A Collection of Winter Apparel for Chinese Male Couriers Including a Hard Shell Jacket, a Insulated Layer, and a Cargo Pants Boqi Fan Sports Product Design Program, University of Oregon SPD: 601 Thesis Capstone Research Dr. Susan Sokolowski June 12, 2021 Abstract At present, the vast majority of couriers work with equipment that uses cheap materials with simple production processes under cost pressure. Their most important use is perhaps only to indicate the brand of the courier company. The equipment mostly lacks a human touch for the couriers. Furthermore, they show that the hirers have neglected to invest in the company's branding in a far-sighted way. So in this project, I will focus on improving the silhouette, visual elements, and functional integration of existing products. The goal is for the kit to enhance the courier experience and allow the courier company to convey a more professional corporate image to the end-user and the potential audience. It is worth mentioning that numbers of Chinese logistics companies in recent years have good performance; there are enough funds to support staff uniforms upgrade, which makes the feasibility of my project has a reasonable foundation. With that being considered, this project is designed specifically for experienced male couriers who aged from 20 to 40 and work in 1st to 3rd tier cities in China. It is a collection of garments include a hardshell jacket and pant that provides the wearer with an improved weather-adaptive feature, an ergonomic fit, and an optimized pockets layout. It comes with a modular insulated layer that has a body mapped heat/ventilation zone. This will ultimately improve the couriers’ well being and professionalism. Historical Review China is one of the earliest countries in the world to establish organizations for sending messages. As early as the Xia and Shang dynasties, there was already an express delivery limited to transportation and mostly relied on human piggybacking, which was a way of life for some folks. Pieces of evidence from the oracle bones excavated from the Yin ruins confirm that in the Shang dynasty, more than 3,000 years ago, China already had a horse-transmission system similar to the express delivery system (Zhiziwei, 2019). At that time, those who deliver with carts were called "Ri" or "Chuan," and the ones delivered with horses were called "Di" or "Yi" (Zhiziwei, 2019). Meanwhile, express had no privacy at all, nor any means of regulatory. By the Western Zhou Dynasty, the government found that express could improve efficiency, so it set up numbers of relevant official positions. According to the "Zhouli - Qiuguan" records, the Zhou Dynasty officials then set up in charge of the post, logistics officer "Walker" (Zhiziwei, 2019) . Its duty requirement is "no matter how hard the job is, it needs to be delivered in time" (Zhiziwei, 2019). Compared to the early horse-dispatch system, the courier industry at this point became more regulated because of the imperial court's participation. It was divided into "Tu Xuan" and "Chuan Xuan," which were mainly used to transmit political decrees and military information (Zhiziwei, 2019) . The former was on foot while the latter was by mail carts. However, it was not widely used by people. In the Spring and Autumn Period, with the demand for express increased, the express industry's development vigorously speeds up. Then there was the horse, which instead of foot power—short distance orders delivered by a light rider and long- distance ones provided by relay. Therefore, the post station was born with the name not unified. It was called "Ju," "You," or "Zhi," the earliest post station system that every twenty miles to set up a station for courier and horse to rest (Zhiziwei, 2019). The establishment of the post station significantly accelerated the transfer of documents and military orders by ship, but at the same time, its security and confidentiality were still not guaranteed. By the Qin Dynasty, after the country was unified, the express industry has more transparent provisions. The common goods did not indicate a specific due time to reach the general distribution. Couriers will deliver an urgent labeled package at a speed of 300 miles per day (Zhiziwei, 2019). After they arrived at one post station, couriers do not even have time for resting and immediately changed horses before setting out on their journey, which could reach a speed of 500 miles per day (Zhiziwei, 2019). At that time, the courier costumes also got an absolute uniformity. The Qin dynasty used water and virtue as its motto; black color and six are preferred. The car with the rail were all six feet in width, and the horses used for courier business is better in six; the dress of the superior courier are black (Zhiziwei, 2019). In the Han Dynasty, black was not popular anymore, while couriers wore red uniforms. They also carried a red and white bag, a special mail bag. While in the Wei and Jin dynasties, Chen Qun of Wei wrote the first postal regulations in China’s history (Zhiziwei, 2019). Since then, the "express industry" has developed at high speed, increasingly standardized. During the Tang Dynasty, frequent international exchanges. Ambassadors and officials increased the number of business trips. The court changed the post station for the post to highlight its ushering and sending the "guesthouse" function, equivalent to today's guest houses. There were 1643 posts and more than 200 water posts in the heyday (Zhiziwei, 2019). More than 20,000 people engaged in stagecoach work. The government called up 80% of them to serve in shifts of farmers (Zhiziwei, 