Bust of Lafayette by Jean-Antoine Houdon, now on display in the rotunda of the capitol 
at Richmond, Virginia, where it faces Houdon's statue of Washington. 
I 
I 
1 
J Lafayette in the Age of 
l 
11 
U 
i1 
the American Revolution 
SELECTED LETTERS AND PAPERS, 1776-1790 
Volume V· January 4, 1782-December 29, 1785 
ST ANLEY J. IDZERDA and 
ROBERT RHODES CROUT, Editors 
Carol Godschall and Leslie Wharton, 
Assistant Editors 
CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS 
ITHACA AND LONDON 
~his book has been published with the aid of a irant from the National 
. Historical Publications and Records Commission. 
Copyright © 1983 by Cornell University 
ill rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts 
hereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing 
rom the publisher. For information address Cornell University Press, 124 
Roberts Place, Ithaca, New York 1485°. 
First published 1983 by Cornell University Press. 
Published in the United Kingdom by Cornell University Press Ltd., 
Ely House, 37 Dover Street, London WlX 4HQ. 
International Standard Book Number 0-80l4~1576~4 
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 76~50268 
Printed in the United States of America 
Librarians: Library of Congress cataloging information 
appears on the last page of the book. 
The paper in this book is acid-free, and meets the guidelines for permiJ.nence and 
durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity o[ the Coun~ 
cil on Library Resou:rces. f 
,I,' 
1/ 
"-1-, , 
THE PAPERS OF THE MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE 
Sponsored by the Cornell University Libraries, 
the National HistoriCal Publications 
and Records Commission, and the 
National Endowment for the Humanities 
ADVISORY BOARD 
E. Marie Benabou, Universite de Paris I 
Yves-Marie Berce, Universite de Limoges 
Louis Bergeron, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales 
Herbert Dieckmann, Cornell University 
Durand Echeverria, Brown University 
C, Herbert Finch, Cornell University 
Jacques Godechot, Universite de Toulouse 
Michael G. Kammen, Cornell University 
J. Gormly Miller, Cornell University 
Mary Beth Norton, Cornell University 
Steven L. Kaplan, Cornell University 
Robert R. Palmer, Yale University 
George W. Pierson, Yale University 
Howard C. Rice, Jr., Princeton University 
Fred Somkin, Cornell University 
Chantal de Tourtier-Bonazzi, Archives Nationales 
HONORARY MEMBERS 
Arthur H. Dean Comte Rene de Chambrun 
Mary Marden Dean 
I' 
, 
, 
i' 
Introduction 
Editorial Method 
CONTENTS 
Selection, xxvii; Transcription. xxvii; Translations, xxviii; 
Annotation and Index, x..xix 
Guide to Editorial Apparatus 
Textual Devices, xxxi; Descriptive Symbols, xxxi; 
Location Symbols, xxxii; Short Titles, xxxiii 
Chronological Outline 
PART I. FRANCE AND THE PEACE 
JANUARY 4, 1782-MARCH 2, 1783 
From George Washington, January 4, 1782 
To George Washington,January 18, 1782 
From the Comte de Vergennes, january ~3, 1782 
To me President of Congress, January 29, 1782 
To John Jay, January 30, 1782 
To George Washington, January 30, 1782 
To Benjanlin Franklin, February 12, 1782 
To Benjamin Franklin, [February 16-March '5, 1782]' 
From John Adams, February 20, 1782 
To Benjamin Franklin, February 25, 1782 
To the Comte de Vergennes, March 20, 1782 
To th~ Comte de Vergennes, March 20, 1782 
To John Adams, March 27, 1782 ' 
To John Jay,'March 28,1782 
To Robert R. Livingston, [March 30, 1782] 
To George Washington, March 30, 1782 
To George Washington, March 3', 1782 
From John Adams, April 6, 1782 
To George Washington, April 12, 1782 
To Henry Laurens, April '4, 1782 
Proposals for me French Campaign in North America, April 18, 
1782 
xxi 
xxvii 
xxxi 
xxxvii 
2 
4 
6 
6 
7 
8 
10 
'3 
'4 
'5 
'5 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
~5 
25 
26 
28 
xii Contents 
To John Jay, April 28,1782 
Franklin's Account of the Peace Negotiations with Great Britain, 
[May 1782] 
To John Adams, May 7, 1782 
From John Adams, May 21,1782 
To Benjamin Franklin, June 12, 1782 
To Benjamin Franklin, Uune 20, 1782] 
Minutes of the Assembly of June 24, 1782, of the Worthy Lodge 
of Saint John of Scotland of the Social Contract. 
To Benjamin Franklin, Gune 25, 1782] 
To Robert R. Livingston, June 25, 1782 
To George Washington, June 25, 1782 
To George Washington, June 29, [1782] 
From the Comte de Segur, July 7, 1782 
To Henry Laurens, August 20, 1782 
To the Comte de Vergennes, September 10, 1782 
To Benjamin Franklin, September 12, 1782 
To Benjamin Franklin, September '7, 1782 
From Benjamin Franklin, September '7, 1782 
To Benjamin Franklin, [September 21, '782] 
From John Adams, September 29, 1782 
To John Adams, October 6, 1782 
From George Washington, October 20, 1782 
To George Washington, October 24, 1782 
From Robert R. Livingston, November 2, 1782 
To the American Peace Commissioners, November 21, 1782 
To the Comte de Vergennes, November 22, 1782 
To George Washington, December 4, 1782 
To Benjamin Franklin, December 6, 1782 
To John Jay, December [26],1782 
To [the Comte"e de Tesse], January " 1783 
From Robert R. Livingston, January 10, 1783 
From John Jay, January '9, [1783] 
To William Carmichael, January 20,1783 
To William Carmichael, January 29, 1783 
To William Carmichael, February 2, 1783 
To the President of Congress, February 5, 1783 
To the President of Congress, February 5, 1783 
To Robert R. Livingston, February 5, 1783 
To Robert R. Livingston, February 5, 1783 
To George Washington, February 5, 1783 
To the Comte de Vergennes, February 5, 1783 
To John Jay, February '5, 1783 
To the Comte d'Estaing, February 18, 1783 
To the Comte de Vergennes, February 18, 1783 
To the Conde de Floridablanca, February '9, 1783 
From the Conde de Floridablanca, February 22, 1783 
,. 
:: 
;' , 
j. 
33 
34 
36 
37 
39 
40 
4' 
42 
43 
48 
49 
51 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
59 
59 
60 
62 
64 
66 
68 
69 
72 
74 
75 
77 
78 
79 
8, 
83 
83 
84 
85 
86 
88 
90 
93 
94 
97 
98 
99 
101 
:, 
, 
Contents xiii 
Note on Correspondence with the Conde de Floridablanca, 
February 22, 1783 . 102 
To Robert R. Livingston, March 2, 1783 102 
PART II. CONSOLIDATING THE PEACE, WITNESSING THE TRIUMPH 
MARCH 19, 1783-DECEMBER 23, 1784 
To Jean-Fran,ois Joly de Fleury, March '9, 1783 110 
To the Comte de Vergennes, March '9, 1783 112 
From George Washington, March 23, 1783 1'3 
To Adrienne de Noailles de Lafayette, March 27,1783 117 
From George Washington, April 5, 1783 119 
John Adams to J.:mes Warren, April 16, 1783 121 
To George Washington, April '9, 1783 124 
To William Carmichael, April 27, 1783 126 
To Sir Henry Clinton, April 30, 1783 127 
From Robert R. Livingston, May 1, 1783 ,,,8 
Recommendation of Lafayette for the Cross of Saint Louis, May 
5, 1783 '3
' To the American Peace Commissioners, May 12, 1783 131 
To George Washington, June 10, 1783 '32 
From Nathanael Greene, June 10, 1783 133 
To the Comte de Vergennes,June 12, 1783 134 
From George Washington, June '5, 1783 '35 
To John Adams, June 16, 1783 136 
From Henry Knox, June 16, 1783 137 
To the Comte de Vergennes, June 17,1783 i39 
From the Comte de Vergennes, June 29, 1783 140 
To Henry Laurens, July 6, 1783 '4' 
To the President of Congress, July 20, 1783 '42 
To the Comte de Vergennes, July 21, 1783 '44 
To George Washington, July 22, 1783 145 
Address of Nobles of Langeac to Lafayette, [August 4, 1783] '47 
To the President of Congress, September 7, 1783 148 
To George Washington, September 8, 1783 '5' 
To Jeremiah Wadsworth, September 28, 1783 '54 
From George Washington, October 12, 1783 '55 
To Benjamin Franklin, [October 20, 1783] 157 
From George Washington, October 20, 1783 158 
To [Mme de Sirniane?], October 21, 1783 158 
From George Washington, October 30, 1783 '59 
To George Washington, November 11, 1783 162 
To William Temple Franklin, November '9, 1783 165 
To William Carmichael, November 20, 1783 166 
To Benjamin Franklin, [December '3, 1783] 167 
Observations on Commerce between France and the United 
States, [December '3, 1783] 168 
xiv Contents 
To the Comte de Vergennes, December 16, 1783 
From Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, December 18, 1783 
To George Washington, December 25, 1783 
From Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, December 25, 1783 
To Robert Morris, December 26, 1783 
To James McHenry, December 26, 1783 
To Henry Knox, January 8, 1784 
From Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, January 9, 1784 
To Robert Morris, January 10, 1784 
To George Washington, January 10, 1784 
To Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, January 3', 1784 
From George Washington, February 1,1784 
From Thomas Mullens, February 5, 1784 
To Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, February 10, 1784 
To Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, February 26, 1784 
To Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, March 5, 1784 
To Jeremiah Wadsworth, March 7, 1784 
To John Adams, March 8, 1784 
From Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, March 8, 1784 
To Robert Morris, March 9, 1784 
To George Washington, March 9, 1784 
To George Washington, March 9, 1784 
From Henry Laurens, March '5, 1784 
From John Adams, March 28,1784 
From Henry Laurens, March 3', 1784 
To John Adams, April 9, 1784 
To [Simon-Nicolas-Henri Linguet], April 20, 1784 
To the Comte de Vergennes, [May 10, 1784] 
To George Washington, May '4, 1784 
From Robert Morris, May '9, 1784 
To Benjamin Franklin, [May 20, 1784] 
To John Adams, June 2, 1784 
FromJ6hn Adams, June 11, 1784 (.' " 
From Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, June 11, 1784 ' t~ From Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, June 16, 1784 
From the Marechal de Castries, June '7, 1784 
To Adrienne de Noailles de Lafayette, Uune 20, 1784] 
To John Adams, June 25; 1784 
To Adrienne de Noailles de Lafayette, June 25, 1784 
To Adrienne de Noailles de Lafayette, June 28, 1784 
To the Comte de Vergennes,june 28,1784 
To Samuel Adams, August 7, 1784 
Address of the Committee of Officers of the Late Pennsylvania 
Line, with Lafayette's ;Reply, [August 9-10], 1784 
To Adrienne de Noailles de Lafayette, August '3, 1784 
To Adrienne de Noailles de'Lafayette, August 20, 1784 
176 
178 
179 
182 
182 
184 
186 
189 
'90 
'9
' 
'93 
'94 
196 
198 
198 
199 
200 
201 
203 
204 
205 
208 
210 
211 
212 
213 
214 
21 5 
216 
218 
220 
222 
223 
224 
225 
226 
226 
227 
229 
23
' 
232 
233 
233 
235 
237 
Contents 
Address of the Citizens of Baltimore to Lafayette and His Reply, 
September 1, 1784 
James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, September 7, 1784 
To the Comte de Vergennes, September 15, 1784 
Barbe de Marbois's Journal of His Visit to the Territory of the 
Si.x Nations, September 23~October 8, 1784 
To the Commissioners of Congress, September 30, 1784 
Robert Morris to the President of Congress, September 30, 1784 
Account of Lafayette's Meeting with the Six Nations, October 
3-4, 1784 
To Adrienne de Noailles de Lafayette, October 4 and 10, 1784 
To John Jay, October 7, 1784 
To Alexander Hamilton, October 8, 1784 
To George Washington, October 8, 1784 
To Thomas Jefferson, October 11, 1784 
To the Prince de Poix, October 12, 1784 
To the Comte de Vergennes, October 12, 1784 
James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, October 17, 1784 
To Alexander Hamilton, October 22, 1784 
To David Humphreys, October 3', 1784 
Recommendation for James, November 21, 1784 
From George Washington, December 8, 1784 
Address to the Continental Congress, [December 11, 1784] 
Congress to Louis XVI, December 11, 1784 
To UohnJay, December 12, 1784] 
To the President of Congress, December 12, 1784 
To James Madison, December '5-'7, 1784 
To George Washington, December '7, 1784 
To Samuel Adams, December '9, 1784 
From George Washington, December 23, 1784 
PART III. STRENGTHENING THE BONDS 
JANUARY 23-DECEMBER 29, 1785 
To Adrienne de Noailles de Lafayette, January 23, 1785 
To John Jay, February 8, 1785 
From George Washington, February '5, 1785 
From [the Marquis de Condorcet], February 24, 1785 
To William Carmichael, March 10, 1785 
To Nathanael Greene, March 16, 1785 
To Patrick Henry, March 16, 1785 
To Richard Henry Lee, March 16, 1785 
To James Madison, March 16, 1785 
From James Madison, March 20,1785 
To the American Commissioners, April 8, 1785 
To Alexander Hamilton, April '3, 1785 
To Jeremiah Wadsworth, April 16, 1785 
xv 
245 
253 
254 
255 
260 
263 
263 
264 
266 
267 
269 
27 1 
275 
276 
277 
279 
280 
282 
282 
284 
285 
287 
288 
289 
292 
293 
295 
299 
300 
302 
30 5 
306 
30 9 
3'0 
315 
317 
318 
xvi 
To Uohn Adams], May 8, 1785 
To Henry Knox, May 11, 1785 
To George Washington, May 11, 1785 
To George Washington, May '3, 1785 
To Pierre-Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, May 30, 1785 
To Patrick Henry, June 7, 1785 
To Henry Knox, June 12, 1785 
Verses Sung to Lafayette at Lyons, Uune 23, 1785] 
To Jeremiah Wadsworth, July 9,1785 
To John Adams, July '3, 1785 
To John Jay, July '4, 1785 
From George Washington, July 25, 1785 
To [Mme de Tesse], August 7, 1785 
From George Washington, September 1, 1785 
To Thomas Jefferson, September 4, 1785 
To [Thomas Boylston], October 4 [November 4?], 1785 
To the Comte de Vergennes, November 16, 1785 
To Rabaut de Saint-Etienne, November 20, 1785 
To [Thomas Boylston], November 20, 1785 
To Jeremiah Wadsworth, December 3, 1785 
To James McHenry, December 3, .1785 
From John Adams, December '3, 1785 
From John Adams, December 20, 1785 
To [the Marquis de Castries], December 29, 1785 
Appendix I: French Texts 
Appendix II: Calendar of Omitted Letters 
Index 
Contents 
320 
321 
32 2 
324 
327 
328 
329 
330 
33 1 
333 
335 
336 
340 
342 
345 
, 349 
350 
35 1 
352 
353 
354 
355 
357 
358 
361 
427 
445 
, 
I 
ILLUSTRATIONS 
Lafayette frontispiece 
Marble bust by Jean-Antoine Houdon, 1787. Courtesy of the Vir-
ginia House of Delegates, Richmond, Virginia. 
Benjamin Franklin - 12 
Oil by Charles Willson Peale, 1785. Courtesy of the Pennsylvania 
Academy of the Fine Arts, Joseph and Sarah Harrison Collection. 
Henry Laurens 52 
Oil by John Singleton Copley, 1781. Courtesy of the Library of 
Congress, Washington, D.C., from the collection of the Architect 
of the Capitol. 
Engraved dinner invitation from Lafayette to Franklin, April 5, 
1785 58 
Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society Library, 
Philadelphia. 
Signature page of the Preliminary Articles of Peace between 
the United States and Great Britain, November 30, 1782 73 
Courtesy of the Public Record Office, London. 
john jay 95 
Detail of oil, head by Gilbert Stuart, c. 1782, balance of figure by 
John Trumbull, c. 1785. Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, 
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 
Charles III of Spain 
Oil by Goya. Copyright © Museo del Prado, Madrid. All rights 
reserved. 
100 
Robert R. Livingston 129 
Oil by Charles Willson Peale, c. 1782. Courtesy of Independence 
National Historical Park Collection. 
xviii Illustrations 
Henry Knox 138 
Oil by Charles Willson Peale, 1783. Courtesy of Independence 
National Historical Park Collection. 
Elias Boudinot '52 
Oil by Charles Willson Peale. Courtesy of the Art Museum, 
Princeton University. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Landon K. Thome 
for the Boudinot Collection. 
George Washington 163 
Terra cotta bust by Jean-Antoine Houdon, 1785. Courtesy of 
the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, Mount 
Vemon, V,irginia. 
Eagle Badge of the Society of the Cincinnati 177 
Originally owned by Tench Tilghman. Courtesy of the Anderson 
House Headquarters and Museum, Society of the Cincinnati, 
Washington, D.C. 
Charles-Alexandre de Calonne 18, 
Oil by Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun, 1784. Reproduced by kind per-
mission of the Lord Chamberlain, St. James's Palace. 
Blank diploma of the Society of the Cincinnati. 206 
Courtesy of the Beinecke Rare Books and Manuscript Library, 
Yale University. 
Benjamin Franklin 221 
Plaster bust by Jean-Antoine Houdon, 1786-91? Courtesy of the 
Boston Athenaeum. 
John Adams . 228 
Oil by John Singleton Copley, 1783. Courtesy of the Harvard 
University Portrait Collection, bequest of Ward Nicholaf Boyl-
ston, 1828. j: , 
Letter of Anastasie de Lafayette to George Washington, June 
18, 1784 239 
Courtesy ofthe Department of Rare Books, Cornell University 
Ubraries, Arthur H. and Mary Marden Dean Collection. 
Fran,ois Barbe de Marbois 246 
Engraving, unsigned, undated. Courtesy of the Ubrary of Con-
gress, Washington, D.C. . 
Marquis de Lafayette with James Armistead Lafayette 278 
Engraved by Noel Le Mire from a painting by Jean-Baptiste Le 
Paon. Courtesy of the Virginia Historical Society, Richmond. 
Letter of Louis XVI to Congress, May 10, 178,5 283 
Courtesy of the National Archives, Washington, D.C. 
l' , 
i 
Illustrations xix 
Richard Henry Lee 307 
Oil by Charles Willson Peale, 1784. Courtesy of Independence 
National Historical Park Collection. 
George Washington 326 
Oil by Charles Willson Peale, 1784. Courtesy of Fogg Art Muse-
um, Harvard University. Grenville L. Winthrop Bequest. 
Joseph II 334 
Engraving by J. P. Pichler after the painting by Heinrich Fuger. 
Courtesy of the Bildarchiv und Portratsammlung, Osterreichische 
N ationalbibliothek, Vienna. 
Prince Henry of Prussia 34' 
Plaster bust by Jean-Antoine Houdon, c. 1784. Courtesy of the 
Nationale Forschungs- und Gedenkstatten der Klassischen 
Deutschen Literatur in Weimar. Goethe-Nationalmuseum. 
Weimar. 
Lafayette 346 
Oil by F. G. Bevelet, 1788. Reproduced by permission of Fogg 
Art Museum, Harvard University. courtesy of an anonyr;nous 
owner. 
Autograph inscription to Lafayette in presentation copy of 
jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia 348 
Courtesy of the Tracy W. McGregor Library, University of Vir-
ginia, Charlottesville. 
The Marquis de Castries· 359 
Oil by Joseph Boze. Courtesy of the Musee National du Chateau 
de Versailles. 
EDITORIAL METHOD 
SELECTION 
Nearly three thousand first- and second-party Lafayette documents 
are availaJ:ile·to us for the period 1776-1790. We shall publish about 
three-flfths of them in these volumes. The choice of documents de-
pends OR the exigencies of space and the desire to' avoid needless 
repetition. We intend to provide material sufficient to illuminate the 
events iR which Lafayette participated, his motives and character, and 
those of the people with whom he lived and worked. The selections 
include first-party material: letters and documents written by Lafayette 
himself; second-party material: letters and documents addressed' to 
Lafayette; and some third-party material: contemporary letters, jour-
nals, and documents that contain information about Lafayette. Some of 
the third-party material is extracted from longer documents; we have 
reproduced only the portions relevant to Lafayette. In such cases, the 
letter E is placed as a superscript after the title of the document. First-
and second-party documents that we do not print are listed in Appen-
dix II. 
TRANSCRIPTION 
In our transcriptiori of the manuscripts we retain the original spell-
ing. If it is unusual enough to cause confusion, the correct spelling 
follows in brackets. The thorn (as in "ye") is transcribed as "th." Punc-
tuation is retained as found, except for dashes at the ends of sentences, 
'which are replaced by periods. A mininrum of additional punctuation 
is supplied when necessary for clarity. Apostrophes are supplied for 
possessive forms. When the writer's punctuation is unclear, we follow 
modem usage. Original capitalization is also retained, except that each 
sentence is made to begin with a capital letter and names of persons 
and places and personal titles are.silently capitalized. Lafayette's use'of 
capitals increased during the period of this volume, and in some in-
xxviii Editorial Method 
stances he wrote over lower-case letters to capitalize them. We have 
tried to reproduce his capitalization, but in cases where it is unclear we 
follow modern usage. Abbreviations are not spelled out unless they are 
not readily recognizable; contractions are retained. Superscript letters 
are brought down to the line. 
When the manuscript has been damaged or contains an illegible 
passage, if no more than four letters are missing, we supply them 
silently. If more than four letters or entire words are missing, we sup-
ply them in brackets, with a question mark within the brackets if the 
conjecture is doubtful. Gaps that cannot be filled are explained in 
brackets in the text; for example, [illegible], [torn]. The writer's in-
terlineations or marginal notes are incorporated into the text without 
comment. Slips of the pen are silently corrected. Words underlined 
once by the writer are printed in italics. Passages written in cipher and 
deciphered interlinearly are printed in large and small capitals. Signa-
tures are printed in large and small capitals. Addresses, endorsements, 
and docketing are not transcribed but are included in the provenance 
note if they are contextually significant. The dateline is placed at the 
head of each document regardless of its position in the manuscript. 
The greatest problems arise in the materials that were altered in 
preparation for the publication of Memoires, correspondance et manuscrits 
du General Lafayette, publies par sa famille: Lafayette's Memoir of 1779 
and his letters to his family and to George Washington. Many changes 
have been made in these manuscripts in pencil and nineteenth-century 
ink. Words, sentences, and even paragraphs have been scribbled over 
or marked for deletion with slashes or brackets, and words and phrases 
have been added in the margins and between the lines in Lafayette's 
nineteenth-century hand. It is likely that he made qr approved all the 
changes, because copies of the letters and memoir which :Gafayette sent 
to Jared Sparks in 1829 conform to the text of the amended man-
uscripts. Most of the changes Lafayette indicated were i~corporated in 
the texts printed in the Memoires. A comparison of the printed texts 
with the amended manuscripts reveals further changes, but these al-
terations follow the pattern Lafayette established. The majority of the 
changes are purely stylistic, and we disregard them. We have at-
tempted to print the text as Lafayette first wrote it. When a significant 
passage has been deleted on the manuscript or omitted from the 
Memoires, we print it in angle brackets. All other significant changes are 
explained in the notes. 
TRANSLATIONS 
The French materials in this volume are translated into English be-
cause these documents would otherwise be eithe~ unintelligible or 
Editorial Method x.xix 
poorly understood by too many readers. Our experience and knowl-
edge of eighteenth-century French has eFlabled us to offer what we 
believe to be accurate translations, particularly of idioms and technical 
terms; more important, our effort has been to catch the nuance and 
tone of the French language of that time, when epistolary style often 
depended on the status of the correspondents as well as the subject 
discussed. Translators' rationales are rarely convincing to those who 
have an intimate grasp both of the era and of the language being used. 
For those readers, the French texts of all translated documents are 
printed in Appendix 1. 
The letter T is placed as a superscript after the title of every trans-
lated document. The same superscript follows passages translated in 
the notes, but we do not print the French texts of those passages. In the 
translations, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation are modernized. 
ANNOTATION AND INDEX 
Notes to the text follow each document. The first note gives the 
provenance and other necessary information about the document and 
is unnumbered. The numbered notes provide clarification, informa-
tion, and explanation of materials in the text. In our annotation we 
have tried to take into account the pattern of Lafayette's life and 
thought and the fact that the best commentary on his letters usually is 
to be found in the other documents. When we cite documents that are 
printed in our volume, we identify them by title and date only. The 
source citation is given for all other items mentioned in our notes. 
All proper names are identified in the Index; people and places are 
given space in the annotation only when the information is immediate-
ly required for an understanding of the text. 
/: 
CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE 
(Italics indicate major historiCal events in which Lafayette did not 
participate.) 
1757 
September 6. Lafayette born at Chavaniac, in Auvergne.' 
1759 
August 1. Father killed at the· Battle of Minden. 
1760 
April 5. Birth of sister, Marie-Louise-:Jacqueline, who died three months 
later. 
1763 
FelYruary IO. Treaty of Paris. FranCe, defeated in Seven Years' War, gives up all 
claims in North America. ' 
1770 
April 3. Mother dies. 
May. Inherits a large fortune from his grandfather. 
1771 
April 9. Becomes a sous-lieutenant in the King's Musketeers. 
1773 
April 7. Becomes a lieutenant in the Noailles Dragopns. 
'774 
April 11. Marries Adrienne de N oailles. 
May 19. Becomes a captain in the Noailles Dragoons. 
1775 
Summer. Stationed at Metz; at a dinner given by his commander, the Comte 
de Broglie, hears the Duke of Gloucester speak of the American revolt. 
December '5 .. Birth of daughter, Henriette. 
1776 . 
June 11: Placed on reserve status. 
December 7. Signs agreement to se~e as a: major general in the American 
army. 
axviii Chronological Outline 
L777 
February. Buys La Victoire, in which he plans to carry a party of French 
officers to America. 
February 21-ca. March g. Visits London. 
April 20. Sails from Pasajes, Spain, for America on La Victoire. 
June '3. Arrives at North Island, South Carolina. 
July 1. Birth of daughter Anastasie in Paris. 
July 27. Arrives at Philadelphia; reports to Congress. 
July 31. Appointed major general, but without command; invited to join 
Washington's military "family." 
September 11. Wounded in the leg at the Battle of Brandywine. 
October 3. Death of daughter Henriette in Paris. 
October I 7. Burgoyne surrenders to Gates at Saratoga. 
November 25. Lafayette commands at a skirmish at Gloucester, New Jersey. 
December 1. Receives command of a division. 
1778 
January 23: Selected by Congress to lead an "irruption" into Canada. 
February 6. French~American treaties of alliance and commerce signed in Paris. 
February 19. At Albany. Decides the Canadian expedition is not feasible. 
Assumes command at Albany. 
March 31. Leaves Albany to resume command of his division at Valley 
Forge. 
May 4. Congress ratifies the French-American treaties. 
May 18. Lafayette given command of an independent detachment to obtain 
intelligence of British movements and interrupt British communications. 
May 20. Leads retreat from Barren Hill. 
June 28. Battle of Monmouth. 
July r r. D'Estaing arrives off New York. '. 
July 22. Lafayette appointed to the command of a deqchment ordered to 
Rhode Island to serve under Sullivan. i 
August 8-g. British evacuate works on northern end of Rhode Island; 
American forces under Sulliyan occupy them. I' 
AugUst II-r4. Hurricane batfers French and Britishfleets !Iff Rhode Island; Howe 
withdraws to New York. l 
August :2I. D'Estaing sails for Boston: It 
August 30-31. Lafayette assists' in evacuation of American troops from 
Rhode Island. 
September r4. Franklin elected minister plenipotentiary to France. 
October 5. At Fishkill. Challenges Carlisle to a duel. 
October 13. Requests leave from Congress to return to France. 
1779 
January 11. Lafayette sails from Boston for France on the Alliance. 
February 6. The Alliance reaches Brest. . 
February 12. Lafayette arrives at Versailles; confers with Maurepas. 
February 12-1g. Under house arrest in Paris. 
March 3. Named lieutenant-commander of the King',,\agoons with the 
rank of mestre de camp. ) 
Chronological Outline xxxix 
March '4-31. Discusses plans with the French ministers for a raid on Irish 
and English coasts. An expedition under Lafayette and Jones decided 
upon. . 
AP:!;,l r2. Aranjuez Convention confirms the alliance of France and Spain. 
May 22. Lafayette-Jones expedition abandoned; ordered to take command 
of the King's Regiment of Dragoons. 
June '3· Ordered to Versailles to meet with Vaux, who will command the 
trOOps in Normandy for a joint French-Spanish expedition against En-
gland; made aide~arechal-genJral-des lorjs under Vaux. 
June r6. SPain's official declaration of grievances presented to the British ministry; 
Spain institutes siege of Gibraltar. 
October 9. American and French defeat at Savannah. 
November. Expedition against England abandoned. 
December 24. Birth of Lafayette's son, George Washington. 
December 26. British fleet and troops under Clinton sail from New York for 
, Charleston, South Carolina. 
1780 
JanUary 8-r6. Rodney captures Spanish convoy and Spanish blockading squadron. 
J anuary-February. Lafayette discusses with French ministry plans for an 
expeditionary force to be sent to America. 
February 29. Catherine 11 issues Declaration of Armed Neutrality. 
March 20. Lafayette sails from Rochefort for America on L'Hermione. 
April 26. Arrives off Boston Harbor. 
May 10. Arrives at Washington's camp, Morristown, New Jersey. 
May r2. Americans surrendes at Charleston. 
July ro. French expeditionary force' under Rochambeau and Ternay arrives off 
Newport. 
July 24-ca. August 5. Lafayette confers with Rochambeau and Ternay at 
Newport. 
August 15. Assumes command of light division. 
August I6. Gates's defeat at Camden. 
September 21-22. Lafayette attends Hartford Conference with Washin'gton, 
Rochambeau, and Temay. 
September 25. Benedict Arnold's treason discovered. 
September 29-30. Lafayette sits on court-martial of Major Andre. 
October 7. Battle of Kmgs Mountain, South Carolina. 
October I4. Washington appoints Greene commander of the southern army. 
November 26. Washington orders Lafayette's light corps disbanded. 
December I5. Ternay dies. 
December :2 o. Britain issues manifesto authorizing reprisals against United Provinces 
(unoffICial declaration of war). 
