Index 
Numbers in bold type refer to 
illustrations 
Abalone, 109 
Abarenicola claparedi oceanica, 49; 
A. pacifica, 49; A. vagabunda 
oceanica, 49 
Abietinaria spp., 17 
Acanella sp., 19 
Acanthina, 89 
Acanthinephyra curtirostris, 183; 
A. hispidus, 184 
Acanthochito~dae, 153 
Acanthochitonina, 152,153 
Acanthodoris, 90; A. brunnea, 120; 
A. hudsoni, 120; A. nanaimoensis, 
120; A. rhodoceras, 120 
Acanthogorgiidae Family, 19 
Acarnus erithacus, 11 
Acila castrensis, 132,139 
Acmaea, 89 
Acmaeidae, 89 
Acorn worms, 293-95 
Acotylea Suborder, 26 
Acrocimdae Family, 68 
Acrocirrus heterochaetus, 42 
Acteocina, 89 
Acteonidae Family, 103 
Acteonidae, 89 
Actiniaria Order, 15,20-22 
Actiniidae Family, 19 
Actinocyclidae, 90 
Actinostolidae Family, 19 
Actinotroch larvae, 253 
Actinotrocha A, 257; Actinotrocha B, 
256; Actinotrocha D, 254,257,258 
Actinula, 16 
Adalaria, 90; Adalaria sp., 120 
Adocia, 9; A. gellindra, 11 
Adula californiensis, 132; 
A. diegensis, 132; A. falcata, 132 
Aedicira pacifica, 54 
Aegires, 90,98; A. albopunctatus, 96, 
120; A. punctilucens, 98 
Aeolidia, 90; A. papillosa, 121 
Aeolidiidae, 90 
Aequorea victoria, 17 
Aequoreidae Family, 17 
Aetea sp., 262 
Aeteidae Family, 262 
Agalmidae Family, 17 
Aglaja, 89,104 
Aglajid opisthobranch, 103 
Aglajidae, 89 
Aglaophe~idae Family, 17 
Agriodesma saxicola, 135 
Akentrogonida, 175 
Akentrogonidae, 175 
Alaskan Gaper, 148 
Alciopa reynaudi, 55 
Alciopidae Family, 47,55 
Alciopina tenuis, 55 
Alcyonacea Order, 19 
Alcyonaria Subclass, 19 
Alcyoniddae Family, 19 
AlcyoNdiidae Family, 262 
Alcyonidium gelatinosum, 262,267; 
A. mammilatum, 262; 
A. parasiticum, 262; 
A. pedunculatum, 262; A. duplex, 
262; A. mytili, 262,264; 
A. polyoum, 262 
Alcyoniina Suborder, 19 
Alcyonium spp., 19 
Alderia, 90; A. modesta, 105,119 
Alderina brevispina, 262 
Alderinidae Family, 262 
Aldisa, 90; A. cooperi, 120; 
A. sanguinea, 120 
Aldisidae, 90 
Algaophenia spp., 17 
Alia, 89 
Allia ramosa, 54 
Allocentrotus fragilis, 273,279 
Allopora petrograpta, 17; A. porphyra, 
17; A. uenusta, 17; A. uerrilli, 17 
Alpheidae Family, 182,196 
Alteration of generations, 13 
Aluania, 89 
Amage anops, 74 
Amblysyllis lineata uar. alba, 66; 
Amblysyllis sp., 66 
Ammochares, 55 
Ammotypane aulogaster, 53 
Ampharete acutifrons, 74; 
A. finmarchica, 74; A. goesigoesi, 
74; A. arctica, 74; A. grubei, 74; 
A. gagarae, 74 
Ampharetidae Family, 74 
Amphiblastula larvae, 6,7 
Amphicteis gunneri floridus, 75; 
A. mucronata, 74; 
A. scaphobranchiata, 74 
Amphictene auricoma, 75; A. moorei, 
75 
Amphinomida Order, 48 
Arnphinomidae Family, 45,48 
Amphiodia occidentalis, 274; 
A. urtica, 274 
Amphioplus macraspis, 274; 
A. strongyloplax, 274 
Amphipholis pugetana, 274; 
A. squamata, 274 
Amphisamytha bioculata, 74 
Amphissa, 89 
Amphitrite, 76; A. cirrata, 76; 
A. scionides dux, 76; A. palmata, 76 
Amphoriscidae Family, 9 
Anaata brepha, 11; A. spongigartina, 
11 
Anaitides groenlandica, 60,61; 
A. hartmanae, 60; A. medipapillata, 
60; A. mucosa, 60,6262; 
A. multiseriata, 60; A. williamsi, 60, 
62 
Anaspidea, 119 
Anaspidean opisthobranch, 106 
Anatoma, 89 
Anchinoe, 9 
Anchinoidae Family, 11 
Ancistrolepis, 89 
Ancistrosyllis aff. groenlandica, 63 
Ancula, 90; A. pacifica, 120 
Ancystrosyllis, 62,63 
Angulosasscus tenuis, 158,175 
Anisodoris, 90; A. lentiginosa, 120; 
A. nobilis, 120 
Anobothrus gracilis, 74 
Anomiidae, 133 
Anomura, 184: Anomuran 
megalopa, 184,198; Anomuran 
zoea, 190 
Anthoarcuata graceae, 11 
Anthopleura arternisia, 19; 
A. elegantissima, 13,18-20; 
A. xanthogrammica, 19,21 
Anthoptilidae Family, 19 
Anthoptilum grandiflorum, 19 
Anthothela pacifica, 19 
Anthothelidae Family, 14,19 
Anthozoa Class, 13,18-22 
Antinoe, 63 
Antinoella, 63 
Antipatharia Order, 19 
Antipathes sp., 19 
AntipatKidae Family, 19 
Antipathina Suborder, 19 
Antiplanes, 89; A. perversa, 102; 
A. uoyi, 102 
Antomedusae, 17 
Aphrodita japonica, 55; A. longipalpa, 
55; A. magellanica, 55; A. parua, 55; 
A. refulgida, 55 
Aphroditidae Family, 48,55 
Apidium nordamanni, 301 
Apistobranchidae Family, 69 
Apistobranchus ornatus, 69 
Aplidium, 302; A. arenatum, 302; 
A. californicum, 302; A. glabrum, 
302; A. propinquum, 302; 
A. solidum, 302; Aplidium sp., 302 
Aplousobranchia Suborder, 302 
Aplysia, 90; A. californica, 106,119 
Aplysiidae, 90 
Aplysilla, 8; A. ?glacialis, 12 
Aplysillidae Family, 12 
Aplysiopsis enteromorphae, 106,119 
Apodida Order, 274 
Apomatus geniculatus, 67; A. timsi, 
67 
Arabella iricolor, 51 
Arabellidae Family, 51 
Arachnidiidae Family, 262 
Archaeogastropoda, 89 
Archidistoma aggregatum, 301; 
A. molle, 302; A. psammion, 302 
Archidorididae, 90 
Archidoris, 90; A. montereyensis, 120; 
A. odhneri, 120 
Arcoida, 132 
Arctonoefragilis, 63; A. pulchra, 63, 
A. uittata, 63 
Arenicola pusilla, 49; A. claparedi, 49; 
A. marina, 49 
Arenicolidae Family, 48,49 
Argeia pugettensis, 178 
Arginula, 89 
Argis levior, 182; A. alaskensis, 182 
Arhynchite pugettensis, 86 
Aricia michaelseni, 54 
Aricidea, 54; A. wassi, 54 
Armandia bioculata, 53; A. brevis, 53 
Index 
-
Armina, 90; A .  californica, 121 
Arminidae, 90 
Arndtanchora sp., 11 
Artacama coniferi, 76 
Artacamella hancocki, 76 
Arthophryxus beringanus, 178 
Articulata Class, 269-70 
Asabellides lineata, 74; A .  sibrica, 75 
Asbestopluma occidentalls, 11 
Ascidia callosa, 300, 301; A .  ceretodes, 
300; A .  mentula, 299; A .  paratropa, 
298,300,302; A .  prunum, 300 
Ascidiacea, 296-303 
Ascidian tadpole larva, 296-303 
Ascidians, 296-303: development, 
297-98; identification, 298-303; 
life cycle, 296; reproduction, 287- 
98; solitary, 301-2; tadpole larvae 
296-303 
Ascidiidae Family, 300,301 
Asclerocheilus beringianus, 53 
Aspidochirotida Order, 273 
Aspidosiphon sp., 81 
Assiminea, 89 
Assimineidae, 89 
Astarte compacta, 133; A.  esquimalti, 
133; A .  undata, 133 
Astartidae, 133 
Asterina rniniata, 273,281 
Asteroid key, 284 
Asteroidea Class, 281-84 
Astraea, 89 
Asychis disparidentata, 50 
Atelecyclidae Family, 185 
Athecanephria Order, 86,87 
Athecata Suborder, 17 
Atlanta peroni, 113 
Atlantia, 89 
Atlantid heteropod, 113 
Atlantidae, 89 
Aulactinia incubans, 15,19 
Auricularia larva, 282,285 
Autolytus uarius, 66; A.  cornutus, 66; 
A. prismaticus, 66; Autolytus sp., 
66 
Axiidae Family, 184,186 
Axinella sp., 11 
Axinellida Order, 11 
Axinellidae Family, 11 
Axinopsida serricata, 133; A .  uiridis, 
133 
Axiopsis spinulicnuda, 184 
Axiothella, 50: A .  rubrocincta, 50 
Axocielita originalis, 11 
Balanoglossus clavigerus, 295 
Balanomorpha, 158,165-72 
Balanus balanus, 158,162,169; 
B. crenatus, 158,162,167; 
B. glandula, 158,162,166,167,168; 
B. improuisus, 158,162,165,166; 
B. nubilus, 158,162,168,169; 
B. rostratus, 158 
Balcis, 89 
Balnophyllia elegans, 15,20 
Balthica Macoma, 145 
Balticina californica, 19; 
B. septentrionalis, 19 
Bankia sctacea, 135, 139,140,144 
Barleeia, 89 
Barleeidae, 89 
Barnacles, 157-Ti: development, 
157-59; identification, 159-64; 
local species, 158; morphology, 
157-59; parasitic, 158,174-76 
Barnea subtruncata, 135 
Basket stars, 288 
Bathybembix, 89 
Batillaria, 89 
Bentheogennema borealis, 182; 
B. burkenroadi, 182 
Bergstroemia, 61 
Beringius, 89 
Berthella, 90: B. californica, 96,119 
Betaeus harrimani, 182; B. setosus, 
182 
Bicellariella ciliata, 265 
Bicellariellidae Family, 262 
Bicidium aequoreae, 19 
Bicrisia edwardsiana, 261 
Biemna rhadia, 11 
Biemnidae Family, 11 
Bimeria spp., 17 
Bipinnariae larvae, 281 
Bittium, 89, 109 
Bivalves, 131-51: development, 131, 
136; identification, 137,138; 
periclymna larvae, 137,139; 
reproduction, 131,136; veliger 
larvae, 139 
Bocardiella hamata, 70 
Boccardia, 70: B. californica, 70; 
B. columbiana, 70; B. polybranchia, 
70; B. proboscidea, 70; B. uncata, 70 
Boccardiella hamata, 70,72 
Bolitaena diaphana, 155,156 
Boltenia uillosa, 299,300 
Bonelliidae Family, 86 
Bonelloinea Order, 86 
Bonneviella spp., 17 
Bonneviellidae Family, 17 
Bopyridae, 178 