2019). Although the "express industry" developed rapidly in the Tang Dynasty, the "official express" was mostly for the royal family and dignitaries, and was rarely used by the private sector. However, there was also a demand from the private sector, and so the Biaoju was born. They mainly transported bulky goods, secured by a Biaoju, and escorted by a personal Biao-protector. As the business developed, there were also letter Biao, silver Biao, goods Biao, check Biao, food Biao, and personal Biao (Zhiziwei, 2019). It shows that compared to "official courier," the scope of a Biaoju is much broader, and the safety of the "goods" is more important, similar to today's "transportation insurance system" (Zhiziwei, 2019). In the Song Dynasty, the government set up a delivery store to deliver documents, which was more like a post office nowadays. However, there was one- word difference between it and "express." Compared with the post office, the courier store had three strengths: first, short distance, more institutions; second, round-the- clock, relay transmission; third, penetrating the interior, with an extensive, accessible communication network (Zhiziwei, 2019). At that time, the basic organizational principles of the "express" is to complete the delivery in the required time quickly. The time limit can be divided into three kinds: walking delivery, horse delivery, and dash delivery (Zhiziwei, 2019). The specific choice of which depends on the customer's requirements. The "Jin Yu Xin Shu" formulated during the Song dynasty is a collection of the two Song dynasties' laws and regulations (Zhiziwei, 2019). It was collected in the "Yong Le Da Dian" and is by far one of the complete communication regulations in ancient China (Zhiziwei, 2019). Documented by the Shanghai Almanac, during the Yongle period in Ming Dynasty, Minxin Bureau, also known as the Bureau of Letters, was founded (Zhiziwei, 2019). Xiexingchang in Shanghai County and other letter bureaus possibly be the predecessor of today's post office (Zhiziwei, 2019). By the Qing Dynasty, the postal delivery system was more perfected. All different post stations are collectively known as Post. The express speed can reach 600 miles a day. The number of National Post reached 2000, couriers came 70000, and post stations surpassed 14000 (Zhiziwei, 2019). Later on, the modern courier industry emerged in the West after World War II. With the advent of peacetime, world trade began to grow, and the global courier industry entered a period of booming growth. In 1979, China Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation (CFTC) signed an express delivery agency agreement with Japan Overseas News & Spread Corporation (OCS), becoming the first company to act as an agent for the international express delivery business. Immediately after that, in 1980, China Post started the international postal express delivery business (Wang, 2018). In the 1990s, the early private courier companies took shape, and they delivered goods, including customs declarations, commercial contracts, etc. The post office takes half a month to deliver these documents, deals, and high timeliness requirements. It is this demand that appeared, giving birth to the initial private courier enterprises (Wang, 2018). Activity Environment Usually at most of the time, couriers work in outdoor environment. It means that they are exposed to all kinds of climates and temperatures while operating. If we took Shanghai as the representative city in China, its visualized annual climate distribution of the different season. Shanghai summers are uncomfortably hot, humid, and mostly cloudy, while winters are cold, windy, and partly cloudy. Temperatures usually vary between 1°C and 32°C during the year, rarely falling below -3°C or above 36°C. The temperature in Shanghai is hot, muggy, humid, and mostly cloudy in the summer. The hot season lasts 3.0 months, from June 16 to September 14, with an average daily high temperature of more than 27°C. The hottest day of the year is July 27, with an average high temperature of 32°C and average low temperature of 26°C (Average Weather in Shanghai, n.d.). The cool season lasts 3.2 months, from December 4 to March 12, with average daily high temperatures below 12°C. The coldest day of the year is January 20, with an average low temperature of 1°C and an average high temperature of 7°C. The coolest day of the year is January 20, with an average low temperature of 1°C and an average high temperature of 7°C. (Fig.1,2) (Average Weather in Shanghai, n.d.). 18'~ m 18'~ 40°C .1FJ21a 35°C 320 6 /=l 16 B c 9 /=l 14 E3 30°C 2rc~ rc 25°C 26°C 20°C 3 ,Ej 1 15oC 1/=l 20 E3 12° 10°C 7°C ~ 5°C 6~9--'.fti; 0°C -5°C -10°C -15°C -20°C !!il.tt 1/=l 2,Ej 3,Ej 4,Ej 5,Ej 6,Ej 7,Ej 8,Ej 9,Ej 10 ,Ej 11/=l 12 ,Ej Fig.1 Average high and low temperature .t~12ft-.t ~~8ft-.t ~ ~ 4fl1 -,- ~~12ft-.t .t~aa-.t .t~4ft-.t .t~12a-.t 1/=I 2/=I 3/=I 4/=I 5/=I 6/=I 7/=I 8/=I 9/=I 10/=I 11/=I 12/=I Fig.2 Average hourly temperature 350~ * 300~ * 250~ * 6/=1248 200~ * 172~* 150~ * 3/=122 E3 100~ * 83~* 50~ * o~ * 1/=I 2/=I 3/=I 4/=I 5/=I 6/=I 7/=I 8/=I 9/=I 10/=I 11/=I 12,El Fig.3 Average monthly rainfall Shanghai receives the most rainfall during a 31-day period centered on June 24, with an average total cumulative rainfall of 172 mm (Average Weather in Shanghai, n.d.). The least rainy dates were around December 19, with an average total cumulative rainfall of 32 mm (Fig. 3) (Average Weather in Shanghai, n.d.). ~~m 100% 100% 90% 7 J=.1248 80% ~m•~ 70% 60% 50% 40% 1~}=17 E3 30% 2 % 20% 10% 1}=1298 0% !!i\tt 0% - -<>--- - - --,C::.