December 30. Detachment under Benedict Arnold arrives at Portsmouth, Virginia. 
1781 
January 4· Lafayette attempts to negotiate with the mutineers of the Pennsyl-
vania Line. 
January 5-7. Arnold occupies Richmond. 
Chronological Outline 
January 20-27. Mutiny of New Jersey Line. 
February 20. -Lafayette appointed to command expedition against Arnold in 
Virginia ("Portsmouth expedition"). 
March I. Articles of Confederation formally ratified. 
March 8. Destouches's squadron leaves NlMjlort for the Chesapeake. 
March I6. Battle of Cape Henry ("First Battle of the Capes!'). Destouches returns to 
Rhode Island. 
March 30-31. Lafayette visits Washington's mother in Fredericksburg and 
goes to Mount Vernon. 
April 6. Washington orders Lafayette's detachment to South Carolina to join 
Greene~ 
April 21. Lafayette takes command of American troops in Virginia. 
April 24. British under Phillips and Arnold land at City Point, Virginia. Cornwallis' 
army marches from Wilmington, North Carolina, to join Phillips. 
April 25. Lafayette arrives at Fredericksburg. Phillips's army enters Pewrsburg, 
burns warehouses; Greene's troops repulsed at Hobkirks Hill, near Camden. 
April 2g. Lafayette's detachment arrives at Richmond. 
April 30. Finding Richmond defended, Phillips withdraws his troops and 
sails down the James River. 
May 1. Greene orders Lafayette to remain in Virginia and officially gives him 
command of the troops in that state. 
May 6. The Comte de Barras arrives at Boston from Franc.e to command the French 
squadron in America. 
May 9. Spanish capture PfI)7Sacola. 
May IO. British evacuaw C'a"!!1en. _ /' 
May II. British garrison surrerul;er-s1'.o'r-/rttcOrangeburg, South Carolina. 
May I2. British surrender Fort Motte, South Carolina. 
May I3. British reinforcement of I,800:men sails from Staten Island to join Phillips. 
May I5. British surrender Fort Granby, South Carolina. 'i 
May 20. Cornwallis's army joins Arnold'~ at Petersburg; Com~allis takes command. 
May 20-25. In camp at Richmond. . : . 
May 22. Washington and Rochambeau confer at Wethersji'eld, Connecticut, and 
agree on a joint expedition against New Yark City. t 
May 24. Cornwallis's army leaves Pewrsburg for expedition,into Virginia. 
June I-ZI. French army leaves Newport to join washingtdin's army on the Hudson. 
June 2. French forces under De Grasse capture the garrison on Tobago. 
June 10. Wayne, 'With 1,000 Pennsylvania troops,joins-Lafayette. 
June 11-14. Lafayette's army'maneuvers between British army and Conti-
nentia! stores by means of an abandoned road. 
June I5-I6. Cornwallis occupies Richmond. 
June '9. Steuben, with Virginia Continentals and militia, joins Lafayette. 
June 21. Cornwallis evacuates Richmond, begins march to Williamsburg; 
Lafayette's ·army follows. 
June 25. Cornwallis occupies Williamsburg. 
June 27-July 4. In ciunp near Williamsburg. 
JUlIy 4· Cornwallis evacuates Williamsburg, begins march to Portsmouth. 
July 6. Battle of Green Spring against Cornwallis. 
Chronological Outline xIi 
July 9-24. Tarleton's Legion makes an unsuccessful expedition to destroy military 
stores in Virginia. . 
July 21-24. Combined American and Fremh armies reconnoiter area around New 
York City. . 
August 2. Cornwallis occupies Yorktown and Gloucester and begins to fortify them. 
August I4. Washington and Rochambeau learn that De Grasse is sailing for the 
Chesapeake. 
'August I8. British evacuate Portsmouth and its supporting posts. 
Au"uust I9. American and French armies begin march from Philipsburg to Virginia. 
September 2. De Grasse's fleet arrives at Yorktown; French marines placed 
under Lafayette's command. 
September 5. De Grasse's fleet engages British fleet under Graves off the Virginia 
Capes ("Second Battle of the Capes"). 
September zo. Comte de Barrais squadron arrives in the Chesapeake with siege 
cannon and supplies. 
September '4. Washington and Rochambeau arrive in Williamsburg. 
September 26. Lafayette visits De Grasse's flagship. The last of the French 
and American troops arrive in Williamsburg. 
October 3. Lauzun's Legion and Mercer's infantry skirmish with Tarleton's Legion 
near Gloucester. 
October '4' Redoubt No. 10 captured by troops under Lafayette's 
command. 
October I6. Cornwallis' forces attempt a retreat across York River but are forced back 
by a severe storm. 
October 19. Cornwallis surrenders. 
November 4. De Grasse leaves the Chesapeake for the West Indies. 
. November 8-10. Presides over court-martial of spies Lawrence Marr and 
John Moody in Philadelphia. 
November 23. Congress instructs its ministers abroad to confer with 
Lafayette. 
December 5. Notified of promotion to marechal de camp pending end of 
American war. 
December 23. Sails for France on board the Alliance. 
1782 . 
January '7. Lafayette arrives in Lorient from America. 
January 21-22. Arrives in Paris during celebration for birth of dauphin; 
honored by queen; pays respects to Louis XVI. 
February I2. British surrender St. Kitts to the French. 
February 25. Vergennes endorses loan of 6 million livres to the United 
States. 
March 20. Lord North resigns as prime miniswr of Great Britain. 
March 27. Rockingham-Shelburne coalition replaces North ministry. 
April. British emissary arrives in Paris for peace negotiations. 
April I2. Rodney captures de Grasse at the Battle of the Saints. 
April I6. Last of the Uniwd Provinces recognizes American independence. 
April 18. Lafayette presents proposals for further French campaigns in 
North America. 
xlii Chronological Outline 
June I7. Parliament passes the Enabling Act. 
June 24. Lafayette received into Masonic lodge of Saint-Jean d'tcosse du 
Contrat Social. 
July. Rockingham becomes British prime minister; peace negotiations begin in Paris. 
September. Britain successfully defends Gibraltar against Spanish siege. 
September 7. French emissary leaves for England for secret talks with Shelburne. 
September '7. Birth of Lafayette's daughter Marie-Antoinette-Virginie. 
September 24. Britain's agent in Paris receives revised commission to treat with the 
"thirteen United States." 
October. Proposed Franco-Spanish expedition against the British West In-
dies under d'Estaing. 
October 8. Commercial treaty between the United States and the United Provinces. 
October 24. Lafayette accepts position of quartermaster general of Franco-
Spanish expeditionary force. 
November 30. Britain and the United States sign preliminaries to peace. 
December. British forces evacuate Charleston. 
December 2. Lafayette joins Franco-Spanish expedition at Brest. 
December 23. Lands at Cadiz. 
December 24. Major French force in the United States, under command ofViomenil, 
departs. 
1783 
January 6. Petition from unpaid American soldiers read to Congress. 
January 20. Great Britain, France, and Spain sign preliminaries -to peace. 
February I. Franco-Spanish expedition called off. 
February 5. Lafayette writes Washington requesting appointment as Ameri-
can representative at treaty ratification in London . 
. February '4. Sends Le Triomphe to United States with news of preliminary 
peace. 
February '5. Arrives at Madrid to work' toward Spanish recognition of 
American minister. ; 
February 22. House of Com1'lW7!S accepts peace but condemns c6ncessions. 
February 24. Sbelburne resigns. , 
March. American tobacco merchants complain to Laf~ette of difficulties 
with the Farmers Genera!. ,. 
Mid-March. Lafayette returns to Paris and accepts ran·R of marechal de camp: 
March 19- Approaches French ministers about trade concessions for United 
States. 
March 23. Lafayette's news about provisional peace arrives in Philadelphia 
via Le Triomphe. . 
March 29. Leftvre d'Ormesson replaces J oly de Fleury as controller of finances. 
April 3. Fox-North coalition takes power in Great Britain. 
April 8. Catherine, empress of Russia, issues manifesto anrwuncing annexation of the 
Crimea. 
April 10. Congress passes resolution of approval and thanks for Lafayette's 
services to the United States while in Europe. 
May 5. Lafayette recommended for the Cross of St. Louis. 
May I3. Sociel) of the Cincinnati established near Fisltkill, New York. 
Chronological Outline xliii 
June. Robert Li:ui:ngston resigns as secretary of foreign affairs. 
June 28. Arret du conseil establishes regular packet service between France 
and United States. 
July 2. British order in council prohibits all trade between British West Indies and 
United States. 
August 22. Spain officially receives American charge. 
September. Peace of Versail4s. 
October 29. Congress resolves to appoint Adams,. Franklin, and Jefferson commis-
sioners to negotiate treaties with maritime powers of Europe. 
October 3 I. Congress receives minister from United Provinces. 
November 3. Continental army is mustered out. 
November 4. Calonne replaces d'Ormesson as controller of [mances. 
November 25. British forces evacuate New York. 
December 13. Lafayette sends Calonne observations on American commerce 
in France. ' 
December I7. Fall of Fox-North coalition. 
December 23. George Washington resigns as commander in chief 
1784 
January g. Lafayette informed of four free ports for American merchants in 
France. 
January '3· Elected to membership in Charleston Library Society. 
February 10. Addresses Calonne about trade restrictions on American 
commerc,e. 
March 24. American Intercourse Bill extended by Parliament. 
May 4. First general meeting in Philadelphia of the Society of the Cincinnati. 
May '4. Official arret du conseil proclaims Lorient a free port. 
May Ig. Robert Morris requests Lafayette's help with further trade conces-
sions for America. 
June 28. Lafayette sets sail for America. 
July I9. Alliance between France and Sweden. 
August 4. Lafayette arrives in New York City; received by State Assembly in 
Trenton. 
August g. Honored in Philadelphia by former officers of Pennsylvania Line. 
August 12. Addresses, American Philosophical Society on mesmerism. 
August 17-28. Visits Mount Vernon. 
Au"oust I9. Congress adjourns. 
August 30. Arret du conseil further lessens trade restrictions on American 
merchants. 
September '4. Lafayette receives freedom of New York City. 
September 23. Arrives Albany; decides to travel to Fort Schuyler to negotiate 
with Indians. . 
September 2g. Arrives with French charge at Fort Schuyler. 
September 30. Feted by Indians at Oneida Castle. 
October. Connecticut confers citizenship on Lafayette and his son. 
October 2. American commissioners arrive at Fort Schuyler. 
October 3. Lafayette addresses Indians. 
October 4. Indians respond to Lafayette; he departs. 
Chronological Outline 
June I7. Parliament passes the Enabling Act. 
June 24. Lafayette received into Masonic lodge of Saint-Jean d'Ecosse du 
Contrat Social. 
July. Rockingham becomes British prime minister; peace negotiations begin in Paris. 
September. Britain successfully defends Gibraltar against Spanish siege. 
September 7. French emissary leaves for England for secret tolks with Shelburne. 
September 17. Birth of Lafayette's daughter Marie-Antoinette-Virginie. 
September 24. Britain's agent in Paris receives revised commission to treat with the 
"thirteen United States," 
October. Proposed Franco-Spanish expedition against the British West In-
dies under d'Estaing. 
October 8. Commercial treaty beween the United States and the United Provinces. 
October 24. Lafayette accepts position of quartermaster genera! of Franco-
Spanish expeditionary force. 
November 30. Britain and the United States sign preliminaries to peace. 
December. British forces evacuate Charleston. 
December 2. Lafayette joins Franco-Spanish expedition at Brest. 
December 23. Lands at Cadiz. 
December 24. Major French force in the United States, under command ofViornlnil, 
departs. 
1783 
January 6. Petition/rom unpaid American soldiers read to Congress. 
January 20. Great Britain, France, and SPain sign preliminaries ·to peace. 
February 1. Franco-Spanish expedition called off. 
February 5. Lafayette writes Washington requesting appointment as Ameri-
can representative at treaty ratification in London. 
. February '4. Sends Le Triomphe to United States with news of preliminary 
peace. 
February '5. Arrives at Madrid to work' toward Spanish recognition of 
American minister. ; 
February 22. House of Commons accepts peace but condemns cbncessions. 
February 24. Sbelburne resigns. , 
March. American tobacco merchants complain to Laf,(yette of difficulties 
with the Farmers General. )" 
Mid-March. Lafayette returns to Paris and accepts ran·j( of markhal de camp:' 
March 19. Approaches French ministers about trade concessions for United 
States. 
March 23. Lafayette's news about provisional peace arrives in Philadelphia 
via Le Triomphe. . 
March 29. Lif'evre d'Ormesson replacesJoly de Fleury as controller offinances. 
April 3. Fox-North coalition takes power in Great Britain. 
April 8. Catherine, empress of Russia, issues manifesto announcing annexation of the 
Crimea. 
April 10. Congress passes resolution of approval and thanks for Lafayette's 
services to the United States while in Europe. 
May 5· Lafayette recommended for the Cross of St. Louis. 
May 13. Society of the Cincinnati established near Fishkill, New York. 
Chronological Outline xliii 
June. Robert Livingston resigns as secretary of foreign affairs. 
June 28. Arret du conseil establishes regular packet service between France 
and United States. 
July 2. British order in council prohibits aIJ. trade beween British West Indies and 
United States. 
August 22. Spain officially receives American charge. 
September. Peace of Versailles. 
October 29. Congress resolves to appoint Adams" Franklin, and jefferson commis-
sioners to negotiate treaties with maritime powers of Europe. 
October 31. Congress receives minister from United Provinces. 
November 3. Continental army is mustered out. 
November 4. Calonne replaces d'Ormesson as controller of finances. 
November 25. British forces evacuate New York. 
December 13· Lafayette sends Calonne observations on American commerce 
in France. 
December 17. Fall of Fox-North coolition. 
December 23. George Washington resigns as commander in chief. 
1784 
January 9· Lafayette informed offour free ports for American merchants in 
France. 
January '3. Elected to membership in Charleston Library Society. 
February 10. Addresses Calonne about trade restrictions on American 
commerc.e. 
March 24. American Intercourse Bill extended by Parliament. 
May 4. First generol meeting in Philadelphia of the Society of the Cincinnati. 
May '4. Official arret du conseil proclaims Lorient a free port. 
May '9. Robert Morris requests Lafayette's help with further trade conces-
sions for America. 
June 28. Lafayette sets sail for America. 
July 19· Alliance beween France and Sweden. 
August 4. Lafayette arrives in New York City; received by State Assembly in 
Trenton. 
August 9. Honored in Philadelphia by former officers of Pennsylvania Line. 
August 12. Addresses.American Philosophical Society on mesmerism. 
August 17-28. Visits Mount Vernon. 
August 19. Congress adjourns. 
August 30. Arret du conseil further lessens trade restrictions on American 
merchants. 
September '4. Lafayette receives freedom of New York City. 
September 23. Arrives Albany; decides to travel to Fort Schuyler to negotiate 
with Indians. 
September 29. Arrives with French charge at Fort Schuyler. 
September 30. Feted by Indians at Oneida Castle. 
October. Connecticut confers citizenship on Lafayette and his son. 
October.2. American commissioners arrive at Fort Schuyler. 
October 3. Lafayette addresses Indians. 
October 4. Indians respond to Lafayette; he departs. 
xliv Chronological Outline 
October 5. Treaty negof:ia;#oru begin between Indian nations and American 
. commissioners. 
October 7. Lafayette visits battlefield at Saratoga. 
October '5. Arrives Boston; Nymphe placed at his disposal. 
October Ig. Lafayette honored by Massachusetts State Assembly and Boston 
merchants on third anniversary of Yorktown. 
October 20. Receives honorary degree from Harvard University. 
October .,. Treaty negotiated with Indians. 
October 24. Lafayette honored at dinner of Rhode Island chapter of tile 
Cincinnati. 
November 10. Commercial alliance between France and the United Provinces. 
November 15. Lafayette arrives at Yorktown; on to Williamsburg. 
November x 7. Louis XVI offers to mediate between Austria and the United Provinces. 
November 18-28. Lafayette meets with Washington, in, Richmond; returns 
to Mount Vernon. 
December 1. Lafayette and George Washington part. 
December 3. Austria proposes creation of kingdom of Burgundy. 
December 6-11. Lafayette visits Congress at Trenton; receives standard 
surrendered by Cornwallis. 
December 11. Congress praises Lafayette in letter to Louis XVI. Lafayette 
takes leave of Congress, appealing for national unity. 
December 18. Maryland House of Delegates approves citizenship for 
Lafayette and his male heirs in perpetuity. 
December 20. Governor Clinton and otller officials bid Lafayette farewell in 
New York. 
December 2X. Jay takes oat~ of office as secretary for foreign affairs. 
December 23. Lafayette sails for France. 
1785 
January 20. Lafayette arrives in France frqm American tour. 
January 24. Speaks to provincial estates at Brittany. Sl<ftes General accept 
. French mediation in dispute between Austria and United ProVinces. 
January 25· First meeting of New York Society for Promoting. the Manumission of 
Slaves. ':' . 
February x4. Congress authorizes $80,000 to treat with Bar~ary States. 
February 24. Adams chosen minister pl:enipotentiary to Greal! Britain. 
March 7. Congress accepts Franklin's resigna;ticn as minister to France. 
March 10. Jefferson chosen to repme Franklin. 
March 30. Lafayette requested to secure munitions for Virginia. 
May. Takes up cause of Protestants in France. 
May 7. Proposal made to buy American whale oil to light Paris in response to 
Lafayette's efforts. 
June. SPanish charge arrives in United States. 
June x. George III offzcially receives Adams as American minister. 
June 7. Lafa,yette authorizes purchase of estate in French Guinea for experi-
ment in emancipating slaves. 
August. Urges suppression of French tobacco monopoly to aid American 
merchants. 
Chronological Outline 
August-October. Tours German states. 
August 4. Arrives at Prince Henry's country estate in Rheinsberg . 
September 2-3' Arrives in Vienna; presented to Emperor Joseph II. 
November 8. Treaty of Fontainebleau. 
xlv 
November-December. Lafayette persuades Castries to purchase naval stores 
from United States. 
November IO. Treaty of alliance between France and United Provinces. 
November '7· Calonne informs Lafayette of diminished duties on American 
fish oils. 
1786 
Works for French trade concessions for the United States as a member of the 
"American Committee." 
August. Buys plantation in Cayenne for experiment in slave emancipa-
tion. 
1787 
February 22-May 25. Attends Assembly of Notables. 
May 24· Calls for toleration of tile Protestants and reform of the criminal 
law. 
1788 
November 6-December 12. Attends Second Assembly of Notables; supports 
doubling of tile Third Estate. 
1789 
March 26. Elected deputy to tile Estates General from Auvergue. 
June 27. Joins witll tile Third Estate, which had constituted itself as tile 
National Assembly. 
July 11. Presents draft for tile ;Declaration of tile Rights of Man and the 
Citizen. 
July '3' Chosen vice-president of tile National Assembly. 
July 14· Fall of the Bastille. 
July '5· Lafayette proclaimed commandant of tile Paris National Guard . 
October 5-6. Leads Paris National Guard to Versailles; brings the king to 
Paris. 
1790 
June Ig. Supports decree abolishing titles of nobility. 
July '4' Presides at Federation ceremony of tile National Guard. 
1791 
June 21. Flight of the king to Varennes. 
July '7. Demonstration at tile Champ de Mars dispersed by tile National 
Guard. 
October 8. Lafayette resigns as commandant of tile Paris National Guard. 
1792 
ca. January 1. Takes command of tile A=y of tile Center at Metz. 
May-August. Commands tile A=y of tile Left. 
August xo. Arrest of the king. 
August Ig. Lafayette impeached by tile Convention. Emigrates and is cap-
tured by tile Austrians. 
xlvi Chronological Outline 
September 18, 1792-September '9, '797· Imprisoned at Wesel, Mag-
deburg, Neisse, and Olmiitz. 
1795 
October 24' Joined by wife and daughters in prison at Olmiitz. 
1797 
September Ig. Released from prison under the terms of the Treaty of 
Campo-Formio. 
November. Moves to Lemkuhlen, Holstein. 
1799 
ca. January. Moves to Vianen, Holland. 
November 9-10 (18 Brumaire). Establishment of the Consulate. 
1800 
January. Lafayette establishes residence at La Grange. 
1807 
December 24. Death of his wife, Adrienne. 
1815 
Begins first of several terms in the Chamber of Deputies. 
June 18. Waterloo. 
June 22. Lafayette insists on Bonaparte's abdiC:'ltion. 
1824 
August 16. Arrives in New York for American tour. 
1825 
September g. Sails for France. 
1830 
July 28-30' Plays leading role in Revolution of 1830. 
August 16-December 26. Commandant of National Guard of the Realm. 
1834 
May 20. Death in Paris. 
,. 
l 
Lafayette in the Age of 
the American Revolution 
Appendix I: French Texts 
Ie met a portee de [fournir). j'envoje Cette lettre par Quadruplicata, et l'origi_ 
nal que je joins ici peut Rester [depose aux) Bureaux. 
Quant au goudron et au chanvre c'est de la Ba1e de chesapeack qu'an 
[pourroit) tirer Ces deu.x articles. La Caroline du Nord est l'etat Ie plus Riche 
en goudron, [on en) transporte aisement a Norfolk et Portsmouth a l'entree de 
la Bale. Le chanvre [est] un peu Rare, roais nous devrions,je crois, encourager 
eette Culture aux depends de [celie de] Russes, et les derrieres de la Virginie en 
fournirolent Beaucoup qU'on fera descendre Ie pottowmack. J e connois une 
Bonne maison a Baltimore dont un des chefs etoit [mon aide-de-camp), etje 
voudrois avoir une lettre qui authorisat la maison de McHenry a Baltimore [de 
commercer] a toulon ou a Rochefort pour une Valeur determinee de goudron 
et de chanvre. L'arrangement Vaudroit d'autant mieux que j'ai demande pour 
celie a Marseilles, [on peut] aussi avoir de la Rochelle une Cargaison de 
Marchandises fran~aises dont [I'envoy] assureroit en partie la paIement; et si 
l'experience Reussit on etabliroit par Ia une Navette d'echanges. 
]'imagine que Ies Negociants Americains qui fournissent Ie Roy peuvent 
[tirer] sur lui des lettres de change en envoiant la facture, lettre d'assurance. et 
annonc;ant Ie depart du Batim.ent Comme ils font avec Mmr Ie Coulteux et 
vraisembiablement avec Ies autres maisons de Commerce. 
]'ai l'Honneur d'etre avec Respect Monseigneur Votre tres Humble et obeis-
sant Serviteur. 
LAFAYETTE 
APPENDIX II 
CALENDAR OF 
OMITTED LETTERS 
Fr at the end of an entry indicates that the document is in French. 
'782 
[1782?) AM [memorandum on preliminary articles for treaty with Great Brit-
ain) (DLC: Benjamin Franklin Papers). 
[1782) LS from Segur [congratulating Lafayette on his glorious campaigns) 
(NIC: Dean Collection), Fr. 
[1782) from Charles Grant [asking Lafayette to petition Congress for land for 
him) (PPU), Fr. 
[1782) AL [draft) from John Jay [presenting his compliments) (NNC: John Jay 
Papers). 
[1782) AL [draft) from Jay [expressing gratitude for Lafayette's efforts on 
behalf of the United States) (NNC: John Jay Papers). 
[1782) AMS [summary of conversation with Vergennes on America, written at 
the ministers request] (AAE: Memoires et documents, Etats-Unis, vol. 2, 
fols. 97-99), Fr. 
[1782) L from Castries [concerning Lafayette's appointment as quartermaster 
general) (AN: Marine, C7 '57, dossier de Lafayette), Fr. 
January 3· ALS [draft) from Robert Livingston [presenting greetings and con-
gratulations) (NHi: Robert R. Livingston Papers). 
January 18. ALS to John Hanson, president of Congress [announcing his 
arrival) (DNA: RG 360, PCC '56, p. 260). 
January 18. ALS to Robert Livingston [telling of his arrival in Lorient and 
subsequent departure for Versailles) (NHi: Robert R. Livingston Papers). 
January 22. L to Franklin [apologizing for delay in visiting him) (PPAmP: 
Franklin Papers, vol. 24, no. 39), Fr. 
January 29. ALS to Livingston [discussing England's determination to continue 
the fighting and his appeals to the French ministers on America's behalf] 
(NHi: Robert R. Livingston Papers). 
[February) ALS [endorsement on memorial) to Segur [for promotion of Gimat) 
(SHA: Ya 514), Fr. 
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 
February 1. ALS to John Adams [enclosing other letters] (MHi: Adams 
Papers). 
February 3. LS from Maillebois [introducing himself] (NIC: Dean Collection), 
Fr. 
February 12. LbC from Franklin [thanking Lafayette for all his efforts] (DLC: 
Benjamin Franklin Papers, Series 1, vol. 7). 
February 21. D [copy] [endorsement of Louis-Pierre Laneuville's memorial to 
Congress] (DNA: RG 360, PCC 4', vol. 5, p. 332), Fr. 
February 25. M [copy] [list of officers for whom Lafayette requests his king's 
consideration] (SHA: Ya 514), Fr. 
February 26. ALS [draft] from Benjanlin Rush [discussing British movements 
in America and the coming evacuation of Charleston] (DLC: Lafayette 
Papers). 
February 28. L to Franklin [requesting to see Franklin] (PPAmP: Franklin 
Papers, vol. 43, no. 170), Fr. 
[February-March] AL to John Adams [requesting information on money af-
fairs for presentation to Vergennes] (MHi: Adams Papers). 
March 5 [1782-1783] AL to Franklin [announcing arrival offrigate Hermione] 
(PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 42, no. 139). 
March 6. AL [draft] to Gaston Louis, comte de Jarnac [concerning prisoner 
. exchange with England] (DLC: Benjamin Franklin Papers). 
March 10. LbC from John Adams [discussing British movement in America; 
recognition of United States by United Provinces] (MHi: Adams Papers). 
March '3. L [copy] to de Grasse [congratulating him on military victories in 
America] (MH: Sparks Mss. 85, vol. 2), Fr. 
March 20. ALS [copy] to Robert Morris [discussing French-American trade 
and Franklin's efforts to get military stores to America] (Henkels ClZlalogue, 
January 16, 1917). 
March 23. ALS to James Searle [infomting of arms to be shipped to Pennsylva-
nia] (PHi: Conarroe Papers). : 
March 28. LbC from Franklin [plan for securing release of Am~rican prisoners 
and bringing them to France] (DLC: Benjamin Franklin P~pers). 
March 30 .. ALS to John Hanson, president of Congress [apologizing for delay 
in returning to America] (DNA: RG 360, PCC 156). .:' 
March 30. ALS to Robert Livingston [discussing siege of Gibialtar; taking of St. 
Kitts; state of British internal affairs] (NHi: Robert R. Livingston Papers). 
March 30. LS to Robert Morris [concerning Franklin getting vessels to carry 
supplies to America; purchase of arms for Pennsylvania] (Parke-Bernet cata-
logue, January 22-24, '94'; October 18, 1955)' 
[April-June] AL to Franklin [requesting return of a paper to be sent to George 
Washington] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 42, no. 137). 
April 12. L [transcription of deciphered letter] to [Robert Livingston] [state of 
British internal affairs; American campaign] (DNA: RG 360, Misc. PCC, 
Letters Relating to Spain and Barbary States), Fr. 
April 12. ALS to Livingston [introducing Chevalier de Lamet;h] (NHi: Robert 
R. Livingston Papers). 
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 
April 12. ALS to Livingston [introducing Comte de Segur; justifying his re-
maining in Europe] (NHi: Robert R. Livingston Papers). 
April 12. ALS to Livingston [introducing Prince de Broglie] (NHi: Robert R. 
Livingston Papers). 
April 12. ALS to Benjamin Lincoln [introducing Prince de Broglie] (MHi: 
Benjanlin Lincoln Papers). 
April 12. ALS to Benjamin Lincoln [introducing Comte de Segur] (MHi: Ben-
jamin Lincoln Papers). 
April 12. ALS to Benjamin Lincoln [introducing Chevalier de Lameth] 
(CSmH: Rare Book 48644). 
April 12. ALS to Henry Knox [introducing Chevalier de Lameth] (MHi: Henry 
Knox Papers). 
April 12. AL to La Luzerne [explaining reasons for not returning immediately 
to America] (AAE: Correspondance politique, Etats-Unis, supplement, vol. 
'4, pp. 272-72V,), Fr. 
April 12. AL to Robert Morris [introducing Chevalier· de Lameth] (DLC: 
Lafayette Papers). 
April 12. ALS to Robert Morris [sending of supplies to America; introducing 
Comte de Segur] (PHi: Simon Gratz Collection). 
. April 12. ALS to Alexander Hamilton [discussing British affairs and explaining 
his delay in returning to America] (DLC: Alexander Hamilton Papers). 
April 12. L [printed copy] to George Augustine Washington [intrOducing Com-
te de Segur] (Proceedings of the Massachusetis Historical Society, 2d series, 6 
[1890-91]:170). 
April 12. L [copy] to George Washington [introducing Prince de Broglie] (MH: 
Sparks Mss. 88). 
April '3. L to Franklin [suggesting a commission he was performing for Frank-
lin be delayed until the folowing day] (PPU), Fr. 
April 24. ALS to Vergennes [sending proposals for French campaigns in 
America, April 18] (AAE: Memoires et documents, Etats-Unis, vol. 2, fol. 
94), Fr. 
April 28, L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 43, 
no. 167), Fr. 
May 12. LS from the Marquis de Segur [responding to Lafayette's recommen-
dations for compensation and positions for various French officers who 
served in America] (AN: Section moderne, C 358, '90', piece 6), Fr. 
May 16. ALS to Jacques Ie Brigant [discussing American-independence from 
Britain] (InU: Lafayette Mss. I), Fr. 
May 21. M [copy] from La Luzerne [making a table of American commerce] 
(AAE: Correspondance politique, Etats-Unis, vol. 21, fols. 212-20), Fr. 
Uune 10.] AD [draft] [granting conditional parole,by Lafayette to Cornwallis 
and his aides] (DLC: Benjamin Franklin Papers). 
June 21. ALS to Franklin [British emissary met with Vergennes; Lafayette will 
wait on Franklin next day] (DLC: Benjamin Franklin Papers). 
June 25. ALS [draft] from Franklin [mentioning jay's arrival] (DLC: Ben-
jamin Franklin Papers). 