Bopyroides hippolytes, 178 
Boreohydndae Family, 17 
Botylloides leachi, 301; Botrylloides 
sp., 302 
Botyllus sp., 302 
Bougainuillia spp., 17 
Bougainvilliidae Family, 17 
Bowerbankia gracilis, 262,265,267 
Brachiolaria, 282; brachiolaria 
lawae, 282 
Brachiopoda Phylum, 269-71 
Brachyura, 185; B. megalopae, 197; 
B. zoea, 191 
Branchiomaldane uincenti, 49; 
B. simplex, 49 
Brarosccus callosus, 158,175 
Brisaster latifrons, 273,275,278 
Brittle stars, 287-89 
Bryozoa, 260-68 
Buccinidae, 89 
Buccinium, 89 
Bugula californica, 262; B. cucllifera, 
262; B. flabellata, 262,265,266; 
B. pacifica, 262; B. pugeti, 262; 
B. plumosa, 265; B. simplex, 266 
Buskia nitens, 262 
Buskiidae Family, 262 
Byglides macmlepida, 63 
Bythotiara huntsmani, 17 
Caberea bo y i ,  262; C. ellisi, 262 
Cadlina, 90: C. pauomaculnta, 120; 
C. luteomarginata, 120; C. modesta, 
120 
Cadulus aberrans, 154; C. californicus, 
154; C. tolmiei, 154 
Caecid prosobranchs, 105 
Caecidae, 89 
Caenogastropoda, 89,111 
Calappidae Family, 185 
Calastacus stilirostris, 184 
Calcarea Class, 5,7,8,9 
Calcaronea, 9 
Calcigorgia spiculifera, 19 
Calinaticina, 89 
Callianassa. See Neotrypaea 
Callianassidae Family, 184,196,215 
Callianopsis investigatoris, 184; 
C. goniophthalma, 184 
Callioplanidae Family, 27 
Calliostoma, 89, 108 
Callistochiton crassicostatus, 153 
Callistochitonidae, 153 
Callogorgia kinoshitae, 19 
Callopora armata, 262; 
C. circumclathrata, 262; 
C. corniculifera, 262; C. horrida, 
262; C. lineata, 262 
Callyspongia, 9 
Calocaris quinqueseriatus, 184 
Caluopora occidentalis, 262 
Calycella spp., 17 
Calycophorae Suborder, 17 
Calycopsidae Family, 17 
Calyptraeidae, 89,105,109 
Campanularia spp., 17 
Campanulariidae Family, 17 
Campanulinidae Family, 17 
Cancellaria, 89 
Cancellaridae, 112 
Cancellariidae, 89 
Cancer gracilis, 185,198,236; 
C. antennarius, 185, 198, 237; 
C. branneri (gibbosulus), 185; 
C. magister, 185,198,237; 
C. oregonensis, 185,198,237; 
C. productus, 185,198,238 
Cancridae Family, 185,193,198, 
235-38 
Cancridae zoeae, 235 
Capitella capitata, 49,50 
Capitellida Order, 49-50 
Capitellidae Family, 48-50 
Carcinus maenas, 186,200,246,247, 
248 
Cardiidae, 133 
Cardiomya californica, 135; 
C .  oldroydi, 135; C. pectinata, 135; 
C. planetica, 135 
Carditidae, 133 
Caridea, 182,197 
Caridean zoea, 184 
Carinaria, 89 
304 lder 
- 
itification Guide t o  Larval Marine Invet -tebrates of the Pacific Northwest 
Carinariid heteropods, 113 
Carinariidae, 89 
Cayophyllia alaskensis, 19,20; 
C. smithi, 18-20 
Caryophylliidae Family, 19 
Caryophylliina Order, 19 
Catriona, 90: C. columbiana, 121; 
C .  rickettsi, 121 
Caulibugula californica, 262; 
C. ciliata, 262; C. occidentalis, 262 
Caulleriella alata, 69; C. gracilis, 70; 
C. hamata, 69; C. raclis, 69 
Cauloramphus brunea, 262; 
C. echinus, 262; C. spiniferum, 262 
Cavolinia, 90, 116 
Cavoliniid thecosomatous 
pteropods, 97,116,117 
Cavoliniidae, 90 
Cellaria diffusa, 262; C. mandibulata, 
262 
Cellariidae Family, 262 
Cellepora pumicosa, 262; Cellepora 
sp., 262 
Celleporidae Family, 262 
Cephalaspidea, 119 
Cephalaspidean optisthobranch, 
98,104 
Cephalopoda, 154-56 
Ceramaster articus, 273; 
C. patagonicus, 273 
Ceratonereis paucidentata, 59 
Ceratostoma, 89 
Cerberilla, 90 
Ceriantharia Order, 15,19,20 
Cerianthidae Family, 18,19 
Ceriantipatharia Subclass, 19 
Cerithiidae, 89,109 
Cerithiopsidae, 89,110 
Cerithiopsis, 89 
Cestoda Class, 26 
Cestoplana sp., 27 
Cestoplanidae Family, 27 
Chaetopleura apiculata, 152; 
C. gemma, 153 
Chaetopleuridae, 153 
Chaetopteridae Family, 46,69 
Chaetopteridae, 69 
Chaetopterus variopedatus, 69 
Chaetozone berkeleyorum, 70; 
C. sefosa, 69 
Chalinula, 9 
Chama arcam, 133 
Chamidae, 133 
Chamylla, 90 
Chapperiella condylata, 262; C. patula, 
262 
Chapperiellidae Family, 262 
Cheilonereis cyclurus, 59 
Cheilopora praelonga, 263 
Cheiloporinidae Family, 263 
Chelonaplysilla polygraphis, 12 
Chelophyes appendiculata, 17 
Chelyosoma, 301: C. columbianum, 
300; C. productum, 300,301 
Chionoecetes bairdi, 185,199,242-43; 
C. angulatus, 185 
Chitinopoma, 68; C. groenlandica, 68 
Chitonia, 152,153 
Chitonina, 153 
Chitons, 152-54 
Chlamys behringiana, 132; C .  hastata, 
132; C. rubida, 132 
Chloeia entypa, 48; C. pinnata, 48 
Chone gracilis, 67; 
C. infundibuliformis, 67, 68; 
C. magna, 67; C .  minuta, 67; 
C .  mollis, 67; C .  ecaudata, 67; 
C. teres, 67 
Chorilia longipes, 185 
Choristida Order, 11 
Chromodorididae, 90 
Chrysogorgiidae Family, 19 
Chrysopetalidae Family, 46,55 
Chrysopetalidae, 55 
Ch ysopetalum, 55; C. debile, 55 
Chthamalus dalli, 158,162,163,172; 
C. fissus, 172 
Ciaperoecia californica, 261; C. major, 
261 
Ciocalyptus penicillus, 11 
Ciona intestinalis, 299,300, 301 
Cionidae Family, 300 
Circeis amoricana, 68; C. spirillum, 
68,69; C. spirillum, 68 
Cirratulidae Family, 45,69 
Cirratus cirratus cingulatus, 70; 
C. cirratus cirratus, 70; C. robustus, 
70; C. spectabilis, 70 
Cirriformia spirabranchia, 70 
Cirripedia, 157-77 
Cirrophorus lyra, 54 
Cistenides breuicoma, 75; 
C .  granulata, 75 
Cladocarpus spp., 17 
Cladonema californicum, 17 
Cladonematidae Family, 17 
Clams, 131-51: Alaskan Gaper, 148; 
Asiatic Freshwater, 144; Butter, 
147; Little Gaper, 145; Soft-shell, 
145-46 
Clathriidae Family, 11 
Clathrina, 8: C. blanca, 9; C. coriacea, 
9; Clathrina sp., 9 
Clathrinidae Family, 9 
Clathromangelia, 89 
Clauelina huntsmani, 302; 
C .  lepadiformis, 301; Clauelina sp., 
302 
Clavelinidae Family, 302 
Clavidae Family, 17 
Clavoporidae Family, 262 
Clauularia moresbii, 19; Clauularia 
SPP., 19 
Clavulariidae Family, 19 
Clinocardium blandum, 133; 
C. californiense, 133; C ,  cliatum, 
133; C. fucanum, 133; C. nuttalli, 
133 
Clio, 90, 116 
Cliona 8,90; C. ?argus, 11; C. ?celata, 
11; C. limacina, 99, 120; C. lobatta, 
11; C. ?warreni, 11 
Clionidae Family, 11 
Clionidae, 90 
Cliopsidae, 90 
Cliopsis, 90 
Clistosccus paguri, 158,175 
Clistrosaccidae, 175 
Clymenella torquata, 50 
Clypeasteroida Order, 273 
Clytia spp., 17 
Cnemidocarpa finmarkiensis, 300 
Cnidaria: development, 13-15; 
Phylum, 13-23; reproduction, 13- 
15 
Cnidarian planulae, 6 
Codonellina cribriformis, 263 
Coelenterata, 13-24 
Coelomate worms, 85-87 
Coelosphaera, 9 
Colletosia radiata, 262 
Columbellidae, 89,112 
Colus, 89 
Compsomyax subdiaphana, 134 
Conchocele bisecta, 133 
Conopeum reticulum, 262,264 
Cooperella subdiaphana, 134 
Cooperellidae, 134 
Copepoda, 159 
Copidozoum protectum, 262; 
C. tenuirostre, 262 
Corallimorpharia Order, 19 
Corallimorphidae Family, 19 
Corallimorphus sp., 19 
Corals, 13,14 
Corambe, 90 
Corambidae, 90 
Corbiculafiuminea, 134,136,140, 
143,144 
Corbiculidae, 134 
Cordagalma cordiformis, 17 
Cordylophora caspia, 17 
Corella, 301: C. inflata, 298,300,301; 
C. willmeriana, 300 
Corellidae Family, 300 
Corolla, 90: C. spectabilis, 107 
Coronate larvae, 260,265-67 
Coymorpha sp., 17 
Corymorphidae Family, 17 
Corynactis californica, 19 
C o y n e  sp., 17 
Corynidae Family, 17 
Cossura modica, 50 
Cossurida Order, 50 
Cossuridae Family, 50 
Costazia costazia, 263; C. robertsoniae, 
263; C. uentricosa, 263 
Cotylea Suborder, 26 
Crab: Black-clawed, 248; Brackish- 
Water, 249; Butterfly, 221-22; 
Dungeness, 237; Flat Porcelain, 
234; Flattop, 234; Graceful, 236; 
Graceful Decorator, 243-44; 
Green, 246,247,248; Hermit, 218, 
219; Lined Shore, 241-42; Mussel, 
244-45; Pacific Rock, 236; Pacific 
Sand, 219-20; Pubescent 
Porcelain, 234; Purple Shore, 240; 
Pygmy Rock, 237; Red Rock, 238; 
Rhinoceros, 222; Shore, 246,247, 
248; Striped Shore, 241-42; 
Tanner, 242-43; Thick-Clawed 
Porcelain, 234; Turtle, 221-22; 
Yellow Shore, 240 
Index 
-
Crangon alba, 182; C. alaskensis, 182; 
C. franciscorum, 182; C. handi, 182; 
C. nigricauda, 182; C. stylirostris, 
182 
Crangonidae, 182,196 
Crania, 271: C. californica, 269,270 
Craniella villosa, 11; C. spinosa, 11 
Craniopsis, 89 
Crassicardia crassidens, 133 
Crassostrea, 133: C. gigas, 133,140, 
