. My advice to all of you is: despite this economical crisis, take the time to gather all your savings and travel, travel, and keep traveling. If you cannot do this right now you can always get informed and enjoy the variety of languages and cultures around the world by enrolling in a foreign language class at the UO, researching on your own at your UO library, or more conveniently—why not—reading this current issue of Global Talk. In this issue we feature various winter traditions: from China to Tanzania, Poland to Japan, Ireland to Latin America, and more and more! This issue comes out with a little delay, so we apologize to all our contributors and supporters. Our next issue on science and technology around the world will come shortly after this. In March we will have our last issue of the fall term on philosophy. Thanks to all our sponsors, editors, contributors, and readers! We usually count about 30-40 collaborators every issue, making this one of the most collaborative publication of the University of Oregon! We are appreciative for the recognition we have received being part of the scholarly bank database (https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu), in Wikipedia, and in Spain (biblioteca.universia.net). We are always looking for more input and contributions from all of you readers out there! Write us an email, visit our website http://babel.uoregon.edu/globaltalk, nurture your interest in world cultures by joining us…and build your resumè! Nicolino Applauso (Founding Editor of Global Talk ) CREDITS: COVER Mengyu Chen PRESIDENT/EDITOR: Jared Peacock CHINESE SECTION: Mengyu Chen (Student Editor), Mengwei Deng, Denise Gigliotti (Faculty Editor) FRENCH SECTION: Colette Crouse (Student Editor) GERMAN SECTION: Barbara Siemens, Patrick Moran, Joel Reynolds, Thea Samson, Markus Zihlmann (Faculty Editor) ITALIAN SECTION: Annaleigh Boggess, Heidi Scheidl, Danielle Campbell, Vince D'Onofrio, Kate Schjoneman (Student Editor), Nicolino Applauso (Faculty Editor) JAPANESE SECTION: Melissa Kim, Alex Lozowski (Student Editor), Dr. Naoko Nakadate (Faculty Editor) PORTUGUESE SECTION: Quillyn Brown, Francine Porter (Co-Editors) RUSSIAN SECTION: Elenda Golovchanskaya (Editor), Daria Shulgina (Faculty Editor) SCANDINAVIAN SECTION: Bryar Lindberg (Student Editor), Ellen Rees (Faculty Editor) SLAVIC SECTION Weronika Budak (General editor). SPANISH SECTION: Lucia Arese, Vania Loredo, Jackie Sheean(Student Editors), Alvaro Ares (Faculty Editor) SWAHILI SECTION: Evans Oscar Temi (Student Editor) AROUND THE WORLD: Caitlin Hannah REAR COVER DESIGN: Theodora Ko Thompson FOUNDING EDITOR: Nicolino Applauso * The views expressed in this issue of Global Talk do not necessarily represent those of the organization. ACKNOWELDGEMENTS: We would like to thank: Germanic Department, Yamada Language Center, University Housing, Romance Language Department. Without their financial support this publication would not be possible. Chinatoday.com冬至与传统 Mengyu Chen 众所周知，12月22日是北半 球的冬至日。这一天，阳光直 射南回归线，北半球迎来一年 之中白昼最短的一天。 在中国传统中，冬至是重要 的二十四节气之一，也被人们 看作一个节日，因此，在民间 更有“冬至如大年”的说法。 冬至源于汉朝。《汉书》中 说：“冬至阳气起，君道长， 故贺。”人们认为：过了冬 至，白昼一天比一天长，阳气 回升，是一个节气循环的开 始，也是一个吉日，应该庆 贺。 在唐、宋时期，冬至是祭 天祭祀祖的日子。 中国人注重饮食的习惯也在 冬至有所体现。俗话说“三九 补一冬，来年无病痛，“ 冬至 进补，春天打虎”，在寒冷的 季节，人们会选择不同的食物 来滋补。比较普遍的冬至食材 是羊肉与萝卜。 在冬季人们体制偏寒，二 羊肉是热性食物。所以人们相 信，持羊肉能达到驱寒与滋补 的功效。南方人喜欢喝羊肉 汤，而北方人喜欢吃羊肉饺 子。 萝卜一般在冬季收获。 萝卜中 含有蛋白质、糖、维生素A、维 生素C、尼克酸，以及无素钙、 磷、铁等，对人体很有好处， 并且它在中国传统的医学有重 要的药用价值。有谚称“萝卜 进城，药铺关门”，就说明了 萝卜的功效。 现在，冬至对人们来说，更 大的意义在于家人团聚，享受 闲适而幸福的年末时光。 