430 Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 
Gune 25] ALS to John Jay [welcoming Jay to Paris; explaining reasons for not 
having returned to United States] (NNC: John Jay Papers). 
June 25· AL [draft] fromJohnJay [expressing satisfaction at prospect of seeing 
Lafayette] (NNC: John Jay Papers). 
June 2g. ALS to Alexander Hamilton [apologizing for not having returned to 
America; speaking of de Grasse's defeat] (DLC: Alexander Hamilton 
Papers). 
June 2g. ALS to John Hanson, president of Congress [explaining motives for 
staying in Europe] (DNA: RG 360, PCC 156 p. 294). 
June 2g. ALS to Livingston [explaining reasons for remaining in Europe] 
(NHi: Robert R. Livingston Papers). 
June 2g. ALS to George Augustine Washington [apologizing for remaining in 
France; announcing Jay's arrival in Paris] (PHi: Society Collection). 
July g. L [printed copy] from Franklin [discussing changes in British ministry] 
(The Warks of Benjamin Franklin ... with Notes and a Life of the Author, ed. 
Jared Sparks [Chicago, 1882], p. 360). 
July g. ALS to Jay [announcing Grenville's arrival in Paris] (NNC: John Jay 
Papers). 
July g. L [printed copy] to Franklin [announcing Grenville's arrival in Paris] 
(The Works of Benjamin Franklin ... with Notes and a Life of the Author, edJared 
Sparks [Chicago: 1882], p. 359). 
July 11. ALS to [Linguet] [sending sum of money to help an acquaintance] 
(PHi), Fr. 
July 16. ALS to Vergennes [discussing Grenville's messengers] (MH: Auto-
graph File), Fr. 
August 6. L [fragmentary copy] from Henry Laurens [thanking Lafayette for 
credit of 500 livres; discussing upsets in British ministry] (NN: Bancroft 
Transcripts). 
[September] AM [memorandum to Franklin proposing, on'il)ehalf of Ver-
gennes, that a sentence be added to Oswald's commission] (fLC: BeIliamin 
Franklin Papers), Fr. : 
September 1. [printed copy] to Benjamin Lincoln [introduci,!g the Chevalier 
de Lameth] (Pennsylvania Archives, ser. " 9:627). j 
September 1. L [copy] to Washington [introducing the Chevalier de Lameth; 
apologizing for delay in returning] (MH: Sparks Mss. 88,Y. 
[September 3] AL to Sarah Livingston Jay [offering to accompany her to the 
theater] (NNC: John Jay Papers). 
September g. DS [power of attorney for Morizot] (NNPM), Fr. 
September '3' LbC from Franklin Gay's reaction to Rayneval's departure; 
asking Lafayette to continue efforts for America] (PHi: Franklin Papers). 
September '7. L to Franklin [announcing birth of daughter Virginie] (PP AmP: 
Franklin Papers), Fr. 
September 18. LbC from Livingston [expressing disappointment at Lafayette's 
delay in returning; instability of British ministry] (DNA: RG 360, PCC 118', 
p. 30 7). 
September 19. ALS to Henry Laurens [British unwillingness to treat with 
America on equal footing] (SeRi: Henry Laurens Papers). 
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 43 1 
September 27. ALS from Robert Morris [thanking Lafayette for his kind atten-
tion to his boys in France] (Henkels Catalogue, January 16, 1917). 
October 7. LbC from Morris [introducing Joshua Barney; also addressed to 
Franklin, Jay, Adams, and Carmichael] (U.S. Naval Academy Museum: 
Robert·Morris Letter Book). 
October '4. ALS to Livingston [state of peace negotiations; failure of Gibraltar 
siege; Dutch recognition of American independence] (NHi: Robert R. 
Livingston Papers). 
October '4. ALS to Washington [apologizing for delay; discussing de Grasse's 
defeat; birth of daughter] (PEL: Hubbard Collection). 
October 28. L [copy] from John Barry [announcing arrival in France and the 
seizure of nine prizes] (DLC: Papers of Commodore John Barry). 
October 31. L [copy] from John Barry [asking after peace prospects] (DLC: 
Papers of Commodore John Barry). 
November 2. ALS [typescript] to John Barry [expressing pleasure over his 
arrival] (Louis Gottschalk Collection, private collector). 
November 2. L to Gouvion [errands for Gouvion to perform in America] (NrC: 
Dean Collection). 
November 3. L [copy] from Hamilton [had been expecting Lafayette's arrival; 
becoming member of Congress; death of John Laurens] (DLC: Alexander 
Hamilton Papers). 
November 7. L [draft] from Vergennes [concerning Ridley's request for arms] 
(AAE: Correspondance politique, Etats-Unis, vol. 22, fol.·427), Fr. 
November '7. LbC from John Barry [thanking Lafayette for letter; announc-
ing imminent departure]' (DLC: Papers of Commodore John Barry). 
November 20. ALS to Segur [discussing Lafayette's joining with Franco-Span-
ish expeditionary force and other military matters] (SHA: A' 3732, piece 
114), Fr. . 
[November 26] ALS to [Franklin] [announcing granting of 6-million-livre loan 
to the United States] (DLC: Benjamin Franklin Papers). 
November [28] LbC from Adams, Franklin and Jay [expressing approval of 
Lafayette's actions] (MHi: Adams Papers). 
December 3. AL to Prince de PODe [announcing inlminent departure on expe-
dition] (Mme Andre Balleyguier), Fr. 
December 3. L to Gouvion [discussing expedition against England] (Nrc: Dean 
Collection). 
December 3. ALS to Elias Boudinot, president of Congress [Franco-Spanish 
expedition against British; explaining reasons for remaining in France] 
(DNA: RG 360, PCC 156 p. 304). 
December 4. AL to Prince de PODe [imminent departure of expedition] (Mme 
Andre Balleyguier), Fr. . 
December 4. AL to Prince de PODe [Lafayette's unhappiness at leaving friends 
and fanilly] (Mme Andre Balleyguier), Fr. 
December 4. ALS to Franklin [imminent departure of expedition] (DLC: Ben-
jamin Franklin Papers). 
December 6. L [copy, fragment] to Mme de Simiane [farewell] (NrC: Dean 
Collection), Fr. 
432 Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 
December 6. AL to Poix [returning because of bad winds; discussing gossip 
over Mme de Simiane) (Mme Andre BalIeyguier), Fr. 
December 7. ALS to Livingston [expedition against British West Indies; recom-
mending William Temple Franklin) (NHi: Robert R. Livingston Papers). 
December 8. ALS to Franklin [expressing desire to serve the United States any 
way he can) (DLC: Benjamin Franklin Papers). 
December 8. AL to Poix [winds changed, fleet departing again) (Mme Andre 
BalIeyguier}, Fr. 
December '3' AL to Poix [repeating affectiqn for Poix and all his family) (MMe 
Andre BalIeyguier), Fr .. 
December '5. L [draft) from Montaran [discussing expedition) (AN: F'· '376), 
Fr. 
December 15. ALS from Washington [awaiting outcome of negotiations; evac-
uation of Charleston and New York) (DLC: George Washington Papers). 
December 24. AL to Poix [announcing arrival at Cadiz) (Mme Andre Bal-
leyguier), Fr. 
December 3'. AL to Poix [prospects of peace; Spanish women) (Mme Andre 
BalIeyguier), Fr. 
1783 
[1783) ALS to [unknown) [discussing affair with Abbe Murat) (CtY: Benjamin 
Franklin Collection), Fr. 
. [1783) ALS to Sarah L. Jay [announcing desire to escort her and Mr. Jay to 
theater) (NNC: John Jay Papers). 
[1783) AL [draft) from Jay [welcoming Lafayette back) (NNC: John Jay 
Papers). 
[1783) from Jay [declining dinner invitation) (NNC: John Jay Papers). 
January 1. ALS to. Vergennes [prospects of peace) (AAE,',Correspondance 
politique, Etats-Unis, vol. 23, fol. 3), Fr. I 
January 2. AL.to Poix [thanking for letters; expressing affection) (Mme Andre 
BalIeyguier), Fr. ',. 
January 2. ALS to Vergennes [discussing peace negotiations).;(AAE: Correspon-
dance politique. Etats-Unis, vol. 23, fol. 28), Fr. i' 
January '3. AL to Poix [peace will disappoint his plans; satisfaction with com-
position of expedition) (Mme Andre BalIeyguier), Fr. 
January 16. AL to Poix [uncertainty over his plans if peace comes) (Mme Andre 
BalIeyguier), Fr. 
January 21. AL to Poix [imminent departure from Cadiz) (Mme Andre Bal-
leyguier), Fr. 
January 28. AL to Poix (asking whether there will be peace or war) (Mme 
Andre BalIeyguier), Fr. 
February 5. ALS to Nathanael Greene [discussing peace; need for unitY.in 
America) (DLC: Nathanael Greene Papers). 
February 5. L [copy) to [Matthias Ogden) [conceming signing of peace pre-
liminaries) (MH: Sparks Mss. 49.3). . 
February 7. ALS to d'Estaing [sending Triomphe to Philadelphia with news of 
peace) (AN: Fonds de la Marine, C1157, dossier de Lafayette), Fr. 
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 433 
February 11. L [copy) from d'Estaing [reporting on sending Tnomphe to Phila-
delphia; hoping to see Lafayette in Madrid) (AN: Fonds de la Marine BS 801, 
dossier 3), Fr. . 
February '5. L [copy, fragtnent) to [Mme de Simiane) [concerning departure 
from Madrid and return to Paris) (NIC: Dean Collection), Fr. 
February '5. AL to Poi." [at Madrid, will be delayed) (Mme Andre Balleyguier), 
Fr. 
March 2. ALS to Washington [discussing difficulties with Spanish court) (PEL: 
Hubbard Collection). 
March 3. ALS to Samuel Adams [congratulating on general peace; expressing 
disappointtnent over not being able to annex Canada) (NN: Samuel Adams 
Papers). 
March 11. ALS from d'Estaing [discussing Lafayette's efforts in Spain) 
(NNPM), Fr. 
March 17. ALS from d'Estaing [fleet departing for Brest) (NIC: Dean Collec-
tion), Fr. 
March 27. AL to Aglae d'Hunolstein [bidding farewell) (RPJCB), Fr. 
[March 30) AL to Adrienne de Noailles de Lafayette [business concerns with 
his aunt) (ALG), Fr. 
March 30. ALS to Montaran [received his memoir on commerce) (AN: F'2 
1375), Fr. 
April 7. ALS to Franklin [discussing Franklin's proposed visit to Vergennes) 
(PPU) . 
April 12. L [printed copy) from Elias Boudinot [thanking Lafayette for sending 
news of peace) (Burnett, Letters of Congress, 1'135-36). 
April 26. ALS to La Colombe [prospects for La Colombe's military career) (AN: 
Section moderne, C 358, '90', piece 7), Fr. 
[ca. May 10) ALS to Segur [writing on behalf of Gimat to obtain pension for 
him) (CtY: Benjamin Franklin Collection), Fr. 
May 10. ALS from Washington [British evacuation of New York; Lafayette's 
efforts in Spain; hostilities with Indians) (DLC: 'George Washington Papers). 
May 12. ALS from Clinton [responding to Lafayette's request to set the record 
straight on remarks concerning American troops) (MiU-C), Fr. 
May 12. ALS to John Dickinson [letter of introduction) (PPAmP: Logan 
Papers). 
May 12. AL to d'Ormesson [means of attracting American commerce) (AN: 
'44 AP [Archives d'Ormesson) '33, dossier 5, piece 30), Fr. 
May '3' LbC from Henry Laurens [expressing appreciation of Lafayette's role 
in peace negotiations) (ScHi: Henry Laurens Papers). 
May 18. LS from Castries [discussion of Captain Fanning) (PPAmP: Society 
Collection), Fr. 
May 18, ALS to Livingston Getter of introduction) (NHi: Robert R. Livingston 
Papers). 
May 18. ALS to Washington [letter of introduction) (PEL: Hubbard 
Collection). 
[May) 21. L to William Temple Franklin [letter of introduction) (PPAmP: 
Franklin Papers), Fr. 
[June] M from Lafayette [memorandum on American commerce, recommend-
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 
ing interests of Carter and Wads~orth] (AAE: Correspondance politi que, 
Etats-Unis, vol. 24, fols. 418-21), Fr. 
June 6. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PP AmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 28, no. 
143)· 
June 10. ALS to Livingston [letter of introduction for Dr. Bancroft] (NHi: 
Misc. Mss. Livingston). 
June 10. ALS to Nathanael Greene [explaining his delay in returning to Amer-
ica] (MiD-C). 
June 12. ALS to Washington [letter of introduction] (PEL: Hubbard 
Collection). 
June 16. AL to Franklin and Jay [will stop by for information from America] 
(NNC: John Jay Papers). 
June 16. AL [draft] from Jay [indicating that neither he nor Franklin has new 
information] (NNC: John Jay Papers). 
June 20. LbC from Henry Laurens [concerning British maneuverings in nego~ 
tiations] (ScHi: Henry Laurens Papers). 
June 21. L to Franklin and Jay [sending them American newspapers] (PP AmP: 
Franklin Papers, vol. 43, no. 168), Fr. 
June 26. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 28, 
=1~. . 
June 30. ALS to d'Estaing [will forward note from Captain Roux] (AN: Fonds 
de la Marine, B4 210, fo1. 160), Fr. 
Guly] AL [autograph envelope] to James McHenry (DLC: James McHenry 
Papers). 
. Guly 1] ALS to d'Estaing [recommending requests of various omcers] (AN: 
Fonds de la Marine, G 171, pieces 174-75), Fr. 
July 17. ALS to d'Ormesson [recommending Colonel Ogden] (AAE: Corre-
spondance politique, Etats-Unis, vol. 25, fol. 47), Fr. 
July 17· ALS to Vergennes [recommending Colonel Ogden] (AAE: Correspon-
dance politique, Etats-Unis, vol. 25, fol. 46), Fr. 
July 20. L [copy] from Castries [enclosing a copy of his responseto Vergennes 
and a memoir of the Farmers General] (AAE: Correspondarce politique, 
Etats-Unis, suppl., vol. 11, fol. 277'1,), Fr. i 
July 22. ALS to the American Peace Commissioners [Franklin, Jay, Adams, 
Laurens] [addressing issue of American debt to England and its effect on 
commerce] (MHi: Adams Papers). .:. 
July 22. D Lafayette [memoir on spinning establishment in 1,i.uvergne] (AN: 
F12, 1376), Fr. . it 
August 7. L to Franklin [enclosing a memoir] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 
42, no. 148), Fr. 
August 24. ALS to [Segur?] [requesting passport to visit Austrian troops] (InU: 
Lafayette Mss. Ill), Fr. 
August 26. ALS to Vergennes [endorsing petition of Grubb & Co.] (AAE: 
Correspondance politique. Etats-Unis, vol. 25, fol. 227), Fr. 
August 2g. DS [power of attorney for sale of lands at Lislaval] (NjMoHP: The 
Park Collection), Fr. . 
September 8. AL to Adrie~e de NoaiJJes de Lafayette [telling of difficult 
voyage] (ALG), Fr. . 
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 435 
September 10. AL to Adrienne '[discussing illness offriend Roger] (ALG), Fr. 
September '7' AL to Adrienne [discussing Roger's illness] (ALG), Fr. 
September 28. ALS to Jay Gay's imminent departure from Europe] (NNC: 
John Jay Papers). 
October 17. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 30, 
no. 28). 
October 22. LS to William Temple Franklin [discussing American commercial 
interests in France] (PPAmP: Franklin Pap.ers, vol. 105, no. 133)' 
October 30. LbC from Washington [enclosing list of requested silver items] 
(DLC: George Washington Papers). 
November 1. L [draft] from Washington [letter of introduction] (DLC: George 
Washington Papers). 
November g. ALS from Nathanael Greene [recommend!ilg Governor Reed] 
(NHi: Reed Papers, vol. VII, no. 77). 
November 2g. ALS to Washington [recommending Sailly for improvement of 
mines in Virginia] (PEL: Hubbard Collection). 
[December] ALS to Vergennes [mentioning Laurens's ill health and decision to 
return to the United States] (AAE: Correspondance politique, Etats-Unis, 
vol. 26, fol. 26g), Fr. 
[December?] D [draft] from Lafayette and Chastellux to Franklin [recommen-
ding Dr. Coste] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 57, no. 123), Fr. 
December 1. LbC from Washington to Franklin and Lafayette [letter ofrecom-
mendation] (DLC: George Washington Papers). 
December 4. LbC from Washington [canceling earlier order for plated ware] 
(DLC: George Washington Papers). 
December g. LbC from Washington [recommending Dr. Witherspoon] (DLC: 
George Washington Papers). 
December 10. ALS to Secretary of American Philosophical Society [concerning 
French balloon experiments] (PPAmP). 
December 14. ALS [draft] from Henry Knox [discussing American indepen-
dence and friendship for Lafayette] (MHi: Henry Knox Papers). 
December 18. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 
30, no. 133)· 
December 20. ALS to [Segur] [letter of introduction] (PPAmP: Feinstone Col-
lection), Fr. 
December 25. ALS to Vergennes [discussing American commerce and its need 
to break ties with England] (AAE: Correspondance politique, Etats-Unis, vol. 
26, fol. 251), Fr. 
December 26. ALS to Thomas Mifflin, President of Congress [relating news of 
British internal affairs] (DNA: RG 360, PCC 156, p. 365). 
1784 
January 3. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 31, 
no. 7). 
January 8. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 31, 
nO. 12). 
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 
January 10. L [draft] from Castries [discussing situation with Griffin Greene] 
(AN: Fonds de la Marine B2 427, foIs. 7, 13), Fr. 
Ganuary] 18. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 
31, no. 37V2). 
January Ig. LS to La Colombe [discussing the Society of the Cincinnati] (AN: 
Section moderne, C 358, Ig01, piece 8), Fr. . 
January 20. ALS [draft] from George Clinton [discussing Wasbington's plans] 
(NN: George Clinton Papers). 
January 23. ALS to Rayneval [announcing his brother's acceptance into the 
Society of the Cincinnati] (PHi: Dreer Collection), Fr. 
February 5. ALS from Thomas Mullens [testifying to his service in the army] 
(Papers of the Society of the Cincinnati, Washington, D.C.). 
February 10. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 
31, no. 66). 
February 26. ALS to Gay] [announcing four free ports for American mer-
chants] (CtY: Benjamin Franklin Collection). 
February 26. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 
31, no. 90). 
March 5. AIJS [endorsement of Jay's statement on complaints about Chevalier 
de Quesney's conduct] (AN: Fonds de la Marine, B2 426, piece 84). 
March 6. L [printed copy] from John Dickinson [naming of Pennsylvania 
county for Lafayette] (Maryland Gazette, Augilst 26, 1784). 
March 8. ALS to Robert Morris [discussing payment for subscription in the 
SOciety of the Cincinnati] (DLC: Digges-L'Enfant-Morgan Papers). 
March 9. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (NNC: DeWitt Clinton Collec-
tion). 
March 9. ALS to Washington [supporting claims of French naval captains to be 
included in the Society of the Cincinnati] (PEL: Hubbard Collection). 
March 9. ALS to Washington [forwarding du Bouchet's .. c1aims for Society 
membership] (PEL: Hubbard Collection). i 
March '7. ALS .toJeremiah Wadsworth [detailing changes in British ministry; 
plans to go to America] (CtHi: Jeremiah Wadsworth Papers). 
March 22. L [copy] from Sir Edward Newenham [recoul:\ting British politics 
and state of American maufactures] (PPAmP: Franklin p'apers, vol. 3', pt. 2, 
no. 118). ,i 
March 23. ALS to Antoine-Lewis Qhaumont de la Milliete [dealing with Over-
taxation and lack of good transportation networks] (CtY: BenjanIin Franklin 
Collection), Fr. 
March 24. L [copy] from Nathanael Greene [thanking Lafayette for his offer to 
advance money to Griffm Greene] (CSmH). 
March 27. L to Franklin [accepting dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Pa-
pers, vol. 43, no. 16g). Fr. 
March 30. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 3', 
no. 130). 
March 31. L [copy] froIl) Henry Laurens [discussing proqlems of trade re-
strictions] (NN: Bancroft Transcripts). 
April 4. L [copy] from Wasbington rmviting Adrienne to stay with his family; 
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 437 
hoping to see Lafayette soon; thanking him for the plated ware] (DLC: 
George Washington Papers). 
April 5. AL [draft] from Jay [declining dinner invitation] (NNC: John Jay 
Papers). 
April 9. ALS to Wasbington [concerning applications for the Society of the 
Cincinnati] (PEL: Hubbard Collection). 
April 10. ALS to Vergennes [bringing Colonel Harmar to Versailles] (AAE: 
Correspondance politique, Etats-Unis, vol. 27, fol. 275), Fr. 
April 16. ALS to Jeremiah Wadsworth [complaining of lack of American trade] 
(Ct: Governor Joseph Trumbull Collection). 
April '9. ALS to Wadsworth [will be leaving for America in June] (CtHi: 
Jeremiah Wadsworth Papers). 
April 20. ALS to [Linguet?] [pIanning trip to America] (InU: Lafayette Mss. I), Fr. 
April 22. ALS to Wadsworth [discussing upcoming trip to America] (CtHi: 
Jeremiah Wadsworth Papers). 
April 28. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 43, 
no. 167), Fr. 
May 5. LbC from Wasbington [letter of introduction] (DLC: George Wash-
ington Papers). 
May 8. ALS [draft] from Jay [discussing travel plans] (NNC:Johri'Jay Papers). 
[May 9] ALS to Jay [expressing disappointtnent at not being able to travel with 
him] (CtY: Benjamin Franklin Collection). 
May '5. ALS to [Segur] [recommending Gouvion and Laumoy for their mili-
tary service] (NrC: Dean Collection), Fr. 
May '7· LS from Calonne [granting four free ports] (DNA: RG 360, PCC '37, 
vol. 3, appendix, p. 449), Fr. 
[May 17] ALS to [Franklin] [announcing arret du conseil for free ports] (PPU). 
May '7. L [draft] from Washington [informing Lafayette that French naval 
captains are now eligible for membership] (Papers of the Society of the 
Cincinnati, Washington, D.C.). 
May 25. L to William Temple Franklin [suggesting someone wishes to use title 
of Benjamin Franklin's secretary in order to obtain free passage' to America] 
(PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 42, no. 146), Fr. 
Gune] AL to Adrienne [giving last instructions and notifying of planned return 
inJanuary] (ALG), Fr. 
Gune 3] ALS to Franklin [relating American news and planned departure for 
America] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 32, no. 3). 
June 12. L [draft] from [Castries] [discussing French purchase of American 
naval· supplies] (An: Fonds de la Marine, B2 427, fol. 349), Fr. 
June 13. L from [Castries] [discussing purchase of ship La Flore] (AN: Fonds de 
la Marine, B2 426, fols. 148-49), Fr. 
June] 25 ALS [photostat] to [Calonne] [discussing addition of another free 
port] (Louis Gottschalk Collection, private collector), Fr. 
Uune] 30 . .A.L to Adrienne [expressing love and sorrow over leaving her] 
(ALG), Fr. 
August [10] ALS to Washington [announcing expected arrival at Moum Ver-
non] (private collector). 
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 
August 13- AL to Prince de Poix [announcing his arrival in America and his 
reception] (Mme Andre BalIeyguier), Fr. 
August '3. ALS to Vergennes [announcing his arrival in America] (AAE: 
Correspondance politique, Etats-Unis, voL 28, fol. 135), Fr. 
August '3. M [printed copy] from the Pennsylvania State Assembly.[expressing 
gratitude for all Lafayette's efforts for America] (Maryland Gazette, August 
26, 1784). 
August '3. M [printed copy] [reply to address by the Pennsylvania State Assem-
bly (Maryland Gazette, August 26, 1784). 
August '4. LbC to Robert Morris [announcing free ports in France and enclos-
ing a memo from Castries] (DNA: RG 360, PCC 121, p. 107). 
August '9. ALS to Chevalier d'Anterroches [will see him soon] (MH: Auto-
graph File), Fr. 
August 20. AL to Poix [announcing arrival at Mount Vernon;joy at being with 
Washington] (Mme Andre BalIeyguier), Fr. 
August 29. L to Adrienne [announcing departure from Mount Vernon and 
giving household instructions] (ALG), Fr. 
[September-December] AL to Matthew Carey [inviting him to dine at French 
consul's] (Davis Memorial Library, Methodist College). 
September '4' ALS to Washington [letter of introduction] (PEL: Hubbard 
Collection). " 
September '5. AL to Poix [reception in America; plans to go to Indian negotia-
tions] (Mme Andre BalIeyguier), Fr. 
September 24. ALS to [unknown] [delayed at Fort Schuyler; will arrive 
Hartford later] (pHi: Gratz Collection). 
September 30. L [copy] from Morris [thanking Lafayette for services rendered 
to America] (DLC: Offical Letter Book, Robert Morris Papers). 
[October] D [resolution granting citizenship to Lafayette and his son from the 
state of Connecticut] (Ct: Connecticut Archives, 1St series). 
October 1. AL [draft] from the Commissioners of Congress [4nouncing immi-
nent arrival at. Fort Schuyler] (MH: Autograph File). ; 
October L ALS from Livingston [expressing regret at having missed Lafayette] 
(NHi: Robert R. Livingston Papers). i' 
October 12. L to Adrienne [announcing his arrival at Har:~ord, disappoint-
ment at finding no letters for him there] (ALG), Fr. l 
October 12. M [printed copy] from Thomas Seymour [welcoming Lafayette to 
the city of Hartford] (Connecticut Courant and Weekly Intelligencer, no. 1030, 
October '9, 1784). 
October 12. M [printed copy] [Lafayette's reply to address by the mayor of 
Hartford] (Connecticut Courant and Week(y Intelligencer, October 19, 1784). 
October 16. AMS [Lafayette's speech to his former officers in Boston] (MeHi: 
S. H. Fogg Autograph Collection). 
[October 22] AL to Poix [describing his reception in Boston and his plans for 
returning to Virginia] (Mme Andre BalIeyguier), Fr. 
October 22. ALS to [Madiso.n] [explaining that he was delayed.by his reception 
in Boston] (Phi: Dreer Collection). 
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 439 
October 22. ALS to Washington [explaining his delay in Boston] (PEL: Hub-
bard Collection). 
October 25. M [printed copy] [address to Lafayette by former, Rhode Island 
officers] (Newport Mercury, no. 1205). 
October 25. M [printed copy] [reply to address from Rhode Island officers] 
(Newport Mercury, no. 1205). 
October 25. M [speech in honor of Lafayette by the mayor of Newport, Rhode 
Island] (RNHi). 
October 26 M [LbC] [address of welcome to Lafayette from the Rhode Island 
General Assembly] (Rhode Island Colony Records, vol. 12, State of Rhode 
Island and Providence Plantations). 
October 26. M [LbC] (Lafayette's reply to the Rhode Island General Assembly 
(ibid.). 
October 29. M [printed copy] [address to Lafayette by the gentlemen of Salem] 
(Massachusetts Centinel, 2, no. 13 (November 3, 1784). 
[October 29] AMS [Lafayette's response to welcome at Salem] (MSaE). 
November 4. ALS to Livingston [expressing regret at missing him thus far in 
his trip] (NHi: Misc. Mss. Livingston). 
November :H. ALS to Benjamin Hamson, Jr. [presenting petition of some 
French merchants in the United States) (NN: E=et Collection). 
November 25. ALS to Gay] [apologizing for the publication of preliminary 
accounts of negotiations at Fort Schuyler by St. Jean de Crevecoeur] (DNA: 
RG 360, PCC '56, p. 396). 
November 30. L [copy] to [William Paca] [addressed to the Governor and the 
Council of Maryland] (MH: Sparks Mss. 29)· 
December 6. ALS to Richard Henry Lee, president of Congress [announcing 
impending departure from America] (DNA: RG 360, PCC 19, vol. 2, p. 253)' 
[December 9] AL [draft] from John Jay [announcing the appointment of a 
committee of thirteen to take formal leave of Lafayette] (NNC: John Jay 
Papers). 
December '4' LbC from Richard Henry Lee [bidding farewell; requesting 
transport of letter to Franklin in Paris] (DNA: RG 360, PCC 16, p. 316). 
December 16. ALS to Henry Knox [farewell; asking Knox to send his son to 
France for education with his own] (MHi: Henry Knox Papers). 
December '7. ALS to [unknown] [introducing John McHenry] (DLC: James 
McHenry Papers). 
December '9' L [printed copy] to Elbridge Gerry [regretting inability to return 
to Boston as planned] (James Austin, Life of Elbridge Gerry [Boston, 1828-29], 
voL I, p. 468). 
December '9' L [printed copy] to the President of the Charleston Library 
Society [thanking the Society for electing him t6 its membership] (Newport 
Mercury, no. 1234). 
December '9. ALS to Games Monroe] [announcing departure for Europe] 
(NN: Monroe Papers). 
December '9. ALS to [unknown] [taking leave] (PPT: Manuscript no. 1320). 
December '9. ALS to Jonathan Trumbull [announcing departure and apolo-
440 Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 
gizing for being unable to return to Connecticut] (Ct: Jonathan Trumbull, 
Sr., Papers). 
December 21. ALS to Washington [bidding farewell; will see Washington 
again; continued trouble with Britain] (PEL: Hubbard Collection). 
1785 
[1785] ALS to Louis-Hardouin Tarbe [introducing an American merchant] 
(In U: Lafayette Mss. II), Fr. 
[1785-1786] ALS to Thomas Jefferson [sending him a consultant for tObacco 
affairs] (MHi: Jefferson Papers). 
January 19. AL [draft] f,om Jay [requesting Lafayette's help in getting trade 
restriction lifted from the Indies] (NNC: John Jay Papers). 
February g. ALS to Nathanael Greene [announcing arrival in Paris; giving 
news of Griffm Greene] (OCI WHi). 
February g. ALS to Henry Knox [reporting safe arrival in Paris] (MHi: Henry 
Knox Papers). 
February 6. LS [copy] from Jacques Le Maire to [Lafayette?] [hoping he will 
return to his military career] (Vi), Fr. 
February g. ALS to Washington [safely arrived; giving Europe's political news; 
thanking him for his letters to Anastasie de Lafayette] (PEL: Hubbard 
Collection). 
February '4. L to Jefferson [sending a copy of Floridablanca's letter] (DLC: 
Thomas Jefferson Papers), Fr. 