- -------------------.....;;:- _j___ 1J=I 2 J=I 3 J=I 4 J=I 5 J=I 6 J=I 7 J=I 10 J=I 11}=1 12 J=I T~ I ff~ I ;ffl;i I ~~ I== ..::::== 13•c 16°c 1s·c 21°c 24•c Fig.4 Humidity Comfort Level Perceived humidity in Shanghai varies greatly seasonally. The hotter phase of the year lasts 4.7 months, from May 17 to October 7, during which the comfort level is hot, oppressive, or uncomfortable at least 25% of the time. The most stifling day of the year is July 24, with stifling conditions occurring 100% of the time. The least stifling day of the year is January 29th, when stifling conditions are almost never heard of (Fig.4) (Average Weather in Shanghai, n.d.). ~/Xl j\lf;j250~ 3.l=l9E3 ~,J,lf;j19.40~ !.!iU.f :,J,lf;j00~ 1.1=1 2.1=1 3.1=1 4.1=1 5.1=1 6.1=1 7.1=1 8.1=1 9.1=1 1O.l=I 11.l=I 12 .l=I Fig.5 Average wind speed In Shanghai, the average hourly wind speed undergoes small seasonal variations. The windier part of the year lasted 6.2 months, from November 13 to May 20, when the average wind speed exceeded 18.1 kilometers per hour. The windiest day of the year was March 9 with an average hourly wind speed of 19.4 kilometers per hour. The quieter part of the year lasted 5.8 months, from May 20 to November 13. The calmest day of the year is June 23 with an average hourly wind speed of 16.8 kilometers per hour (Fig.5) (Average Weather in Shanghai, n.d.). From the above analysis of the year-round climate charts, we can conclude that the average rainfall and the temperature in Shanghai is moderate. Therefore, the priority of the garment aims to water-resistance instead of thermal performance. Thus, the modular insulation allows the jacket to adapt to a more comprehensive temperature range while maintaining its waterproof characteristics. Activity Regulation and Success Achieving The goal of a courier's job is to deliver a package to its recipient on time and in perfect condition. But in today's world of vast numbers of parcels and scattered addresses in every corner of the city, it's no easy task to accomplish this simple goal. According to the monitoring data from the Postal Industry Security Supervision and Management Information System, Shanghai's postal and express enterprises handled more than 39.18 million express shipments throughout the day on November 11, 2019, up 16.95% year-on-year, which is three times the daily handling volume since the second quarter (Chen, 2019). The volume of packages received was more than 31.75 million pieces, up 15.14%, and the work of packages delivered was more than 7.43 million pieces, up 25.34%, another record high (Chen, 2019). The parcels are sorted at each level of the sorting center and arrive at the last receiving network. The couriers in charge of a particular area will deliver all the parcels belonging to that area together (Zhen, 2020). Due to China's advanced e-commerce, competition among courier companies is fierce. Consumers and businesses are becoming more and more demanding of their courier services. This has led courier companies to spare no effort in improving the speed of delivery. However, if they blindly pursue delivery speed, a significant number of parcels are bound to be intentionally or unintentionally damaged during the sorting process. The use of intelligent devices, intelligent packaging, machine image recognition by courier companies is becoming the industry norm. In 2017, the Cainiao Network launched a robot warehouse (Zhen, 2020). Jingdong Logistics also launched the whole process of intelligent unmanned warehouses (Zhen, 2020). This action significantly improved the efficiency of sorting, reducing the chances of artificial damage to the express. With modern intelligent sorting systems, couriers only need to ensure that the goods are delivered intact and on time to complete a single delivery successfully. In this process, the new design proposal involved in this project, although not directly affecting the speed of delivery (as this is no longer the only criterion to assess the goodness of the courier service), can reduce the distractions of the couriers during the delivery task (for example, reducing the impact of weather and clothing mobility on the courier's physical state during delivery or improving the courier's ability to carry packages), keep them in good professionality and help maintain the condition of the parcel and its contents. In this way, the professionalism presented in the parcel delivery can enhance customer satisfaction with the service and loyalty to the courier brand. User Data Analysis The target users of this project are couriers who live in Tier 1 to Tier 3 cities in China and do deliveries for major courier companies. Their ages range from 20 to 40 years old, and they include both young people who have just entered society and experienced couriers who have been in the industry for many years. More than 90% of them are males (Qiu, Shi, & Zou, 2019). According to the National Post Office's survey, the "post-80s and 90s" constitute the main body of the courier team. The overall youth of the courier group is one of the effects of the heavy workload of the courier grassroots (Qiu, Shi, & Zou, 2019). It seems that their task is quite simple: to deliver the parcels to the customers. As a matter of fact, in the highly developed courier industry, they also need to deal with some back-end matters, such as responding to system-assigned tasks after screening and sorting to reduce the error rate, or planning a reasonable delivery route to improve traffic efficiency (Qiu, Shi, & Zou, 2019). The couriers' primary transportation mode is a custom-made electric bicycle, which is slightly modified to fit a larger load. They usually charge