142,144; C. virginica, 133,140, 
142,144 
Crenella decussata, 132 
Crepidula, 89: C. adunca, 105,109 
Crepipatella, 89 
Creseis, 90: C. virgula, 116 
Cresiella producta, 261 
Cribrilina annulata, 262; C. corbicula, 
262; C. radiata, 262 
Cribrilinidae Family, 262 
Cribrinopsis fernaldi, 15,19; 
C. williamsi, 19 
Crimora, 90: C. coneja, 120 
Crinoid, 288,289 
Crinoidea Class, 274,289-90 
Crisia eburnea, 261; C. elongata, 261; 
C. occidentalis, 261; C. operculata, 
261; C. pugeti, 261; C. serrulata, 
261 
Crisidia cornuta, 261 
Crisiidae Family, 261 
Crossaster borealis, 273 
Crucigera irregularis, 67; 
C. zygophora, 67 
Cyptobranchia, 89 
Cyptochiton stelleri, 152,153 
Cyptolaria spp., 17 
Cyptolithodes sitchensis, 184; 
C. typicus, 184,221-22 
Cyptomya californica, 134 
Cryptoniscus larva, 178,179 
Cryptosula pallasiana, 263 
Ctenodrilida Order, 51 
Ctenodrilidae Family, 51 
Ctenodrilus serratus, 51 
Ctmatiidae, 110 
Cubozoa Class, 13 
Cucumaria fallax, 274; C. lubrica, 274; 
C. miniata, 274; C. piperata, 274; 
C. pseudocurata, 274,285; 
Cucumaria sp., 286 
Cultellidae, 134 
Cumanotidae, 90 
Cumanotus, 90: C. fernaldi, 121 
Cumingia californica, 134 
Cup corals, 14 
Cuspidariidae, 135 
Cuthona, 90: C. abronia, 121; 
C. albocrusta, 121; C. cocoachroma, 
121; C. divae, 121; C. fulgens, 121; 
C. lagunae, 121 
Cuvierina, 90,116 
Cyathoceras qunylei, 19 
Cyclichnidae, 89 
Cyclocardia crebricostata, 133; 
C. ventricosa, 133 
Cylichna, 89 
Cylichnidae Family, 104 
Cymakra, 89 
Cymatiidae, 89,107 
Cymbulia peroni, 107 
Cymbuliidae, 90 
Cyphonautes larvae, 260,263-65 
Cyrpid: 159,163; key to Cyprids, 
163-64 
Cystodytes dellechiajei, 301; 
C. lobatus, 302 
Cytididae Family, 261 
Dac y d i u m  pacificum, 132 
Dajidae, 178 
Dakaria dawsoni, 263; D. ordinata, 
263; D. pristina, 263 
Decapoda, 181-252: development, 
181,186,187; keys megalopae, 
197-203; keys zoeae, 192-97; keys 
zoeae vs megalopae, 192; life 
cycle, 187; morphology, 187-88; 
reproduction, 181,186,187 
Decapodid, 187 
Delectopecten randolphi, 132; 
D. vancouverensis, 132 
Demonax media, 67,68 
Demospongiae Class, 5,8 
Dendraster excentricus, 273, 278 
Dendrobeania cuwirostrata, 262; 
D. laxa, 262; D. lichenoides, 262; 
D. longispinosa, 262; D. muwayana, 
262 
Dendrobranchiata, 182 
Dendroceratida Order, 8,12 
Dendrochirotida Order, 273 
Dendrochiton flectens, 153; 
D. semiliratus, 153 
Dendrodoa abbotti, 300; 
D. grossularia, 299 
Dendrogaster sp., 158 
Dendronotacean nudibranch, 107 
Dendronotidae Family, 114 
Dendronotidae, 90 
Dendronotus, 90: D. albopunctatus, 
120; D. diversicolor, 120; 
D. frondosus, 120; D. iris, 120; 
D. subramosus, 120 
Dendrophylliidae Family, 19 
Dendrophylliina Suborder, 19 
Dendropoma, 89 
Dentaliida, 154 
Dentaliidae, 154 
Dentalium, 154,155: D. agassizi, 154; 
D. pretiosum, 154; D. rectius, 154 
Dermasterias imbricata, 273 
Desmophyes annectens, 17 
Desmophyllum cristagalli, 19 
Desmoxyidae Family, 11 
Dexiospira, 68 
D-hinge stage, 137,138 
Diacria, 90, 116 
Diaperoecia californica, 261; 
D. intermedia, 261; D. johnstoni, 
261; D. obelium, 261 
Diaphana, 89,104: D. californica, 119 
Diaphanidae, 89 
Diaphorodoris, 90: D. lirulatocauda, 
120 
Diastoporidae Family, 261 
Diaulula, 90: D. sandiegensis, 120 
Dictyoceratida, 10 
Dictyociona asodes, 11 
Didemnidae Family, 302 
Didemnum albidum, 301; 
D. carnulentum, 302 
Dimophyes arctica, 17 
Diodora, 89 
Diogenidae Family, 184,195,201, 
202,218 
Diopatra cuprea, 52; D. ornata, 52 
Diphasia spp., 17 
Diphyidae Family, 17 
Diplodonta impolita, 133; D. orbellus, 
133 
Diplosoma listerianum, 301 
Dirona, 90: D. albolineata, 121; 
D. aurantia, 121; D. picta, 121 
Dironidae, 90 
Discocytis canadensis, 261 
Discodorididae, 90 
Discurria, 89 
Disoma multisetosum, 74 
Disporella fimbriata, 261; D. hispida, 
261; D. separata, 261 
Dissoconch, 137 
Distaplia rosea, 301 
Distaplia occidentalis, 297,302; 
D. smithi, 302 
Distylia rugosa, 67 
Dodecaceria choncharum, 70; 
D. fewkesi, 70; D. fistulicola, 70 
Doliolaria larvae, 285,286,289 
Doridacean nudibranch, 98 
Doridella, 90: D. steinbergae, 108, 120 
Dowillea, 51: D. atlantica, 51; 
D. moniloceras, 51; 
D. pseudorubrovittata, 51; 
D. rudolphi, 51 
Dowilledae Family, 45,51 
Doyporella alcicornis, 262 
Doto, 90: D. amyra, 107,108, 120; 
Doto form B, 120; D. kya, 120 
Dotoidea, 90 
Drilonereis falcata, 51; D. filum, 51 
Dynamenn spp., 17 
Dysidea fragilis, 11 
Dysideidae Family, 11 
Echinodermata, 272-91: collecting, 
276-77; development, 272-76; 
local species, 273-74; morphology, 
278-90; observing, 276-77; 
reproduction, 272-76 
Echinoid key, 280-81 
Echinoida Order, 273 
Echinoidea Class, 278-81 
Echinoplutei, 278: larvae, 278 
Echinopluteus, 278 
Echinospira l a ~ a e ,  97 
Echiura Phylum, 85 
Ech'iuridae Family, 85-86 
Echiuroinea Order, 85-86 
Echiurus echiurus subsp. Alaskanus, 
86 
Ectyomyxilla parasitica, 11 
Edwardsia sipunculoides, 19 
Edwardsiidae Family, 10 
itification Guide t o  Larval Marine In vertebrates of the Pacific Northwest 
Ehlersia cornuta, 66 
Eirenidae Family, 17 
Electra crustulenta, 262,264,265; 
E. pilosa, 264 
Electridae Family, 262 
Ellisina leuata, 262 
Elysia, 90: E. hedgpethi, 119 
Elysidae, 90 
Emerita analoga, 184, 194,219-220 
Enipo, 63: E. cirrata, 63 
Enterocoelous, 293-95 
Enterogona Order, 302 
Entempneusta Class, 293 
Enteroxenos, 89: E. parastichopoli, 117 
Entoconchid prosobranch, 117 
Entoconchidae, 89 
Entodesma pictum, 135 
Entoniscidae, 178 
Ephesia, 65 
Ephesiella, 65 
Epiactis fernaldi, 15; E. prolifera, 15; 
E. ritteri, 15 
Epicaridea, 178; larvae, 178 
Epistomiidae Family, 262 
Epitoniidae, 89,110 
Epitonium, 89 
Epizoanthidae Family, 19 
Epizoanthus scotinus, 15,19,20 
Errinopora pourtalesii, 17 
Esperiopsidae Family, 11 
Eteone bistriata, 60; E. californica, 60; 
E. longa, 60,61,62; E. maculata, 60; 
E. pacifica, 60; E. spitsbergensis uar. 
pacifica, 60 
Eualus auinus, 182; E. barbatus, 182; 
E. berkeleyorum, 182; E. biunguis, 
182; E. fabricii, 182; E. lineatus, 
182; E. macrophthalmus, 182; 
E. suckleyi, 183,204 
Eubranchidae, 90,114 
Eubranchus, 90: E. olivaceus, 121; 
E. rustyus, 121 
Euchone analis, 67; E. barnardi, 67; 
E. incolor, 67; E. rosea, 67; E. sp.cf. 
hancocki, 67; E. trisegmentata, 67 
Euclymene, 50: E. reticulata, 67 
Eudendriidae Family, 17 
Eudendrium spp., 17 
Eudistoma illotum, 301; 
E. purpuropunctatum, 302; 
E. ritteri, 302 
Eudistylia abbreviata, 67; E. plumosa, 
67; E. polymorpha, 67; E. tenella, 67; 
E. uancouveri, 67 
Euherdmania clauiformis, 301,302, 
303 
Eulaeospira, 68 
Eulalia aviculiseta, 61; E. bilineata, 
60; E. levicornuta, 60; 
E .  nigrimaculata, 61; 
E. quadrioculata, 61; E. sanguinea, 
61,62; E. uiridis, 61, 62 
Eulima, 89 
Eulimidae Family, 110 
Eulimidae, 89 
Eumastia sitiens, 11 
Eumida, 61 
Euniccidae Family, 45,46,51 
Eunice kobiensis, 52; E. segregata, 52; 
E. ualens, 52 
Eunicida Order, 51 
Eunicidae, 51 
Eunoe barbata, 63; E. nodosa, 63; 
E. oerstedi, 63; E. senta, 63 
Eupentacta pseudoquinquesemita, 274; 
E. quinquesemita, 274,286 
Euphrosine bicirrata, 48; E.  hortensis, 
48 
Euphrosinidae Family, 48 
Euphysa ruthae, 17; Euphysa spp., 17 
Euphysidae Family, 17 
Eupolymnia crescentis, 76; 
E. heterobranchia, 76 
Eurylepta aurantiaca, 27; E. leoparda, 
27 
Euryleptidae Family, 27 
Eu ystomella bilabiata, 263 
Eurystomellidae Family, 263 
Eusergestes similis, 182 
Eusyllis assimilis, 66; E. blomstrandi, 
66 
Euthecoscome pteropods, 116 
Eutonina indicans, 17 
Euzonus mucronata, 53; E. williamsi, 
53 
Evasterias troschelii, 273 
Exilioidea, 89 
Exogone gemmifera, 66; E. lourei, 66; 
E. naidina, 66; E. uniformis, 66; 
E. uerugera, 66 
Fabia subquadrata, 186,199,244-45 
Fabricia brunnea, 67; F. dubia, 67; 
F. oregonia, 67; F. sabella, 67 
Fabriciola berkeleyi, 67; F. pacifica, 67; 
F. sabella, 67 
Facelinidae, 90 
False Angel Wing, 147 
Fartulum, 89 
Fauveliopsida Order, 52 
Fauveliopsidae Family, 52 
Fauueliopsis armata, 63 
Feather stars, 289 
Fenestrulina malusii, 263 