February '5. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 
33, no. 32), Fr. 
[March] M [memorandum on tributes paid to the Barbary States by European 
nations; enclosed in L to American Commissioners, April 8, 1785] (DNA, RG 
360, PCC g8, pp. 8g-94), Fr. 
March 6. L to William Temple Franklin [reporting Ame"jcan news; Congress 
cop.vening] (PP AmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 106, no. 14h Fr. 
March 10. L [copy] to [William Carmichael] [discussing {troubles with Spain; 
Indian attaclts on United States settlements] (DLC: Thomas Jefferson 
Papers). i' 
March '4. L to Abigail Smith Adams and Miss Adams [qinner invitation] (DSI: 
Hull Collection, 53206). ..; 
,,' 
March '4' L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 33, 
,no. 52). 
March '5. ALS to [Franklin] [introducing a Canadian] (PPAmP: Franklin Pa-
pers, vol. 33, no. 52). 
March 16. ALS to Henry Knox [infOrming him of European political affairs] 
(Knox Memorial Association). 
March 16. ALS to Elbridge Gerry [reporting trouble with the commercial 
concessions] (DLC: Elbridge Gerry Papers). 
March 16. ALS to Elias Boudinot [relaying European political news] (NjHi). 
March 16. ALS to Samuel Breck [mentioning political affairs] (CtY: Benjamin 
Franklin Collection). 
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 
March 19. ALS to Washington [discussing Potomac Company; European poli-
tics; possibilities of European war] (PEL: Hubbard Collection). 
March 19. ALS to Uay] [necessity offederal union in America; difficulties with 
the Spanish; American commercial concerns] (DNA: RG 360, PCC 156 p. 
408). 
March 22. L to William Temple Franklin Oetter of introduction] (PPAmP: 
Franklin Papers, vol. 108, no. 86), Fr. 
March 24. ALS to Grattepain Morizot [expressing satisfaction with his services] 
(J. Fromageot Tonnere), Fr. 
March 30. L [printed copy] from Patrick Henry [requesting arms for Virginia] 
William Henry, The Life, Correspondeme and Speeches of Patrick Henry [New 
York, 18g1], 3:28g-go). 
April 5. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 33, no. 
73)· 
April g. L to Thomas Ruston [dinner invitation] (PHi: Tench Coxe Papers). 
April 12. ALS from Washington [letter of introduction] (PPAmP: Feinstone 
Collection). 
April 16. ALS to Nathanael Greene [regarding tutors for Greene's son] (MiU-
C). 
April 16. ALS to Washington [complaints of French merchants against arret; 
jackasses and hounds are being shipped] (PEL: Hubbard Collection). 
April 18. ALS to Uay] [petitioning for aid to an orphan child] (DNA, RG 360, 
PCC 156, p. 4'2). 
April 18. ALS to Uay] [letter of introduction] (DNA: RG 360, PCC 156, p. 422). 
April 18. L to Jonathan Williams [arranging a time to see him] (PPAmP: 
Feinstone Collection), Fr. 
Aprillg. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 33, 
no. 84). . 
April 26. L [printed copy] to La Colombe [discussing Colombe's military pros-
pects] (Ulysse Rouchon, Un ami de La Fayette, Ie Chevali<r de La Colombe 
[Champion, 1924], p. 22), Fr. 
April 26. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (NHi: Misc. Mss. Lafayette). 
[ca. April 2g] ALS to William Temple Franklin [discussing Congress's accep-
tance of Benjamin Franklin's resignation; asking for American news] 
(PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 108, no. 43)' 
[May] ALS to Nathanael Greene [promoting French interest in buying Ameri-
can naval supplies] (CtHi). 
May 3. L to Franklin [dinner invitation] (pPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 33, no. 
95)· 
May 7. D [agreement between Pierre Tourtille-Sangrain and Lafayette for the 
procurement of Americari whale oil for lighting of Paris] (CSt: Manuscripts 
Division, Department of Special Collections), Fr. 
[May 8] ALS to William Temple Franklin [announcing Choiseul's death; will 
delay his visit to Benjamin Franklin] (PPAmP: ·Franklin Papers, vol. 197, nO. 
g6). 
[ca. May g-10] AL to John Adams [letter of introduction for Cadran] (MHi: 
Adams Papers). 
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 
[May 10] ALS to Cadran [enclosed with AL to Adams, ca. May g-10, asking 
Cadran to assist Adams] (MHi: Adams Papers), Fr. 
May 10. L to John Quincy Adams and Miss Abigail Adams [dinner invitation] 
(DSI: Hull Collection, 53123). 
May 11. ALS to Jay [European political affairs and prospects of war] (DNA: RG 
360, PCC 156, p. 418). 
May 11. ALS to Jeremiah Wadsworth [planning trip to south of France for 
American commercial interests] (Ct: Governor Joseph Trumbull Collection). 
May 11. ALS to Washington [letter of introduction] (PEL: Hubbard 
Collection). 
May 12. LbC from Washington [letter of introduction] (PEL: Hubbard 
Collection). 
May 13. ALS to William Constable [urging more powers for Congress; French 
response to arret du conseil removing trade restrictions from Americans] 
(NNC: John Jay Papers). 
May 14. LS to John Quincy Adams [concerning American commercial con-
cerns] MHi: Adams Papers), Fr. 
May 18. ALS to John Quincy Adams [asking him to convey commercial news; 
informing him of seven dogs he is to deliver to Washington] (MHi: Adams 
Papers). 
June 1. ALS from Nathanael Greene [recommending John McQueen] (S. 
Harold Goldman). 
June 1. ALS to Patrick Henry [accounts to be settled] (CU-BANC). 
June 1. L [copy, fragment] from Livingston [relaying his unwillingness to serve 
abroad as a foreign minister] (NN: Bancroft Transcripts). . 
June 3. LbC from John Adams [announcing his arrival in London; pleased 
with Colonel Smith] (MHi: Adams Papers). 
June 4. ALS to [unknown] [letter ofrecommendation] (CtNhHi). 
Gune 6] D [recommendation for Dr. Coste for membership' in the Society of 
the Cincinnati, with endorsement in Lafayette's hand] (pr AmP: Franklin 
Papers, vol. 33, no. 12g), Fr. ' 
June 6. L to Franklin [encloses Coste recommendation] (PPAmP: Franklin 
Papers, vol. 33, no. 12g). i' 
June 7. ns [statement of conditions for land purchase in Fre.nch Guiana] (NIC: 
Dean Collection), Fr. £1 
June 11. L [printed copy] from Richard Henry Lee [explaining commercial 
problems; announcing arrival of Spanish envoy] (Richard H. Lee Correspon-
dence, vol. II, p. 66). 
June 12. ALS to John Quincy Adams [sending passports and Tourtille-San-
grain proposal] (MHi: Adams Papers). ." 
June 12. ALS to Patrick Henry [letter of recommendatton] (NHl: Gallattn 
Papers). 
June 12. ALS to Nathanael Greene [concerning education of his and 
Lafayette's son] (MiD-C). 
June 22. L [printed copy] from Rabaut de St. Etienne [thanking Lafayette for 
his help in lawsuit against Protestants] ("Les Promoteurs de l'edit de 1787", 
Bulletin de la Societe de I'Histoire du Protestanti.sme jra'nfais, 1855), Fr. 
AppendLx II: Calender of Omitted Letters 443 
June 30. LS to Vergennes [concertting United States artnS seized at Nantes] 
(AAE: Correspondance politique, Etats-Unis, vol. 30, fol. 85), Fr. 
July g. ALS to John Dickinson [letter of introduction for Jean-Antoine 
Houdon] (PHi: Gratz Collection). 
[ca. July g] ALS to [William Temple Franklin] [concertting renting of Frank-
lin's house after his departure] (PPAmP: Franklin Papers, vol. 108, no. 39). 
July 9· ALS to Samuel Geary [concerning whale-oil commerce] (Papers of the 
Society of the Cincinnati, Washington, D.C.). 
July 9· ALS to Washington [letter of introduction for Houdon] (PEL: Hubbard 
Collection). 
July 13· LS to John Quincy Adams [passports and contracts for vessels carrying 
whale oil] (MHi: Adams Papers). 
July 14. ALto Franklin [saying farewell] (PPAmP: FrahklinPapers, vol. 33, no. 
161). 
July 14. ALS to Washington [beginning German travels; will purchase estate 
for experiment with slaves] (PEL: Hubbard Collection). 
July '5. AL [draft] from Jay [arrival of Gardoqui; difficulties getting Britain to 
evacuate frontier posts] (NNC: John Jay Papers). 
July 16. L to Adrienne [describing travels through Germany] (ALG), Fr. 
July 26. AL [draft] from Elias Boudinot [French reaction to lifting of trade 
restrictions for Americans; sending herbs for pregnant women] (Rosenbach 
Museum and Library, Philadelphia). 
July 30. L to Poix [describing his travels] (ALG), Fr. 
Augnst.S. DS [receipt for 2,400 livres] (PEL: American Friends of Lafayette 
Collection), Fr. 
August 10. L to Poix [leaving Berlin for Silesia] (ALG), Fr. 
August 13. L [printed copy] from Jay to Adrienne [describing life in America] 
(The Correspondence and Public Papers of John Jay, ed. Henry Johnston [New 
York, 1890-93], pp. 162-64). 
August 17. L [copy] from Calonne [indicating no duties to be levied on the 
whale-oil commerce with America] (MHi: Adams Papers), Fr. 
September 3. ALS to James McHenry [intrOducing Andre Michaux] (DLC: 
James McHenry Papers). 
September 3. ALS to [Thomas Bee] [introducing Andre Michaux, sent to 
collect seed and plant specimens for the king] (DLC: Thomas Bee Pa-
pers). 
September 3. ALS to Washington [introducing Andre Michaux] (PEL: Hub-
bard COllection). 
September 6. ALS to Jay [letter of introduction] (DNA: RG 360, PCC 156, p. 
436). 
September 9. L to PoLx [travels between Prussians and Austrians] (ALG), Fr. 
September 16. AL [draft] from Jay [concerning case ofM. Barre] (NNC:John 
Jay Papers). 
Setpember 25. LbC from John Adams [letter of introduction for Thomas 
Boylston] (MHi: Adams Papers). 
September "7. L to Poix [events at Potsdam] (ALG), Fr. 
September 29. ALS to Frederick William II [describing Lafayette's German 
444 
Appendix II: Calender of Omitted Letters 
tour and encounter with a beautiful spy] (CtY: Benjamin Franklin Collec-
tion), Fr. 
October 12. L to Poix [returning from German tour] (ALG), Fr. 
October '5' ALS from Lachlan McIntosh [letter of introduction] MH: bMs AM 
1649.6). . ' 0 October 21. LbC from Jay [concernmg Barre affatr] (DNA: RG 360, PCC 1.1, 
p. 145)· . . . 
October 30. L [printed copy] from Richard Henry Lee [pratsmg LouIS XVI as 
supporter of the rights of man] (Richard Henry Lee Correspondenee, vol. II, p. 
68). 
November 2. ALS from l'Enfant [Houdon's success in America] (MHi: Henry 
Knox Papers), Fr. . . , .. 
November 8. LbC from Washington [mennomng Houdon s VISIt; Dr. Frank-
lin's achievements] (DLC: George Washington Papers). . 
[ca. November 13] L [printed copy] from Jefferson [whale-Oll agreement; 
Thomas Boylston's proposals] (Boyd, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 
9:29-3
'
)' 
November 17. L [extract] from Calonne [whale-oil commerce and duties] 
. (DLC: Thomas Jefferson Papers), Fr. .' . . 
November 20. ALS to [Thomas Boyston] [announcing dununlnon of whale-oil 
duties] (ViHi: Beverly Randolph Wellford Papers).. . . . 
December 2. LbC from John Adams [discussing whale-oil propoSlnons] (MHl: 
Adams Papers). . .. 
December 3. ALS to Segur [returning a pension granted to him; 3 pennons on 
behalf of others] (SHA: LG ,26" 1'< serie), Fr. 
December 3. ALS to Nathanael Greene [buying of American naval supplies by 
France] (DLC: Nathanael Greene Papers).. . . 
December 7. ALS to Jeremialt Wadsworth [working !or Ame~can commerClal 
interests] (Ct: Governor Joseph Trumbull Collecnon). i 
December 12. ALS to [William Stephen Smith] [Mr. Barret an]ved to work on 
mercantile plan between France and England] (MHi: DeWindt Collection). 
December '7. ALS to Antoine-Cristophe Merlin [petitioning oji behalf of Com-
te de Ta10bre (SHA: LG 1261, I"' serie), Fr. i 
December 23. L from Castries [asking him to secure najal supplies from 
Greene] (AN: Fonds de 1a Marine, B2 429, piece 106), F".. 
December 29. LS to Nathanael Greene [requesting supplies of wood] (MiU-C). 
December 30. L [draft] from Segur [informing Lafayette that hlS p~nslOn will 
be redistributed to others, as requested] (SHA, LG 1261, 1'< sene), Fr. 
--- -------
INDEX 
. This it:;Ldex is ~esigned to complement .the volu:ne's annotation. The bio~phical 
mformatIon proVlded here covers the penod of this volume. People are generally in-
dexed under regularized spellings of the names by which they are called in the docu-
men~. and the titles and offices attributed to them 'are those they held during the period 
of this hook. Cross-references are provided from other names and titles. Given-name 
preferences are printed in small capitals. 
Places are indexed under regularized speliings of their eighteenth-century names, with 
cross-references from their modern names. Significant deviant spellings of the names of 
both places and people are given in parentheses. 
Alphabetization is letter; by letter. Frenc~ names that incorporate "La" or "Lc" are 
indexed with the L's, except in the case of ships' names. 
Page references to illustrations appear in boldface type. The prefatory sections and 
French texts are not indexed. 
The editors gratefully acknowledge the generous assistance of Charles T. Cullen in the 
preparation of this computer-assisted index. They also wish to thank GaryT. Buhrmas-
ter of Cornell Computer Services for his patience in helping with program modifications 
and the staff of the Princeton University Computer Center. 
Abos, Lomse-Jean-MAlUE-Catherine de Guerin 
de Chavaniac, marquise d' (1756-78), L's 
cousin, 117. 118n 
Academie Royale des Sciences de Paris, 222n 
Adams, Abigail (Nabby) (1765-1813), daughter 
of John, 333 
-letters to, calendared, 440, 442 
Adams, Abigail Smith (1744-1818), wife of 
John, 333 
-letter to, calendared, 440 
Adams, Elizabeth Wells, wife of Samuel, 233, 
289 
Adams, John (1735-1826), minister to United 
Provinces (1782-85), commissioner to nego-
tiate peace with Great Britain (1782), minis-
ter to Great Britain from 1785, 228; on 
campaign plans, IS, 19; on commerce. 357: 
and commercial negotiations, 60n, 61, 149. 
205n, 224n, 227, 294. 316n, 347, 350n, 356. 
358n; and concern about reputation, 123, 
1240; and concern over future, 223: and 
Congress, 15. 122, 148, 164, 2:<:2. 123, ~23. 
267n: on dangers to America, 121-24; and 
Dutch, 17:q, 33, 340, 3'JII, 46; on foreign 
influence, 147n; on Franklin, H:4D: and 
French ministry, 53; in Great Britain. 164, 
166, 188. 192,301, 302n, 314n, 33SO: ill 
health of. 14-15; and L. 12,3. 151, 185. 192, 
202, 213: on L, 122, 123, 295n; and peace 
negotiations, 19n, 28n, 33-34, 39n, 45, 55n. 
59, 150n; on Society of Cincinnati. 201, 
203n, 2ag, 211-12; summons American 
commissioners, 132n; and Vergennes, 1240, 
139; and views on government, 37-38; and 
war debt to Great Britain, 143, 144. 146; on 
whale oil trade, 444; and WiUem V. 223; 
mentioned, Ion. 17, 36n,·45, 48, 69n. 71n, 
74, 75n. 76. 126, 130n, 1440, 147n, 159n, 
267, 277, 289n, 324. 349n, 442 
-letters from, 14-15, 25-26, 37-39, 59-50, 
211-12,223-24,355-56. 357-58; calen~ 
dared. 4:<:$, 4tP, 442, 444; to James Warren, 
121-24 
-letters to, 18-19, 36-37. 60-62. 68-69. 
131-$2, 136,201-3, 213-14,222-23. 
227-29, 315-17, 320-21. 333-35; aUenM 
ciared,42S, 431.434, 441 
Adams, John Quincy (1767-1848). son of 
John: and L, 320-22. 323n, 324, 325, 342; 
and Washington's dogs, 327n, 340n, 442; 
mentioned, 319. 320n 
-letters to, calendared, 442, 443 
Adams, Samuel (1722-1803). former member 
of Congress from Massachusetts, cousin of 
John: letters to, :<:33, 288-89; calendared. 
433 
Adams, Samuel (c. 1750-88), son of Samuel, 
288 
Adhemar, Jean-Balthazar, comte d', French 
ambassador to London, 97, 126 
Africa, ~16, 300n, 314Il, 315 
Aguesseau de Fresnes, Jean-Baptiste-Paulin, 
comte d t (1701-84), grandfather of L's wife, 
'38 
Aguesseau de Fresnes. Mme d'. wife of Jean, 
stepgrandmother of L's wife, 236, 238 
Aiglc, L' (Eagle), French frigate, 64, 66, 670 
Albany, N.Y.: and Canadian refugees, 2850; L 
awaits letters at. 261; and L's visit to Shakers, 
260; mentioned, 121,241,245,252,263, 
264, 272 
Alexaoder, William (1729-1819), merchant of 
Edinburgh and Richmond, 194n 
Alexander, William (Lord Stirling) (1726-83), 
American major general, 121 
Alexandria, Va., 160, 280n 
Algiers (Alger), 162, 165n 
Alliance, American frigate, 11, 21, :1:15n 
Alsace, France, 293 
America. American frigate, 66, 67n 
America, United States of: John Adams on, 38, 
211-12; and affairs in Europe. 78; and al-
liance with France, :n, 23. 33, 34n, 46, 55n, 
62n, 66, 67n, 71, 76, 80, 81, 86, 137, 168, 
179.219,225-26,256,257-59.272,273, 
281, 282. 313; and alliance with France and 
Spain. 82, 126; and alliance with France, 
Spain. and United Provinces. 32n; and al-
liance with United Provinces, 14-15; and 
annexation of Canada. 84; and Barbary 
States, 316n; Barbe de Marbois on, 247; and 
boundary disputes with Spain, 72, 74n, 102; 
British evacuation of, 320n; and Canadian 
refugees, 285n; and claims against Britain, 
38; 168-75, 178, 182, 195,219,224; and 
commercial relations with Great Britain, 113, 
144n. 176n, 2110, 271n, 30,5. 310, 318. 
356n; and compliance with treaty, 130n; 
dangers to, 149, 164; and debt to Great 
Britain, 434; and demand for French goods, 
169-70; and desire for fishing rights off 
Nova Scotia, 48n; effects of war on, 245; 
European view of, 3b4; as example to Eu-
rope, 79; and financial difficulties, lSn. 69, 
74, 114, 144; French dissatisfaction with, 6n. 
9: French friendship for, 9; French-Spanish 
forces in, 26; and gratitude to France. 30, 
119, 168. 176; and judicial system, :314, 
315n; L as spOkesman for, 345, 347; L desir_ 
es to represent at treaty ratification, 89; L 
on, 77, 159.235; L perceives danger for, 88; 
L's absence from, 7; L's assistance to, 11, IS. 
21,30,39,45,50,68.740,75. 80,83,85. 
86, 8g, 92, 137. 143, 149, 153, 188, 192, 240, 
254, 255n, 273, 2740, 275, 281n, 317n, 343, 
427, 4So, 432, 438; L's departure from, 18, 
23, 29, 116n, 305; L's desire to serve in 
future campaigns, 328; L's influence in, 241; 
L's reception in, 243, 266, 26.8, 259n, 275, 
280,300,438; L's return to. 4, IS. 23, 27, 
29,35,37,42, 43n, 47n, 48, 50, 59, 62, 67. 
68, 69n, 83, 84, 89, gon, 91, 94. 96, 98, 116, 
Index 
120.121, 124, 132, 134n, lS7, 144, 146, 150, 
153, 155, 164, 186. 188, 192, 200, 201, 207, 
212.214, 215n, 216. 220, 222, 225-27, 229. 
232,233,266,428-31,434-37;andleg.ru 
questions, 3150; and Longchamps affair, 
294; Madison on, 311; and military stores, 
55; and Mississippi navigation, 311; and 
naval supplies, 10; and negotiations with 
British, 61, 63: and oegotiations with Indi-
ans, 258. 272; and postwar relations with 
Britain, 47; and tax collection. 70; reception 
of news of peace, 128, 139; rejects Russian 
mediatioo, 132n; and religious freedom, 
314, 315n; and requests for French aid, 69: 
slavery in, 299; and Spain. 20, 87, 98, 99, 
106,242, SOl, 308n, 312; and western ex-
pansion, 311-13; mentioned, 5n, 8, 9, 1411, 
21.57,65,91,96.117. 118n, 127n, 134. 
136, 176, ~02, 205, 210, 215, 215, 238n, 262, 
263,288,310,317,318,322.329,3320 
American commerce: John AdapJ.s on, 356 
Barbary threats to. 317n; with Brazil, 173; 
and British customs duties, 351, 357; coo-
gressional regulation of, 344; and fishing 
industry, 3440; with France, Ill, 112, 134. 
13Sn, 139. 142, 147n, 148, 151, 168-75, 
178, 182. 190n, 192, 195.219,224,270,281, 
294. 308n, 310. 327, 352, 355n, 357, 428, 
429,433,437,441,442; and free ports in 
France, 111-13, 13~, 139. 140, 143. 1440, 
148, 17L, 182, 183, 188. 189, 193, 195, 199. 
203,2°4,208,216,226,436-38; and free 
ports in Italy. 347: and French customs du-
ties, Ill, 205, 219, 224, 225-26, 232n. 255, 
350, 353n. 354n, 357; and fur trade, 354; 
with Germany, 347; with Great Britain, 
lo7n. 124, 125n, 194,244,'33.8,434,435; 
and hemp trade, 358: with Ireland, 169; and 
Irish customs duties, 357;: and Jefferson, 
i~;~~~4~~6;~;~~:s7~~f~~~_~~,b~~~fl~~n, 
190, 193, 195, 198, 199,:203, 2°5, 207, 208, 
218, 220n, 225-26, 232,~ 240,255, z66, 
281n,289n,306,3og.~15,319-21'325, 
327, 33 ln, 332, 343, 3i5, 347, 349, 351, 353, 
358. 360n, 433. 435, 137, 440, 442• 443; 
Madison on, 312; an~ market for French 
goods, 17,3; Morris 06, :n9; with Prussia, 
345; regulation of, 333; and Society of Cin-
cinnati. 207; with Spain, 87, 101, 105, Ill, 
128,166, l&]n, 173; with Spanish colonies, 
173; and tobacco trade, 170, 171, 18g, 194, 
198, 350-51, 440; and United ProV:.nces, 33; 
in West Indies, 150n; and whale oil trade, 
319-21, 32:m , 325, 332, 343. 349. 350, 352, 
354n , 355, 357,44 1, 443.444 
American Constitution, Washington on. 119 
American independence: assura.."lce of, 85; 
British efforts to undermine, 21. 44; British 
recognition of. 45, 47n. 55n, 59, 61, 67, 106; 
as central issue of peace negotiations, 36; 
dangers to, 122; Dutch re<:ognition of, 18, 
Z2, 27, 33, 34Il, 36, 428, 431; Lon, 77; 
Spanish recognition of. 17n. 82. 97, 98, 104, 
Index 
American independence (conl.) 
127n; Spanish view of. 3i2; tenth celebration 
of, 333; world recognition of. 60; men-
tioned, 143, 311, 429, 435 
American Intercourse Bill, 212 
American Philosophical Society, 236n 
-letter to, calendared. 435 
American Revolution (American cause): and 
abolition of slavery, 300; Canadian assistance 
to, 284, 285n; and Dutch. 295n; end of, 214; 
and flnal campaigns, 8, 9. 14n, ::n, 30-32, 
43n, 47n, 62, 65, 66, 70, 74n, 78, 114, 115, 
116n, 428; and funding difflculties, 70; Indi-
an participation in, 257; L compares to birth 
of daughter, 57; and L's campaign plans, 75: 
L's zeal for, 7n, 23, 26, 37. 48, 56n, 65, 81, 
83,91,94. 102n, 113, u6n, 120, 169, 201, 
202, 214, 233, 240, 255, 281; principles of, 
180n; success of. 29; Washington on, 1540; 
mentioned, 237, 270, 342 
American states: and ability to raise funds, 70, 
78, 114. 196n; and Articles of Confedera-
tion, 79; and conflict with Congress, 4D, 114, 
130, 157. 157, 196, 267n, 301, 338; constitu-
tions of, 211-12; and enactment of trade 
laws, 338; and federal constitution, 214; and 
lack of unity, 79n, 106. 304, $12; oppose pay 
of sol~iers, 136; sovereignty of. 88, .295n; 
Washington's letter to, 162, 165n; and west-
ern expansion. 311 
Amsterdam, United Provinces (now Nether-
lands), 14-15.25, 112n, 171, 201, 353 
Animal magnetism: claims of, 218n, 220; L 
explains in Philadelphia. 236; Lon, 216; and 
L's experiments with Shakers, 245, 260, 268; 
mentioned, :::22n 
Annapolis. Md.: Congress in, 195; L's visit to, 
285; mentioned, 280n, 289, 296, 297, 299n 
Anterroches, Joseph-Louis, chevalier d' 
(1753-?): letter to, calendared, 438 
Antilles, 30-32 
Antony, France, 25 
Appalachian Mountains, 238, 312 
Aranda. Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, conde 
de (1718-99). Spanish ambassador to 
France: and negotiations with America, 61, 
62n; and Jay, 99, 126; and peace negotia-
tions, 41n; mentioned, 18n 
Arlincourt. Charles-Adrien-Prevost d' 
(1718-94), French Farmer General, 232 
Armistead. William, 279n 
Arnold, Benedict (1741-1801), American ma-
jor general, defected to British Sept. 25, 
1780; British brigadier general, 5, 9, Ion 
Articles of Confederation, 79. 212n:John 
Adams on, 203n, 211-12; Lon, 88,92 
Artois. Charles-Philippe de Bourbon, comte d' 
(later Charles X) (1757-1836), brother of 
Louis XVI, 46-47, 48n 
Asia,3oon 
Athens, Greece. 38 
Atlantic Ocean, 27, 304, 340n 
Austria: and commercial relations with .Amer-
ica, 347: and dispute with United Provinces. 
447 
293, -295n, 305n, 309, 318; L's visit to, 330, 
339,353 
Austrian Netherlands,s 
Auvergne, France: L's spinning establishment 
in, 434; L's visit to, 110, 112; and trade with 
America, ~27, 332; mentioned. 118n, 269 
Ayen, Hennette-Anne-Louise d'Aguesseau, 
d~chesse d' (1737-94), L's mother-in-law, 
wife of Jean, 118, 230, 236. 238, 293 
Ayen. JEAN-Paul-Fran<;ois de Noailles, duc d' 
(1739-1824), L's father-in-law. ma:rtcha1 de 
camp in French army, 236, 238, 293 
Azores, 170 
Bahama Islands, 339 
Baltimore, Md.: Lon, 240; L's visit to, 240-41, 
285; and recovery from war, 301; and trade 
with France, 244, 358; mentioned, 160, 241. 
262,270, 271n,:::80n, 354 
Baltimore Troop of Light Dragoons, 2410 
Bancroft, Edward (1744-1821): discovered to 
be double agent, 133n; and William Knox, 
329; and L, 132, ISS. 157n, 333; mentioned, 
76, 141, 142n, 319, 320n 
Bank of New York, 332 
Barbary States, 315-17, 440, 443 
Barbe de Marbois, Fran<;ois (1745-1837): Sec-
retary to French legation and charge d'af-
faires in America (1783-85),246; and L, 
~61, 269; anq Longchamps, 244n, 324n; 
Journal of, 245-53; and Vergennes, 243. 
~60n, 270; mentioned. :::6:::, 266 
Barber, Francis (1751-83) • .American lieuten-
ant colonel, 121 
Barclay. Thomas, .American consul in Paris: 
and commercial negotiations, ~24, 148. 149, 
175.183,215.226; congressional instruc~ 
rions to, 143; and examination of American 
accounts abroad, 126, 127n; and free pOrts, 
202; in Great Britain, 188, 192; and Henry's 
request to secure arms for Virginia, 328n; 
on L, 150n; mentioned, 267, 328 
Barney, Joshua (17q9-1818), 431 
Barras, Jacques~Melchior Saint-Laurent. comte 
de (?-ca. 1800), French naval commander, 
31 
Barre. M., :::84, 444 
Barrett. Nathaniel, Boston merchant, 321n, 
356, 357, 358n 
Barrington. Samuel (1729-1800), British rear 
adri:llral, second in command under Howe, 
27-28 
Barry, John (1745-1803), commodore, Conti_ 
nental navy, 11, 13, 431 
-letters from, calendared, 431 
-letter to, calendared. 431 
Barthe, M., 229 
Basel, Switzerland, 299, 300 
Basset, Frances (Fanny) (1767-96), 339, 340n 
Bath, England: as health resort, 141, 166, 210; 
mentioned, 142n, 192, 212 
Battle of the Saints, 48n, 67D 
Baumier, M., publicist, 214, 2150 
Bausset, Antoine-Hilarion de (1725-90), chef 
d'cscadre, 77 
Bavaria (Baviera): and joseph II, 294: and 
proposed exchange of, 295n, 304, 305, 319, 
325 
Bayonne, France: deputies from, 112; fees for 
American ships at, 224-26; as free port for 
America, 113n, 143, 148, 171, 183. 188-9°, 
192, 203. 204; and obstacles to American 
trade, Ill, 112n; and tobacco trade, 176n 
Beau.mar<:hais, Pierre-Augustin Caron de 
(1732-99), playwright, 229 
Beaune (Baune), M. de, French officer, 155, 
157n 
Bedford, American merchant ship, I07n 
Bee, Thomas (1740-1812): letter to, calenM 
dared,44S 
Berckel, Pieter joban van, minister to America 
from the United Provinces. 156, 157n 
Bergasse. Nicolas (1750-1832), friend of L, 
355 
Bergen Neck, NJ., 288 
Berlin,P~~,330,342,342n'443 
Bermuda (Burmuda), 339 
Bemis. Fran~ois--joaquim de Pierre de. comte 
de Lyon, cardinal (1715-94), 9, lOn 
Biddle, Clement (1740-1814), former quarterM 
master general for Pennsylvania. 160 
Blackburne. Thomas. 290n 
Black Sea, 146. 14'9, 150n 
Bohemia. Austria, 330 
Bordeaux, France: and grain monopoly, 218n: 
and trade with America, 183, :n6; menM 
tioned, 102, 128, '134. 340n 
Boston, Mass.: British occupation of, 256: har~ 
bor of, 670; honors L. 319: jefferson's deM 
parture from. 267n; Lts visit to. 23S, 235. 