their bikes fully before going to work to stay within a working radius without fail. According to the survey, the electric tricycle is the courier's first choice of transportation, and it isn't easy to have a substitute product (Qiu, Shi, & Zou, 2019). In the first-tier cities, Guangzhou, Beijing Express electric tricycle use rate is high, 87.2% and 84.42% respectively; Shanghai's primary delivery tool for electric bicycles, the use rate of 70% (Qiu, Shi, & Zou, 2019). Physiological and Biomechanical Needs Couriers have a few leading states of being at work: commuting on electric bicycles, walking with smaller packages in their hands, walking with larger packages in their hands, and loading large or overweight shipments with hand carts. These activities are all relatively routine behaviors that couriers repeat frequently. With this in mind, when designing equipment for couriers, more thought will be given to how to make them more comfortable and less restrictive in their movements. In other words, the starting point is to get the couriers to focus more on the task of delivery rather than on avoidable interruptions. According to the conclusions drawn in the chapter on the active environment, the suit needs to be more flexible in terms of thermal regulation performance in order to adapt to a broader temperature range. Therefore, to optimize the mid layer's warmth, it is also necessary to maximize the thermal map distribution corresponding to the warmth zone, taking into account the user's proprioception. The thermal sensations elicited by skin surface temperatures are a primary input to our sensing the surrounding environment, and our judging whether we are comfortable (Romanovsky, 2007). The skin's warm and cool sensitivities determine the thermal sensations experienced at different temperatures. They are important for the design of heating and cooling systems, especially those that condition local body parts via radiant beams, jets of air, or by contact with warmed or cooled conductive surfaces. Such systems include sport and protective clothing (Havenith, 2002). They serve both to mitigate thermal discomfort and to induce positive sensations of thermal pleasure through heating or cooling (T. Parkinson, 2016). Designers of such systems would benefit from knowing the sensitivity of different body surface parts to target the more sensitive ones (Maohui Luo, 2020). A study of High-density thermal sensitivity maps of the human body, aims to describe the distribution of thermal sensitivity across the entire body (assuming that thermal sensitivity is symmetrically distributed over the left and right body halves) at a high enough resolution to be used for locating specific areas of thermal input or extraction (Maohui Luo, 2020). The result clearly shows that there is a large regional variation in thermal sensitivity for different body parts. In general, the face is highly sensitive. The back of torso and neck is more sensitive than the front (note the darker colours for back than front for both heating and cooling). The abdomen is more sensitive than the chest. The seat is more sensitive than other parts of the trunk. The dorsum of the hand is more sensitive than the palm. The lower extremities are the least sensitive (Maohui Luo, 2020). Table 1 presents the sensitivity magnitude and variation for each body part. Body part Cooling Warming Average SD Average SD Face 1.89 0.43 1.36 0.53 Neck dorsal 1.73 0.22 1.38 0.44 Neck ventral 1.53 0.4 0.62 0.33 Chest 1.8 0.33 1.28 0.35 Abdomen 1.98 0.16 1.51 0.26 Back 2.02 0.21 1.3 0.37 Upper arm 2.07 0.23 1.3 0.39 Forearm 1.87 0.23 1.14 0.35 Hand palm 1.84 0.32 1.11 0.25 Hand dorsum 2.35 0.24 1.35 0.34 Buttock 2.16 0.48 2.14 0.45 Thigh 1.92 0.13 1.31 0.27 Lower leg 1.5 0.11 0.93 0.18 Sole 5 0.75 0.38 0.45 0.2 Foot dorsum 5 1.1 0.13 0.56 0.17 Sole 7 1.02 0.27 0.43 0.13 Foot dorsum 7 1.08 0.18 0.67 0.15 Table 1. Thermal sensitivity values for each body part. A) Tbennose nsitivity Very sensi1ive (3) Se-nsi1ive (2) Slightly sensitive (1) Not sensitive (0) Front Back f'ront 8.nck B) Thermal sensation Very oold/ho1 ( I 0) Cold/hol (7) Sligh1lycold/ho1 (3) Nol C-Old/hot (0) Fig. 6. A) Whole-body thermal sensitivity mapping, within 4 major levels. B) Whole-body thermal sensation mapping. The hair area on the head was not measured due to hair coverage. Fig. 6A shows the mapping of cool and warm sensitivities across the human body from both front and back views. The values average male and female results. The thermal sensation votes that underlie sensitivity values are mapped in Fig. 6B. Spot thermal sensation values range between 0.5 and 8.6 for cooling, and between 0.3 and 7.1 for warming, across the whole body. This indicates that our heating and cooling stimulus temperatures produce a wide range of responses without extreme sensations. The maps of thermal sensitivity and thermal sensation are very similar, showing the same pattern (Maohui Luo, 2020). As a result, these body mapping visualized data are the evidence for the layout of quilting or fleece weight distribution when designing garments, since the thermal management based on the body heat map can optimize the insulation efficiency and proprioception of the middle layer. When the user is riding on a scooter, the clothing's mobility and windproof performance in the riding position needed to be considered. Further, the planning of garment storage areas needs to take into account accessibility in the riding position. A study of motorcycle riding posture prediction using DHM (Digital Human Modeling) software or algorithms offers an estimation of human joint angles for a Fig.7 Joint