Filellum spp., 17 
Filicrisia franciscana, 261; 
E geniculata, 261 
Fiona, 90: F. pinnata, 121 
Fionidae Family, 114 
Fionidae, 90 
Fissurellidae, 89 
Flabelliderma commensalis, 51 
Flabelligera affinis, 53; 
F. infundibularis, 53 
Flabelligerida Order, 52-53 
Flabelligeridae Family, 52 
Flabellina, 90: F. fusca, 121; 
F. trilineata, 121 
Flabellinidae, 90 
Flatworms, 26 
Florometra serratissima, 274,289 
Flustrellidra corniculata, 262; 
E hispida, 264 
Flustrellidridae Family, 262 
Foersteria spp., 17 
Fondiporidae Family, 261 
Forcepia ?japonica, 11 
Forcipulatida Order, 273 
Freemania litoricola, 27 
Fulifascigera fasciculata, 261 
Funiculina parkeri, 19 
Funiculinidae Family, 19 
Fusinidae, 89 
Fusinus, 89 
Fusitriton, 89: E oregonensis, 110 
Gadilida, 154 
Gadilidae, 153 
Galathealinum brachiosum, 87 
Galatheidae Family, 184,195 
Galeommatidae, 133 
Gari californica, 134 
Garveia annulata, 17; G. groenlandica, 
17 
Gastropoda: Class, 88-130; 
classification, 89; Families, 89-90; 
genera, 89-90; identification, 94- 
95; illustration sources, 123; key, 
96-i17; larval form, 91; 
morphology, 88-91 
Gastropteridae, 89 
Gastropteron, 89,104: G. pacificurn, 
98,103,104,119 
Gattyana, 63 
Geitodoris, 90: G. heathi, 120 
Gemelliporella inflata, 263 
Genetyllis, 61 
Gennadas incertas, 182; 
G. propinquus, 182; G. tinayrei, 182 
Geodia mesotriaena, 11 
Geodiidae Family, 11 
Geodinella robusta, 11 
Gersemia rubiformis, 19 
Glans carpenteri, 1333 
Glaucothoe, 187 
Gleba sp., 107 
Glycera americana, 56; G. capitata, 56, 
57; G. conuoluta, 56,57; 
G. gigantea, 56; G. nana, 56; 
G. oxycephala, 56; G. robusta, 56; 
G. tenuis, 56; G. tesselata, 56 
Glyceridae Family, 45,55,56 
Glycinde armigera, 57; G. picta, 56; 
G. polygnatha, 57 
Glycymerididae, 132 
Glycymeris corteziana, 132; 
G. subobsoleta, 132 
Golfingia elongata, 81; 
G. margaritacea, 80; G. minuta, 81; 
G. misakiana, 81; G. pugettensis, 80, 
81; G. uulgaris, 81 
Golfingiidae Family, 80 
Goniada brunnea, 56 
Goniadidae Family, 45,56,57 
Goniodorididae, 90 
Gonionemus uertens, 17 
Gonothyraea spp., l6,17 
Gorgonocephalus eucnemis, 274 
Gotte's larvae, 26,27 
Grammaria spp., 17 
Grantia comoxensis, 9; G. compressa, 
7,9 
Grantiidae Family, 9 
Granulina, 89 
Index 
Grapsidae Family, 185,193,200, 
238-242 
Gymnolaematea, 261-63,262 
Gymnomorph slugs, 89 
Gyrnnomorpha, 89,90 
Gymnosomata, 120 
Gymnosomatous pteropods, 97,99, 
116 
Gyptis, 57: G. arenisola glabra, 57 
Hadromerida Order, 8,11 
Halcampa cypta ,  19; 
H. decemtentaculata, 18,19,21 
Halcampidae Family, 19 
Halcampoides purpurea, 19 
Halcampoididae Family, 19 
Haleciidae Family, 17 
Halecium spp., 17 
Halichondria, 8, 10,ll: 
H. bowerbanki, 11; H. melanadocia, 
10; H. mwrei, 8; H. panicea, 11 
Halichondriida Order, 8,10,11 
Halichondriidae Family, 11 
Haliclona 8,9: H.?ecbasis, 11; 
H.?permollis, I1 
Haliclonidae Family, 11 
Halimedusidae Family, 17 
Haliotidae, 89 
Haliotids, 109 
Haliotis, 109 
Haliplanella lineata, 19 
Haliplanellidae Family, 19 
Halisarca, 8: H. sacra, 12 
Halisarcidae Family, 12 
Hallaxa, 90: H. chani, 120 
Halmedusa typus, 17 
Halochondria spp., 11 
Haloclavidae Family, 19 
Halocynthia, 301: H. aurantium, 300; 
H. igaboja, 300 
Haloscoloplos, 53,54 
Halosydna brevisetosa, 63,64 
Hamacanthidae Family, 11 
Hamigera ?lundbecki, 11 
Haminaea, 89,104 
Haminoeidae, 89 
Hanleyidae, 153 
Haplogaster grebnitzkii, 184 
Haplosclerida Order, 9,10,11 
Haploscoloplos alaskensis, 54; 
H. pugettensis, 53 
Haplosyllis spongicola, 66 
Harmothoe extenuata, 63,64,65; 
H. fragilis, 63; H. hartmanae, 63; 
H. imbricata, 63, 64,65; 
H. lunulata, 63, 64,65; 
H. multisetosa, 63; H. pellucelytris, 
63; H. rarispina, 63; H. tenebricosa, 
63; H. triannulata, 63 
Harrimania, 293-95 
Harrimaniidae Family, 293 
Hataia pawn, 17 
Hauelockia benti, 274 
Heart urchin, 278 
Hebella spp., 17 
Helicoptilum rigidum, 19 
Hemectyon hyle, 11 
Hemiarthrus abdominalis, 178 
Hemichordata Phylum, 293-95 
Hemigrapsus nudus, 185,200,240; 
H. oregonensis, 185,200,241 
Hemioniscidae, 178 
Hemioniscus balani, 178 
Hemipenaeus spinidorsalis, 183 
Hem~podus borealis, 56,57 
Hemithiris psittacea, 269 
Henleya oldroydi, 153 
Henricia spp., 273,283 
Heptabrachia ctenophora, 87 
Heptacarpus breuirostris, 183; 
H. camtschaticus, 183; H. carinatus, 
183; H. decorus, 183; H. flexus, 183; 
H. herdmani, 183; H. kincaidi, 183; 
H. littoralis, 183; H. moseri, 183; 
H. paludicola, 183; H. pictus, 183; 
H. pugettensis, 183; H. sitchensis, 
183; H. stimpsoni, 183; H. taylori, 
183; H. tenuissimus, 183 
Hermadion truncata, 63 
Hermaea, 90; H. uancouuerensis, 119 
Hermaeid sacoglossan 
opisthobranch, 106 
Hermaeidae, 90 
Herrnissenda, 90; H. crassicornis, 121 
Hesionidae Family, 48,57 
Hesperonoe adventor, 63; 
H. complanata, 63 
Hesperophyllum, 61 
Heterobranchia Subclass, 89 
Heteromastus filobranchus, 49; 
H. filiformis, 50 
Heteropoda, 89,105 
Heteropora alaskensis, 261; H. magna, 
261; H. pacifica, 261 
Heteroporidae Family, 261 
Heterostrophic shell growth, 102, 
103,104 
Hexactinellida Class, 5 
Hexadella sp., 12 
Hiatella arctica, 135,140,142,145 
Hiatellidae, 135 
Higginsia sp., 11 
Hincksina alba, 262; H. pallida, 262 
Hincksinidae Family, 262 
Hinnites gigantea, 132 
Hippasteria spinosa, 273 
Hippidae Family, 184,194,219 
Hippodiplosia insculpta, 263,265, 
266; H. reticulato-punctata, 263 
Hippolyte clarki, 183 
Hippolytidae Family, 182,197,204 
Hippomonauella longirostrata, 263 
Hipponicidae, 89 
Hipponix, 89 
Hippoporella nitescens, 263 
Hippoporinidae Family, 263 
Hippothoa diuaricata, 262; H. hyalina, 
263 
Hippothoidae Family, 262 
Hobsonia florida, 75 
Holaxonia Suborder, 19 
Holoph y x u s  alaskensis, 178 
Holoplocamia, 9 
Holoporella brunnea, 263 
Holothuroid key, 287 
Holothuroidea Class, 273,285-87 
Homalopoma, 89 
Homoscleromorphida Order, 11 
Hopkinsia, 90: H. rosacea 120 
Hormathiidae Family, 19 
Humilaria kennerlyi, 134 
Hybocodotl, 16: H. prolifer, 17 
Hyboscoler pacificus, 53 
Hydractinia, 17: H. aggregata, 17; 
H. laevispina, 17; Hydractinia sp., 
17 
Hydractiniidae Family, 17 
Hydrallmania spp., 17 
Hydrocorals, 13,17 
Hydrodendron spp., 17 
Hydroida Order, 13,17 
Hydroids, 13 
Hydromedusae, 16 
Hydrozoa Class, 13,17 
Hymedesanisochela rayae, 11 
Hymedesmiidae Family, 11 
Hymedesmio spp., 11 
Hymenamphiastra cyancypta, 11 
Hymenanchora sp., 11 
Hymendecyon lyoni, 11 
Hymeniacidon, 10: H.?perleve, 11; 
H. sinapium, 11; Hymeniacidon sp., 
11; H. ungodon, 11 
Hymenodora acanthitelsonis, 183; 
H. frontalis, 183; H. glacialis, 183 
Idanthyrsus armatus, 75; 
I. ornamentatus, 75 
Immergentiidae Family, 262 
Immergetia sp., 262 
Inarticulata Class, 270-71 
lone cornuta, I78 
lothia, 89 
lschnochiton abyssicola, 153; 
I. interstinctus, 153; 1. trifidus, 153 
Ischnochitonidae, 153 
Iselica, 89 
Fididae Family, 19 
Isocirrus longiceps, 50 
Isopoda, 178-89 
Janolus, 90: 1. fuscus, 121 
Janthina, 89 
Janthinidae, 89,110 
Janura rugata, 70 
Jellyfish, 13 
Jones amaknakensis, 11 
Kaburakia excelsa, 27 
Katharina tunicata, 153 
Kellia suborbicularl, 133, 136,142, 
143,145 
Kelliidae, 133 
Kentrogonida, 175 
Keyhole limpets, 89 
Kophobelemnidae Family, 19 
Kophobelemnon affine, 19; 
K. biflorum, 19; K. hispidum, 19 
Kurtzia, 89 
Kurtziella, 89 
Lacerna fistulata, 263 
Lacuna, 89 
Lacunid larvae, 111 
Ide 
- 
mtification Guide t o  Larval Marine Invc trtebrates o f  the Pacific Northwest 
Lacunidae, 89,111 
Laeospira, 68 
Laevidomus, 171 
Lafoea spp., 17 
Lafoeidae Family, 17 
Lagenipora punctulata, 263; 
L. socialis, 263 
Lngisca, 63 
Laila, 90: L. cockerelli, 120 
Lamellaria, 89 
Lamellibranchs, 131-51 
Lamellisabella coronata, 87; L. zachsi, 
87 
Langerhansia, 66 
Lanice chonchilega, 76 
Laodiceidae Family, 17 
Laonice cirrata, 70,72 
Laqueus californianus, 269 
Lamaceans, 298 
Lasaea subviridis, 133 
Lasaeidae, 133 
Latrunculia sp., 11 
Latrunculiidae Family, 11 
Laxosuberites sp., 11 
Leanira calcis, 65 
Lebbeus schrencki, 183; L. 
washingtonianus, 183; L. 