Laba Porridge (Baidu.com) Legends about the origin of this festivity abound. One holds that over 3,000 years ago sacrificial rites called La were held in the twelfth lunar month when people of- fered up their preys to the gods of heaven and earth. The Chinese characters for prey and the twelfth month were interchange- able then, and ever since La has been used to refer to both. Since the festival was held on the eighth day of the Last month, people later appended the number eight (ba in Chinese), giving us the cur- rent Laba. The majority Han Chinese have long followed the tradition of eat- ing Laba rice porridge on the Laba Festival. (Source: englishc.com) Laba Festival Laba is celebrated on the eighth day of the last lunar month, referring to the traditional start of celebrations for the Chinese New Year. “La” in Chinese means the 12th lunar month and ba means eight. lishui.gov.cn Vocabulary How do you celebrate the coming of winter? nĭ men zěn me qìng zhù dōng tiān de dào lái? 你们怎么庆祝冬天的到来？ Are you flying home for Winter Break? Nĭ hán jià huí jiā mā? 你寒假会回家吗？ What do you do when it snows or is icy? Xià xuě de shí hòu nĭ huì zuò shén me? 下雪的时候你会作什么？ What is winter like in your country? Dōng tiān zài nĭ guó jiā shì shén me yàng de? 冬天在你们国家是什么样的？ Winter, Li Xunya, Chinese Tradtional Painting HINESE Section 十二月 第4页 5 RENCH Section decembre 2008 http://www.usefilm.com/image/531771.h tml Le Balbuzard: oiseau au Sénégal Le balbuzard (“osprey” en anglais), un oiseau de proie http://www.mnh.si.edu/exhibits/natures_ best_2006/gallery/osprey.html qui vient de l'Écosse, passe l'hiver en Afrique de l'Ouest, au Sénégal et Gambia. Les petits passent leur premiers deux ans en Afrique avant de migrer au nord pour l'été. Le balbuzard mange du poisson et est un des oiseaux de proie les plus exceptionnels dans le monde. Le balbuzard est célèbre pour sa technique de pêche spectaculaire. Winter Holidays in Senegal The Senegalese celebrate Muslim, Christian and national holidays, including Christmas, Mawloud (celebrating the birth of the prophet Muhammad), Tamkarit and Tabaski. Due to the fact that 95% of the Senegalese population is Muslim, Islamic holidays tend to entail more elaborate and widespread celebrations than do Christian holidays. It is interesting to note, however, that both Christians and Muslims invite one another to their respective religious celebrations. Muslim holidays are timed according to a lunar calendar, which means they fall on different dates each year. Tabaski- Feast of the Sacrifice: 9 decembre Without a doubt, Senegal's biggest winter holiday as well as the biggest Islamic holiday of the year is the Feast of the Sacrifice (commonly known by its Woloff term, Tabaski), which commemorates Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son Isaac, and the sacrifice of a lamb in Isaac's stead. During Tabaski each family purchases at least one lamb, which is then taken down to the ocean and washed by the youngest male members of the family. Following a religious mass, the head of each household sacrifices the lamb, whose mutton is cooked into a variety of dishes for the festival. http://picasaweb.google.com/aidworkr/Tabaski2007#5 148983089174858274 Tamkarit- Islamic New Year: 29 decembre According to Islamic belief, Tamkarit is the day on which Allah determines people's destinies. Celebrations begin at sunset with a feast that includes a special meal consisting primarily of couscous with chicken, beef or lamb, and a piece of mutton saved from Tabaski. Those who cannot provide their own feast are invited to partake in their friends' and neighbors'. When only couscous remains, milk is poured over the couscous and eaten. Afterwards, each person makes a wish while dropping the couscous bowl, and a verse from the Koran is recited 1,111 times in order to ensure the forgiveness of each person's sins. Children and youth then participate in a sort of “trick or treat” tradition, in which boys dress in girls' garments and vice versa. Singing and dancing, they traverse the neighborhood and receive small gifts such as millet and sometimes money. These gifts are then put toward a neighborhood- or village-wide feast that takes place in January. TALIAN Section (Dicembre 2008) Buon Natale, a tavola! By Vince D'Onofrio In Italia e per tanti italiani il pesce