angles studied by the researchers during posture evaluation of motorcyclists defined posture (Abdel-Malek, Yu, & Jaber, 2001). In DHM software platforms, posture analysis can be performed by defining comfort range of joint angles within the total range of motion (ROM) (Muthiah, Mondal, Singh, & Karmakar, 2018). Similar to ROM, motorcyclist’s perceived comfort joint angle (CJA) for various countries have been presented in Table 4 (Muthiah, Mondal, Singh, & Karmakar, 2018). Generally, the researchers for defining the rider*s posture (Fig. 7) consider eight relative joint angles (Muthiah, Mondal, Singh, & Karmakar, 2018). Researchers have used goniometer and faro-arm to measure the joint angles during motorcyclist’s perceived comfort/discomfort (Lawrence, 2013), Since the motorcyclists and motorcycles are apparently different from each other, results of motorcyclist’s CJA reported by various researchers differ by about 10-degree (Table 2) (Muthiah, Mondal, Singh, & Karmakar, 2018). Comparison of motorcyclist's perceived comfort joint angles for different countries. Barone and Curcio (2004) 1951 Chou and Hsiao, (2005) 196] Lawrence, (2013) 117] Stefano Barone and giovanni Lo Iacono (2015) (n • 4) (n • 60) (n • 120) 197] Population Italy Taiwan Nigeria Italy 01 159.3 159.5 0 2 so 39.7 40 so 0 , 140 140.2 139.3 128 04 160 169.8 169.9 0 , 110 103.4 103.8 101 0 . 78.2 79.0 121 0 1 93 0 s 155 "All dimensions in the tables are in degree. Table.2 The courier's leading work equipment is an intelligent device terminal that integrates information collection, query, communication, and multi-platform compatible docking (Li, 2018). It is roughly the size of a 6.5-inch smartphone. In addition, the courier will also carry some personal belongings, such as cell phones, wallets, keys, and other small-sized sundries (Li, 2018). Some experienced couriers also carry several envelopes and hand-filled sheets to distribute to customers who send frequently (Li, 2018). If there are too many items, they have to use a shoulder bag to carry them around (Li, 2018). This makes the hands’ pickup line too long. Properly planning the space of the uniform will effectively increase its efficiency. With the result from further studies, all data will be collected to output a comfortable/uncomfortable riding position for a specific area. This will give you detailed garment fit data that can be used to design clothing to fit that riding position. Pertinent Apparel Market Size According to the "2019 Annual Express Market Supervision Report" released by the State Post Bureau, the scale and quality continued to improve in 2019. The volume of express business exceeded 60 billion pieces, and the incremental volume exceeded 10 billion pieces again, contributing more than 50% to the growth of the world express industry (Zhao, 2020). The income of express business exceeded 700 billion RMB, accounting for 7.6‰ of GDP (Zhao, 2020). The income growth rate was four times the GDP growth rate, making positive contributions to steady growth (Zhao, 2020). More than 3 million employees in the courier industry, more than 200,000 new social workers provide essential stable employment support (Zhao, 2020). Others 2 10: Chart.1 Top 6 Companies 2019 Market Share Product Landscape BRAND: Nike/SF Express MODEL: Nike Shield Jacket RETAIL PRICE: Approx. $200 FEATURE: NikeShield technology BENEFIT: Excellent water resistance BRAND: Yunda Express MODEL: Winter Jacket RETAIL PRICE: Approx. $20 FEATURE: Water-repellent shell fabric BENEFIT: Good water resistance BRAND: Acronym MODEL: J87-WS RETAIL PRICE: € 1,413 FEATURE: The back construction is pleated. BENEFIT: It helps maintain the lowest of profiles when vacant, but generously expands when worn over most small to mid-sized daypacks. BRAND: Supreme/ The North Face MODEL: RTG Jacket RETAIL PRICE: $698 FEATURE: Detachable utility vest BENEFIT: Additional storage add-on and modularity for multiple situation. BRAND: Filson MODEL: Ridgeway Fleece Jacket RETAIL PRICE: $130 FEATURE: Polartec fleece BENEFIT: Highly breathable, lightweight and fast-drying BRAND: Nike ACG MODEL: ACG Microfleece Jacket RETAIL PRICE: $150 FEATURE: Sherpa fleece BENEFIT: Excellent hand feel BRAND: The North Face MODEL: Thermoball™ Eco Jacket RETAIL PRICE: $199 FEATURE: ThermoBall™ eco insulation BENEFIT: Keep warm even when wet BRAND: Chrome Industry MODEL: Bedford Insulated Jacket RETAIL PRICE: $130 FEATURE: Quilted poly with DWR finish BENEFIT: Water/wind resistance BRAND: SF Express MODEL: Work Pants RETAIL PRICE: $10 FEATURE: Standard cargo pockets BENEFIT: Extra storage BRAND: Dickie’s MODEL: DuraTech Ranger Ripstop Cargo Pants RETAIL PRICE: $49.99 FEATURE: Flexible ripstop fabric and RepelPro finish BENEFIT: Durable yet flexible, water and oil repellency BRAND: Arc’teryx LEAF MODEL: Alpha Pants Gen 2 Men’s RETAIL PRICE: $599 FEATURE: Premium fabric and trims, big cargo pockets BENEFIT: Excellent waterproof performance and extra storage BRAND: 5.11 Tactical MODEL: XPRT® Waterproof Pant RETAIL PRICE: $374.99 FEATURE: Half-length side zipper entrance BENEFIT: Can be worn over XPRT® pant Product Anatomy Typically, a hard shell jacket is made of waterproof fabric. Traditional waterproof materials are cotton canvas or twill impregnated with wax. Modern waterproof fabrics are mainly made of synthetic fabrics laminated with a waterproof and breathable membrane made of EPTFE. Simultaneously, the various types of waterproof zippers and seams tapes can ensure the garment's watertight effect. Most jackets are also designed to adjust the hood's fit to enhance further waterproof and windproof. The usual solution is