260, 264-66,268,270,275.288.335n.438, 
439; and relations with L, 353; and trade 
with France, 3~nn, 357. 358n; and trade 
with Great Britain, 333, 335n; mentioned. 
61, 66, 241, 277, 289n. 321, 329. 350 
Boudinot, Elias (1740-1821), member of Con-
gress fro~ New jersey, President of ConM 
gress (Nov. 1782-Nov. 1783), 67, 1440, 152, 
196n 
-lett,ers from. calendared, 433. 443 
-letters to, 84-85, 142-44, 148-50: calenM 
dared, 4S1, 440 
Bomflers. MarieMFran~oiseMCatherine de BeauM 
veau, marquise de (1711-86). 293 
Bougainville. LouisMAntoine. comte de 
(1729-1811), chef d'cscadre, marechal de camp, 
'79 
BouilIe, Fran~ois--ClaudeMAmour, marquis de 
(1739-1800), L's cousin, governor of 
Guadeloupe and Windward Islands, 40. 5n 
Bourbon (now Reunion), 218, 220n 
Bourbon, LouisMHenriMjoseph.,duc de 
(1756- 1830).47 . 
Boylston, Thomas (1720?-gS). American merM 
chant: john Adams on. 357; and customs 
duties, 353n; and whale oil trade, $5on. 
356-57, 444: mentioned, 341n 
-letters to, 349-50, 352-53 
Brandywine, Battle of, 30n, 56n 
Index 
Brant, joseph (1742-1807), Mohawk Indian 
chief, 265, 319 
Brazil, 173 
Bred. (Breek), Samuel (1747-180g), !)l9, 353. 
354n 
-letter to. ca:1endared. 440 
Brest, France: and American supplies at, 27; 
American trade at, 19S: collection of stores 
at, 11; convoy from, 5, 9, lon, 23. 28n, 3l. 
56n, 74, 88n. 185; convoy to, 13n; and L's 
return to France. 262. 293; mentioned, 72. 
86 
Breteuil, LouisMAuguste Le Tonnelier. baron 
de (1730-1807), ministre d·Etat (178S). 220, 
222n 
Bridgen, Edward, of North Carolina. 210 
Brioude, France, 112, 117, 118 
British army: and departu.re for West :tndies. 
115; evacuation of, 18, 19, 28n, 30, 78, 115, 
128, Ison, 156; and final campaigns in 
America, So, 6S; inactivity of, 66; losses of, 
8; troops remaining in America after peace. 
125n 
British navy, 13, 22, 26, 66 
Brittany, France, 215: Estates of, 292, 293n 
Broglie (Broglio), CharlesMLouig..Victor, prince 
de (1756?-94), friend ofL. 5. 28n, 640, 67. 
429 
Broglie (Broglio), VictorMFran~ois, marechal 
duc de (171'8-1804), 5 
Brunswick, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, duke of 
(1735-1806), Prussian field marshal, nephew 
of Frederick II, 333 
Brunswick (now New Brunswick), N.]., 235 
Brussels (Bruxelles), Austrian Netherlands. 53 
Burgoing, jeanMFran~ois, chevalier de. French 
charge d'affaires in Spa~, 126, 167 
Burgundy. 295n: Estates (J)f, 48n 
Burke. Edmund (l729-9j), member of ParliaM 
ment, privy councillor.and paymaster of 
British forces, 44 ( 
Burnet (Burnett). Willi.am (1730-91), member 
of Congress, surgeon/general of Eastern DisM 
triet of Continental aimy, ilE, 116n 
Butler. Richard (1743#91), American brigadier 
genernl. appointed Indian commissioner in 
1784: and L, 264, 272. 273; and negotiations 
with Indians. 2;)1, 252. 254Il, 255. 257, 261.h 
26.5D: and report to Congress, 287n; menM 
tioned. 259 
-letter from, -calend?Xed, 438 
-letter to, 253-54 
Cabinda, Angola, 218n 
Cadiz (Cadix), Spain: American consul at, 229: 
French convoy at, 77: French..spanish expeM 
dition from, 119; L's arrival at, 75, 80. 432; 
mentioned, 81,82n. 83-88, 90,93,98, 104, 
119, 134n, 309, 338 
Cadran. M., 441 
-letter to, calendared, 442 
Cairo. Egypt, 312, S140 
Index 
Calais, France. 201n 
Calhoun, james. deputy quartermaster general. 
Maryland, 241n 
Calonne, CharlesMAlexandre de (1734-1802). 
French controller general of finances, apM 
pointed Nov. 1783. 181; and American flshM 
ing industry, 344ll: on American trade, 184. 
189,190, 19m; and commercial negotlaM 
tions, 182n. 183, 205n, 232n; on customs 
duties, 203, 204, 224-26; downfall of, 323, 
324n; and free ports for America, 182, 193, 
198,204, 222n; as keeper of seals, 231; L's 
discussions with. 352; replaces d'Ormesson, 
162, 165n; on tobacco monopoly, 351n: and 
whale oil trade, 319, 352, 353n, 356; menM 
tioned. 167, 176n, 184, 190, 192, ~~o, ~55n, 
356n 
-letters from, 178. 18~. 189-go. 203-4, 
225-26; calendared, 437, 443 
-letters to, 193-94, 198-200: calendared, 437 
Camden, Charles Pratt (1714-94), Lord ChanM 
cellor. 44, 157 
Campo, Bernardo, marqu6 del, Spanish minisM 
ter, first secretary to Floridablanca. 16, 94. 
96 
Canada: and American campaign plans, 84: 
British expedition from, 8; British trOOps in, 
71. 115: governor of, 258, 259; L hopes for 
campaign against, 3~3, 433; L's invasion of, 
85n, 86, 89, 91; and refugees, 63. 284, 285n; 
Washington plans tour of. 156; mentioned, 
248, 251 
Cape St. Mary, 75 
Caraman, MauriceMGabrielMjoseph de Riquet. 
chevalier de (later comte de), (1765-l837), 
L's traveling companion to America in 1784, 
227,245, 265n.~68,280, 286,310 
Carey, Matthew (1760-1839). publisher of Vol-
unteer Jcurn.al. 286, 28']ll. 2gB. 299n 
-letter to, calendared, 438 
Carleton. Sir Guy (Baron Dorchester) 
(1724-1808), lieutenant general, commander 
in chief of British forces in America 
(1781-83): on Americans, 195; and comM 
pliance with treaty, 130n, 142n; and fmal 
campaigns in America, 63; and prisoner ex~ 
change, 128, 139; and reconciliation efforts, 
46, 47n; mentioned, 128 
Cannichael (Carmichae1l). William (?-1795). 
secretary to American legation in Spain, 
charge d'affaires to Spain from 178S: and L, 
20n, 840, 86. 94, 96. 106, 229, 302n; Lon, 
S02; and negotiations, 98, 294; and rewgniM 
tion by Spain, 82n, 96. 98, 99, 104. 105, 
106n, 166, 167n; mentioned, 8. 20, 34, 76. 
86.87, 88n. 96,104, 310n, 3S8, 340n, 343. 
345n 
-letters to, 81-84. 126-27, 166-67,300-3°2; 
calendared, 440 
-letter to, from Morris, calendared, 431 
Carolinas. 19, 57, 304 
Carroll, Harriet Chew, friend of G. WashM 
ington, 121 
Castries. CharlesMEugcne..cabriel de La Croix., 
449 
marquis de (1727-1801), French minister of 
marine. 359; and commercial negotiations, 
189, 226; and Franklin. 13; and L. 9, 11, 23, 
262; on loss of MaJilda, 186n; as mediator. 
31'7!1; and Protestants. S22; and purchase of 
Ameri<?D naval supplies, S55n, 358. 360n, 
437.444: and requests for American goods. 
55,319: resignation of, 133, 146; and supply 
convoys, 27: mentioned, 5, Isn, 15, 42. 56n. 
124. 155, 167, 176n. 192, 255n, 293. 2g4, 
295n , 433 
-letters from, 226; calendared, 427, 433, 434. 
436• 437. 444 
-letter to, 358-60 
Catherine n (the Great) (1729-96), empress of 
Russia. 150n, 216 
Cayuga Indians, 251 
Censeur, Le, French frigate, 74 
Ceylon.39n 
Chardon, DaniclMMarcMAntoine (173<>-9S?), 
French commissioner for inspection of shipM 
ping. fishing, and maritime duties. 199. 
200n. 225-26 
Charles In (1716-88), king of Spain. 100; and 
final campaigns in America, 91; andjackM 
asses for Washington, 338; Lon, 20; L's 
reception with, 97. 98, 104; and relations 
with America, 86, 99, 101. 104. 167n; menM 
tioned, 15-17, 41n, 8S 
Charles Theodore (1724-99), elector of Palati~ 
nate and Bavaria. 304, 309, 31On, 319, 325 
Charleston (Charlestown), S.C,: and American 
campaign plans, 23. 27,31.32,49.72: BritM 
ish evacuation of, 9, 22-23. 28, 30, 61, 63, 
78, 7gn, 80, 115. 116n, 428, 432; British 
forces in, 4, 8, 19; honors L, 230; menM 
tioned. 133, 262, 327. 339 
Charleston Library Society, 230n, 439 
Charlus, ArmandMCharlesMAugustin de La 
Croix. de Castries. comte de (1756-1842). 
ccmmandant,..enMseccnd of gendarmerie, friend of 
L,4-5. 24,64, 229,293 
Chase (Chace). Samuel (1741-1811), Maryland 
delegate to Congress and agent in England 
(1783), 185, 186n 
Chastellux (Chartellux. Chattellux), Fran~oisM 
jean de Beauvoir, chevalier de (1734-88). 
martch.cJ. de camp, friend of Washington: JourM 
'YI.(u cited. 253; as messenger for Washington, 
125, 126n. 155, 157n; mentioned. 113, u6, 
125 
-letter from, to Franklin. calendared, 435 
Chaumont de la Milliere\ AntoineMLouis 
(1746-1803): letter to, calendared, 436 
Chavanaic. chevalier de, brotherMinMlaw of 
Mme de Chavaniac, Il7, u8n 
Chavaniac, LouiseMCHARLOrrE du Motier de 
Lafayette de, baronne de Montioloux 
(1729-1811), L's aunt, 117. 230, 292 
Chavaniac. Chateau de, L's birthplace in 
Auvergne: and Adrienne, 118, 262; and L. 
262,433; and peasants, u8n; mentioned. 
112, 117, 142, 144, 145, 230, 329 
Chesapeake Bay, 92, 358 
Choiseul, Etienne-Fran~ois, due de (1719-85), 
former French minister of foreign affairs. 
$20, 32m, 325 
Church, Angelica Schuyler (1756-1814), wife 
of john Barker, 200, 201, 317. 318n 
Church, john Barker (1748-1818), supplier of 
army commodities: business ventures of. 
155m and Hamilton, 317; and L.family por-
trait, 218n, 229, 23on; reports on British 
politics, 31S; as supplier to Rochambeau, 
194n; and trade in France, Ig3, 194, 20 In, 
434; as Wadsworth's business partner, 319n; 
mentioned, 201, 31Sn 
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quintus, 137n 
Clermont, France, 118 
Clinton. George (1739-1812), governor of 
New York, 336 
-letter from, calendared, 436 
Clinton, Henry (1738?-95), British commander 
in chief in America, governor of Limerick, 
127, 128n. 141. 142n 
-letter from, calendared, 433 
-letters to, 127-28 
Clinton, New jersey. 233n 
Cochran, Gertrude Schuyler (1724-1813:), wife 
of john, 317-18 
Cochran,john (173c-1807), director general 
of Medical Department of United States, 
317-18 
Coigny. Fran~ois-Marie-Casimir de Franquetot, 
marquis de, friend of L. 269 
College of New Jersey (now Princeton Univer-
sity), 224n 
Combahee Ferry, S.C., Battle of, 64n 
Commerce. See American commerce. 
Commissioners of Congress, letter to, 253-54 
Committee of Secret Correspondence, 124n 
Committee of the States, 223n, 242, 243n, 274 
Comtois (Cornu, called Comtois), L's valet, 262 
Condorcet, Marie.-jean-Antoine-Nicolas-Caritat, 
marquis de (1743-94): letter from, 299-300 
Congress. Sec Continental Congress. 
Connecticut: grants citizenship to L and son, 
269n, 438; and Indians. 267; and Pennsylva-
nia, 79, 267n; mentioned, 57, 440 
Constable, William (1752-1803). New York 
City merchant, partner of Robert Morris, 
:::18,354 
-letter to, calendared, 442 
Constantinople, treaty of commerce at, 150n 
Con:mental army: John Adams on, 122; Henry 
Clinton on, 127; condition of, 55; disbanding 
of, 159. 141, 176, 187. 188n, 191; and flnan~ 
cia! difflculties, 78. 7gn. 89, 114, 120, 1~ln, 
lS5, 136, 149, 150; and French, 9, 27, 62, 
84, 124Il; and Knox, 35411; Lon, 21, 71, 
154,187. 20g; L's attachment to, 202; and 
L's command in Virginia, 279n; and L's 
desire to r~oin, 27, 50, So, 6S; L's friend-
~hips in, 24; L's leave from, 68. 90n; L's light 
mfantry corps, Ion; L's service in, 185, 191; 
L's support for, 227; Livingston on, 66; and 
payment of soldiers, 196; and peacetime 
Index 
army, g2, 114, 281, 3::n; receives news of 
peace, 128; reduction of, 120, 135; and Soci~ 
ety of Cincinnati, 137, 158, 158n; and take-
over of New York, 195; treatment of. 164; 
Washington on, 116n, 120, Is6n, 139, 145. 
147n; Washington's support of, 162; men-
tioned, 74 
Continental Congress: and ability to raise 
funds, 304; accepts Franklin's resignation. 
441; and Adams. 15; adjournment of, 223D, 
255n; and appointments in Spain, 88n; ap-
points Adams to Great Britain, 3140; ap-
points Barclay to examine American 
accounts, 127n; appoints foreign commis,.,-
sioners, 267n, 301, 316n: appoints Knox se<:-
retary of war, 3'.1:2n; assembly of, 235, 238, 
440; and Austria, 347; and Barbary States, 
316n, 317n; and British proposals. 21; and 
Canadian refugees, 284; and capture of 
Tlrrce Friends, 215n; and Carleton, 47n; and 
communications with ministers abroad, 43; 
and commercial negotiations, 205n; and 
compliance with treaty, 130n; and conflict 
with states, 114, 165n, 267n, 295n, 338; and 
Continental army, 120, IS5; and disputes 
with Du Coudray, 1240; federal powers of, 
g2. 242, ::!4sn; and fmal campaign plans, 19, 
114; and fmal peace treaty, 148; and foreign 
relations. 105. 223; and France, 67n, 78, 
93n, 143, 182n, 224n; and funding difflcul-
ties, 4n, 70, 78, 116n, 130, 142n, 157, 167, 
267n, 2770; and gratitude to 1, 90n, 128, 
156,218, 219n; instructions on peace nego-
tiations, 39, 54; and instructions to Barry, 
Isn; and instructions to ministers abroad, 
14-17,34,81,84,122,275; and Jay's ap-
pointment, 314; joseph II questions Lon, 
349n; L's assistance to, 7, g, 66, 68, 98; and 
L's leave from army, 18;~1, 23, 37. 39, 62, 
68, 69n, 84, 91, 116n, 14J4Il; L's visit to, 263, 
266, 270, 275, 277; and ~urens' appoint-
ment, 54; location of, 195, 2g7, 302n; and 
Longchamps affair, :::g4~memorials to, 428; 
and Mullens' commissiqn, 197n; and negotia-
tions with Indians, 248~'251. 252, 254n, 255, 
257, 259, :::60, 287n; and orders for 
Houdon, 332, 336: a;itl payment of Canadi-
ans, 28sn; and payment of sOldiers, 121n. 
188n; and peace commissioners. 28n, 47n; 
and petitions for land. 427; presidency of, 
67; and prisoner excnange, 39, 40n, 128; 
ratifies provisional treaty with· Great Britain, 
130n; receives Dutch minister, 157n; and 
relations with L, 25, 29, 40, 42,45,69, 74Il, 
ag, go, 99, 102. 113, 123, 124. 132, 139, 142, 
143, 149, 150, 153, 164, 183-86, 192, 254. 
275,280-82, 284n, 285, 301,306, 3°7, 345, 
442; and Spain, 17n, 82, 102, 286,3°6; and 
site for American capital, 156, 162, 166, 184; 
and statue of Washington, 332n, 336n; and 
Steuben's resignation, 276n; temporary as-
sembly in New York, 299n; and trade reg-
ulations, 304, 332, 338, 344; and treaties of 
Index 
Continental Congress (cont.) 
amity and commerce, 2240; and war debt to 
Great Britain, 143. 144, 146; and Wash-
ington, 162, 165n, 195; Washington recom-
mends L to, u6; and western expansion, 
301, 338. 340n; and whale oil trade, 355: 
mentioned, 11, 30n, 47n, 48, 53, 72, 85n, 
88n, 96, 98, 101. 106, 121, 150n, 151, 1540, 
176n, 186n, Ig0, 196n, 197. 205, 207, 208, 
222,223,245,2840,294, 295n, 309,431 
-letters from: to Louis XVI, 282; calendared, 
439 
-letters to, 6-7, 84-85, 142-44, 148-50, 
284-85; calendared, 427, 428, 430, 43 1, 435, 
439; from Franklin, calendared, 437; from 
Robert Morris, 254-55 
Continental navy, 284 
Conway (Connway), Henry Seymour 
(1721-95), British general, commander in 
chief of British armies (March 1782-Dee. 
1783), 18, 19 
Conway, Thomas de (1733-1800), American 
major general, martchal de camp. 197, 208n 
Cork, Ireland, IS 
Cornwallis, Charles, marquess and earl 
(1738-1805), British lieutenant general, sec-
ond in command to Clinton: arrival in En-
gland, Ion; capture of, 68; and 
correspondence with Clinton, 127; and de-
feat at Yorktown, 127-28n; downfall of, 4: 
L's battle with, 342; parole of, 429; and 
rel~ from parole, 39, 40, 49; supposed 
capture of, 9; surrender of, 65; and visit to 
Prussia, 345, 349n 
Coste, Dr. jean-Franc;:ois. 442 
CO'l.tY7ier de l'Europe, French packet boat, 232n, 
'47 . 
Caumer de New York, French packet boat, 231, 
'3' Creutz, Gustaf Philip, greve (1731-85), Swed~ 
ish ambassador to France, 340 
C'reveeoeur, Michel~Guillaume St. john de 
(1735-1813), French consul at New York, 
286, 287n, 288,439 
Crimea (Krimee), Russian annexation of, 125n, 
133n, 146, 149, 165n 
Cumberland Island, Ga., 358 
Custine-Sarreck, Adam~Philippe, Comte de 
(174o-g3), marcchal de camp, 342 
Custis, Eleanor (Nelly) Calvert (1754-1811), 
wife of john Parke, 216 
Custis, Eleanor (Nellie) Parke (1779-1852), 
daughter of John Parke, 154, 164, 216, 237, 
238n, 325 
Custis, George Washington (Squire Tub) Parke 
(1781-1857), son of John Parke, 154, 216, 
237, 238n. 280, 325 
Custis,John Parke Gack) (1755-S1), aide-de-
camp to Washington at Yorktown, son of 
Martha Washington, 238n 
Damas, Roger de, brother to Mme de Sirniane, 
155,435 
45' 
Dana, Francis (1743-1811), American minister 
to Russia (1781-83), member of Congress 
from Massachusetts (1784), associate judge 
of Massachusetts Supreme Court (1785), 122 
Dandridge, Bartholomew (1737-85). Supreme 
Court justice, brother of Martha Wash-
ington, 339, 340n 
Dandridge, Frances (Fanny) (?-1785). step-
mother of Martha Washington, 339, 340n 
Danzig (Dantzick), Poland. 162, 165n 
Deane (Dean), Silas (1737-89), former Ameri-
can commissioner to France,S, 20n, 122, 
124n 
Declaration of Independence, 165, 16S 
De Grasse, Fran~ois-joseph~Paul, comte 
(1722-88), chef d'escadrc, commander of 
French West Indies fleet: and Caribbean de-
feat, 46, 48. 49, 68, 202, 430, 431; congratu-
lates L, 428; delivers treaty preliminaries to 
Vergennes, 56n; and French campaigns, 31; 
and L's campaign plans, 4gn 
-letter to, calendared, 428 
Delaware Bay, 640 
Delaware Falls, 156 
Delaware River, 301, 302n 
Demanche, L's servant, 238, 261 
Denrrwrk,38, 60. 315 
Deslon, Charles (1750-86), disciple of Anton 
. Mesmer, 220, 222n 
Desplaces,jean-Baptiste Machillot, L's valet, 
,6, 
Detroit (now in Mich.), 32,156 
Deux-Ponts, Charles-Auguste-Christian, duc de 
(1746-95), heir presumptive to Bavarian 
throne, nephew of Charles Theodore, 304, 
Sag,310n,319 
Dickinson, John (1732-1808), president of Su-
preme Executive Council of Delaware and 
Pennsylvania: letter from, calendared, 436; 
letters to, calendared, 433, 443 
Digby, Robert (1732-1815), British rear admi-
ral, 13n,47n, 128, 130n 
Digges, Thomas (1742-1821), native of Mary-
land and British agent,,,,19n, 34n 
Dillon, Edouard, comte de (1750-1S40?), colo-
nel of Regiment de Dillon under d'Estaing, 
179 
Dominica. West Indies, 76n 
Dorchester, S.C., 8n 
Dover, England, 216 
Draper, William (1721-87), lieutenant gover-
nor of Minorca, 22, 24n . 
Du Bouchet, Denis-jean-Florimand Langlois de 
Mautheville, marquis (1752-1826), major in 
French army, 436 
Dubuisson, Pierre-Ulrich (1746-94), 299, 300n 
Du Coudray, Philippc-Charles-jean~Baptiste 
Tronson (1738-77), engineer, major general 
in Continental army, 122, 124n 
Dunkirk, France: fees for American ships at, 
224. 225-26; as free POrt for America, 112, 
143, 148, 171, 183, 188-90, 192, 203, 204; 
and trade with America, 327 
Dunning, John Adams on, 38 
Du Plessis, ThotnaS>-Antoine, chevalier de 
Mauduit (1753-91);lieutenant colonel in 
Continental army, 207 
Dupont de Nemours, Pierre-Samuel 
(1739-1817), French controller general: let~ 
ter to, 327 
Duportail (Portail), Louis Le Begue de Presle 
(1743-1802), brigadier general of engineers, 
Continental army, 5, 195 
Durfott. Etienne~Narcisse, vicomte de 
(1753-1837), friend of L, 269 
Durfort, Mme de, 269 
East India Company, 38 
East Indies (East Indias), 5, 26, 33, 47, 61 
Edict of Nantes, Revocation of, 352n 
Eliot, James Edward (1758-97), Lord of Treas~ 
ury, friend of William Pitt, 157, 158 
Elizabeth River (Va.), 296 
Enabling Act, 47n, 49, 50n 
English Channel, 26, 31 
Estaing (Estaign), Charles--Hcnri~Th60dat, com~ 
te d' (1729-9,v, French vice admiral: ap-
pointed governor of Touraine, 127n; arrives 
in Paris, 97; dispatches news of peace to 
America, 85; and expedition against Savan-
, nah, 180n; and L, 76, 77, 86; promised 
governorship, 126; and Society of Cincinnati. 
179,205, 208n, 343; andSp~h. 76; and 
West Indies expedition, 65, 69n. 71n, 72, 77, 
79n, 84; mentioned,68,93,g8,2oo 
-letters from, calendared, 433 
-letters to, 97; calen9-ared, 432, 434 
Europe: and America, 299, 313: and Barbary 
States, 315-17; conflicts in, 306, 441; men-
tioned,272.300n,30g,311,312,329 
Ezra, L's servant, 238 
Faculte de Medicine, Universite de Paris, 222n 
Falkenhayn, M., de, 77 
Faneuil Hall, Boston, 333, 335n 
Farurung, Captain, 433 
Farmers General: and fees charged by, 193; 
and L, 353, '354: Lon, 351, 434; and obsta~ 
cles to American trade, Ill, 112, 113n, 170, 
171,189,350-51; and tobacco trade, 112n, 
155n, 194, 198, 35a-51, 35::eo; and whale oil 
trade, 353n 
Federal union: John Adams on. 122, 123; 
French view of, 150n: Joseph II questions L 
on, 349n; Knox on, 137; Lon, 85. 88, 92, 
139, 143, 149, 150, 154, 164, 188, 214, 235, 
243n, 266, 273, 277, 281, 304, 307,441; 
Livingston on, 130: Madison on, 311, 312: 
necessity of, 106; Paine on, 150n: Wash-
ington on, 343 
Fish, Nicholas (1758-1833), major, 2d New 
York Regiment. lieutenant colonel (1783). 
adjutant gcneral of New York (1784), 
317-18 ' 
Fishkill (Fishkills), N.Y .• 66, 136n, 137n, 285n 
Fitzgerald, John, former Continental lieutenant 
colonel, 337. 34on, 344 
Index 
Fitzherbert. Alleyne, British minister plenipo~ 
tentiary for negotiating peace with United 
States, 53, 136n 
Fitzroy, George Henry, earl of Euston (later 
4th duke of Grafton) (1760-1844), member 
of Parliament, friend of William Pitt, 157, 
158 
Flanders, France, 155. 293, 330 
Fleury, Ftan~ois~Louis Teissedre de (174g-?). 
former aide-de-.camp to L, 28411 
Flint River, Ga., 62n 
Flora, American merchant ship, 134 
Florida, 87. 88' , 
Floridablanca, Jose Monioo y Redondo, conde 
de (1728-1808). Spanish minister of finance, 
chief minister to Charles III: announces ap.-
pointment of minister to negotiate with 
Americans, 16: and French, 76; and igno-
rance of America, 104; and Jay, 15-17: L 
on, 166; and negotiations with L, 97. 98, 
102, 104, 105, 106n, 128, 139, 355; view of 
~erica, 98; mentioned. 17n, 83, 94. 97n. 
302. 344, 345n, 355n, 440 
-letters from, 101-2 
-letters to, 99-101 
Fontainebleau, France, 350-51 
Forster Freres, 215n 
Forth (Forsh), Nathaniel Parker. agent of Lord 
North to Paris peace negotiations, 17, 18n, 
FonJohnson, N.Y., 258 
Fort Lillo, 293, 295n 
Fort Schuyler (Fort Stanwix), N.Y.: L's visit to, 
252, 253, 438; and negotiations with Indians, 
241, 248, 260n, :::66, 272, 439; physical con-
dition of, 248; mentioned, 250, 260 
Forlu:ru:, La, French packet boat, 244n 
Fothergill,John (1712-80), 300 
Fox, Charles James (1749-'I806), leader of Op.-
position in Parliament, se{:retary of state for 
foreign affairs (1782), for{med coalition with 
North (April-Dec. 1783)~ on American inde-. 
pendence, 125n; and coalition with Lord 
North, 125n: downfall qf, 186n, 193n; Lon. 
25,44; as member of oppOsition. 216; and 
peace negotiations, 26'i37n, 44, 47ri; and 
return to power, i92:J?md Rockingham adM 
nUnistration, 25; Inentioned,35,36n, 209 
France: John Adams on, 203n; and advantages 
of American trade, 16g. 170,171, 173, 174, 
18S, 219: and alliance with America. S3, 
34n, 40,41n,44,46,47n, 55n, 61. 62n, 68. 
71,76, 79n, 81, 137, 168, 169, 174, 179, 
190n. 202, 204, 256-59, 272, 273, 281, 282, 
284n, 302, 313, 317n. 358; and alliance with 
America and Spain, 82; and alliance with 
America, Spain, and United Provinces, 32n: 
and alliance with Spain, 86; and alliance with 
United Provinces, 14-15, 353, 354n; and 
American canal plans, 297; American depenM 
dence ort, 78; American gratitude to, 70, 81; 
and Barbary States. 315, 317n; and claims 
against Britain, 38; and commerce with Indi-
ans, 256; and commercial relations with 
Index 
France (cant.) 
America, Ill. 112, 135n, 139, 140n, 143, 
144. 148, 167-75, 178, 182. 192,216.219, 
220n, 224, 240. 270, 289n, 332,350n, 351, 
355-57.360,428,435,439; and commercial 
relations with Great Britain, 136n; and com~ 
mercial relations with Spain, 101; and con-
cessions to American trade, 294, 295n, 30411, 
305,306.310,319,320, 322n, 34411, 352, 
353n, 354n, 355n, 357,437,440-43; and 
conspiracy against America, 12411: and decla-
ration of rights, 165n; and desire for fishing 
rights off Nova Scotia, 48n: and efforts to 
maintain peace, 162: and European disputes, 
293, 302, 305, 309, 318; and expedition 
against Cabinda. 218n; and final campaigns 
in America, 78, 429; Greene's commercial 
interests in, 134n; and Indians. 252, 260n, 
272; and internal difficulties, 133: and Ire--
land, 165n; Jefferson's journey to, 266; and 
joint expedition with Spain, 431; and Joseph 
II, 294; Lon. 159; L's arrival in, 4; L's 
influence in. 123, 241, 254; L's return to, 93, 
269, 329; L's service to, 232; and Long~ 
champs affair, 2440, 343; Madison on, 312; 
as Inediator, 242, 317n; and negotiations 
with England, 18n, 55n, 56n, 86; and obstaM 
des to American trade, 124, 140, 148. 150n, 
169-70, 171, 173, 175, 176n, 183, 189, 193, 
194, 198-200, 203-5. 209, 216. 225-26, 
240, 255',308n, 321n. 332, 436, 442~ pres-
tige of, 77; and Protestants, 322, 352. 442; 
and provincial governorships. 127n; and regM 
ular communications with America, 144, 
148,151, 160, 162. 166,229,318,322,324: 
and relations with America. 313: resources 
of. 304, 310; and rivalry with Great Britain. 