é molto importante per Natale. Tanti piatti sono a base di pesce. La mia famiglia é italo-americana e ogni anno noi mangiamo pasta con sugo di granchio. Mia mamma cucina il sugo col pomodoro, l’aglio, le cipolle e l’olio di oliva. Cucina per tre o quattro ore. É una grande tradizione per la famgilia d’Onofrio. Ogni anno io non vedo l’ora di mangiare la pasta al granchio. Altri pesci che gli italiani consumano a Natale sono il baccalà, le vongole, e I gamberoni. Mario Batali é un famoso cuoco specializzato nella cucina italiana. Lui é italo- americano e ha tanti ristoranti negli Stati uniti. Questo e’ un link per le sue ricette a Natale. www.epicurious.com/article sguides/holidays/christmas/batalisev enfishes ero che ne troviate Buon Natale e buon appetito! Questo link ha ricette tipiche per gli italani. Sp una per voi! VOCABOLARIO By Danielle Campbell 1. How do you celebrate the coming of winter? Come celebri l'arrivo dell'inverno? 2. Are you going to visit...? Visiterai...? 3. Are you flying home for winter break? Prenderai l’aereo per ritornare a casa tua questa vacanza d'inverno? 4. What do you do when it snows or is icy? Cosa fai quando nevica o é ghiacciato? 5. What is winter like in your country? Com'e' l’inverno nel tuo paese? http://www.galleriaroma.it/Siracusa La Festa Di Santa Lucia By Annaleigh Boggess Santa Lucia era la santa patrona della Sicilia tanti anni fa. Oggi in italia la festa é il 13 dicembre. La notte della festa di Santa Lucia, i bambini mettono un pó di cibo fuori la porta per la santa, é anche un po` di zucchero per l’asino volante che l’ha aiutata a viaggiare. Santa Lucia mette regali per i bambini che li trovano la mattina dopo. I genitori dicono che se i bambini vedono la santa Lucia, lei metterá delle ceneri nei loro occhi. La festa é molto popolare tra i bambini in italia. Alcune parole di A. Malavolta Poesia di Heidi Scheidl Anche se é ancora autunno, ora l'inverno ritorna. Ricorda che questa vita é sempre una tragedia non credere al destino, perché non so se é umano in realtà. Se potessi persuaderei la gente a studiare la scienza moderna l'esperienza oggi arriva dopo la modernitá Tutto una volta era chiaro, ora, è invece sangue, secondo me vivere vuol dire trovare un amore con musica dipingere, suonare, scrivere, e leggere la letteratura non capisco perché spesso mi piace ridere nella tragedia per esprimere la mia emozione interiore nel mondo esterno che anche se era stato una cosa negativa - ora é positiva. Questa vita é come un treno troppo veloce che arriva sempre in ritardo mi piace ridere alla tragedia perché non capisco niente e nessuno Quando arriverá l'inverno Potrei cambiare idea siccome ogni anno, le cose si ripetono ripetutamente , per sempre, sempre http://d3.biggestmenu.com/ CHRISTMAS IN ITALY Christmas is very important in Italy. Italians usually eat the Panettone, the traditional sweet bread cake enjoyed with a bottle of Spumante, sweet sparkling wine. Many Italians have a Presepe at home, a nativity scene first created by Saint Francis of Assisi. ----------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in the Circolo Italiano? (Italian Club) Music, food, movies, fun and friends! Contact: kmanzone@uoregon.edu ortuguese Section Dezembro 2008 Natal no Verão? Como sabemos, quando o inverno começa no hemisfério norte o verão chega ao sul. Portanto, enquanto os norte Americanos aproveitam o feriado para descansar dentro de casa, próximo da lareira: os Brasileiros costumam se encontrar na praia junto de uma boa cerveja ou água de côco. Por isso, ao invés de discutirmos as tradições de inverno, vamos falar sobre o verão. O Brasileiro tem em media, de 15 a 30 dias de ferias pagas. E esta é a época do ano o qual a maioria dos Brasileiros as usam. Obviamente, para ter seu descanso, mais especialmente, para aproveitar o calor do verão na beira da praia. Normalmente, para celebrar o natal, as pessoas encontram