groenlandicus, 183,204,205 
Lebrunia, 15 
Leitoscoloplos elongatus, 53,54; 
L. panamensis, 54 
Lensia baryi, 17; L. conoidea, 17 
Lepadomorpha, 158,173-74 
Lepas anatifera, 158,173; 
L. fascicularis, 158; L. hilli, 158; 
L. pacifica, 158; Lepas spp., 164 
Lepeta, 89 
Lepetidae, 89 
Lepidasthenia longicirrata, 63 
Lepidochitona cinereus, 152; 
L. dentiens, 153; L. fernaldi, 153; 
L. hartwegii, 153 
Lepidochitonidae, 153 
Lepidonotus caekorus, 63; 
L. squamatus, 63,64,65 
Lepidopleurina, 153 
Lepidopleurus asellus, 152 
Lepidozona cooperid, 153; 
L. mertensii, 153; L. retiporosa, 153; 
L. scabricostata, 153; L. willetti, 153 
Lepraliella bispina, 263 
Leptasterias hexactis, 273 
Leptochiton nexus, 153; L.rugatus, 
153 
Leptochitonidae, 153 
Leptomedusae, 17 
Leptoplana vesiculata, 27 
Leptoplanidae Family, 27 
Leptosynapta clarki, 274; L. roxtona, 
274; L. transgressor, 274 
Leucandra heathi, 9; L. pyriformis, 9; 
L. taylori, 9; L. ?levis, 9 
Leucckartiara spp., 17 
Leucilla nuttingi, 9 
Leucopsila stylifera, 9 
Leucosolenia eleanor, 9; L. nautilia, 9; 
Leucosolenia spp., 9; L. variabilis, 8 
Leucosoleniida Order, 9 
Leucosoleniidae Family, 9 
Lichenopora novae-zelandiae, 261; 
L. verrucaria, 261 
Lichenoporidae Family, 261 
Limacina, 90: L. helicina, 103, 104, 
120 
Limacinidae, 90 
Limatula subauriculata, 132 
Limidae, 132 
Limnomedusae Suborder, 17 
Limoida, 132 
Limpets, 89 
Lingula, 270,271 
Liponema brmicornis, 19 
Liponematidae Family, 19 
Liriopsidae, 178 
Liriopsis pygmaea, 178 
Lirularia, 89 
Lissocrangon stylirostris, 182 
Lissodendoryx, 9; L. firma, 11; 
Lissodendo y x  sp., 11 
Lithodes couesi, 184 
Lithodidae Family, 184,195,221-22 
Lithophaga plumula, 132 
Lithopoma, 89 
Littorina, 89 
Littorinidae, 89,111 
Loimia medusa, 76 
Lopadorhynchidae Family, 45,46, 
58 
Lopadorhyncus uncinatus, 58; 
L. varius, 58 
Lophelia californica, 19 
Lopholithodes foraminatus, 184; 
L, mandtii, 184 
Lophon chelifer, 11; L. piceus, 11 
Lophopanopeus bellus, 186,199; 
L. bellus bellus, 186,248; L. bellus 
diegensis, 186 
Lottia, 89 
Lottidae, 89 
Loxothylacus panopaei, 158,175 
Lucina tenuisculpta, 133 
Ludnidae, 133 
Lucinoma annulata, 133 
Luidia foliata, 273, 281 
Lumbrineridae Family, 45,46,52 
Lumbrineris afJ. abyssicola, 52; 
L. bifurcata, 52; L. bricirrita, 52; 
L. californiensis, 52; L. cruzensis, 
52; L. japonica, 52; L. latreilli, 52; 
L. zonata, 52 
Lyocyma ffuctuosa, 134 
Lyonsia californica, 135 
Lyonsiidae, 135 
Lyrula hippocrepis, 262 
Lysippe annectens, 75 
Macoma calottensis, 134; 
M. eliminata, 134; M. nasuta, 134; 
M. secta, 134; M. yoldiformis, 134; 
M. balthica, 134,140,145 
Mactra californica, 133 
Mactridae, 133 
Madreporia, 19 
Magelona sp., 70 
Magelonidae Family, 45,70 
Majidae Family, 185,194,198,199, 
200,242-44 
Maldane robusta, 50; M. sarsi, 50 
Maldanella harai, 50 
Maldanidae Family, 50 
Malmgrenia, 63: M. nigralba, 63 
Margarites, 89; M. pupillus, 103 
Marginellidae, 89 
Marphysa stylobranchiata, 51 
Marseniid prosobranchs, 97,115 
Marseniidae, 89 
Marsenina, 89 
Marseniopsis, 89 
Mediaster aequalis, 273, 283 
Mediomastuf californiensis, 50 
Megacrenella columbiana, 133 
Megalomma splendida, 67 
Megalopa, 187,188 
Melampidae, 90 
Melanochlamys, 104: M. diomedea, 
103,119 
Melibe, 90: M. leonina, 107,120 
Melibe leonina, 107 
Melinna cristata, 75; M. denticulata, 
75 
Membranipora membranacea, 262, 
264 
Membraniporidae Family, 262 
Merriamum oxeota, 11 
Mesochaetopterus taylori, 69 
Mesocrangon munitella, 182 
Mesogastropoda, 89 
Metacrangon acclivis, 182; 
M. munita, 182; M. spinosissima, 
182; M. variabilis, 182 
Metandrocarpa dura, 300; M. taylori, 
299,300 
Metridiidae Family, 19 
Metridium senile, 15,19; Metridium 
spp., 18,19,21 
Micranellum, 89 
Microciona, 9; M. coccinea, 8; 
M. microjoanna, 11; M. primitiva, 
11; M. prolifern, 11 
Microglyphis, 89 
Micronereis bodegae, 59; 
M. nanaimoensis, 59,60; 
M. variegata, 59 
Microniscus, 178 
Microporella californica, 262; 
M. ciliata, 262; M. coriacea, 262; 
M. setifonnia, 262; M .  umbonata, 
262; M. vibraculifera, 262 
Micmporellidae Family, 263 
Microporidae Family, 262 
Microporina borealis, 262 
Micrura wilsoni, 30 
Mimulus foliatus, 185 
Minuspio cirrifern, 70 
Miontodiscus prolongatus, 133 
Mitella polymerus, 158 
Mitrella, 89 
Mitrocoma spp., 17 
Mitrocornella spp., 17 
Mitrocomidae Family, 17 
Modiolus modiolus, 132,140,142, 
145; M. rectus, 132 
Molgula citrina, 299; M .  cooperi, 300; 
M. manhattensis, 300; M. oregonia, 
300; M. pgetiensis, 300; 
Index 
-
M .  occidentalis, 301; M. pacifica, 
300 
Molgulidae Family, 300,301 
Molpadia intermedia, 274 
Molpadiida Order, 274 
Monobrachium parasiticum, 17 
Monogtenea Class, 27 
Montaculidae, 132 
Mooreonuphis stigmatis, 52 
Mopalia ciliata, 153; M. cirrata, 153; 
M. cithara, 153; M. egretta, 153; 
M. hindsii, 153; M. imporcata, 153; 
M. lamior, 153; M. lignosa, 152, 
153; M. muscosa, 153; M. 
phorminx, 153; M. porifera, 153; 
M. sinuata, 153; M. spectabilis, 153; 
M. swanii, 153 
Mopaliidae, 153 
Mucronella uentricosa, 263 
Muggiaea atlantica, 17 
Miiller's larva, 26,27 
Munida quadrispina, 184 
Munidion pawum, 178 
Munidopsis quadrats, 184 
Muricidae, 89,112 
Mursia gaudichaudi, 185 
Musculista senhousia, 132 
Musculus discors, 132; M. niger, 132; 
M. taylori, 132 
Mussel: Blue, 146; Northern Horse, 
145 
Mya arenaria, 134,140,142,145,146; 
M. truncata, 134 
Mycale, 8,9: M. adhaerens, 11; 
M. bamfieldense, 11; 
M. bellabellensis, 11; M. hispida, 11; 
M. macilenta, 8; M.?toporoki, 11; 
M. macginitiei, 11; M. richardsoni, 8 
Mycalecarmia lobata, 11 
Mycalidae Family, 11 
Myidae, 134 
Myoida, 134 
Myoisophagos, 32: M. sanguineus, 30, 
32 
Myriochele oculata, 55; M. heeri, 55 
Myriozoidae Family, 263 
Myriozoum coarctatum, 263; 
M. subgracile, 263; M. tenue, 263 
Mysella tumida, 133 
Mysotella, 90 
Mytilidae, 132 
Mytilimeria nuttalli, 135 
Mytiloida, 132 
Mytilus californianus, 132,146; 
M. trossulus (edulis), 132,140,142, 
146 
Myxicola aesthetica, 67; 
M. infundibulum, 67 
Myxilla behringensis, 11; M. lacunosa, 
11 
Myxillidae Family, I1 
Naineris berkltyorum, 54; N. cara, 
17; N. dendritica, 54; N. laeuigata, 
54; N. uncinata, 54 
Nassariidae, 89,111,112 
Nassarius, 89 
Natantia, 181-83 
Natica, 89 
Naticidae, 89,113 
Nauplius, 157,159,160: key, 162-63; 
key stages, 161-62; larva, 186; 
stages, 161 
Neanthes, 58 
Nellobia eusoma, 86 
Nematostella uectensis, 19 
Nemertea, 28-38: development, 28- 
30; identification, 29; 
reproduction, 28-29 
Nemertopsis gracilis, 30 
Nemocardium centrifilosum, 133 
Neoamphitrite robusta, 76 
Neocrangon abyssorum, 182; 
N. communis, 182; N. resima, 182 
Neoesperiopsis digita, 11; 
N.  infunibula, 11; N. rigida, 11; 
N. uancouuernensis, I1 
Neogastropoda, 89 
Neoleanira areolata, 65 
Neoleprea spiralis, 76 
Neoloricata, 153 
Neopygospio laminifera, 71 
Neotrypaea californiensis, 184,215- 
16; N. gigas, 184 
Neoturris spp., 17 
Nephtheidae Family, 19 
Nephtyidae Family, 45,58 
Nephtys assignis, 58; N. caeca, 58; 
N. caecoides, 58; N. californiensis, 
58; N. cornuta cornuta, 58; 
N. cornuta franciscana, 58; 
N. discors, 58; N. ferruginea, 58; 
N. longosetosa, 58; N. paradoxa, 58; 
N. punctata, 58; N. rickettsi, 58; 
N. schmitti, 58 
Neptunea, 89 
Neptunidae, 89 
Nereidae Family, 46,58,59 
Nereis brandti, 59; N. callaona, 59; 
N. diuersicolor, 59; N. eakini, 59; 
N.  grubei, 59; N.  japonica, 59; 
N. lighti, 59; N. limnicola, 59,60; 
N. mediator, 59; N. natans, 59; 
N.  neoneanthes, 59; N.  pelagica, 59, 
60; N. procera, 59; N. uexillosa, 59; 
N. uirens, 59, 60; N. zonata, 59 
Nerine, 71 
Netastoma rostrata, 135 
Neverita, 89 
Nicomache lurnbricalis, 50; 
N. personata, 50 
N i c o ~ ~  moniloceras, 59 
Ninoe gemmea, 52 
Nitidiscala, 89; N. tincta, 110 
Nolella stipata, 262 
North Atlantic Lepton, 145 
Notaspidea, 119 
Notaspidean heterobranchs, 104 
Notaspidean opisthobranchs, 96,98 
Nothria, 52: N. abyssalis, 52; 
N. geophiliformis, 52; N. iridescens, 
52; N. occidentalis, 52 
Notocirrus californiensis, 51 
Notodorididae, 90 
Notomastus balanoglossi, 50; 
N. giganteus, 50; N. lineatus, 50; 
N. magnus, 50; N. tenuis, 50 
Notophyllum imbricatum, 60; 
N. tectum, 60 
Notoplana atomata, 27; N. celeris, 27; 
N. inquieta, 27; N. inquilina, 27; 
N. longastyletta, 27; N. natans, 27; 
N. rupicola, 27; N. rupicola 
rupicola, 27; N. sanjuania, 27 
Notoproctus pacificus, 50 
Notopygos labiatus, 48 
Notostomus japonicus, 183 
Nucella, 89 
Nucellidae, 89 
Nucula delphinodonta, 139; 
N. proxima, 139; N. tenuis, 132 
Nuculana cellutita, 132; N. hamata, 
132; N. minuta, 132 
Nuculanidae, 132 
Nuculidae, 132 
Nuculoida, 132,136 
Nudibranchia: Aeolidacea, 114, 
121; Arminacea, 121; 
Dendronotacea, 96,120; 
Doridacea, 120 
Nuttallina californica, 153 
Nynantheae Suborder, 19 
Obelia bidentata, 17; 0 .  dichotoma, 
17; 0 .  geniculata, 17 
Ocenebra, 89 
Ococorallia, 19 
Octopoda, 154-56 
Octopodidae, 154 
Octopus dofleini, 154,155,156; 
0 .  leioderma, 154,155; 
0. rubescens, 154,155,156 
Odontogena borealis, 133 
Odontosyllis pawa, 66; 0. phosphorea, 
66; 0. phosphorea uar. 