21g. 304; and Russian~Turkish dispute, 146, 
149, 151; Segur on. 51: and Society of Cin-
cinnati, 343; and Spain, 106, 306: and trade 
with colonies, 176n: and views on American 
alliance, 21; Washington's proposed visit to, 
24,93, 120, 164; mentioned, 5n, 6, 18,23, 
28, 38. 60, 62, 92, 96, 97, 132, 136. 155, 
158, 160, 187, 201, 215n, ::n6. 223, 262, 272, 
276, 280n, 2840. 285. 288, 28g. 2g8, 302n, 
309, 314n, 322n, 324 
Franklin, Bcnjamin (1706-90). American min-
ister to France (1778-85), commissioner to 
negotiate peace with Great Britain (1782), 
12, 221; John Adams on. 124n; and Am.eri~ 
can supplies, 27, 32n, 428; and animal mag-
netism, 220, 222n: and commercial 
negotiations, 149, 175, 183, 18g, 205n, 224n, 
226,227,294. 316n; and Congress. 7n. 43, 
66, 125, 148, 164, 223, 267n; and free ports, 
202: and French ministry, 53; and Grenville, 
45; illness of. 13n. 41n, 57, 192, 193n; in-
quires about Rayneval's trip, 56n; and L, 
69n, 151, 255, 282n; on L, 40n. 43n; L's 
assistance to, 6, 11, 15, 34, 122, 185, 429; L's 
displeasure with, 185, 192; as minister to 
France. 126n; as peace commissioner, 28n; 
and peace negotiations, 17-18,33:-36. 37n, 
453 
41n. 45, 55n, 59, 150n; and prisoner ex-
change. 39, 40n, 49, 428: replacement for, 
314; resignation of, 301, 302n, 441; retire-
ment of, 266; returns to America, 3'32, 336; 
on Society of Cincinnati. 209: on Spain, 37n: 
and Spanish bills of exchange, 17, 19, 20; 
and Swedish ambassador. 3411: and 
Veimerange. 13n; and Vergennes. 69, 7ln, 
139; and war debt to Great Britain, 143, 
144, 146: Washington on, 444; mentioned, 
9, lon, 18n, 25, 29, 36, 47, 48, 49n, 60n, 75, 
76, 80. 126, 130n. 136n, 144n, 147n, 15gn, 
176n, 183, 186n, 215, 221, 267, 277,439 
-letters frOIn. 57; calendared, 428-31 
-letters to, la-15, 39-43, 55-57, 59. 68-69, 
74-75, 131-32. 157-58, 167. 220-22, 
315-17: calendared, 427-37, 440-43 
Franklin, William Temple (1759?-1823), secre-
tary to and grandson of Benjamin: and L. 
88n. 332, 336, 432; and Society of Hannony. 
222; mentioned, 10, 11, 75, 159n, 267. 332n 
-letters to, 165: calendared, 433. 435, 437, 
440• 441, 443 
Frederick II (the Great) (1712-86). king or" 
Prussia: John Adams on, 38; and army ma~ 
neuvers, 349n; and Danzig, 162; and Euro~ 
pean dispute, 294; and Henry, 342n; Lon. 
90; L's visit to, 333, 342. 345; and Russian-
Turkish dispute, 151 
Fredericksl?urg, Va., 265 
Frederick William. II (1744-97), crown prince 
of Prussia: letter to, calendared, 443 
French aid to America: and advantages for 
French, 70; American hopes for, 60; Amcri~ 
can need of, 78; and American war debt to 
Great Britain, 144: for com.merci:al ventures. 
1$5n; difficulties in obtaining, 6, 9. 10, 15, 
18; L's efforts on behalf of, 7n. 8. 140, 27, 
30, 36, 61. 69, 70, 7ln, 87, 185. 202: limita~ 
tions of, 10n; and 6-million-livre loan. 15n. 
431 
French anny: in America, 3!>-32, 50. 62. 63, 
66. 68, 70. 114; departure from America. 
78. 79; and foreign orders. 176n; L's rank 
in, 69, 113, 123; and Society of Cincinnati. 
137n, 158, 176, 179, 187, 188n, Ig1. 202. 
205, 2,07n-8n; in West Indies, 84; men-
tioned, 201n 
French Guiana, 330n, 442 
French navy: and Battle of Saints. 46, 48n, 
67n; ¥s. British fleet, 22; departure from 
America, 70; and expeditions with Spanish, 
26; and final campaigns in America, 31, 49, 
68. 72, 91, 114; L's assessment of. 23; and 
L's campaign plans, 46, 66n; Livingston's 
assessment of. 67; and needed supplies, 33; 
and Society of Cincinnati, 178n, 179. 191, 
202, 207, 208n, 436, 437; in West Indies. 75, 
77, 88n; mentioned, 27 
Friesland, United Provinces. 17n 
Gallitzin (Gullitzin), Dmitri Alekseyevich, prin-
ce (1734-1803), Russian minister to The 
Hague. 25, :::6. 60 
454 
Gallitzin, Dmitri, II, prince (?-179S), Russian 
minister to Vienna. :nS, :nSn 
Galvez, ]os6 de, marques de Sonora (1729-86), 
Spanish minister of Indies from 1775, 105 
Ganiengahas. 251 
Gardoqui (Gardochy), Diego Marla de 
(1735-98), Spanish consul in London (178S), 
charge d'affaires in United States (1784). 
Spanish minister to United States, 126, 308n. 
335·443 
Gates. Horatio (1728-1So6), former major 
general in Continental army. president of 
Vrrginia Society of Cincinnati (1783), 28g, 
290n 
Gazette de France, 176, 179. ,180n 
Geary, Samuel: letter to, calendared, 443 
Gelderland (Guelderland), United Provinces. 
17n , 34D 
George III (1738-1820), king of Great Britain 
and Ireland: and John Adams, 333. 335n; 
dismisses Fox~North coalition, 19So; and 
efforts to undermine American sovereignty, 
46; and freeing of American slaves, 142n; 
and internal affairs, 211; irritation of, :nj L 
on, 44, 159; and peace negotiations. 47n, 61, 
67, 124: and recognition of American inde-
pendence. 45; and Shelburne, 44; and trade 
with America, 213n; mentioned. 19, 130n, 
'44 
Georgia, 57, 62n, 87. 156. 358 
Gerard de Rayneval, joseph-Matthias 
(1746-1812), first secretary, French foreign 
nUnllitry,55,56n.74,430 
-letter to, calendared, 436 
Germain (Germaine). George Sackville, Lord 
(1716-85), British secretary of state for 
American colonies in North administra-
tions, 9 
German Flats, N.y., 247, 253n, 254 
Germany: and commercial relations with 
America, 347: L's visit to, 330. 332, 333. 335, 
347.351.353,354,443; mentioned, 201 
Gerry, Elbridge (1744-1814), member of Con-
gress from Massachusetts: letters to, calen-
dared, 439, 440 
Gibraltar: British withdrawal from, 77; siege 
of. 22, 33, 34, 46, 61, 67. 72n, 75, 7gn, 428, 
431; Spanish cession of, 87; Spanish desire 
for, 39n 
Gillon, Alexander (1741-94). commodore, 
South Carolina naval forces, delegate to 
Congress (1784), 56n 
Gilpin, George, 337, 340n. 344 
Gimat (Gemat). Jean-joseph Sourbader, 
chevalier de (174S?-g2?), lieutenant colonel 
in Continental army. formerly L's aide-de_ 
camp. 113, 427. 433 
Gouvion.jean-Baptiste de (1747-92), colonel 
of Continental engineers, formerly L's aide: 
and French merchants. 327; and,Indians, 
:::60: and joseph II, 349n; and L, 114.437; 
Lon. 200: military career of, 201n; at 
Oneida Castle. 262; and Washington, 116n; 
Washington on, 135; mentioned, 5, 65, 72. 
Index 
74n, 115, 120. 136. 137, 183, 184, 190, 230, 
236, 262 
-letters to, calendared, 431 
Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3d duke of 
(1735-1811),44, 157, 158n 
Grandchain, Guillaume-jacques-Constant Lib-
erge. comte de (1744-1805). commander of 
frigate Nympke, 280 
Grant, Charles (1746-1823), member of Parlia-
ment and director of East India Company: 
letter from, calendared. 427 
Grattepain-Monzot, Jacques-Philippe, L's stew-
ard. 430, 441 
-letter to, calendared, 441 
Great Britain: and john Adams, 45. 301; and 
American canal plans, 297: American dis-
trust of, 70; and American sovereignty. 18, 
27. 32n, 33, 55n; and American war debt, 
144n, 314, lP5n. 320n; and Austrian 
Netherlands, 295n: and Barbary States. 
317n; and boundary settlements with AmerR 
ica, 102, 105; and commercial relations with 
America, 111-13. 124, 125n, 135n, 136n. 
148, 150n. 151, 166, 168-70, 173, 176n, 
193,194. 199.204.210, 211n, 212. 213, 244, 
270, 271n. 289n, 304, 305, 310, 333, 335n, 
338,351,356.357,434,435; and com· 
pliance with treaty, 130n, 141, 142n, 443; 
desperation of, 9, 26, 33, 427: and efforts to 
disrupt American alliances, 306, 345; and 
American campaigrls, 119, 428; FloridablanR 
ca on; 98; and France, 18n, 26. 56n, 147, 
169, 197n, 1981 219; and Indians, 252, 256, 
259. 265n, 272; and internal difficulties, 
24n, 25. 27, 29, 38, 43, 44. 46, 124, 141. 
142n, 146, 186n, 188. 192, 193, 201, 209, 
21.1.318,428.430,435,436: and Ireland. 
162, 165n, 166.216. 271P, 318, 319n, 323; L 
on, 43-48, 61, 82; L's reljl.tions with. 270; L's 
visit to, gon; and mistreatiment of prisoners, 
53; and Nova Scotia fishdries, 48n; and 
peace negotiations. 65, 79n, 132.427,434; 
and proposals for American reconciliation, 
5n; and Russia, 349n; a,pd recognitiC?n of 
American independenC:e, 59, 60, 82; and 
relati~::ms with Americaj 87. 9Sn, 97, 141, 
164,242,258,259,397.311,318,440;and 
Spain, 26. 101. 166, 302; and Russian-TurkR 
ish dispUte, 146, 149. 151; Segur on, 51; as 
threat to America, 88, 89, 99: and Wash-
ington, 106; Washington on, 63: and West 
Indies campaigns, 28n; mentioned, 4, lon, 
22,28, 56n, 67, 68. 89, 98, 121n,. 132, 159, 
165,201, 215n, 223, 302n, 322. 329 
Great Grasshopper, Indian chief, 249, 251, 
253n 
Great Lakes. 156, 248 
Greene, Catherine (Kitty) Littlefield 
(1755-1814), wife of Nathanael. 304 
Greene, George Washington (1775?-93), son 
of Nathanael, 302, 304Il, 317, 322, 441, 442 
Greene, Griffm (1749-1804), cousin of 
Nathanael, 133, 134n, 436, 440 
Greene (Green), Nathanael (1742-86), AmeriR 
I 
Index 
Greene. Nathanael (cont.) 
can major general, cODfmander in chief o.f 
Southern department: and agreements With 
British. 78; as commander of American 
forces, 29, 122; and commercial ventures in 
France, 355. 358, 360n; at Dorchester, 8; 
and estimate of British forces in New York, 
115. 116n; and French purchase of naval 
supplies, 441; and L, 134n, 186, 262; and 
purchase of American naval supplies, 444: 
sends son to France, ~)l7. 322; mentioned, 
24. 310n, 318n 
-letters from. 133-34; calendared, 435, 436, 
44' 
-letters to, 302-5; calendared, 432, 434, 
440-42, 444 
Grenville, Thomas (1755-1846), member of 
Parliament, peace emissary (1782), 35, 4lU, 
430; and peace negotiations. 37n, 40, 45. 47, 
50: mentioned. 35. 36n. 49 
Gribeauval,Jean·Baptiste Vaguette de 
(1715-89), lieutenant general and com-
mander of French artillery, 328 
Guadeloupe, West Indies. 76n 
Guichen. Luc~Urbain de Boucxic, comte de 
(1712-90), lieutenant general in French 
navy, 13, 23 
Hague, The, United Provinces, 25. 26, 33, 59. 
211-12, 223, 302 
Haldimand, Frederick (171S-g1), governor of 
Canada, 258. 259 
Halifax (Hallifax), Nova Scotia, 63, 115 
Hamilton, Alexander (1757-1804). former 
aide..de--ca.m.p to Washington, member of 
Congress from New York (1782-83): and L, 
90. 125,317: as member of Congress, 431; 
as member of Washington's staff, 240; and 
Miranda, 3240; and New York Society for 
Promoting the Manumission of Slaves, 336n; 
mentioned, 24. 28n, 130, 263. 287n 
-letter from, calendared, 431 
-letters to, 263-64, 275-76, 317-18; calen-
dared, 429, 430 
Hamilton. Angelica (1784-1857), daughter of 
PJcxander, 263, 264n, 276, 318 
Hamilton, Elizabeth (Betsy) Schuyler 
(1757-1854), wife of Alexander. 263, 276. 
3'S 
Hamilton, Philip (1782-1801), son of Alex· 
ander, 276, S18 
Hanson, john (1721-83). member of Congress 
from Maryland. president of Congress (Nov. 
1781-Nov. 1782): letters to, 6-7; calen-
dared. 427, 428, 430 
Harmar (Herman), josiah (1753-1813), brevet 
colonel, 1st U.s. regiment (1783), carrier of 
ratification of definitive treaty of peace to 
France (1784). Indian agent for northwest 
territory (1785),223,2240,437 
Harrison, Benjamin (1726?-91), governor of 
Virginia (1782-84), 196, 286, 287n, 332n 
-letter to. calendared., 439 
Harrison. Richard (1750-1841). American con-
455 
sui at Cadiz: and jackasses for Washington, 
298, 338; as jay's replacement. 87; and L. 
86, Lon, 87; 88n, 8g, 229; mentioned, 167. 
299n.302 
Harrison, Robert Hanson (1745-90), American 
lieutenant colonel. Washington'S military sec· 
retary, 76, 90 
Hartford, Conn.: L's visit to. 264, 265, 268. 
~69n; and relations with L, 353; mentioned, 
66, 261, ~66, 267. 269, 438 
Hartley (Hartlay), David (1732-1813), member 
of Parliament, British commissioner for 
peace negotiations (1782): arrives in Paris, 
124, 126; and commercial negotiations, 
136n; L suggests contact with, 18n; and 
peace negotiations, 1~5n, 132n. lS6, 150n; 
proposes withdrawal of British troops. 130n: 
mentioned, 18 
Havana (Havanna), Cuba, 76 
Henin. Adela'ide--F<:licitb-Etiennctte Guignot de 
Monconseil, princesse d' (1750-1824), friend 
ofL,293 
Henry (1726-1802), prince of Prussia. brother 
of Frederick. II, 333, 340, 341, 342 
Henry, Patrick (1736-99), governor of Vir-
ginia (1784-86). 286, 314, 328n, 441 
-letter from, calendared. 441 
-letters to, 305-6, 328; calendared. 442 
Herkimer, N.Y .• 253n, 254n 
Hermione, French frigate. 23. 640, 4~8 
Herries. Sir Robert. 352n 
Hill, David, 260n 
Hispaniola, West Indies, 77n 
Holland, Province of, 17n 
Hood, Samuel, 1st viscount (1724-1816), Brit· 
ish rear admiral, second in command to 
Rodney in West Indies, 13n, 22 
Hooe, Robert Townsend. colonel, 298 
Houdon, jean-Antoine (1741-18:::8), French 
sculptor: and bust of Washington, 332n, 336, 
357, 358n; L's introduction of, 331, 443; and 
success in America. 444 
House, Mary, 242. 272, 274 
House of Commons, 19, 107n, 125n, 130n. 192 
House of LorOs, 21sn 
Howe, Richard. Viscount Langar (1726-99), 
British admiral, commander at Gibraltar, 
First Lord of Admiralty (1783),74. 75n 
Hubert. L's servant, 238 
Hudson (North) River, ~60, 262 
Humphreys, David (1752-1818). American 
captain, Washington's personal aide 
(1783-84), secretary to American legation in 
France (1784), 277n, 347, 349n 
-letter to, 276-77 
Hunter, James. Vrrginia munitions manufac-
turer. 133, 13400 
Hunter, john, London merchant, 340n 
Huron Indians, 258, 260 
Illinois River, 156 
India: Dutch ports in, 39n; and French, lon, 
'lsn. 32; and trade with A"merica, 219: men~ 
. tioned, 219 
Indian Ocean, 220n 
Indians: and affection for L, 252, 259, 260; 
and American Revolution, 250; appearance 
of, 252, 253; and attacks against settlements, 
252, 266, 301, 440; Barbe de Marbois on, 
248, 249; and France, 256, 260n, 270, 327: 
and hostilities with America, 433; L's influ· 
ence with. 243, 253, 254n, 260, :::64. :::66. 
267, 270, 272, 273, 438; L's relations with, 
245-53,255-60, :::63, 286. 342n;and peace 
negotiations, 255, 258. :::63: and proficiency 
in French, 251; Washington's view of, :::65n 
Ireland: anq America, 169, 17°,357; and 
France, 165n, 172: and England, 162, 165n, 
166,216, :::710. 318, 319n, 323; L's interest 
in, 200, 323n; Ip,entioned, 2U, 287n. 298, 
322, 329 
Irish Parliament. 218n, 319n 
Irish Volunteer Association, 162. 165n, 166, 
167n: andL, 270, 271n, 286 
Iroquois Indi.ans, 260. 262; 267. 268, 272 
Irvine, William (1741-1804), Continental brigw 
adier general, 234 
Isle de France (now Mauritius), 218, 220n 
Issoire, France, 118 
Italy, 309, 347 
Jamaica, 26, 49, 65n, 213 
James River, 296, 301, 337 
James River Company: establishment of, 298n, 
315n. 344; Washington on, 295-99; Wash-
ington's role in, 337, 3450: Washington's 
stock in, ·296, 299n 
Jarnac, Caston-Louis, comte de (1758-1818), 
French soldier wounded at Yorktown: letter 
to, calendared. 428 
Jay,James (1732-1814), physician, member of 
New York Senate (1778-82), elder brother 
of John, 134, 135n 
Jay, John (1745-1829), American minister to 
Spain, peace commissioner in Paris (1782). 
secretary of foreign affairs (1784), 95; ar-. 
rives in France, 42, 45, 429; and Barbary 
States. 316n; and commercial negotiations, 
149, 224n, 255n; and Congress, 66, 148, 
164; and Franklin, 37n; and French minis· 
try, 53; in. Great Bcitain, 188, 192; and 
Harrison, 87; health of, 80, 166; and 1., 43n, 
55, 56n, 69n, 105, 121, 151, 185, 192, 218n, 
227, 248n, 427; as minister of foreign af-
fairs, 227; 3Jld New York Society for Pro-
moting the Manumission of Slaves, 336n; 
and peace negotiations, 28n, 37, 41n, 54, 
55n, 59, 150n, 317n; returns to America, 
127n, 216, 223; as secretary for foreign af· 
fairs, 263, 264, 285, 287n, 301, 302n, 306, 
~P4O; on slavery, 336; on Society of Cincin~ 
nati, 2ag; and Spain. 16, 17n, 20, 26, 46, 61, 
62n, 80, 87, 96, 98, 99, 1°5, 106, 126, 143; 
and trip to England, 164; and Vergennes, 
139,215; and war debt to Great Britain, 
143,144,146; mentioned, 8n, lon, 18,47. 
48, 56n, 74, 75n, .a5, lOIn, 102:p., 130n, 
136n, 144n, 147n, 159n, 236n, 287n, 305n, 
Index 
306n, 308n, 310n, 320n, 321, 322,323n, 
349n, 355n, 432 
-letters from. 79-80; calendared, 4Z7, 
430-32,434,437,439,44°.443.444; to 
Adrienne de Lafayette. calendared, 443 
-letters to, 7-8, 19-20. 33-34, 68-6g, 75-77, 
94-97, 131-32, 263, 282-84, 293-95. 
335-36; cUendared, 430 , 434-S7, 439, 
441-43; from Morris. calendared, 431 
Jay. Sarah (Sally) Van Brugh Livingston 
(1756-1802), wife of John: and L, 235, 430. 
.432; mentioned, 8, 20, 34, 76, 80. 96, 236n, 
263, 295, 336 
--:-letters to, calendared. 430, 432 
Jefferson, Martha.cPatsy) (1772':'1836), daugh~ 
terofThomas, 242, 267, 274 . 
Jefferson. Thomas (1743-1826). American 
peace commissioner in Paris (1782), minister 
to France from May 1785: appointed peace 
commissioner, 28n; and commercial negotlaw 
tion~ 205n, 224n, 227, 267n, 294, 316n, 
349n, 350n, 353, 358n; commissions bust of 
Washington, 332n; departs for France, 276; 
and Farmers General, 350-51; and Henry's 
request for arms, 328n; illness of, 310; and 
Madison, 310n; on L, 2740; Lon,. 355; as 
minister to France, 126n, z85, 301. 302n; 
Notes on the State of Virginia, 348; and tobacco 
monopoly, 351n: and whale oil trade, 355; 
mentioned. 244n, 277, 315n, 320, 328, 333. 
338,34on, 349n 
-letter from, calendared. 444 
-letters to. 226-67, 315-17, 345-49; calen~ 
dared, 440; from Madison, 241-43, 271-74 
Johnson, Thomas (1732-1819), member of 
Congress from Maryland, 337, 340n, 344 
Joly de Fleury,Jean~Fran<;ois (1718-180:::), 
French controller general of finances (May 
1781-March 1783), 112, 113n, 1'24. 125n 
-letter to, 110-12 
Jordan, Nicholas, 253n 
Joseph II (1741-9°), king of Germany and 
Holy Roman emperor, 334; John Adams on, 
38; and America, 347; and Bavaria, 304, 
3°5,3°9, 310n, 325; as 'king of Romans, 
319: and L, 333, 347'J349n; and Morocco, 
316; and peace negoqations, 132; and Rus~ 
sian·Turkish dispute,~:133' 143, 146. 151, 
162; travels of, 192; and United Provinces, 
293, 295n; mention~d, 147n 
Kanawha (Kanhawa) River,_Va. (now W. Va.), 
296 
:KaramanJi, Ali, pasha of Tripoli. 316 
Kaunitz-Rietberg, Wenzel Anton, prince von 
(1711-94). Austrian chancellor, 347 
Kentucky. 287, 298, 309, 339 
Kirkland (Courtland), Samuel (1744-1808), 
missionary to Indians, 248, 253, 254n, 272, 
319,320n 
Knox, Henry (1749?-1806), American brigw 
adier general, commissioner to arrange cx· 
change of prisoners with British, founder of 
Soci~ty of Cmcinnati, secretary of war from 
:! 
Index 
Knox. Henry (cont.) .' 
1785, 138; as commander m ehlef, 188n; 
and L, 137, 187, 276, 322, 329.435,439: 
and Miranda, 324n; retirement of. 354n; 
and Society of Cincinnati, 137n! 34.3; as secw 
retary of war, 321, 322n; mentloned, 24, 
28n. 141. 142n, 336n. 354 
-letters from, 137; calendared, 435 
-letters to, 186-88, 321-22, 329-30; calen~ 
dared, 429. 439,440 
Knox, Henry (Harry) Jackson (1780-1832). 
son of Henry, L's godson, 137, 188, 322n, 
33°,439 
Knox, Lucy Flucker (1776-1854), daughter of 
Henry, 188'. 322, 330 . 
Knox, Lucy Flucker (1756-1824), wife of Hen~ 
ry, 137, 188,322,330 
Knox, william (Billy),Jr. (175$-g5), brother of 
Henry: in Europe, 13'70; health of, 187, 329; 
and L, 322, 329; mentioned, 188n 
Lafayette. ANASTASIEwLouisewPauline du 
Motier de (1777-1863)' L's daughter: 
growth of, 8; L's affection for, 231. 236• 
262; and letter to Washington, 237, 239; 
portrait of, :216, 339, 340n; taught to revere 
Washington, 50; Washington's letter to, 440; 
mentioned. 28, 117, u8. 121, 125, 133, 136, 
142, 154, 164, 192, 196, 208, 230, 237, 238n, 
262,280,290• 293,325,333,337,356 
Lafayette, GEORGE.Washington~LouiswGilbert 
du Motier de (1779-1849), L's son: and 
Connecticut citizenship, 269n, 438; educa~ 
tion of, 304n, 317, 322, 439, 442; growth of, 
8; inoculation of, 132, 13SD, 157; L's affec-
tion for, 231, 236, 262; and Maryland cit~ 
izenship, 290; portrait of, 216, 339, 340n; 
and Washington, 28n, 50, 91; mentioned, 
lon, 28, 64, 117, 118, 121. 125, 133, 136, 
142, 154, 164. 192, 196, 208, 230, 237, 280, 
29°,293,325.333,337,356 
Lafayette. James Armistead (ca. 1759-183°). 
black spy, 278, 279n 
Lafayette, Marguerite-MADELEINE de (Mile du 
Motier) (?-1783), L's aunt, 97,117, 118n 
Lafayette, MariewADRlENN:£~Fran<;oise de . 
Noallles, marquise de (1759-18°7), L's wife: 
and birth of Vrrginie, 57, u3; health. of, 
457 
434,437,438,443; from Jay, calendared, 
443 
Lafayette, Marie-Antoinette-VIRCINIE du 
Moder de (1782-1849), L's daughter: birth 
of, 57, U3, 430. 431: L's affection for, 23 1, 
'236,262; portrait of, 216, 339, 3400: men· 
tioned, 117, 118, 121, 125. 133. 136, 142 , 
154, 164, 192. 196, 208, 230, 237, 280, 290. 
293, 325, 337 
Lafayette. Marie-Joseph.PaulwYvesw 
Roch~GILB:£RT du Moner, marquis de 
(1757-1834), ii, 278, 
CHARACTER 
-assessments of: by John Adams, 122-23; by 
Barrett, 358n; by Congress. 282; by Frankw 
lin, 7n, 40n. 43n; by French Masons, 4 1-42; 
by Jay. 43n; by Madison, 241, 273-'74: by 
Morris. 254-55: by Nobles of Langeac, 
147-48; by officers of Pennsylvania Line, 
233-34; by Pennsylvania State Assembly, 
438: by Ridley, 56n 
-attitudes: toward Bancroft. 132""33; toward 
British, 24-:% 29. 53, 61, 72, 159, 333,427, 
430, 433; toward Castries, 11; toward De 
Grasse's defeat, 48-49, 68, 430, 431: toward 
diplomacy, 50; toward Farmers General, 
112,232,350,351; toward George III, 21, 
44, 333; toward Irish, 166, 270-71n, 286, 
323; toward La Luzerne, 69; toward Long-
champs affair, 244. 294; toward Louis XVI, 
7, 21, 36; toward Marie-Antoinette, 4; to~ 
ward Mississippi navigation, 286, 301, 306• 
309; toward O'Reilly, 76, 77; toward rew 
publicanism, 201, 295n, 333; toward Rock~ 
ingham, 44; toward Schuyler, 125; toward 
Shakers, 260; toward Shelburne. 44; toward 
slave emanicipation, 91-92, 273-74, 317-18, 
329-3°, 336, 443; toward Society of Cincin~ 
nati, 176, 179-80, 185, 191,201-2, ':.:07, 
209,227; toward Spanish, 20,61.72,86-87, 
106, 308; toward strong federal union, 85, 
88-89, 143, 149-50, 164. 188,214,266, 
277,280-81,304,3°8,335,441; toward 
Vergennes, 21; 
-interest in American flora, 287-88; requests 
copy of Declaration of Independence, 165; 
and use of classical allusions, 55,106 
MILITARY CAREER 
-American service: desires campaign to retake 
Charleston, 27, 31-32, 46, 48-49; desires 
campaign to retake New York, 31-32, 46, 
48-49, 65; desires to command light infan~ 
try, 23; desires to serve in field, 50 
118; and Humphreys, 277n; and Jeffersons. 
267; and W. Knox, 330; L's affection for, 
227,23°,231,235,236.238,293; L's COOOw 
missions for, 230; and Laurens, 29,53; and 
d'Ormesson, 125n; portrait of, 216, 339. 
34on; pregnancy of, 50; and spinning mill in 
Auvergne, 118n; and Washington, 237, 436; 
Wllberforce on, 159n; mentioned, 5, 10, 23, 
28,64,65,76,79, 90n, 93. 96,117,121, 
125, 133. 136, 137, 142, 146, 154, 155, 157. 
161, 164, 188, 192, 196,208,211, 218n, 280, 
29°,295, 3OO,302n, 325, 333, 337, 356 
-letters from. to Franklin, calendared, 437 
_French service: and expedition to West In-
dies, 65, 72, 84-85, 431. 432; promoted to 
mar€cha1. de camp. 131, rank in, 65; recom-
mended for Cross of St. Louis, 131 
PRIVATE LIFE 
-letters to. 117-18, 226-27, 229-30, 231• 
235-38, 260-62, 292-93: calendared, 433, 
-family: children. 56-57, 230, 293, 430; wife, 
226-27,229-31,293,437 
Lafayette: private life (cont.) 
-friendships: with Castries, 23; French, 155. 
268-69; with Hamilton, 263: with 
Humphreys. 276-77; with Jefferson, 
266-67; with Knox, 187.321,329-30; with 
Laurens, 28, 30n, 53; with R. H. Lee, 306; 
with Livingston, 88; with Madison, 285; with 
MarieMAntoinette, 4: with Wadsworth, 
154-55: with Washington, 10, 90,-93, 145, 
151-54, 192, 208, 327; 
-health, 231, 235: desires to establish public 
granary, ll7-18: interest in mesmerism, 
216,220-22,260: invites Washington to visit 
France, 153-54; servants, 238, 261 
ROLE IN AMERICA 
-advice on ways to preserve good relations 
between France and America, g; desires to 
carry ratified treaty to England. 89, 92-93; 
efforts to obtain arms, 11; efforts to promote 
FrenchMAmerican trade, 240-41. 244; 
-honored: by Connecticut. 268-69,438; by 
Maryland, 290; by New York City. 244; by 
Rhode Island, 439 
-mediates with Indians, 245-52, 255-60, 
263-64. 272-73: motives for participating in 
American Revolution, 214; relations with 
Congress, 90n, 143.280-81; supports AmerM 
ican neutrality, 188; supports pay of ContiM • 
nental troops. 89. 149-50. 164; supports 
presidency of Washington, 89: Virginia au-
thorizes bust of, 153, 286; 
-visit to America, 124. 132, 164, 186, 187. 