suas família, na casa de um dos parentes, na noite da véspera do natal. Nesta noite, as famílias jantam juntas e á meia- noite todos abrem seus presentes. No jantar de natal a comida típica é o peru, as frutas secas, nozes e o panetone. Variações deste banquete ocorre conforme a região do Brasil. O Ano Novo ou Réveillon é celebrado vestindo em branco, o que simboliza paz, nova começo ou tranqüilidade. Se celebrado na praia, o que é muito comun, as pessoas todas de branco, assistem o show de fogos de artifício. Depois dos fogos muitos oferecem flores pra Yemanjá, considerada a deusa do oceano. Outras tradições como pular 7 ondas ou carregar sementes nos bolsos durante a passagem do ano novo é muito comun para simbolizar boa sorte e prosperidade, respectivamente. Independente da sua tradição nesse feriado, FELIZ NATAL e FELIZ ANO NOVO! Page created by: Quillyn Brown and Francine Porter Vocabulário Vocabulary Christmas: Natal New Years: Réveillon Holidays: Feriados Aprenda um pouco de Português! Learn a Little Portuguese! What is winter like in your country? Como está o inverno em seu pais? How do you celebrate the coming of winter? Como você celebra a chegada de inverno? Are you going to visit...? Você vai visitar…? Are you flying home for the Break? Você esta voando para casa para as ferias? ussian section (Январь,2009)      In Russia New Year’s Eve is a very important holiday, families gather up and celebrate the coming of a new  year. Russian Christmas (which is Russian Orthodox Christmas) on the other hand is on January 7th, and  is also a family  celebration but not as big as the New Year’s. And Old Year is celebrated on January 13th, to celebrate last year, and its  memories. During this special time of the year, families go out to the theatre, circus or just a park (where everything is  decorated, or perhaps an “ice town” is made).      The never changing attribute of the “Novi’ Gohd” (New Year) since ancient times is a Christmas tree. Each year the question  of how beautiful and original will the tree be decorated this winter, becomes increasingly relevant.       New Year's fortune‐telling, jokes, Christmas carols attach inscrutability to this sort of holiday. During this special occasion  kids as well as adults dress up in costumes. After midnight when the New Year has begun, fireworks play a major part. There  are fireworks at every family and at each party.  Overall, New Year’s Eve is very a special, wonderful and joyful time of the year in Russia.     С Новым Годом!!!                                                                                                                               By Daria Shulgina This is the traditional winter character Ded Moroz (Russian: Дед Мороз), he plays a role similar  to that of Santa Claus. The translation of the name would be Grandfather Frost. At the celebrations of the  New Year, Ded Moroz brings the presents to kids "in‐person" occurring at big organized celebrations. He also  comes at night of December 31st, to people’s houses. Ded Moroz is accompanied by Snegurochka (Russian:  Снегурочка), or 'Snow Maiden' , his granddaughter.  A Christmas tree in Red Square, Moscow Русские фразы и выражения By: Daria Shulgina How do you celebrate the coming of winter? - Как вы отмечаете приход зимы? (Kahk vi otmechaete prihod zeemi) Are you going to visit the circus? - Вы собираетесь посетить цирк? (Vi sobiraetes’ posetit’ tsirk) Are you flying home for Winter Break? - Вы полетите домой во время зимних каникул? (Vi poletite domoi vo vremya zimnokh kanikul) What do you do when it snows or is icy? - Чем вы занимаетесь во время снегопада или гололед? (Chem vi zanimaetes vo vremya snegopada ili gololyeda) What is winter like in your country? - Какая бывает зима в ващей стране? (Kakaya bivaet zeema v vashei strane) 11 Sivu CANDINAVIAN Section | Marraskuu 2008 UUTISET | News Itsenäisyyspäivä 2008 Suomen presidenttinlinna