to use elastic cords with snaps at the hood and hem, while individual styles may use Velcro or snap fasteners or thicker laces. Velcro or snap buttons are used at the cuffs. As for the insulated layer, typically, there are three ways to execute: synthetic filler, down filler, and fleece fabrics. The synthetic filler and down filler usually covered by a woven shell that has a better windproof property while fleece fabrics provides a comfortable proprioception. Some 2-in-1 system allows the insulation layer to be attached to the shell layer inside with fastening like zippers or cord-buttons. Manufacturing The garments in this system will use waterproof fabrics and waterproof accessories to meet the design proposal's requirements. So this part of the research is about the information about waterproof jacket production. The process of garment production begins with cutting pieces. With advancements in technology, there have been improvements in fabric techniques like Automated, Numerically Controlled cutting systems, which have Automatic blade cutting, Laser cutting, Water jet cutting, Die-cutting, etc (TextileSchool, 2018). The first two are widely used in garment production. The automated blade cutting machine is the most highly developed and widely used computerized cutting system, and numerically controlled knives cut multiple plies with great accuracy and speed (TextileSchool, 2018). Although an automated cutting system requires a substantial initial investment, it is considered the most effective investment for large-scale cutting production (TextileSchool, 2018). The next step in the garment production process is the sewing process, which serves to join the garment pieces. Different sewing processes correspond to specific functional requirements. In the sewn garments' production process with waterproof function, the watertight seal needs to be laminated after sewing the garment pieces together. This process requires a special laminating machine to cover the garment's seams with a waterproof seal and laminate it at high temperatures. This way, the garment will not allow water from the fabric's outer surface to penetrate inside the garment because of the tiny pinholes in the seams. There are three terms to discuss when examining the topic of seam sealing: fully taped seams, critically taped seams, and welded seams (Triple F.A.T. Goose, 2018). Each is distinct from one another, yet they all serve the same purpose, to keep water out. The first type of seam saling is Fully Taped Seams. This type of sealing involves a process where the waterproof tape is glued and/or heat bonded to each seam - almost as if it is welded to the jacket, which completely covers the holes left by the sewing needle (Triple F.A.T. Goose, 2018). Through this process, the seals become completely secure and make the garment at least as water-resistant as the fabric itself. Almost like fully taped seams, Welded Seam technique utilizes heat and pressure in order to bond the garment seams (Triple F.A.T. Goose, 2018). It implies that there are no stitch holes, no straggling threads, no seam tapes, and no sewing machines. This type of sealing does not work with all materials, but most thermoplastics are weldable. Polyurethane is one such material and is commonly used by outerwear companies in their layering/sealing processes (Triple F.A.T. Goose, 2018). This is why you may come across the term “plastic welding” when examining the label of your jacket. The plastic itself is the bonding agent, and once heated, holds the seam tightly together (Triple F.A.T. Goose, 2018). In Critically Taping process, only the critical seams are taped (areas that are most prone to cause water seepage). In most cases, these sealed seams are found commonly in the hood, around the neck and over the shoulders (areas where rain would most likely penetrate the exterior of the jacket) (Triple F.A.T. Goose, 2018). In insulated layer manufacturing process, making a woven based garment is different from making a fleece one in terms of sewing works. A woven based garment will be handled with a technique called quilting. It is the process of sewing two or more layers of fabric together to make a thicker padded material, usually to create a quilt or quilted garment (The Craft Atlas, 2018). Typically, quilting is done with three layers: the top fabric or quilt top, batting or insulating material and backing material, but many different styles are adopted (The Craft Atlas, 2018). The process of quilting uses a needle and thread to join two or more layers of material to make a quilt (The Craft Atlas, 2018). The quilter’s hand or sewing machine passes the needle and thread through all layers and then brings the needle back up (The Craft Atlas, 2018). The process is repeated across the entire area where quilting is wanted. Rocking, straight or running stitches are commonly used with these stitches being purely functional or decorative (The Craft Atlas, 2018). Quilting is done to create bed spreads, art quilt wall hangings, clothing, and a variety of textile products (The Craft Atlas, 2018). Quilting can make a project thick, or with dense quilting, can raise one area so that another stands out (The Craft Atlas, 2018). Materials Production of waterproof and windproof jackets, the first consideration is the choice of waterproof fabrics. In modern times, several more common synthetic waterproof fabrics are Vinyl, Polyurethane, laminated or coated fabrics, natural waterproof materials such as animal fur, such as wool, sheepskin. Plant-based materials, such as natural rubber, latex, mixed materials such as wax, or oil- impregnated