192, 207. 216. 233-90; Albany, 263-65; Bal-
timore, 240-41; Boston, 235, 275-76, 288, 
438; Hartford, 266-70. 438; Mount Vernon, 
235, 237-38, 438; New York, 275, 285-89; 
Philadelphia, 235; Portsmouth. 276-77: 
Trenton. 235, 280-85; Virginia. 265 
ROLE IN EUR.OPE 
-advice on cruise of Alliance, 11; advises 
Americans on Barbary StIltes, 315-16; de-
sires to represent France at peace negotia-
tions, 75; discusses U.s. with Austrians, 347; 
discusses U.S. with Prussians. 105. 345 
-efforts: to obtaiD arms for Virginia, 328; to 
obtain clothing, ll; to obtain French aid fOr 
America, 9, 22, 30-32, 45, 68-69; to obtain 
loans and monetary aid, 9, :n. 76; to pro-
mote French-American trade, 111-13. 124, 
134-35, 139-40, 143, 148-49, 150n, 164, 
167-75, 178, 182-84, 190, 192-94, 
198-200,203-5,232,294,319-20,321n, 
327,332,349-50,351-55,358-60.428, 
433-37, 440-44 
-informs Congress of peace, 84-85; interest 
in education of Americans in France, 317, 
322,439,441; intermediary between Frank~ 
lin and French government. 6;' ll, 13, 15, 
17-18,34,40-41,54-55, 6g-71, 428; nego-
tiations with Floridablanca, 83, 86, 98-102. 
104-5, 166; supports religious freedom, 322, 
351, 422 
Index 
Lafayette. Marie-Louise.-julie de La Riviere, 
marquise de (1737-70), L's mother, 321 
Lafayette, MichelMLouisMChristophe-
Roch~GlUIERT du Motier. marquis de 
(1732-59), L's father, 321 
La Fleche, France, 226 
Lake Erie, 62n 
Lake Huron, 62n 
Lake Michigan, 156 
La Luzerne, Anne~Cesar, chevalier de 
(1741-91), French minister to America 
(1778-83); and assessment of American mili~ 
tary prospects, 71n; and Congress, 244; dig.. 
patches from, 13; and Great Grasshopper, 
249.251, 253n; L makes loan to former 
servant of, 236; mentioned, 7. 9, 21, 69, 71, 
113, 232, 280n 
-letter from, calendared, 429 
-letter from, calendared, 429 
La Marek, Marie-Fran~oise~Augustine-Ursule 
Le Danois de Cernay. comtesse de (Comtesse 
Auguste) (1757-1810), friend of L, 236 
Lameth, CharlesMMalo-Fran~ois, comte de 
(1757-1832), aide-de-a.mp to Rochambeau, 
friend of L, 205, 208n 
Lameth, Theodore, chevalier de (1756-1854), 
French army officer, z8n, 428, 430 
La Motte~Picquet. See Picquet de La Motte. 
La Neuville. Louis-PietTe Penot Lombart, 
chevalier de (1744-?), former colonel in 
Continental army, 428 
Langeac, France, 117, 147-48 
La PerOuse, Jean-Fran~ois de Galaup. comte de 
(1741-88). capitainc de vaisseau, French navy, 
207,331 
La Rivicre, JOSEPH~YVes-ThibaultMHiacinthe, 
marquis de (?-1770?), L's maternal grandM 
father, 293n 
La Rochelle, France. 327,1358 
Lastic. M. de, 262 / 
Latouche, Louis-Rene-M..;deleine, comte de 
(later known as Le Vas,sOr, comte de 
Latouche-Treville) (1745-1804), capitai:ru: de 
vaisseau, commander 6f L'Aigle (1782), 64n, 
'l.07 " 
Laumoy, Jean-Baptiste;!Joseph, chevalier de 
(1750-1832), colonel of engineers in Conti-
nental army (1777-83). 437 
Laurens, Henry (1724-92), American peace 
commissioner in Paris (1782), 52; John 
Adams on, 37n; arrives in Paris, 124. 126~ 
capture and imprisonment of, 28n. 2g; and 
commercial negotiations with Great Britain, 
125n; and Congress, 30n. 164; in Great Brit-
ain, 164, 166, 188. 192; ill health of, 53, 54n, 
141,210.212,435; and L, 122, 142n, 185, 
192, 430; L's assessment of. 29; parole of, 
28, 29; as peace commissioner, 28. 340, 37n; 
returns to America, 45, 223; mentioned, 76, 
132n 
-letters from, 210-13; calendared, 430, 433, 
434,436 
-letters to, 28-30, 53-54, 131-32, 141-42; 
cliendared. 430, 434 
Index 
Laurens, Henry. Jr. (1763-1821), 29, 30n, 53, 
54n, 142,212 
Laurens, John (1754-82), American lieutenant 
colonel, son of Henry, 29, 3on, 53, 54D; 
death of, 64, 431 
Laurens, Martha (1759-18ll), daughter of 
Henry. 142, 211 
Lauzun (Lauzen). Armand-Louis de Gontaut, 
due de (1747-93), colonel in French army, 
24,64 
Laval, Anne-Alexandre-Maric-Sulpice:.Joseph 
de Montmorency, marquis de (1767-1826), 
64n 
La Vauguyon, Paul-Fran~ois de Quelen de 
Stuer de Caussade, duc de (1746-1828), 
French ambassador to The Hague. 17, 26, 
60,309 
Le Brigant, jacques (1720-1804). philologist; 
letter to, calendared, 429 
Le Brun, L's servant. 238, 261, 262, 293 
Le Couteulx (Couteux), Mme, 360 
Le Couteulx (Couteux) de Cantelu, Jean-BarM 
tMlemy (1746?-1818). 357 
Lee, Arthur (1740-92), American peace com-
missioner to Indians: and Indians, 251, 252, 
254%1, 255. 257, 263, 265n; and 1.. 254n, 
260, 263, 264, 273; and report to Congress, 
287n; mentioned, 259, 307 ' 
-letter from, calendared, 438 
-letter to. 253-54 
Lee. Charles (1731-82). American major genM 
eral. retired jan, 1780.64,202, 203n 
Lee. LU?-'I;I'e1l (1760-1836), son of Richard 
Henry, 307. 308n 
Lee, Richard Henry (1732-94), delegate to 
Virginia Assembly (1780-84), president of 
Congress (Nov, 1784-Nov. 1785), 307; on 
American commerce, 308n; and L, 282, 306; 
mentioned. 2gB, 2990, 308n. 315n 
-letters from, calendared, 439. 442, 444 
-letters to, 284-85, 306-8; calendared, 439 
Lee, Thomas Sim (1745-1819). governor of 
Maryland (1779-83), member of Congress 
(1783-84),337, 34on, 344 . 
Leeds. Francis Goldolphin Osborne, 5th duke 
of (1751-99) (marquis of Carmarthen), Brit-
ish secretary of state for foreign affairs, 97 
Le Havre, France, Ig8, 324, 349 
Le HU'l'cn, French play, 34? 
Le Maire, Jacques: letter from, calendared, 440 
L'Enfant, Pierre-Charles (1754-1825), architect 
and engineer. appointed major in Continen-
tal army (1783): as L's messenger, 2og; re~ 
turns to America, 205; and Society of 
Cincinnati, 158. 176. 178n, 179, 191 
-letter from, calendared, 444 
Le Vache Le Brun, Jean. 186n 
Le Vache Le Brun, Mme, 185 
Liege, Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium), 
'96 
Lincoln, Benjamin (1733-1810), American ma~ 
jor general, secretary of war, 28n, 39, 49 
-letters to, calendared, 429, 430 
Linguet, Simon~Nicolag...Henri (1736-s4), 215n 
-letters to, :u4-15: calendared, 4So, 437 
Lislaval, France, 434 
459 
Littlepage, Lewis (17'62-1802), member of ex-
pedition against Minorca and Gibralt:ir, 96, 
u~6. 159n, 166, 229 
Livingston, Mary (polly) Stevens (?-1814), wife 
of Robert, 90 
Livingston, (Lewingston), Robert R. 
(1746-1813), American secretary of foreign 
affairs untiIJune 178S, chancellor of state of 
New York, 129; on French advantages in 
America, 36; and L. 93n; 130, 136. 156; and 
official cipher, 298, 299n; and requests for 
French aid, 36: resignation of, 141, 142n, 
ISS: and unwillingness to serve abroad, 442; 
mentioned, 7n, 14-15, 22. 240, 27, 28n, 
.fgn, 48, 49n, .50n, 60n. 71n, 82n, 84, 91. 92, 
96. 97n. lOIn, 113, 116n, <.121n, 136n. lS9. 
167n, 336. 336n 
-letters from, 66-67, 78-79. 128-31; calen~ 
dared. 427.430. 438,442 
-letters to, 20-21,43-48.86-90, 102-7; cal~ 
endared,427.428,430-33,439 
London. England. 9, '21,26,34,38.106, 112D, 
157. 158n, 159, 166, 171, 187, 192,210,212, 
329, 333, 339 
Lcnd.cn Gautte, 213 
Longchamps, Charles-julien: and Barbe de 
Marbois, 244n, 274. 295n; and extradition 
proceedings, 323. 324%1, 343; Lon, 2440, 
294,321; mentioned, 243 
Lorient, France: American ships at. lll. 
224-26; as free port for America, ll2, 132, 
133, 140, 143, 148, 171, 176n. 183, 188-go. 
192. 202. 204, 232. 244; L's arrival in, 4, 6, 
8, 427; 1's departure from, 222, 226, 238n; 
and obstacles to American trade, 112n; men-
tioned, 7n, IS. 14n, 113n, 193, 194, 2040, 
227,229. 230,23 1 
Lcuis, Austrian brigantine, 295n 
Louis XV (1710-74), king of France and 
Navarre, 316, 321n 
Louis XVI (1754-93), king of France and 
Navarre: and John Adams, 36, 38; and 
AJnerica, 16. 21, 225-26. 281, 282; and 
American plant specimens, 443; and Ameri-
can trade, 190n, 353n, 360; and animal mag~ 
netism, 222n; and Bavarian exchange, 309; 
and Calonne, 323n: coronation of, 316. 316: 
and customs duties, 172, 174, 182, 193, 204. 
224-26; and free ports, 189, 203: gardens 
of, 287. 288. 339; and Indians, 251, 256-59, 
260n; and Jay, 215; and L, 7. 9, 14-15, 94. 
284, 331, 428; R. H. Lee on, 444: Madison 
on, 313; as mediator, 305n; and peace negoM 
tiations, 45: and Protestants, 322; and 
Rohan, 3540; sisters of, 230; and Society of 
Cincinnati, 176, 179, 180n; and Three 
F1'i.f:nds, 215n; and tobacco monopoly, 35lD; 
and use of English dogs, 325; and Ver-
gennes, 40; and Washington, 9. 11g, 139: 
mentioned. 9. 27. 46,69,114,140n. 1940, 
282n, 328 
-letter from, to Congress, 283 
Louis XVI (cont.) 
-letter to, from Congress, ::82 
Louis~Joseph~Xavier (1781-89), dauphin, 4, 
5n. 253n. 316 . 
Lucchesini (Luchesiny). Girolamo, marqUIs de 
(1751-1825), chamberlain of Frederick II, 
.345,349n 
Lyons, France, 327. 330-31 
Maastricht (Mastreik). Austrian Netherlands. 
30' 
McDougall (McDougal), Alexander (1732-86), 
American major general. 78. 79n 
McHenry, James (1753-1816), major, Conti~ 
nental army, member of Maryland senate 
(1781-86), Maryland delegate to Congress 
(1783-86): and Congress, 116n, 186; ~ 
member of Washington's staff. 24Il; resigns 
from military, 115: and trade with France, 
358; and Wadsworth, 354; mentioned, 24, 
65. 66n, 90, 317 
-letters to. 184-86,354-55: calendared, 434, 
443 
McHenry, Margaret (Peggy) Caldwell (1762-?), 
wife of James. 355 
Mcintosh, Lachlan (1725-1806), American ma~ 
jor geneTal from Sept. 1783, member of 
Congress from Georgia (1784), congressional 
coIIllllissioner to southern Indians: letter 
from. calendared. 443 
McQueen. John, American merchant, 442 
Madagascar, 220n 
Madeira Islands. 170 
Madison, Jatnes (1751-1836), member of Con~ 
grcss from Virginia, chairman of Ways and 
Means Committee (1783), delegate to Vir~ 
ginia legislature from 1784: and desire to 
travel, 274; and L, 241, 245. 273, 285, 309, 
310; on Mississippi navigation, 287n, 311, 
313: nominated as minister at Madrid, .31On; 
on religious freedom, 314, 315n; mentloned, 
244D, 320n 
-letters from, 310-15: to Jefferson, 241-43, 
271-74 
-letters to, 285-87, 30g-10; calendared, 438 
dadras, India, 61, 62n 
.1adrid, Spain: L's visit to, 85, 88n, 91. 92, 
106, 120, 148; peace negotiations at, 96; 
mentioned, 7, 20. 37n, 45, 83, 86, 8,;:. 89, 94, 
96-g9, 104, 126, 166, 167,242,302.309, 
310n.433 
lagnifiqv.c, Le, French frigate, 66, 67n 
{ahon, M1norca, Balearic Islands, 22, 24n, 87 
1:aillebois. Yves~Marie Desmarets, comte de 
(1715-9~), French lieutenant general, 122, 
1240, 293, 295n 
-letter from, calendared, 428 
{all service. 7,18,20.37,51,60,76. 82n, 83, 
94. 141. 167n, 272, 309. 319, 322, 356 
tU;JCSf:1J.e1J;1;, Le, French ship, 77 
!alesherbes, Cretien~GuillaUllle de Lamoignon 
de (1721-94), former director of Librairie 
and Imprimerie, president of Cour des 
Aides, ~23n 
Index 
Malta (Maltha), 325, 338 
Manchester, George Montagu, 4th duke of 
(1737-88), British ambassador to Paris peace 
negotiations (April-Dec. 1783), 124. 126, 
'S6 
Margarita (Marguerite), Cuba, 172 
Margelay, M. de. L's tutor, 236 
Marie~Antoinette (1755-93), queen of France: 
and affair of necklace, 352n, 3540; and L. 4; 
misca.rriage of, 162; and Protestants, 322; 
mentioned, 220 
Markov. Arkady Ivanovich, Russian intermedi~ 
aT')' to United Provinces, 25, 26 
Marlboro (Marlbro'), Md., 279, 280n 
Marmonte1, Jean~Fran~ois (1723-99), French 
playwright, 342n .• 
Marseilles, France: fees for Amencan ships at, 
224-26; as free port, 112, 143, 148. 171, 
183, 188, 189, 192. 203. ::::04; and trade with 
America, 358; mentioned, 171 
Marshall, Thomas (1730-1802), American 
colonel, surveyor general of Kentucky from 
1783, 339. 340n 
Mzutinique, West Indies. 33, 34Il, 76n 
Maryland: and delegates to Congress, 285; 
grants citizenship to L and son. 290; and 
Potomac River navigation, 289. 290n, 296, 
306; and recovery from war. 300; men~ 
tioned, 370, Ig4, 276 
Maryland Assembly, 280n 
Maryland Senate. 90 
Masois. M., 354, 355n 
Massachusetts (Mashashushet), 57, 319, 332. 
345n -.,.: schi' f Masser.mo, Carlo Ferrero ... Ie , pnnce 0 , 
Spanish diplomat, 33 . 
MaJ;i.ldo., American merchant ship. 186n 
Maurepas, Jean~Frederic PhClypeaux, comte de 
(1701-81), French minister of state and 
chief of council of finances, 4. Ion 
Meade (¥ead), Richard Kidder (1746-1805), 
American lieutenaxi~ colonel. Washington's 
aide-de-catnp, 192 ! 
MediteraIlncan Sea, R)J.ssian navy in, 146 
Mercer. John Francis (1759-1821), American 
lieutenant colonel, 286. 297, 299n, 307, 
308n, 314, 3150 ,. . 
Mercv:rc de Pra:ru;e, 150n, 154D 
Mercy~Argenteau (Merci), Florimand~Claude~ 
Charles, comee di: (1727-94), Austrian am~ 
bassador co F~ce, 295n. 349n ' 
Merlin. Antoine-Christophe (1']62-1833): let~ 
ter to, calendared, 444 
Mesmer, Franz Anton (1734-1815): and L, 
216, 218n, 220,231, 236n, 245, 268; and 
meeting of disciples. 2690; secretiveness of. 
222n 
Mexico, L desires to visit, 323 
Michaux, Andre (1746-1802), botanist, 
443 'd f Mi.ft1in. Thomas (1744-1800), presl ent 0 
Continental Congress (1783-84): letters to, 
calendared. 435; from Franklin, calendared, 
437 
Index 
Miranda, Francisco de, Venezuelan revolution~ 
ary Qater general in French revolutionary 
army and dictator of Venezuela), 324fl 
Miromesnil, Armand·Thomas Hue de 
(1723-96), keeper of seals. 323 
Mississippi River: and border dispute with 
Sprun, 61,74n, 87, lOIn, 106, 242, 243n, 
308n, 323; compared to Nile, 314n; free 
navigation of, 17n, 74Il, 99, 104. ~86, 287n, 
3°1.305,3°9. 311, 31~. 338; Lon, 243n, 
244: Madison's concern over, 242, 313; set~ 
clements on, 311. 312; Washington plans trip 
down, 156 
Mithon de Genouilly (Mitton), Claude, comte 
de, French naval captain, 33, 3.pi 
Mohawk Indians, 250, 251, 257 
Mohawk River, 247, 248. 251 
M¢le Saint~Nico1as, Saint.Domingue, 172 
Monistrol, M .• 231 
Monroe (Munro), James (1758-1831), lieuten~ 
ant colonel for Virginia State Line, represen~ 
tative to Virginia Assembly (1782), membe,r 
of Congress from 1783. 286. 314 
-letter to, calendared, 439 
Montaran, intendant of commerce for 
Auvergne: letter from, calendared. 432 
-letter to, calendared, 433 
Montcalm. (Moncalm) Gozon de Saint Veran, 
Louis-joseph, marquis de (1712-59), French 
brigadier general in Canada, 258, 260n 
Mootmorin. Armand-Marc, comte de 
(1746-92), French ambassador to Spain: de-
sires to know state of political affairs, 76; 
and L. 97, 98; and role in negotiations, 102, 
104, 105; and Spanish, 76; and view of 
America. 80; mentioned, 7, 83, 88, 94, 96, 
98. 126, 166, 292 
Montreal, Canada. 91 
Morocco, .316 
Morris, Jacob (1755-1844), representative to 
New York State legislature. 160 
Morris, Robert (1734-1806), American super~ 
intendant of finance (1781-84): on Ameri~ 
can commerce, 184n; and American 
financial difficulties, 61, 70; and commercial 
negotiations, ~H5, 218, 219; European image 
of, 183; and French customs duties, 209; 
and L, 21, 18, 190n-91n, 255n, 431. 438; 
requests French aid, 18, 30, 87; requests 
supplies. 32n; threatens to resign, 141, 142n; 
On trade with France, 219n; mentioned. 9, 
lon, 15-17, 21n, 280, 60, 62n, 71n, 127n, 
176n, 178n, 182n, 184. 188, 192, 198n, 
199n, 208n, 209n, 224n, 225n, 226n, 
294 . 
-letters frOm, 218-20; calendared, 431-38; to 
Adams, calendared, 431; to Carmichael, cal~ 
enclared, 431; to Congress, 254-55; to 
Franklin, calendared, 431: to Jay, calen~ 
dared,431 
-letters to, 182-84, 190-g1. 204-5; calen-
dared, 428, 429, 436, 438 
Mouchy, Philippe de Noailles, marechal-duc de 
(1715-94), father of Prince de Poix and 
Vicomte de Noailles, L's wife's great~uncle, 
2440,268 
Mount Vernon. Va.: beauty of, 238; L's anival 
at, 216. 437, 438; L's visit"to, 235, 237, .241, 
254n, 262, 265, 266, 285: Washington retires 
to, 191; mentioned, 64, 121, 156, 164, 194. 
208.216,236,279, 280n, 295.327°,336, 
340n, 342 
Muha.rn.rnad ibn 'AM Allah (1757?-90). sultan 
of Morocco, 316 
Mullens, Thomas (1736-?), major, Continental 
.army. 197 
-letters from, 196-97; calendared, 436 
Murray. James (1725?-94), governor of Minor~ 
ca, 22, 24n 
Nancy, France, 148. 151, 154 
Nantes (Nantz), France, 1120, 134,443 
Nassau..siegen, Charles-Henri-Nicolas Othon, 
prince de (1745-1805), colonel in French 
army, 166 
Naval superiority: John Adams' views on, 26; 
allied need of, 31; French views on, 22; L 
on, 22,49,65,68,72 
Necker,Jacques (1732-1804), French director 
general of finances (1777'-81), 113n, 176n, 
304. 305n, 310 
Nesbitt, John M3.XVIell (c. 1728-1802), director 
of Bank of North America, 194 
Netherlands, Austrian (Austrian Flanders), 
295n · 
Newburgh, N.Y., 113. 119, 135 
Newburgh Affair, 121n, 136n. 150n 
New England: L's visit to, 243, 254, 261, 277: 
and trade with France, 319-21, 350, 355: 
and trade with Great Britain, 357: and whale 
oil trade, 355; mentioned, 32, 238 
Newenham, Sir Edward (1732-1814), Irish 
member of Parliament: letter from. calen-
dared,436 
Newfoundland, 31, 32, 72, 271n 
New Hampshire. 275 
New Haven. Conn., 288 
New Jersey, 235 
New Kent County, Va., 279n 
New Orleans, La.: compared to Cairo, 3140; as 
free port, 301, 309; L wishes to visit, 323; 
Washington plans trip to, 156; mentioned, 
242 .312 
Newport. Rhode Island, 261, 264, 265. 268, 
439 
New York City: American army at, 321; and 
Anterican campaign plans, 31, 32, 49, 65, 72, 
78, 115, 116n; American takeover of. 195; 
British evacuation of, 9, 13, 22-23. 28, 30, 
66,7°,80, 128, 130n, 139, 141, 156, 161n, 
187. 191, 195,43::::,433; British forces in, 61, 
63, 115, u6n; British retreat to, 8; honors 
L, 244; L's visit to, 235, 236n, 26,3, 264, 275; 
and Loyalist refugees, 63; as temporary loca~ 
tion of Congress, 297. 2g9O. 301; men~ 
tioned, Ion. 120, 130n, 160, 199, 222, 232, 
238. 241, ~43, 271, 284-86, 288, 289, 296. 
314, 327n , 332, 336. 339 
New York Society for Promoting the Manumis-
sion of Slaves, 317, 318n 
New York State: and fmal campaigns. 32; and 
Indians, 248. 260n; roads in, 248, 260; Ver-
mont secedes from. 302n 
Niagara. N.Y., 32 
Nicholson, James (1737-1804), commodore, 
Maryland navy, 229 
Nimes (Nismes), France, 352 
Niskayuna, N.Y., 245 
Nivernais (Nivernois), Louis-Jules Barbon Man-
cini-Mazarini, duc de (1716-98), minister to 
London, 34 
Noailles, Angclique-Fran<;oise-d'Assise-RosAuE 
de (1767-1853?), L's sister-in-law, 118, 230, 
236, 238, 293 
Noailles, Anne-jeanne-Baptiste-Pauline-
Adrienne-LoulsE-Catherine-Dominique, 
vlcomtesse de (175S-94), L's sister-in-law, 
wife of Louis-Marie, 118, 230, 236, 238, 293 
Noailles, Anne-Paule-Dominique (called 
Pauline) de (later'marquise de Montagu) 
(1766-1839), L's sister-in-law, lIS, 230. 236, 
238, 293 
Noailles. Clotilde de (later marquise de Roure 
and vicomtesse de Thesan) (1763-S8), L's 
sister-in-law, 118, 230, 236, 238, 293 
Noailles, EMMANuEL-Marie-Louis. marquis de 
(1743-1822), French ambassador to Austria, 
L's wife's uncle: as ambassador to England, 
75, 90n; and Gallitzin, 216, 218n; and L, 89, 
349n; mentioned, 236, 238, 261, 345 
Noailles, LoUIs-Marie, vicomte de 
(1756-1S04), L's wife's cousin and brother-
in-law: and Gibraltar siege, 67; and King's 
Cavalry, 64n; mentioned, 5, 10, 24, 64, 67n, 
159n, 238, 293 
Norfolk, Charles Howard, 10th duke of 
(1720-86), 97 
Norfolk, Va" 358 
Normandy, France, 8o, 198, 325 
North, Frederick (Lord North) (1732-92), 
British prime minister (1770-S2): downfall 
of, 186n, 193n; and Fox coalition. 125n; 
ministry of, 5n, 22; and peace negotiations, 
43, 125n; and possible return to power, 44, 
192; and proposals for peace, 19n; replaces 
Shelburne, 106; resigns, 18n. 19.22, 24n, 
25, 2S; mentioned, 17 
North Carolina, 4, 156, 296. 358 
Northwest Ordinance, 340n 
Nova Scotia, 48n, 271n 
Nymphe. Le. French frigate, 275, 276n. 280n, 
288-89, 295 
Ogden, Matthias (1754-91), colonel in Conti-
nental army, 130, 140n, 142, 434 
-letter to, calendared, 432 
Ohio River, 241, 2'44. 337 
Oilliamson, comtesse d', wife of Ma~e-Gabriel, 
325,340n, 343, 344n 
Oilliamson, Marie-Gabriel-Eleonore, comte d' 
(1738-183°), 325, 340n, 343 
Olainville, France (near Paris), 124 
Oneida Castle, N.Y .• 248, 249, 254, 262 
Oneida IncUans, 250, 251, 273, 319 
Onondagas Indians, 251 
Index 
Orange, Va., 310, 314 
O'Reilly. Alejandro (1725-94), governor of 
Louisiana, 76, 77 
Orleans, Louis-Philippe-Joseph de ~ourbon, 
duc d' (1747-93), brother of LoUIS XVI, 48n 
Ormesson, Henri-Franc;ois de Paule Lefevre d' 
(1751-1807), French controller general of 
finances (March-Nov. 1783): and commer-
cial negotiations, 183; downfall of, 162. 
165n; succeeds Joly de Fleury, 124, 125n; 
mentioned, 140n 
-letters to, calendared, 433-434 
Oswald, Richard (1705-84), British Peace com-
missioner (1782): commission of, 430; de-
parts for London, 80; and L, 35; and peace 
negociauons. 34n, 35, 36. 37n, 47n , 53, 55n , 
79, replaced, 125n; mentioned, 36n 
Otchikeita (Otsiquette, Ouekchekaeta), Peter, 
Indian boy, 251, 253n, 319, 320n 
Ottoman Empire, 133 
Overijssel (Overysul), United Provinces, 17n 
Paca, William (1740-99), govemor of Mary-
land: letter to, calendared. 439 
Paine, Thomas' (1737-18°9). clerk of Pennsyl-
vania Assembly, 150n 
Paris, France, 198; and bust of L, 287n. 315n; 
Carmichael at, 82; Forth arrives in, 21; and 
Gibralter siege, 48n; Jay at, 80, 85; L's home 
in, 118n; and L's homesickness, 268; L re-
turns to, 4, 87. 91, 96. 102n, 143. 268,337. 
440; lighting of, 319, 320n, 32IU, 357, 441; 
and Longchamps affair, 244n; peace nego-
tiations at, 34, 36, 37n, 39n , 45, 59; 
Wadsworth arrives in, 154; mentioned, 6, 8, 
10, 14-18, 26, 28, 30, 33, ~5, 36, 38. 39, 
43n, 45, 47, 49,53-55,57,,59,60.62,64, 
68,69.89,94, 97;110, ll~, 117, 121, 127, 
131,132,134,136,139,141.157, lS8, 162, 
164-67.176,178,179.182,184,186,190, 
191,193, 196-201.204,105,207,208.210, 
213-16, 222,-225-27, 2~'9, 236n, 262, 266, 
269, 276, 288, 292, 293,/299, 300, 302, 305, 
306.309,315,317,320-22,324,327-31, 
342,347,349.351-54,356,358,430,433, 
439 cial I . Parliament, British: and commer re allons 
with America, 125n, 335n; confusion in, 22; 
dissolving of, 211, 212, 213n; and Enabling 
Act, 49: and Ireland. 319n; opposition in, 
142n, 216; mentioned, 25, 65, 159, 209 
Passy, France (near Paris): and Franklin, 43, 
336n; mentioned, 15, 35, 57, 59, 255 
Peace negotiations: John Adams on, 25. 38; 
between America and Great Britain, 19n, 
67n, 71, 320n; American anxiety over, 78; 
and American sovereignty, 32n, 33, 34n, 44, 
59; between France and Great Britain, 18n, 
56n; between Great Britain and Spain, 87; 
British obstacles to, 21, 28, 29. '33, 36, 38, 
4lU, 43. 44, 55n, 61; British role in, 37n, I 
Index 
Peace negotiations (cant.) 
39n, 125n, 430, 434; between United 
Provinces and Great Britain, 15, 26; and 
boundary disputes, 32; and final campaigns, 
116n; and fmal treaty, 156, 162, 187; and 
fISheries, 46. 48n; and general peace, 83, 84, 
85.86, 88, go, 94, 98. 102, 116n, 119; 144n, 
170,433; Lon, 49, 50, 53, 72; L's role in. 