Helsingissä Tänä vuonna Suomi viettää 91:stä itsenäisyyspäiväänsä. Suomen itsenäisyyspäivä on 6. joulukuuta. Itsenäisyyspäivä on tärkeä juhlapäivä Suomessa. Itsenäisyyspäivää vietettiin alkujaan todella juhlallisesti, mutta 1970- luvulta lähtien juhlatilaisuudet ovat yleensä olleet vähemmän juhlallisia. Linnan juhlat, valtion itsenäisyyspäivän gaala, on pidetty melkein joka vuosi presidentinlinnassa vuodesta 1919 lähtien, ja monet suomalaiset ihmiset katsovat gaalaa televisiosta. Noin 2000 vierasta kutsutaan virallisiin valtioon juhliin, ml. entisiä presidenttejä, valtion virkamiehiä, Mannerheim-ristin ritareita ja jopa julkkiksia. Tällä viikolla Helsingin Sanomat ja YLE ovat kertoneet, että tunnistamaton kujeilija on lähettänyt väärennettyjä kutsuja juhliin. Tilannetta pidetään mahdollisena turvallisuusuhkana, mutta vain muutamat ihmiset ovat toistaiseksi saaneet väärennöksiä, ja ne on helppo erottaa aidoista kutsuista. Reference: http://www.hs.fi/lahetalinkki/ artikkeli/1135241210827 Pohjoismaat auttavat Islantia Suomi ja muut Pohjoismaat antavat Islannille lainaksi 1,98 miljardia euroa auttaakseen maan taloutta palautumaan. Suomen täytyy lainata rahaa rahoittaakseen oman osuutensa. Reference: http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/ world/AP-EU-Nordics-Iceland.html RESEPTI | Recipe GLÖGI Glögi is the Finnish and Estonian name for the Scandinavian incarnation of the mulled wine which is popular in much of Europe during mid-winter. Wine and/or fruit juice is heated with sugar and spices and served hot, mixed with a sprinkle of raisins and almonds. 375 ml (½ bottle) fruity red wine 375 ml good blackcurrant juice or red grape juice (or both mixed) 1 stick of cinnamon 3 - 5 cloves 3 - 5 allspice berries small piece of dried Seville orange peel 100 ml sugar, or to taste for serving: dark raisins almonds (vodka) Scald the almonds and peel them. If you cannot find dried Seville orange peel, substitute it with a couple of thin strips of the zest of a fresh regular orange — preferably use organically grown fruit. Pour the wine and the juice(s) in a saucepan and heat the mixture up. Do not let it boil. Add some sugar and the spices, mix thoroughly until the sugar has melted and let steep on a low heat for 5 - 10 minutes (or longer) without boiling. Strain the glögi and spike it up with a dash of vodka, if you like. Reheat the mixture, if necessary. Drop a few blanched almonds and raisins in serving mugs or tea-glasses with a spoon in them and pour the hot glögg over. Serve immediately with star-shaped Christmas pastries or gingerbread cookies. http://www.saunalahti.fi/~marian1/gourmet/xmas11.htm Say it in Finnish! Sano se suomeksi! How do you celebrate winter's coming? Miten sinä juhlit talven tuloa? Are you going to visit Finland and Santa Clause Land? Aijotko käydä Suomessa ja Joulupukin maassa? Are you going home for Winter Break? Menetkö kotiin talvilomalle? What do you do when it snows or is icy? Mitä sinä teet kun sataa lunta tai on jäistä? What is winter like in your country? Millainen talvi on sinun maassasi? TALVI | Winter Lumihiutaleet: Kaksi Aarikan lumitonttua Suomessa on nyt talvi, ja toisin kuin täällä, talveen liittyy aina lumi ja jää. Ei voi sienestää, marjastaa tai metsästää, mutta ei ole myöskään tarpeen jäädä sisälle tai saunaan koko talveksi. Suomessa voi mennä hiihtämään, ja ennen vanhaan monet ihmiset jopa hiihtivät asioille. Jos idea kuuden kuukauden auringottomuudesta masentaa, itsenäisyyspäivä (6.12.) ja joulu (25.12.) samassa kuussa voivat auttaa. Joulu on hyvin iso juhla Suomessa. Se on iso koko maassa, mutta Joulupukin kylä on Rovaniemellä, jossa asuu myös poroja. Juhlapäivät suomessa seuraavat kirkon kalenteria lähemmin kuin täällä, ja Suomalainen on aina valmis menemään hiihtämään. Loppianen on hiihtopäivä, joka on kuin siirtyminen talvesta kesään “HOw do you celebrate coming of winter” “W jaki sposób