cotton. The majority selection of modern waterproof and windproof jacket production is synthetic materials from the waterproof effect, safety performance, and service life factors. Laminates and coatings need added protection against abrasion and contamination from dirt. Therefore waterproof/breathable technologies are characterized as 2-layer, 2.5-layer, and 3-layer. Found on less technical jackets, 2- layer construction bonds a waterproof/breathable membrane to the underside of an outer fabric with a hanging liner protects the membrane on the inside (REI, 2018). Found on the best (and most expensive) jackets, 3-layer construction is similar to 2- layer in that the waterproof/breathable membrane is bonded to the underside of an outer shell fabric. On the inside, though, another fabric layer is also bonded to the membrane to protect it. This construction (though it sounds counterintuitive) allows a 3-layer jacket to be much lighter than a 2-layer jacket because it doesn’t include the weight of the hanging liner (REI, 2018). 2.5-layer construction starts with a waterproof/breathable coating on the underside of an outer shell fabric and then adds a thin protective veneer—the half layer—to protect that coating. A 2.5-layer jacket will typically be less breathable than either a 2-layer or 3-layer jacket, but it will also be less expensive. Because no inner fabric is required, some ultralight jackets might also have a 2.5-layer construction (REI, 2018). Thermal insulation can broadly be defined as the process of insulation against transmission of heat. In the context of thermal insulation for outerwear, there are two types – down insulation, which is made from goose or duck plumage; and synthetic insulation, or polyfill as its often referred, is comprised of polyester fibers (Thermore, 2012). Synthetic fibers are versatile options for outerwear insulation. Synthetic thermal insulation is much more resistant to moisture compared to animal-derived products, and in some cases can outperform natural fibers such as cotton, which is slow to dry after getting wet. It’s essential to consider synthetic insulation for thermal insulation for outerwear (Thermore, 2012). An alternative fabric for insulation layer is fleece. Fleece is a man-made wonder product, if there is such a thing. Despite being named after the ‘fleece’ coat on a sheep, it’s 100% synthetic and derived from plastic rather than a fluffy sheep’s coat – despite being fuzzy to the touch (Luka, 2018). The super soft, warm and breathable nature of this magic material makes it perfect for outerwear and all things cozy (Luka, 2018). Typically, this fabric is created from polyester (which comes from plastic). The fibres of polyester are woven into a light fabric which is brushed to help the fibers increase in volume (Luka, 2018). Occasionally other natural fibers are incorporated into the fleece such as wool, hemp or rayon to create a certain texture or vibrancy of the fabric (Luka, 2018). It can also be made from recycled plastics such as plastic water bottles, giving it an eco-friendly edge whilst being inexpensive (Luka, 2018). For polyester fleece, the polyester fibres needs to be made first. This is created using a chemical reaction involving petroleum and petroleum derivatives (Luka, 2018). The chemicals are heated until they form a thick syrup, which then hardens and is spun to form threads (Luka, 2018). Because of the structure of the fibres, fleece is extremely warm and breathable and allows air to flow through it easily (Luka, 2018). The characteristics of this fabric make it incredibly useful for keeping warm, particularly whilst being active. Fleece has a pile surface on both sides of the fabric, meaning each side has a layer of cut fibres (Luka, 2018). Air pockets can sit between the threads in this pile surface, meaning the material can hold in that bit more warmth (Luka, 2018). Not only is polyester fleece warm and durable, but it is moisture resistant making it ideal for extreme weather conditions or for sportswear which it became popular for in the 1990s, due to it being warmer than wool and much lighter to wear (Luka, 2018). Patent landscape US5555566A Method of enhancing posture using garment pocket structure Inventor: Louis Kuhn A method of enhancing posture by using a garment having an improved pocket structure which includes a restraining pocket configured such that, upon placing ones hands into the restraining pockets, the posture of the person wearing the garment is enhanced providing improved appearance. The positioning of the restraining pocket on the garment, as well as the pocket depth tend to improve posture by naturally forcing the shoulders back and pulling the stomach in. US20020157170A1 Security pocket assembly Inventor: Bernard Lipscher An improved security pocket assembly is disclosed for the secure storage of conventional items such as a cellular phone, a personal data assistant and different forms of currency and identification. The pocket assembly includes a front panel attached to a rear panel to form a pocket for retaining items and optionally may include a flap with a closure or a pleated pocket for additional storage. Furthermore, the flap contains a pocket on the underside for the storage of identification. Finally, a slit may be cut into the garment and flap for storage of a writing instrument. US9009870B1 Garment pocket for rapid extraction and deployment of a concealed weapon Inventor: William Joseph Connick, Jr. A novel garment pocket, and method for making said pocket, for the rapid extraction and Fit.. 2 deployment of a weapon concealed therein. One or more edges of the