nanaimoensis, 66 
Odostomia, 89 
Oedignathus inermis, 184 
Oenopota, 89: 0. leuidensis, 112 
Oerstedia dorsalis, 30,31 
Oikopleura sp., 298 
Oligobrachia dogieli, 86; 0. webbi, 86 
Olindiasidae Family, 17 
Oliuella, 89 
Olivellidae, 112 
Olividae, 89 
Onchidella, 90 
Onchidiidae, 90 
Onchidorididae, 90 
Onchidoris, 90: 0 .  bilamellata, 120; 
0. muricata, 120 
Oncoscolex, 53 
Oncousoecia ouoidea, 261 
Oncousoeciidae Family, 261 
Onoba, 89 
Onuphidae Family, 46,52 
Onuphis, 52: 0 .  longibranchiata, 52 
Opalia, 89 
Ophelia borealis, 53; 0 .  limacina, 53 
Ophelida Order, 53 
Ophelidae Family, 46,54 
Ophelina acuminata, 54 
Ophiodermella, 89 
Ophiodmmus pugettensis, 57 
Ophiopholis aculeata, 274,289 
310 lder 
- 
itification Guide t o  Larval Marine In\ fertebrates o f  the Pacific Northwest 
Ophiopluteus, 288,289: larvae 288, 
289 
Ophiopteris papillosa, 274 
Ophiura leptoctenia, 274; 0. lutkeni, 
274; 0. sarsi, 274 
Ophiurida Order, 274 
Ophiuroidea Class, 274,287-89 
Ophiuroids,  274,287-89 
Ophlitaspongia, 8,9: 0. pennata, 11; 
0. seriata, 8 
Opisthobranchia, 89: Anaspidea, 
90; Cephalaspidea, 89; 
Gymnosomata,  90; Notaspidea, 
90; Nudibranchia, Aeolidacea, 90; 
Nudibranchia, Arminacea, 90; 
Nudibranchia, Dendronotacea, 
90; Nudibranchia, Doridacea, 90; 
Sacoglossa, 90; Thecosomata, 
Euthecosomata, 90; Thecosomata, 
Pseudothecosomata, 90 
Opisthobranchs comparative data, 
11 a 2 2  
Oplophoridae Family, 183 
Orbinia, 53 
Orbiniida Order, 53-54 
Orbiniidae Family, 46,53 
Oregonia bifurca, 185; 0. gracilis, 
186,198,243-244 
Orina sp., 11 
Oriopsis gracilis, 67 
Orthasterias koehleri, 273 
Orthopagurus minimus, 184; 
0. schmitti, 203 
Orthopyxis spp., 17 
Oscarella, 8 
Osteoida Order, 132 
Ostracods, 159 
Ostrea conchaphilia, 133; 0. lurida, 
133,140,143,147 
Ostreidae, 133 
Ostreoida, 132 
Ovatella, 90 
Oweniafusiformis, 55 
Oweni ida Order, 54 
Oweni idae Family, 46,54 
Oysters,  135: Eastern, 144; Giant 
Pacific, 144; Native  Pacific, 147 
Pachastrellidae Family, 11 
Pachycerianthusfimbriatus, 15,19,20 
Pachychalina spp., 11 
Pachycheles, 201: P. pubescens, 185, 
202,234; P. rudis, 185,202,235 
Pachygrapsus crassipes, 185,194,201, 
241-42 
Paguridae Family, 184,195,201, 
202,203,223-32: k e y  megalopae, 
231-32; k e y  z w a e  I, 223-24; k e y  
zoeae II, 225; k e y  zoeae 111,225, 
227; k e y  zoeae IV, 226-231; k e y  
zoeal stages, 223 
Pagurus aleuticus, 184; P. amatus ,  
184; P. beringanus, 185,203; 
P. capillatus, 185; P. caurinus, 185; 
P. confmgosus, 185; P. cornutus, 
185; P. dalli, 185; P. granosimanus, 
185,202; l? hemphilli, 185; 
P. hirsutiusculus, 185,203; 
P. ochotensis, 185,204; P. quaylei, 
185; P. samuelis, 185; P. setosus, 
185; Pagurus sp. C ,  224,227,231, 
232; Pagurus sp. I, 224,227,231; 
Pagurus sp. J, 229,232; l? tanneri, 
185; P. turgidus, 184,202,218,219; 
P. ulreyi, 184 
Palaeonemertea Order, 28-31 
Paleanotus bellis, 55, 56; 
P. chysolepis, 55; P. occidentale, 55 
Palio zosterae, 120 
Pandalidae Family, 183,197,205 
Pandalopsis ampala, 183; P. dispar, 
183,205,206 
Pandalus borealis, 183,207; P. danae, 
183,208; P. eous (borealis), 207; 
P. gurneyi, 183; P. jordani, 183,209, 
210; P. platyceros, 183,211,212; 
P. stenolepis, 183, 214,215; 
P. tridens, 183; 
Pandeidae Family, 17 
Pandora bilirata, 135; J? filosa, 135; 
P. glacialis, 135; P. punctata, 135; 
P. wardiana, 135 
Pandoridae, 135 
Panomya chrysis, 135 
Panope abrupta, 135 
Paracaudina chilensis, 274,286 
Paracornulum, 9 
Paracrangon echinata, 182 
Paractinostola faeculenta, 18,19 
Paracyathus stearnsi, 19 
Paradexiospira violacea, 68; P. vitrea, 
68 
Paragorgia pacifica, 19 
Paragrogiidae Family, 19 
Paralomis multispina, 184; P. verrilli, 
184 
Paranaitis, 61 
Paranemertes peregrina, 30 
Paraonidae Family, 54 
Paraonis, 54; P. ivanovi 54 
Parapaguridae Family, 185,195, 
201 
Parapagurus pilosimanus, 185 
Parapasiphae sulcatifrons, 183 
~araprionospio pinnata, 70,72 
Parasabella, 67; P. maculata, 67 
Parasitic barnacles, 158, 174-76 
Parasmittina collifera, 263 
Paraspidosiphon fischeri, 81 
Parastennella sp., 19 
Parastichopus californicus, 273,285; 
P. leukothele, 273; P. paruimensis, 
273; Parastichopus sp., 285,286 
Parenchymella larvae, 6,7 
Paresperella psila, 11 
Pantamussium alaskensis, 132 
Pasiphaea pacifica, 183; P. tarda, 183 
Pasiphaeidae Family, 183 
Patellogastropoda Order, 89,96,97, 
114 
Patinopecten caurinus, 132 
Peachia quinquecapitata, 18,19 
Peanut worms ,  80-84 
Pectinaria, 75: P. belgica, 75; 
P. californiensis, 75 
Pectinaridae Family, 44,75 
Pectinidae, 132 
Pedivelige, 137,138 
Pelagobia longicirrata, 58 
Pelagodiscus atlanticus, 271 
Pelagosphera: larvae, 80-81; stage, 
80-81 
Pelecypods, 131-51 
Pelonia corrugata, 297 
Peltogaster, 175: l? boschmae, 158, 
175; P. gracilis, 158, 175; P. paguri, 
158,175 
Peltogastridae, 175 
Penaeidae Family, 182,196 
Penares cortius, 11 
Penetrantia sp., 262 
Penetrantiidae Family, 262 
Penitella conradi, 135; P. gabbii, 135; 
P. penita, 135; P. turnerae, 135 
Pennatula phosphorea, 19 
Pennalulacea Order, 15,19 
Pematul idae  Family, 19 
Pentamera lissoplaca, 274; 
P. populifera, 274; 
P. pseudocalciegera, 274; 
P. trachyplaca, 274 
Pereonites, 179 
Periclymma larva, 137,139 
Perigonimus spp., 17 
Perinereis monterea, 58 
Periwinkles, 89 
Perophora annectens, 300; P. listeri, 
299 
Perophoridae Family, 300 
Petalidium subspinosum, 182 
Petricola carditoides, 134; P. 
pholadifomis, 134,140,147 
Petricolidae, 135 
Petrolisthes, 201: l? cinctipes, 185, 
202,234; l? eriomerus, 185,201, 
235 
Petrosiida Order, 11 
Petrosiidae Family, 11 
Phakettia ?beringensis, 11 
Phascolion cryptus, 81; P. strombi, 81 
Phascolopsis gouldi, 81 
Phascolosoma agassizii, 80,81, 82; 
P. antillarum, 81; P. perlucens, 81; 
P. varians, 81 
Phascolosomatidae Family, 80 
Pherusa inpata, 53; P. neopapillata, 
53; P. papillata, 53; P. plumosa, 53 
Phidolopora labiata, 263 
Philine, 89,104: P. auriformis, 119 
Philinidae, 89 
Philobya setosa, 132 
Philobryidae, 132 
Phlebobranchia Suborder, 300 
Pholadidae, 134 
Pholadomyoida, 135 
Pholoe caeca, 65,66; l? minuta, 65; 
P. tuberculata, 65 
Pholoides aspera, 60 
Pholoididae Family, 60 
Phorbas, 9,10 
Phoronida, 253-59: early pelagic 
stages, 258; identification, 253; 
local taxa, 257; reproduction and 
development,  253 
Phoronis architects, 254,255,256; 
P. ijimai, 254; P. muelleri, 256; 
P. pallida, 254,255; P. 
vancouverensis, 254 
Phoronopsis harmeri, 256; P. viridis, 
254,256,257 
Phylactellidae Family, 263 
Phyllaplysia, 90: P. taylori, 119 
Phyllochaetopterus prolifica, 69 
Phyllodoce, 60: P. castanea, 61; 
l? polynoides, 61 
Phyllodocella, 59 
Phyllodocidae Family, 48,60-62 
Phyllodocidae Order, 55-66 
Phyllodurus abdominalis, 178 
Phyllolithodes papillosus, 184 
Phylloplana viridis, 27 
Phyla felix, 54 
Physonectae Suborder, 17 
Physophora hydrostatica, 17 
Physophoridae Family, 17 
Pilargiidae Family, 44,62 
Pilargus berkeleyi, 63 
Pileolaria langerhansi, 68; 
P. quadrangularis, 68; P. potswaldi, 
68,69 
Pilidium larvae, 32-36: history of 
classification, 34-35; new 
observations, 35-36 
Pinnixa eburna, 186; P. faba, 186; 
P. littoralis, 186; P. occidentalis, 186; 
P. schmitti, 186; Pinnixa spp., 186, 
199; P. tubicola, 186 
Pinnotheres pugettensis, 186; 
P. taylori, 186,246 
Pinnotheridae Family, 186,193,194, 
197-199,244-246 
Pionosyllis gigantea, 66 
Pisaster brevisainus, 273; P. 