ob- chodzisz nadejście zimy?” “Are you going to visit Zakopane? “Wybierasz się do Za- kopanego?” “Are you flying home for winter break?” “Lecisz do domu na święta?” “What do you do when it snows?” “Co robisz gdy pada śnieg?” “What is winter like in Poland?” “Jak wygląda zima w Polsce?” Strona/ Stranica 10 V o c a b u l a r y Słownictwo Snow Everywhere! This Thursday most people in Poland woke up, and to their shock and amazement, discovered that the world outside was covered under snow! Driving conditions have been getting worse and worse every hour, especially that now very many drivers were ready yet for such a sudden winter hit. Meteorologists predict that even more snow will fall over the weekend in three main parts of the country: Dolny Śląsk, Pomorze Zachodnie and Opolszczyzna. Many drivers got stuck in traffic on the busiest highway in the country, infamous A-4, from Krakow to Tarnów. Trucks are experiencing terrible difficulties moving on a slippery asphalt. A few roads were closed for several hours. Department of Transportation warns that driving may be tricky, because many roads are covered with ice under the snow, which makes traveling even more dangerous. Several car accidents were already reported. It looks like the only happy ones for right now are children, who enjoy the snow, and salesmen, who offer the whole assortment of products for vehicles. What caused this dra- matic weather change was a gigantic low from Baelarus, which not only brought the snowfalls and very low temperatures, but also lowered the air pressure. Slavic Page by Weronika Budak Winter time in Poland is filled with traditional celebrations, which vary depending on the region in the country. The season opens with Saint Martin’s holiday on November 11. The proverb says that what the weather is like on that day is what the entire winter will look like. Advent is a four-week-long period of time when people are wait- ing and preparing for the celebration of the Nativity of Jesus. On December 6th, Santa Claus brings presents to children and families. The Poles always look forward to Christmas - the most traditional and family oriented time during the year. Christmas dinner consists of 12 dishes. On December 24th, people do not eat meat, just fish. The rule says to always have one extra seat at the table, in case an unexpected guest comes over. After the meal, everyone gathers by the Christmas tree - necessary at every Polish house. Families then sing carols and go to church for the midnight mass. A week later, everyone celebrates New Year’s! Most people go out with their friends and families. Epiphany, a traditional celebration of three of the Kings: Melchor, Gaspar, and Balthazar falls every year on January 6th. After that, the biggest winter celebrations end, and only the weather keeps reminding people that it is still winter. lavic Section Grudzień/Prosinec/Decembar 2008 Święta Bożego Narodzenia to magiczny czas na całym świecie. Dlatego też Europa Wschodnia nie stanowi żadnego wyjątku. Wyjątkowe są za to jej tradycje. W Polsce, na przykład, ogromną uwagę przywiązuje się do jedzenia. Na tradycyjnym, polskim stole świątecznym zawsze znajduje się 12 dań, wśród nich: pierogi, kapusta, karp, barszcz, oraz żurek. Dzieci zwykle wypatrują pierwszej gwiazdy na niebie - wtedy można zasiąść do posiłku. Rodziny wspólnie stroją drzewko wigilijne, pod którym leżą prezenty. Następnie przychodzi kolej na śpiewanie kolęd: “Cicha noc,” “Wśród nocnej ciszy,” czy “Do szopy hej pasterze.” O pólnocy odbywa się pasterka. Pierwszy dzień świąt to także czas spędzany w towarzystwie rodziny i przyjaciół. W końcu nadchodzi oczekiwany przez wszystkich 31 grudnia - Sylwester. Kiedy o północy korki strelają w sufity polskich domów i mieszkań, a szampan leje się strumieniami, to znak, że przywitany został Nowy Rok! Winter is Alwys Fun! The story and images from: www.interia.pl On the left: Traditional