22-23,45,48,74, 75n, 89, 202,433; 
Livingston on, 67; and preliminary articles 
between America and Great Britain. 75, 76n, 
80,99, 128, 142n, 427, 432; and prisoner 
exchange, 428; progress of, 60, 62, 64. 65, 
72,77, 79n, 80, 82, 83, 120,431,432; and 
Russian mediation, 132; Segur on, 51; and 
Spanish compliance, 287n; and treaty 
ratification, 92, 93n, 96, 102, 121n, 124, 135, 
139, 141, 146, 151. 164, 166; and war debt 
to Great Britain, 144, 146, 148; mentioned, 
39 
Peace of Paris of 1763, 36n 
Pennsylvania: arms shipment to, 428; and dis-
putes with Connecticut, 79. 267n; and fur 
trade, 354; and Indians, 255, 260n, 267; and 
L, 233-34. 436, 438; and Longchamps af-
fair, 244n, 295n, 324n 
Pennsylvania Line. 233 
Pennsylvania Assembly, 438 
Penobscot, Me., 8, 31, 32, 72, 115 
Pensacola, Fla., 156 
Philadelphia, Pa.: arrival of Dutch minister at, 
156; L's visit to, 235, 265, 266, 285; peace 
negotiations at. 96; and trade with France, 
355: mentioned, 50, 64. 66. 78. 85, 88, 90, 
94,97,113,115,120,128,132,160,171, 
195,235.238,241,249.271,284,286,287n, 
308n, 343, 432 
Picquet (Piquet) de La Motte, Toussaint-
Guillaume (called La Motte-Picquet) 
(1720-91), capita.ine de vaisseau. in French 
navy, 77 
Pignon, Michel, Farmer General of France. 
'94 
Pigot, Robert (1720-96), British lieutenant 
general, 63 
Pitt, William (1759-1806), first lord of treasury 
and chancellor of exchequer (1783): desires 
to meet Franklin, 157; and L, 158; proposes 
free trade with Ireland, 319n; and rise to 
power, 192, 193n, 216; and role in opposi-
tion, 141, 142n; visits to France, 158n; men~ 
tioned, 159n, 209 
Pitt, William, 1st carl of Chatham (17°8-78), 
38, 39n , 44 
Poirey, Joseph-Leonard, L's secretary, 230, 262 
Poix, Anne-Louise-Marie de Beauvau, prin. 
cesse de (175Q-1834?), wife of Philippe, 26g 
Poix, Philippe-Louis-Marc-Antoine de Noailles 
de Mouchy, prince de (1752-1S19), L's 
wife's cousin, 244n, 268, 269, 293, 432 
-letters to. 267-69; calendared, 431-33, 438, 
443 
Poland, 165n 
Pompey, Roman general, 299, 300n 
Porter, Andrew (1743-1813). major in Conti· 
nental army (1782), appointed commissioner 
to run boundary lines of Pennsylvania 
(1784), 14-1S 
Port Louis, France, 112, 113n, 176n 
Portsmouth, N.H., 124,276 
Portsmouth, Va., 358 
Portugal, 170, 216, 218n,31S 
Potomac River: and canal plans, 244; naviga-
tion of, 289, 2g6, 301, 310; and trade with 
France, 358; and western expansion, 337; 
Olentioned, 124, 208, 216, 286, 287n 
Potomac River Company: establishment of, 
298n, 315n, 327n; Washington on, 295-99; 
Washington's role in. 324, 337, 344, 441; 
Washington's stock in, 296, 299n: and west-
ern expansion. 337 
POtOSI, Peru, 312, 3140 
Potsdam. Germany, 339, 345 
Pratt, John Jeffries (1759-1840), Teller of Ex-
chequer, 157, 158 
Princeton, N.j., 155, 159, 284 
Protestants, L on treatment of, 322 
Provence, Louis.stanislas~Xavier de Bourbon, 
comte de (later Louis XVIII) (1755-1824), 
brother of Louis XVI, 193, 194n 
Providence, Islands of, 88 
Providence, R.I., 353 
Prussia: and commercial relations with Amer-
ica, 345; and France, 349n; and Great Brit-
ain, 349n: and H,uguenots, 352n; L's visit to, 
330,331,332,345,351,353; and Russian-
Turkish dispute, 149 
Purviance, Samuel,Jr" 160, 24tn 
Puysegur, Jacques--Maxime--Paul, vicomte de 
(1755-1S20?), friend ofL, 269 
Quebec,Canada,253n,319 
Qucsney, chevalier de, 436 
Rabaut St. Etienne, Jean-Paul (1743-93), Prot-
estant pastor: letter from, calendared, 
442 
":'letter to, 3S1-52 
Randolph, EdOlund (1753-1813), 345n 
Rayneval. See Gerard de Rayneval, Joseph-
Matthias. 
Reed, Joseph (1741-85), president of Supreme 
Executive Council of Pennsylvania, elected to 
Congress in 1784~ 223, 224n, 435 
Renncs, France, 292 
Rheinsberg (Rheinberg), Germany, 340, 342n 
Rhode Island: and Congress, 277; L's visit to, 
266,268, 27S, 439; mentioned, 241, 26S, 
30 4 
Rhode Island General Assembly, 267n. 277n, 
439 
Richelieu, Louis-Fran<;ois-Armand du Plessis, 
marechal duc de (1696-1788), ma:rtcha1 de 
Fra:nce, 9 
Richmond. Va.: and L, 265, 287n; mentioned, 
241,274, 279n.309,314,344 
Ridley, Matthew, Maryland agent in Europe, 
37-38,56n,59,203n,431 
Ridout (Ridouts), Thomas (1754-1829), Amer~ 
ican merdlant, 290n, 339, 340n 
Rivington's New York GazcUC, 79n 
Rocharnbeau, Jean~Baptiste:~Donatien de 
Vtmeur, comte de (172S-1805), lieutenant 
general in French navy: and French expedi~ 
tionary force in America, 13, 24D, 31, SlD, 
137; Lon, 191; leaves America, 70; and 
Society of Cincinnati, 178n, 179, 180n, 188n, 
191, 201, 203n, 205, 208, 343; and supplies, 
1940; mentioned, 197 
ROchefort, France, 51, 358 
Rockingham, Charles Watson Wentworth, 2d 
marquis of (1730-82), British prime minister 
(1782-83),18, 24D, 25, 29,44, 124 
Rock Rolling from the Top of the Mountains, 
Indian chief, 250 
Rocky Hill, Conn., 158 
Rodney George Brydges, baron (1719-92), ad~ 
miral and commander in chief of British 
navy in West Indies, 9, lon, 13, 48n 
Rogers, Nicholas, 241n 
Rohan-Gu6nen6. Loui&-Ren6-Edouard. prince 
de (1734-1803), gra:ruJ. ~ of France, 
35",353,354'1 
Rome, Itliy. 38, 56n, 1370, 300n 
Ross. Alexander (1742-1827). British brevet 
major, aide-de-camp to Cornwallis, 39. 40n 
Rouen, France. 79, 169 
Rousselet, L's servant, 238 
Roux, M., 434 
Royal Gazette, New York loyalist newspaper, 5n 
Rumsey. James (1743?-g2). American in-
ventor, 297, 299n 
Rush, Benjamin (174'5-1813). fonner physician 
general of Continentli army: letter from, 
calendared, 428 
Russia: and ambassador to London, 26; and 
Austrian-Dutch dispute, 293; and Crimea. 
133n, 165n; and France, 319, 358; minister 
from, at Hague. 60; offers to mediate be-
tween England and United Provinces. 
14-15, 25, 27; and peace negotiations, 132; 
and Turkey, 124. 125n, 133. 143, 146, 149, 
150n, 151, 156, 162, 165n; mentioned, 38. 
'Ol 
Ruston, Thomas (1739?-1804); letter t<;>. calen-
dared,441 
Rutland, Charl<:s Manners, 4th duke of 
(1754-87), lord lieutenant of Ireland, :1:16, 
218n 
SaiJly, M., 435 
St. Clair, Arthur (1J?,7-1818), American major 
general, 234 
St. Domingue, West Indies, 74D 
St. Eustatius (St. Eustatia, Statia). West Indies, 
4, sn 
St-Germain (near Paris), France. 42, 43, 48, 
u8, 126, 260, 318 
St. Kitts (St. Christophe), West Indies. 19-20, 
22.428 
St. Lawrence (Laurens) River. 84, 156 
Index 
St. Lucia, West Indies, 76n, 88, 173; as free 
port, 172, 176n 
Saint-8imon-Montb16ru, Claude-Anne de Rouv~ 
roy, marquis de (1743?-1819), French naval 
captrin, 325, 3270,343 
Saint~Vincent, Robert de (?-1799), 229 
Salem, Mass., 439 
Salzard, Nicolas, French merchant, 35lD 
Sarguesrnines, France, 333 
Sartine, Antoine-RaymondwJean-Gualbcrt-
Gabriel de. comte d'Alby (1729-1801). 
317n 
Savannah (Savahna), Ga .• 8. liS, 179, lSon 
Saxony. 330 
Scheldt River, 295n 
Schuyler, Camerine Van Rensselaer 
(1734?-lSo3). wife of Philip, 317-18 
Schuyler, Philip John (1733-1804). American 
major general, commissioner for Indian af-
fairs. 125, 155, 317-18 
Searle, James (c, 173o-g7), Pennsylvania mer-
chant: letter to. calendared, 428 
S6gur, Antoinette-ElizabethwMarie Daguesseau, 
comtesse de (1756-1828), L's wife's aunt, 
wife of Louis Philippe, 51, 230, 238 
S6gur, Louis--Philippe, comte de (1753-1830), 
friend of L, 27, 28n, 64n, 67, 239 
-letter from, 51 , 
S6gur, Philippe-Henri, marquis de 
(1724-1801). French minister ofwm:: and 
Franklin, IS; and L. 11, 427i. on Society of 
Cincinnati. 179, 180n; mentioned, 13n. 27. 
5.1,77, 135. 201n. 293 
-letters from, calendared, 427. 429, 444 
-letters to, calendared, 427. 431, 433-35, 437. 
444 . Seneca Indians, 251 
Seran, M. de, 126 
Sapent, French frigate, 74jO' 75 
Seven Years' War. 36n, 5~n 
Shakers (American religiojJs sect), 245, 260, 
262,268 1 
Shakespeare, William (1564-1616), 211 
Sheffield,John Baker Hplroyd, 1st earl of 
(1735-18~H),colonel of light dragoons. 210, 
211n 'f 
Shelburne, Wi!liarri Pe~ty Fitzmaurice. earl of 
(1737-180S). Bri~ secretary of state for 
foreign affairs under Rockingham: John 
Adams on, 38; and coalition with Rock~ 
ingham, 240; and French, 76n; Lon, 44. 53, 
87; Laurens on, 54D; Livingston on, 67; 
ministry of, 125n; and peace negotiations, 
33,34n, 35,37n, 44.470 , 75,87. 98; and 
prisooer exchange, 49; resigns, 106, 107n; 
and Rayneval, 56n; and role in opposition, 
142n; mentioned. 35, 36n. 61 
Sheldon, Elisha (1740-1805), colonel in Ameri-
can army, 63 
Shoemaker Tavern. Mohawk, N.Y., 253. 254n 
Short, wil.liaro (1759-1849), Jefferson's secre~ 
~, 241, 243, 271, 347, 349n 
Silesia, 330, 342, 349n, 443 
, 
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Index 
Simiane. Diane-.A:dela1de de Da.rnas d'Antigny, 
comtessc de (1761-1835), friend of L, 900, 
115n• 29S,432 
-letters to. 158-59; calendared, 431, 4S3 
Six Nations, Indian Confederation. 255-60, 
267n 
Slavery: Condorcet on, 299, 300n; Hamilton 
on. 336n; Jay on, 336n; Lon, 274. 317, 44S; 
L's experiment concerning, 91. 330, 3300. 
. 336; Washington on. 121 
Smith. John, Baltimore merchant, 241n 
Smith, The, Indian chief, 250 
Smith. William Stephens (1755-1816), Ameriw 
can lieutenant colonel, secre~ of U.s, lega-
tion in England (1785), 333, 335 
-letter to, calendared. 444 
Society of Harmony. 222 
Society of the Cincinnati: John Adams on, 201, 
203n, 211-12; and claims to membership, 
197,205; diploma of, :::06; finances of, 208n: 
formation of, 137, 158, 176, 20Sn; and 
French, 185, 187,207,343; and hereditary 
membership. 229n; insignia of, 158, l77. 
178n, 179. 187. 188n, 191, 197; L's defense 
of. 180. 185, 202, 205. 209, 227; L's involve-
ment with, 179,437; membership in, 1800, 
207n-8n, 327n, 343; opposition to, 180n. 
207.209; principles of, 158n, 176, 178n, 
179,213; and Washington, 437; mentioned, 
192, 442 
South America (South Spain), 323, 324n 
South Carolina, 4, 8, 64, 156, 243n 
Spain: John Adams on, 26; and Algiers, 162, 
16sn: and alliance with America, France and 
United Provinces, 32n; and America, 15-17, 
20,61,80.82,84,86.87,97,98, 101, 104, 
106, 127n. 128. 142, 166,24:::-44,286, 
287n.301, 306, 307, 308n, 309. 311,312. 
314n, 323, 433. 440, 441; and Barbary 
States. 31S; and boundary disputes with 
America. 62n, 74n, 76. 98, 99, 102, 104, 
105; and British, S5n; colonies of, 159n, 166, 
172; and commercial relations with America, 
166, 167n, 173. 183, 185; and commercial 
relations with Great Britain. ls6n; and Euro-
pean campaigns, S7; and free navigation of 
Mississippi, 301, 311, 312; French influence 
on, 313; and Gibraltar. 39n, 67, 72n; and 
jackasses for Washington, 302n, 343. 3450-; 
Lon, 15-17.20,22,37.72.92; L's voyage 
to, 74D; Livingston on, 78; and loans to 
America, 15-17, 22, 76, 80, 86, 94, 96, 101. 
105; Madison on, 312; and peace negotia~ 
tions. 38, 80; S6gur on, 51; and West Indies 
expedition, 27; mentioned, 33, 38, 60, 112n, 
143, 151, 18S, 201, 202, 298 
Spanish navy, 49, 67, 75, 77 
Sprigg, So~hia, 286, 314, 297, 299n, 308n 
Stephanus, Oneida Iodian, 319 
Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Augustus, baron 
von ,(I73o-g4). Continental m~or general, 
276, 321 
Suffren (Suffrein) de Saint-T.l'opez, Pierre~An~ 
dr6, chevalier de (1729-88), French naval 
captain, 325, 344 
Susquehanna land controversy, 79D 
Susquehanna River, 244, 287n 
Sutter, Mr., 286 
Sweden, 34n , 38,S15 
Talobre, comte de, 444 
Tauride Peninsula. 150n 
TcrriJJle, Le, French warship, 77 
Tess6, Adrienne-Catherine de Noailles, com-
tesse de (1741-1814), L's wife's aunt, 230, 
261, 293 
-letters to, 77-78, 340-42 
Thomson. Charles (17zg-1824). secretary of 
Congress (1774-89), 122, 123n, 282 
Three Friends. British frigate, :;:15n 
Tilghman, Anna Maria, cousin to and be--
trothed of Tcnch, 121 
TJ.lghman, Tench (1744-86), aide-de-camp and 
secretary to Washington, Baltimore merw 
chant, 24, 9S, 121, 160, 241n 
Tilly, Arnaud Lc Gardeur de (1740-?). capi-
tame de vaisseau, 207 . 
Tobago (Tabago), West Indies, 88 
Toulon. France, 77, 358 
Touraine, France. 127n 
Tourtille de Sangrain. Pierre, 320n. 321n. 
344n, 349, 356, 357, 358n.441• 442 
Trenton, N.].: Congress at, 266, 277. 2$0, 282, 
285, 297; L's reception at, 236n; mentioned, 
238, 284 
Triomphe, Lc (Triumph). French frigate: carries 
news of peace, 85, 86, 92, 97, 102. 116n, 
432; mentioned, lIS, 128, 130, 132, 141, 
142, 144 
Tripoli (Tripoly), 316 
Trist, Eliza House, wife of Nicholas P., 242, 
24$0,274 
Trise, Nicholas P. (?-1784), 242, 243n. 274 
Trumbull. Jonathan (1710-85), governor of 
Connecticut: letter to. calendared, 439 
Tunis, 316 
Turkey: and commercial relations with Russia, 
150n; and dispute with Russia, 124, 125n, 
143, 146, 149, 151, 156, 162, 165n; and state 
of army, 162 
Tuscarora Indians. 251 
Ukraine, tobacco from, 198 
United Provinces: John Adams on, 25; and aid 
to America, 22; and alliance with America, 
France, and Spain, 32n; and alliance with 
France. 353, 3540; and alliance with France 
and America, 14-15; and alliance with 
France and Spain, 26; and American canal 
plans, 297; and Barbary States, 315; and 
British 5Sn; and Austria, 293, 295n. 302, 
305n, 309, 318, 323, 325; and commercial 
relations with America, 18, 33, 36, 46.59, 
60n, 61, 170; and Danzig. 165n; and French, 
4; and French..guaranteed loans to America. 
lSn, 14n; and loans to America, 18. 25, 36, 
United Provinces (cont.) 
38, 59; and minister to America, 157n; and 
ports in India and Ceylon, 39n; and recogniw 
tion of America. 19. 22, 27. 33, 428: menw 
tioned, 17 
Valley Forge, Pa., 29, go 
Van Rensselaer, Margaret Schuyler 
(1758-1802),317-18 
Vauban, Mme de, 269 
Vaudreuil, Louis~Philippe de Rigaud. marquis 
de (1724-1802), French lieutenant general. 
chef d'escadrc under de Grasse in 1782: arw 
rives at Boston, 61, 66: and d'Estaing, 77: 
and Society of Cincinnati, 179, 1Son. 205: 
squadron of, 67n 
Vaux, Noel deJourda. comte de (1705-S8), 
French lieutenant general, 197 
Veimerange (Veymerange, Vermerange), Palw 
teau, chevalier de. French commissary of 
war, 10, l.l. 13n 
Venice, 315 
Vergennes, Anne de Vivien;, comtesse de, wife 
of Charles Gravier, 112, 232, 244, 270 
Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de 
(1717-87), French minister of foreign af-
fairs: John Adams on, 124Il; and aid to 
America, 71n: on America, 427; and Ameri-
can ministers. 53; on American war debt to 
Great Britain, 144-6; and Bavarian ex-
change. S05n: and British, 18n, 21. 33, 34Il; 
and Burgundy, 295n; and commercial nego-
tiations, 167n-68n, 182, 189, 224n, 232, 
353n, 428: and free ports, 140, lS411. 189; 
and Franklin, 13; on French naval cam-
paigns, 22; and friendship for America, 21; 
and Grenville, 40: and L, 9, 11, 15,20,27, 
309,352; on loans to America. 13n: as medi-
ator,"62n, 242.304, 317n; and packet boats, 
318; and peace negotiations, 36, 4ln, 44, 46, 
47,50, 55n, 93, 99. 131, 136, 162; as presi-
dent of conscil des fi:nanccs, 35lD: and Protesw 
tants, 322;.and Rayneval affair, 56n; 
mentioned, 10, 13, 14D, 21n, 26, 48n, 55, 
56n. 59, 111, 112n, 13Sn, 14411, 147n, 150n, 
167, 176n, 179, 180n, lS2n, 184, 190, 192, 
243n, 266, 293, 295n, 3240 
-letters from, 6, 140; calendared. 431 
-letters to, 15-18, 54-55. 69-72, 93-94, 
98-99, 112-13, 134-35, 139-40, 144-45, 
176, 215, 232-33, 243-44. 269-71. 350-5 1; 
calendared,429. 430,432. 434,435, 437. 
438,443 . 
Vermont, 301, S02n 
Verplanck (Verplanks point), N.Y., 62 
Versailles, France: American minister at, 33~m; 
diplomatic corps at, 60; L's departure for, 4; 
Louis XVI's gardens at, 288; as possible site 
of peace negotiations, 47n: men.tioned. 6n, 7, 
8. 11, 15, 35, S9. 40, 41n. 54. 75, 87, 94, 
140, 1&;, 178, 182, 183. 185. IBg. 192, 199, 
200, 202. 203. 220, 224, 226. 229. 292, 293, 
339, 427, 437 
Index 
Vienna, Austria, 216, 332, 345, 347 
Viomenil. Antoine--Charles du Houx, baron de 
(1728-92). martchal de camp, French lieuten-
ant colonel, 64n, 79n 
Virginia: arms for, 441: and British campaigns, 
256; and fur trade, 354; and Houdon, 332; 
Indian raids in, 301; and James River Com-
pany. 298n; andJaIlles River navigation, 
306,307: L names daughter after, 57, 57, 
113; L petitions for payments to French 
firms. 287n; L's command in, 234, 240, 
241n, 342; L's visit to, 233, 265. 266, 275. 
277: L to secure arms for. 328. 328n; mines 
in, 435; and national debt, 314: and Potomac 
River navigation, 289, 290n, 296, 307; tobacw 
co from, 101, 198; and trade with France, 
244.358; and Washington's stock in Potomac 
River Company, 324: mentioned, 133, 157, 
194. 2S8, 241, 261, 276, 279n, 289n, 309, 
310, 328, 438 
Virginia campaign, 68 
Virginia House of Delegates: and bust of L, 
15S, 196, 315n: and gift to Washington. 296: 
L's memorials to, 286; and Potomac River 
navigation, 289, 290n: and public revenues, 
S14n: and resolutions on L. 40, 286. 287n 
Volunteer Jou:rna~ Irish rebel paper, 286, 287n, 
'98 
Wadsworth, Catherine, daughter of Jeremiah, 
332.354 
Wadsworth, Daniel (?-1848). son of Jeremiah, 
320n, 332. 354 
Wadsworth, Hannah, daughter of Jeremiah, 
332,354 
Wadsworth, Jeremiah (1743-18°4), Connecti-
cut merchant: and Bank of New York, 332: 
business ventures of, 155''0; and commercial 
negotiations, 192; and Ll155, 354: and L 
family portrait, 229, 230P.; on Society of 
Cincinnati. 209; as suppl1er to Rochambeau, 
194n; and trade in Fran~e, 193. 194, 20m, 
434; mentioned. 210. ~6.323n,336~, 355 
-letters to, 154-55. :Wo;..201,.318-20, • 
331-32. 353-54; cal~~dared, 436, 437, 442, 
444 t,-
Wadsworth, Mehitable Russell, wife of 
Jeremiah. 332, 354 
W:rr of the Austrian Succession, 5lD 
Warren. James (1726-1808), American major 
general, president of provincial congress of 
Massachusetts, 147n. 288, 289n 
-letters from John Adams, 121-24 
Washington. Bushrod (1762-1829), nephew of 
George, 298, 299n. 324n 
Washington, Elizabeth Foot, wife of Lund, 154. 
19' 
Washington, George (1732-99), commander in 
chief of Continental forces. resigned Dec. 23, 
1783, 163. 3oz6; and adoption of Martha's 
grandchildren, 237; and advice to L. 343; 
British image of, 211; British on, 256; bust 
of. 336, 358; and Canada, 32; cancels order 
I 
Index 
Washington, George (com.) 
for plated ware from L, 161n: and Caxleton, 
47n, 128, 139, 142n; as commander in chief. 
68; and commission for L. 30; and concern 
for George Augustine, 64n; and concern 
over reputation. 296; and Congress, 162; on 
Continental army, 136; and departure of L, 
279; desires world peace, 337; and end of 
military service. 135, 139, 154, 156, 191, 
195; equestrian statue of. 332n; European 
image of, 145. 153, 162; family of, 5, 10, 28, 
50,65.74.93,146,154,209,298.323:and 
final campaign plans, 114, u6n. 436; on 
free navigation of Mississippi. 338; French 
opinion of, 9; and friendship for L, 119, 
121, 125. 155. 157. 159, 196, 208, 279, 296, 
337, 340, 343. 437; and gift of hounds, 339, 
34on, 34S; on government, 39. 119; govern~ 
ment role of, 89: and Houdon, 332; on 
inland navigation. 287n; and James River 
Company, 314. 31;sn, 344, 345n; and James 
River navigation. 301; and Joseph II, 349n; 
and journey with L, 266; and L family por~ 
trait, 218n. 230n; Lon, 91. 237, 324; L's 
affection for, 125. 132, 145, 146, 151, 153. 
164, 191, 207, 209, 216, 265, 323. 324, 327. 
438; L's assurances to, 31; and L's leave, 
116n; and L's proposal to free slaves, 330n; 
L's respect for, 202; L's visit to, 233. 235, 
237,243,261; and meeting with L, 268, 270. 
275, 276n, 277. 280n: on military affairs, 18; 
and military command. 122; military family 
of, 276; 277n; on needs of army. 114, 116n; 
and Newburgh Affair, 12lD; on New Or-
leans, 301; as possible leader of campaign 
against South America, 324n: and Potomac 
River Company, 314, 315n, 441; and Poto-
mac River navigation, 290n, 296. 301. 306, 
310; and proposed visit to France, 120; relaw 
tions with L, 10, 64, 72, 91. 9Sn, 115; re-
quests plated ware from L, 159, 193n; 
resigns as commander in chief, 154n, IS8n, 
195: and Society of Cincinnati, 158, 176, 
178n, 180, 201, 203n, 213, 227, 229n. 343. 
437: and Spanish jackasses, 298. 302n, 325. 
338. 343. 345n; statue of, 162. 165n, 186, 
336n; travels of, 241, 265n; and views on 
Continental army, 120: and views on naval 
superiority, 240; and western expansion. 
296, 337, S38, 343: mentioned, 29, 42, 67n, 
69n, 74n, 75, 85n, 88, 90. 130n, 137, 141, 
163, 167n, 176n, 197. 208n, 214n, 241n. 
254,286,306n,308n,310n,321,326.428 
-letters from, 62-64. 113-16. 119-21, 
135-36.155-62,194-96.279-80.289-90, 
295-99, 336-40, 342-45; calendared. 432, 
433,435.436.437,441,444: to Franklin, 
calendared, 435 
-letters to. 4-5, 8-10, 21-28, 48-51, 64-66. 
72-74,.90-9S, 124-26. 132-33, 145-47, 
151-54, 162-65. 179-80, 191-93, 205-9, 
216-18,264-66,287-88,324-27:cruen-
dared'429-31,433-35,437-43 
Washington, George Augustine (1763?-9S). 
former aide-de--camp to L, nephew of 
George: arrives at Charleston. 327: illness Of. 
64, 64n, 115. 125, 126n, 344: improved 
health of. 339; marriage of, 339, 34on, 344, 
.345n; and L, 116n, 324n; in West Indies, 
265n; toentioned, 5, 10. 24, 65, 66n, 74, 93, 
146, 154. 164, 192, 209, 265 
Washington. Lund (1737-96), cousin of 
George, estate manager at Mount Vernon. 
J.54, 192. 265 
Washington, Martha Dandridge Custis 
(1732-1802), wife of George: and departure 
for Virginia, 157: and home life. 237: and 
loss of mother and brother. 339: mentioned. 
5, 10.24,28,50,64.65,74,93.121. 125. 
133,146,154, 164. 192, 196, 208, 216, 237, 
265,280.32$,325,340 
Washington, Mary Ball (1708-89), mother of 
George, 93, 339 
Washington, America warship, 141, 176, 185, 
186, 191 
Wayne, Anthony (1745-96), Continental brig-
adier general commanding Pennsylvania 
Line, 234 
Webb, Samuel Blatchley (1753-1807). Ameriw 
can brigadier general, co--founder of Society 
of Cincinnati, 317-18 
Wengiezski, Polish count, 155, 157n 
West Indies (West Indias): British expeditions 
. to. 13n, 61, 63, 63. 71, 115; and dependence 
on North America. 32n; French expeditions 
to. 5. lon, 13n, 23. 31, 32. 49. 65, 70, 74n, 
78; FrenchwSpanish expedition to, 2:':. 26. 72, 
75.432; L's plantation in, 91; and provisions 
to French colonies, 218n; and slave markets, 
141; Spanish possessions in. 88; Spanish pre--
occupation with, 27; and trade between 
America and British colonies, 210, 213. 270, 
271n; and trade between America and 
French colonies. 150n, 172, 173. 176n. 183, 
216, 295n, 304-6, 310, 319,440; mentioned. 
126n, 265n, 339 
Westminster, England. 216, 335n 
West Point, N.Y., 66, 135, 137 
Wilberforce, William (1759-1833), friend of 
William Pitt, 157, 158, 159n 
Willem V (1748-1806), prince of Orange, st.ad-
holder of United Provlnces, 223.293. 295n 
Willet. Marinus (1740-1830), American lieu_ 
tenant colonel, 8 
Williams. Mr .• 339, 340n 
Williams, Jonathan (1750-1815), Franklin's 
grandnephew. 1940 
-letter to. calendared, 441 
Williams, Otho Holland (1749-94), assistant 
secretary·of Society of Cincinnati, 343, 
344n 
Williamsburg. Va., 265 
Wilmington, N.C., 4, S 
Wolcott, Oliver (1726-g7), peace negotiator 
with Indians: and L. 253. 264. 272, 273; and 
negotiations with Indians. 251, 252, 254n, 
255, 257. 263. 265n; and report to Congress, 
287n: mentioned, 259 
Wolcott, Oliver (cent.) 
-letter from, calendared, 438 
-letter to, 253-54 
Wolf Indians, 251 
Wurtz, M., 229 
York. Frederick Augustus. duke of 
(1763-1827), second son of George Ill, 345, 
349n 
Index 
Yorktown (York Town), Va.: American victory 
at, 6t:l, 127n-28n, 281n; and L's meeting 
with Washington, 276n; siege of, 5n, 28m, 
342n; mentioned, 29, 208n 
Young, Moses, secretary to Henry Laurens, 29, 
30 
Zeel:a;nd, United Provinces, 17n 
, 
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 
(Revised for vol. 5) 
Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834' 
Lafayette in the age of the American Revolution. 
(His The papers of the Marquis de Lafayette) 
Vol. 5: S. J. Idzerda and R. R. Crout, editors. 
"French texts": v. 1, p. 
Includes bibliographical references and indexes 
Contents: v. 1. December 7, 1776-March 30, 1778.-v. 2. April 10, 1778-March 
20, 178o-[etc.J-v. 5. January 4. 1782-December 29,1785. 
1.Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, marquis de, 
1757-1834. 2. United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Sources. 3. United 
States History Confederation, 1783-1789 Sources. 4. Generals United States 
Correspondence. 5. Generals France Correspondence. 1. Idzerda. Stanley 
J. II. Crout, Robert R. III. Series: Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert 
du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834. The papers of the Marquis de Lafayette. 
E207·L2&j '977 944.04'092'4 [BJ 76-50268 
ISBN 0-80'4-'576-4