. . .  
giganteus, 273; P. ochcraceus, 273, 
282 
Ptsta brevibranchiata, 76; P. cristata, 
76; P. elongata, 76; P. fasctata, 76; 
P. fimbriata, 76; P. moorei, 76; 
P. pacifica, 76 
Placida, 90: P. dendritica, 119 
Placiphorella rufa, 153; P. verlata, 153 
Plagioecia patina, 261 
Plakina, 8: P. ?brachylopha, 11; 
Plakina sp., 11; P.?trilopha, 11 
Plakinidae Family, 11 
Planes cyaneus, 185; P. marinus, 185 
Planula, 14, 16,21 
Platyasterida Order, 273 
Platyhelminthes Phylum, 26 
Platynereis, 59 
Platyodon cancellatus, 134 
Playtnereis bicanaliculata, 59,60; 
P. dumerili var. agassizi, 59 
Plectodon scaber, 135 
Pleocyemata, 184 
Pleraplysilla sp., 12 
Pleurobranchaea californica, 96,119 
Pleurobranchia, 90 
Pleurobranchidae, 90 
Pleurogona Order, 300 
Plexauridae Family, 19 
Pliclfusus, 89 
Plocamia kaykina, 11 
Plocamiidae Family, 11 
Plocamilla illgi, 11; P. lambei, 11 
Plotohelmis. 55 
Plumularia spp., 17 
Plumulariidae Family, 17 
Pluteus larvae, 275 
Pneumoderma, 90 
Pneumodermatidae, 90 
Pneumodermopsis, 90 
Podarke, 57 
Podarkeopsis brevipalpa, 57 
Pododesmus cepio, 133 
Podotuberculum hoffmanni, 11 
Poecillastra rickettsi, 11 
Poecilosclerid larvae, 11 
Poecilosclerida Order, 9,10,11 
Pogonophora Phylum, 86-87 
Polinices, 89: P. lewisii, 113 
Pollicipes polymerus, 158,162,162, 
174 
Polybrachia canadensis, 87 
Polybrachiidae Family, 87 
Polycera, 90: l? atra, 120 
Polyceratidae, 90 
Polychaeta, 41-79: development, 
41-42; morphology, 41-44; 
reproduction, 41-42 
Polycirrus caliendrum, 76; 
P. californicus, 76 
Polyclades, 26 
Polycladida Order, 26 
Polyclinidae Family, 302 
Polydora, 71: P. alloporis, 71; 
l? armata, 71; P. brachycpphala, 71; 
P. caeca var. mangna, 71; P. cardalia, 
71; P. ciliata war. spongicola, 71; 
P. commensalis, 71, 72; P. giardi, 71; 
P. kempi japonica, 71; P. lighti, 71, 
72; P. ligni, 71,72; P. plena, 71; 
P. pygidialis, 71; P. socialis, 71, 72; 
P. spongicola, 71; P. websteri, 71,72 
Polymastia, 8: P. pacificn, 11; 
P. pachymastia, 11 
Polymastiidae Family, 11 
Polynoe canadensis, 63; P. gracilis, 63 
Polynoidae Family, 48,63-65 
Polyplacophora, 152-54 
Polytrochous larvae, 99 
Porcellanidae: Family, 185,194,201, 
232-34; key to zoeae, 232-233 
Porella columbiana, 263; P. concinna, 
263; P. porifera, 263 
Porifera: larvae, 6; reproduction, 5 
Portunidae Family, 186,194,200, 
246-48 
Portunion conformis, 178 
Postlarva, 187 
Potamididae, 89 
Potamilla californica, 67; P. 
intermedia, 67; P. neglecta, 67; 
P. occelata, 67 
Praxillella affinis war. pacifica, 50; 
P. gracilis, 50 
Praya dubia, 17; P. reticulata, 17 
Prayidae Family, 17 
Prianos problematicus, 11 
Primnoa willeyi, 19 
Primnoidae Family, 19 
Prionospio, 70: P. lighti, 71; 
P. malmgreni, 71; P. ornata, 70; 
l? steenstrupi, 71,72 
Proboscidactyla flavicirrata, 17 
Proboscidactylidae Family, 17 
Proboscina incrassata, 261 
Proboscis, 31,32 
Procephalothrix~iformis, 31; 
P. simulus, 31; P. spiralis, 30 
Propagules, 17 
Prophyxus alascensis, 178 
Prosobranchia Subclass, 89 
Prosuberites sp., 11 
Protocapitella, 49 
Protodorvillea gracilis, 51; 
P. kefersteini, 51; P. recuperata, 51 
Protoglossidae Family, 293 
Protohydra leuckarti, 17 
Protohydridae Family, 17 
Protolaeospira eximia, 68 
Protoptilidae Family, 19 
Protothaca staminea, 134; P. tenerrina, 
134 
Psammobiidae, 134 
Psammopemma sp., 12 
Psephidia brdi, 134; P. ovalis, 134 
Pseudaxinella Irosacea, 11 
Pseudione galacanthue, 178; P. giardi, 
1 78 
Pseudoceros canadensis, 27 
Pseudocerotidae Family, 27 
Pseudochama exogyra, 133 
Pseudochitinopoma occidentalis, 68 
Pseudomelatoma, 89 
Pseudopolydora kempi, 71,72 
Pseudopotamilla, 67: P. reniformis, 67 
Pseudopythina compressa, 133; 
P. rugifera, 133 
Pseudosabellides, 74 
Pseudostylochus burchami, 27; 
P. ostreophagus, 27 
Pseudosuberites spp., 11 
Pseudothecosome pteropod, 107 
Psolidium bulatum, 273 
Psolus chitonoides, 273,286; 
P. squamatus, 273 
Pteraster tesselatus, 273,283 
Pterotrachea, 89; P. coronata, 105 
Pterotracheidae, 89; pterotracheid 
heteropod, 105 
Ptilosarcus gurney;, 18,19 
Ptychoderidae Family, 293,295 
Ptychogena spp., 17 
Puellina setosa, 262 
Pugettia gracilis, 186, 200; 
P. producta, 186,201; P. richii, 186; 
Pugettia sp., 198 
Pulmonata, 89,90 
Pulsellidae, 154 
Pulsellum salishorum, 154 
Puncturella, 89 
Pycnoclavella stanleyi, 301,302 
Pycnopodia helianthoides, 273 
Pygospio elegans, 71,72 
Pyramidellacea, 89 
Pyramidellid: heterobranchs, 103, 
104; snails, 89 
312 ldeni 
- 
titication Guide to Larval Marine In vertebrates of the Pacific Northwest 
Pyramidellidacea Superorder, 89 
Pyramidellidae, 89 
Pyura haustor, 300; P. microcosmus, 
299; P. mirabilis, 300 
Pyuridae Family, 300 
Radiceps sp., 19 
Raspailiidae Family, 11 
Rathkea octopunctata, 17 
Rathkeidae Family, 17 
Reginella furcata, 262; R. nitida, 262 
Reniera, 9; R. mollis, 11 
Renilla sp., 15 
Reptantia, 181,184-86 
Reteporidae Family, 263 
Retusidae, 89,104 
Rhamphidonta retifera, 133 
Rhamphostomella cellata, 263; 
R. costata, 263; R. cuwirostrata, 263 
Rhinolithodes wossnessenskii, 184, 
222 
Rhizocaulus uerticillatus, 17 
Rhizocephala, 158,174-76 
Rhizogeton sp., 17 
Rhodine bitorquata, 50 
Rhynchozoon tumulosum, 263 
Rhynocragon alata, 182 
Rhysia sp., 17 
Rhysiddae Family, 17 
Rictaxis, 89; R. punctocaelatus, 119 
Rissoidae, 89,111 
Rithropanopeus harrisii, 186,201,249 
Ritterella aequalisiphonis, 302; 
R. pulchra, 302; R. mbra, 301,302 
Romanchella, 68 
Rostanga, 90; R. pulchra, 107,120 
Rostangidae, 90 
Rostaria larva, 48 
Runcina, 89; R. macfarlandi, 119 
Runcinidae, 89 
Sabella, 67: S. aulaconota, 67; 
S. crassicornis, 67 
Sabellaria alueola, 75, 76; 
S. cementarium, 75; S. gracilis, 75 
Sabellariidae Family, 45,46,75 
Sabellida Order, 67-68 
Sabellidae Family, 47,67-68 
Saccoglossus bromophenolosus, 293; 
S. horsti, 294; Saccoglossus spp., 
293 
Sacculina carcini, 175 
Sacculinidae, 175 
Sacoglossa, 119: Sacoglossan 
opisthobranchs, 106 
Sagitella kowaleuskii, 66 
Salmacina dysteri uar. tribranchiata, 
68; S. tribranchiata, 68 
Sand dollars, 278-81 
Sarcodictyon sp., 19 
Sarsia japonica, 17; Sarsia spp., 17 
Sarsonuphis elegans, 52; S. lepta, 52 
Saxicaue, 145 
Saxidomus giganteus, 134,140,143, 
147 
Scalibregma inflaturn, 53 
Scalibregmidae Family, 53 
Scalpellum columbianum, 158 
Scaphopoda, 154 
Schistocomus hiltoni, 75 
Schistorneringos longicornis, 51 
Schizobranchia insignis, 67 
Schizomauella auriculata, 263 
Schizoplax brandtii, 153 
Schizoporella cornuta, 263; S. linearis, 
263; S. unicornis, 263 
Schizoporellidae, 263 
Scintillona bellerophon, 133 
Scionella japonica, 76 
Scissurellidae, 89 
Scleractinia Order, 15,19,20 
Scleraxonia Suborder, 19 
Scleroplaxgranulata, 186 
Scleroptilidae Family, 19 
Scleroptilum sp., 19 
Scolelepis acuta, 71; S. foliosa, 71; 
S. squamata, 71 
Scoloplos, 53, 54: S. acmeceps, 54; 
S. armiger, 54 
Scrobiculariidae, 134 
Scruparia sp., 265,267 
Scrupocellaria californica, 262; 
S. reptans, 265; S. uarians, 262 
Scmpocellariidae Family, 262 
Scypha compacta, 9; S. mundula, 9; 
S. protecta, 9; Scypha spp. 9 
Scyphozoa Class, 13 
Scyra acutifrons, 186 
Sea anemones, 13 
Sea cucumbers, 285-87 
Sea pens, 14 
Sea stars, 281-84 
Sea urchins, 278-81 
Searlesia, 89 
Semele rubropicta, 134 
Semibalanus balanoides, 158,162, 
163,170,171; S. cariosus, 158, 162, 
163,167,169,179 
Sepioidea, I55 
Septibranchida, 135 
Sergestidae Family, 182, 196 
Sergia tenuiremis, 182 
Serpula columbiana, 68; 
S. uermicularis, 68 
Serpulidae Family, 47,67-68 
Serripes groenlandicus, 133 
Sertularella spp., 17 
Sertularia spp., 17 
Sertulariidae Family, 17 
Sessiliflorae Suborder, 19 
Shell coiling, 101 
Shipworm: Common, 147; 
Feathery, 139 
Shortscale Eualid, 204 
Shrimp: Bay Ghost, 215,216; Blue 
Mud, 216,217; Dock, 208; Pacific 
Ocean, 209-10; Rough Patch, 212- 
13; Sidestriped, 205,206; Spot, 
211-12 
Siboglinidae Family, 87 
Siboglinum fedotoui, 87; S. fiordicum, 
86; S. pusillum, 87 
Siderastraea SD.. 15 
' , 
Sigalionidae Family, 48,65 
Sixambra tentaculata, 63 
 d do cia, 9: S .  edaphus, 11; 
Sigmadocia spp., 11 
Siliqua lucida, 134; S. patula, 134; 
S. sloati, 134 
Sinistrella media, 68 
Siphonaria, 90 
Siphonariidae, 90 
Siphonophora Class, 13 
Siphonosoma cumanense, 81; 
Siphonosoma sp,, 81 
Sipuncula, 80-84: development, 80- 
81; identification, 81-82; 
reproduction, 80-81 
Sipunculus nudus, 81; S. polymyotus, 
81; Sipunculus sp., 81 
Slipper shells, 105,108 
Smittina cordata, 263; S. landsboroui, 
263 
Smittinidae Family, 263 
Snails: Bubble, 89; Lunged, 89; 
Moon, 113; Pyramidellid, 89; 
Turban, 89; Tusk, 154; Vermetid, 
88 
Solariella, 89 
Solaster dawsoni, 273; S. stimpsoni, 
273 
Solecurtidae, 134 
Solemya reidi, 132, 136,139; 
S. velum, 139 
Solemyidae, 132 