Krakow Nativity Set. On the right: Christmas Tree in Warsaw. “Boże Narodzenie w Polsce” 12 WAHILI Section (Issue 2, volume3) Safari time, it’s summer in Tanzania By Correspondent. www. your tanzania.com Less busy than neighboring Kenya, Tanzania's national parks and game reserves provide some of the world's best destinations for viewing wildlife in their natural habitat. Tanzania is home to one of Africa's most magnificent game reserves, the Selous Game Reserve, as well as the endless plains of the Serengeti National Park, where one of the world's great natural spectacles, the annual migration of some 2 million wildebeest followed by their predators, can be observed. The Selous Game Reserve is inaccessible during the rainy season (from March to May) owing to floods. Numerous tour operators can organize tailor-made safaris, either by vehicle, on foot, on horseback or by balloon. Some areas, such as the Mahale Mountains National Park, are only accessible by plane or boat. In parks such as the Arusha National Park, it is possible to drive around without a guide, but those on foot must take an armed guide or ranger. Accommodation is either in luxury lodges or designated camping sites. Tanzanian holidays Public Holidays Below are listed Public Holidays throughout the year. Jan 1 2006: New Year's Day. Jan 12: Zanzibar Revolution Day. April 7th:Sheikh A.Karume Day Apr “***’: Good Friday. ‘***’: Easter Monday. Apr 26: Union Day. May 1: International Labor Day. Jul 7: Saba Saba (Worker's Day). Aug 8: Nane Nane (Farmer's Day). Oct.14th: Mwalimu J.K.Nyerere Day. Oct ‘**’: Eid al-Fitr (Ramadan). Dec 9: Tanganyika Independence and Republic Day. Dec 25: Christmas Day. Dec 26: Boxing Day. “***’: Eid El- Hadji http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profile.html www.yourtanzania.com ‘**’ It is observed differently each year depending on the moon. ‘***” – Each year it is different date. VOCABULARY 1. Baridi 2. Krisimasi 3. Mwaka mpya 4. Sherehe 5. Maisha Translation 1. Cold 2. Christmas 3. New years (new year) 4. Party /Celebration 5. Life images courtesy of yourtasnzania.com 16 ROUND THE WORLD Nollaig 2008 Irish Dancing; The Oireachtas In the world of Irish dance in North America, there are four major competitions; The Oireachtas (regionals; pronounced oh-rock-tus), North American Irish Dance Championships (nationals), All Irelands, and Oireachtas Rince na Cruinne (worlds). How a dancer places at The Oireachtas and Nationals determines whether or not they will be allowed to compete at Worlds for the following year. During November of every year, North America holds seven Oireachtasai (plural for Oireachtas) divided into regions amongst the country. This competition is open to Championship level dancers of all ages. This is a tough, cut-throat competition that dancers practice for all year long. Only the top 12-15 % (approximately) of each age category will be allowed to compete at Worlds. For more information on Irish dance competitions, please visit http://www.clrg.ie Ireland Cúrsaí reatha (Current Events) Upcoming Oireachtasai Western Region – Nov. 21-23 Phoenix, AZ Mid-Atlantic Region – Nov. 28-30 Philadelphia, PA Midwestern Region – Nov. 28-30 Columbus, OH Southern Region – Dec. 6-7 Orlando, FL Western Canadian – Nov. 7-9 Vancouver, BC Eastern Canadian – Nov. 14-16 Oireachtas Rince na Cruinne (World Championships) April 5-12, 2009 Philedelphia, PA Foclóir Gaeilge (Gaelic Vocabulary) Cad é mar comóir na geimhreadh atá le teacht? (How do you celebrate the coming of winter?) An bhfuil tú ag cuairt an Belfast? (Are you going to visit Belfast?) An bhfuil tú ag foluain baile ar saoire geimhreadh? (Are you flying home for Winter Break?) Cad é tú féasta nuair a tá sé ag cur sneachta? (What do you do when it is snowing?) Cad é geimhreadh i do tír? (What is winter like in your country?) Written by: Caitlin Hannah Leathanach: ceathair déag (Page: Fourteen)