Solemyoida, 132,136 
Solen sicarius, I34 
Solenidae, 134 
Solenosmilia uariabilis, 19 
Solidobalanus engbergi, 158; 
S. hesperius, 158,162,171 
Spat, 136 
Spatangoida Order, 273 
Spengelidae Family, 293 
Sphaerodoridae Family, 45,65 
Sphaerodoridium, 65 
Sphaerodoropsis biserialis, 65; 
S. minuta, 65; S. sphaerulifer, 65 
Sphaerodorum, 65: S. papillifer, 65 
Sphaeronectes gracilis, 17 
Sphaeronectidae Family, 17 
Sphaerosyllis californiensis, 66; 
S. hystrix, 66; S. pirifera, 66 
Sphenia ouoidea, 134 
Spicules, 6 
Spinulosida Order, 273,283 
Spiny Lebbeid, 204 
Spiofilicornis, 71,72 
Spiochaetopterus costarum, 69 
Spionida Order, 68-73 
Spionidae Family, 46,70-73 
Spiophanes berkeleyorum, 71; 
S. bombyx, 71,72; S. cirrata, 71; 
S. foliosa, 71, 72; S. squamata, 71, 
72 
Spirontocaris arcuata, 183; S. holmesi, 
183; S. lamellicornis, 183; 
S. prionota, 183; S. sica, 183; 
S. spina, 183; S. synderi, 183; 
S. truncafa, 183 
Spirophorida Order, 11 
Spirorbidae Family, 47,68 
Spirorbis, 68: S. ambilateralis, 68; 
S. bifurcatus, 68; S. moerchi, 68; 
S. racemosus, 68; S. rugatus, 68; 
S. semidentatus, 68; S. uariabilis, 68 
Index 
-
Spirularina Suborder, 19 
Spisula falcata, 133 
Spongia, 10 
Spongionella sp., 11 
Stauronereis, 51: S. articulata, 51 
Staurophora spp., 17 
Stegopoma spp., 17 
Stelletta clarella, 11 
Stellettidae Family, 11 
Stelodo y x  alaskensis, 11 
Stelotrochota hartmani, 11 
Stenolaemates, 261 
Stenoplax fallaz, 153; S. heathiana, 
153 
Stephanauge annularis, 19 
Stephanosella uitrea, 263 
Stereogastrula larvae, 6 
Sternaspida Order, 74 
Sternaspidae Family, 74 
Sternaspis afinis, 74; S. fossor, 74; 
S. scutata, 74 
Sthenelais berkeleyi, 65; S. fusca, 65; 
S. uerruculosa, 65 
Stiliger, 90: S.fuscouittatus, 119 
Stiligeridae, 90 
Stolidobranchia Suborder, 300,302 
Stolonifera Suborder, 19 
Stomachetosella cruenta, 263; 
S. limbata, 263; S. sinuosa, 263 
Stomachetosellidae Family, 263 
Stornatopora granulata, 261 
Stomphia coccinea, 19; S. didemon, 19; 
Stomphia sp., 19 
Stone coral, 15 
Straight-hinge stage, 138 
Streblospio benedicti, 71 
Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, 
273; S. franciscanus, 273,278,279; 
S. purpuratus, 51,273,278,279; 
Strongylocentrotus sp., 278 
Styela (barnhart;) claua, 300; 
S. clauata, 300; S. coriacea, 300; 
S. gibbsii, 300; S. montereyensis, 
300; S. partita, 299; Styela sp., 299; 
S. truncata, 300 
Styelidae Family, 300,302 
Stylasterias forreri, 273 
Stylasteridae Family, 17 
Stylasterina Order, 13,17 
Stylatula elongata, 19 
Styleroides, 53 
Stylinos sp., 11 
Styliola, 90: S. subula, 117 
Stylissa stipitata, 11 
Stylochidae Family, 27 
Stylochoplana chloranota, 27 
Stylochus, 26: S. atentaculatus, 27; 
S. tripartitus, 27 
Stylopus arndti, 11 
Stylostomum album, 27; S. sanjuania, 
27 
Suberites montiniger, 11; S.  ?suberea, 
11; S. simplex, 11; Suberites sp., 11 
Suberitidae Family, 11 
Subselliflorae Suborder, 19 
Swiftia kofoidi, 19; S. simplex, 19; 
S. spauldingi, 19; S. torreyi, 19 
Sycandra ?utriculus, 9 
Sycettida Order, 9 
Sycettidae Family, 9 
Syhmelmis aff. klatti, 63 
Syllidae Family, 47, 66 
Syllis, 66: S. adamantea, 66; 
S. alternata, 66; S. armillaris, 66; 
S. elongata, 66; S. heterochaeta, 66; 
S. hyalina, 66; S. oerstedi, 66; 
S. pulchra, 66; S .  spenceri, 66; 
S. uariegata, 66 
Sylon hippolytes, 158,175 
Sylonidae, 175 
Symplectoscyphus spp., 17 
Synnotum aegyptiacum, 262 
Synoicum georgianum, 301; 
S. parfustis, 302; Synoicum sp., 302 
Syringella amphispicula, 11 
Systellaspis braueri, 183; S. cristata, 
183 
Tachy ynchus, 89 
Tadpole larvae, 298-303 
Tagelus californianus, 134 
Tapes philippinarum, 134 
Taranis, 89 
Tauberia gracilis, 54 
Tealiafilina. See Urticina 
Tedania, 9: T. fragilis, 11; 
T. gurjanouae, 11 
Tedaniidae Family, 11 
Tedanione obscurata, 11 
Tegella aquilirostris, 262; T. armifera, 
262; T. robertsonae, 262 
Tegula, 89 
Telepsauus, 69 
Tellina bodegensis, 134; T. carpenteri, 
134; T. modesta, 134; T. nuculeoides, 
134 
Tellinidae, 134 
Telmessus cheiragonus, 185 
Tenellia, 90: T. adspersa, 114, 121 
Tenthrenodes sp., 9 
Terebellidae Family, 75-76 
Terebellidae Order, 74-76 
Terebellides stroemi, 76 
Terebratalia transersa, 269 
Terebratalina, 270 
Teredinidae, 135 
Teredo naualis, 135,140,147 
Tergipedidae, 90,114 
Terrebratulina unguicula, 269 
Tethidae Family, 11 
Tethya, 8: T. californiana, 11 
Tethyidae, 90 
TetiUidae Family, 11 
Tetrastemma candidum, 30; 
T. nigrifrons, 30; T. phyllospadicola, 
30 
Teuthoidea, 155 
Thalassinidae, 184,197 
Thalysias lmigata, 11 
Tharyx, 60: T. multifilis, 70; 
T. multifilis uar. pantus, 70; 
T. pamus, 70 
Thecanephria Order, 87 
Thecata Suborder, 17 
Thecocarpus spp., 17 
Thecosomata, 120 
Thelepus cincinnatus, 76; T. crispus, 
76; T. hamatus, 76; T. setosus, 76 
Themiste alutacea, 81; T. dyscrita, 80; 
T. lagenifomis, 81; T. pyroides, 80, 
81 
Thompsonia sp., 175,176 
Thoracica, 165-74 
Thoracophelia, 53 
Thracia beringi, 134; T. challisiana, 
134; T. curta, 134; T. trapezoides, 
134 
Thraciidae, 134 
Thuiaria spp., 17 
Thyasira barbarensis, 133; T. cygnus, 
133; T. gouldii, 133 
Thyasiridae, 133 
Thyonicola, 89 
Thysanocardia nigra, 80 
Tiarannidae Family, 17 
Tiaropsidium spp., 17 
Tiaropsis spp., 17 
Tochuina, 90 
Tomopteridae Family, 45,66 
Tomopteris caualli, 66; T. elegans, 66; 
T. pacifica, 66; T. renata, 66; 
T. septentrionalis, 66 
Topsentia disparilis, 11; T. insignis, 
153; T. lineata, 153 
Tornaria larva, 294,295 
Toxidocia spp., 11 
Transenella confusa, 134; T. tantilla, 
134 
Trauisia brevis, 53; T. carnea, 53; 
T. pupa, 53 
Trauisiopsis lobifera, 66 
Trematoda Class, 26 
Tresus capax, 134, 140,148; 
T. nuttalli, 134 
Tricellaria gracilis, 262; 
T. occidentalis, 262, 266; 
T. praescuta, 262; T. ternata, 262 
Trichobranchidae Family, 76 
Trichobranchus glacialis, 76 
Trichotropididae, 89 
Trichotropis, 89 
Trichydra pudica, 17 
Trichydridae Family, 17 
Tricolia, 89 
Trididemnum opacum, 302; 
T. strangulatum, 302 
Tridonta alaskensis, 133 
Trimusculidae, 90 
Trimusculus, 90 
Triopha, 90: T. catalinae, 120; 
T. maculata, 120 
Triticella pedicellata, 262 
Triticellidae Family, 262 
Tritonia, 90: T. diomedea, 120; 
T. festiua, 120 
Tritoniidae, 90 
Trochidae, 89 
Trochochaeta franciscanum, 74; 
T. multisetosa, 74 
Trochochatidae Family, 74 
Trochophore larvae, 93,94 
Trophonia, 52 
Trophonopsis, 89 
Trypanosyllis gemmipara, 66; 
T. ingens, 66 
314 Identification Guide t o  Larval Marine Invertebrates o f  the Pacific Northwest 
Trypetesa sp., 158 
Trypostega clauiculata, 263 
Tubilipora pulchra, 261 
Tubulanus capistratus, 30; 
T. polymorphus, 30; T. sexlineatus, 
30; Tubulanus sp., 31 
Tubularia, 16: T. crocea, 17; 
T. harrimani, 17; T. indiuisa, 17; 
T. marina, 17 
Tubulariidae Family, 17 
Tubulipora flabellaris, 261; T. pacifica, 
261; T. phalangea, 261; T. tuba; 261 
Tubuliporidae Family, 261 
Tunicates, 298-303 
Turbellaria Class, 26 
Turbinidae, 89 
Turbonilla, 89 
Turrid prosobranchs, 102 
Turridae, 89,112 
Tumtellidae, 89,109 
Turritellopsis, 89 
Turtonia minuta, 133 
Turtoniidae, 133 
Typhloscolecidae Family, 66 
Typosyllis, 66 
Ulosa, 10 
Umbellula lindahli, 19 
Umbellulidae Family, 19 
Umbo stage, 138 
Umbonula arctica, 263 
Umbonulidae Family, 263 
Ungulinidae, 133 
Upogebia pugettensis, 184,196,216- 
17 
Upogebiidae Family, 184,196,216 
Urechidae Family, 86 
Urechis caupo, 85,86 
Urochordata, 298-303 
Urticia crassicornis, 19,22; 
U. lofotensis, 19; U. pisciuora, 19; 
Urticia sp., 19 
Urticina columbiana, 19; U. coriacea, 
19; U. crassicornis, 19; U. filina, 15, 
19 
Valvatida Order, 273 
Veliconcha, 138: Veliconcha stage, 
138 
Veliger, 137,139: Veliger larvae, 91, 
92,93 
Velutina, 89: V. plicatilis, 115; 
V. velutina, 115 
Velutinid prosobranchs, 97 
Velutinidae, 89 
Veneridae, 134 
Veneroida, 133 
Vermetidae, 89 
Vermetus, 89 
Verongiida Order, 12 
Verongiidae Family, 12 
Vesiculariidae Family, 262 
Vetigastropoda, 89,96,108 
Virgularia spp., 19 
Virgulariidae Family, 19 
Volvulella, 89 
Waltonia, 270 
Watersipora arcuata, 265 
Weberella ?uerrucosa, 11 
Whelks, 89 
Williamia, 90 
Worms: Acorn, 293-95; Coelomate, 
85-87; Common Ship-, 147; 
Feathery Ship-, 139; Flat-, 26; 
Peanut, 80-84; Ribbon, 30 
Xanthidae Family, 186,193,199, 
201,248-49: key to zoeae, 248 
Xenopneusta Order, 86 
Xestospongia trindanea, 11; X. vanilla, 
11; X. washingtonu, 135 
Xylophagaidae, 135 
Yellow Leg Pandalid, 214-15 
Yoldia amygdalea, 132; Y. limatula, 
132, 139; Y. myalis, 132; 
Y. scissurata, 132; Y. thraciaeformis, 
132 
Yoldiidae, 132 
Zephyrinidae, 90 
Zirfaea pilsb yii, 135 
Zoantharia Subclass, 19 
Zoanthidea Order, 15 
Zoanthinaria Order, 19,20 
Zoea, 187-88 
Zygherpe hyaloderma, 11 
Zygonemertes uirescens, 30 
Zygophylax spp., 17