pocket are reversibly attached to the garment proper by means of quick release, easily disengaged, readily releasable, or break away fasteners. Said edge or edges being located and positioned to permit said weapon to be extracted from said pocket by means of a substantially forward thrust of the hand grasping the weapon through said edge or edges attached by said fasteners. Said hand being the one on the arm that is on the same side of the body as said garment pocket. The pocket of the present embodiments enables the weapon to be extracted from the pocket with a reduced chance of snagging and danger to the garment wearer. US20120158041A1 Tactical pants Inventor: Richard Gene Craig Tactical pants can include one or more features for retaining a utility object, such as a firearm, for protecting against ballistic projectiles, or for reducing the effects of F/G. 2 leg wounds. Various pants can include one or more of a weight distribution system, an anti-ballistic shield, or one or more tourniquets. JP3202339U Waterproof work pants Inventor: 康二 松倉 [PROBLEMS] To provide waterproof work trousers that are effective when worn together with boots on various . -·--- ··-·- .. C , 17 • C outdoor work that is easily contaminated by agriculture, • : • . : J horticulture, fishing, car washing, and other water and _, ___________ mud. The trouser body 11 and the trouser skirt 14 inserted 14b 14b into the boots B are separated from each other, and the upper end 14a of the trouser hem is brought into a midway position H higher than the lower end 13b of the trouser body. The band from the attached midway position H to the lower end 13b of the trouser body is determined to function as a cover C that surrounds the vicinity of the entrance portion of the boots from the outside. . Graphic and Color Application In order to highlight elements of corporate visual identity, such as brand color palettes and brand logos, their uniforms usually use corresponding colors. And these colors are, to a large extent, more conspicuous and recognizable. Brand logos and brand statements, etc., will make a visual representation of the uniform. Therefore, a lot of graphic design will revolve around these two points. COLOR: Hi-Vis/ Vivid Tone GRAPHIC: Delicate Text/ Indicative LOGO: Badge/ Functional Element COLOR: Monochrome/ Dark GRAPHIC: Brand Driven/ Indicative LOGO: Badge/ Functional Element Current Competitor SWOT Analysis Product Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats -Excellent -Relatively high -Endorsements -Various fabric price from cheap -Drop tail partnerships alternatives design with a famous brand -Clear brand -Limited -Competitive -Saturated identity functionality price market -Appropriate -Lacks -Various peer padding durability competitors -Premium -Half zipper -Lack of -Various fabric entrance equivalent cheap -Ergonomic fit makes competitors alternatives -Expandable wearability backpack inconvenient storage -High retail price -Excellent -High retail -Lack of -Various fabric price equivalent cheap -Modular utility -Heavy weight competitors alternatives vest -Reasonable upgrading of existing product -Nice fabric -Potential -Better fleece -Saturated -Multiple static application than market storage electricity regular products -Various peer competitors -Nice fabric -Potential -Better fleece -Overly -Multiple static application than fashionable storage electricity regular products silhouette -Baggie fit -Heavy weight -Excellent -Insufficient -Better -Saturated textile storage technology market performance matrix -Various peer -Lightweight -Configurability competitors materials -Multiple -Collar less -Configurability -Saturated storage -Horizontal -Classic market -Lightweight chest pocket silhouette -Various peer materials limits competitors accessibility -Clear brand -Excess -Competitive -Saturated identity decoration price market -Multiple -Lacks -Various peer storage durability competitors -Reasonable -Finish will -Appropriate -Saturated cost decay price and market -Waterproof, - technology -Various peer stainproof matrix competitors finish -Premium -High retail -Lack of -Various fabric price equivalent cheap -Articulated competitors alternatives silhouette -Excellent -Configurable material and notions’ matrix -Premium -High retail -Lack of -Various fabric price equivalent cheap -Articulated -Horizontal competitors alternatives silhouette side pockets -Excellent -Configurable limits material and accessibility notions’ matrix Project SWOT Analysis Strength: The system will be considered with pioneering design, superior performance materials, and manufacturing processes. The pockets’ arrangement, and the ergonomic fit will be considered and validated to achieve an outstanding experience. The configurable insulation layer ensures the outer jacket a wider range of temperature adaption. The cargo pants can be paired with the jacket to create the best overall waterproof performance and ergonomic advantage when riding the scooter. As an outfit, such an array of products will provide the purchaser with an overall solution. Weakness: Since waterproof fabrics will be used as the primary material, this collection may make the wearer feel hot in warmer weather conditions, even if the fabric boasts excellent waterproof and breathable features. The premium materials and possibly more complicated manufacturing processes may result in higher production cost. This is a potential disadvantage in project bidding. Opportunities: The market mainly lacks professional delivery apparel developed for couriers and is filled with simple products containing only essential functions. However, as China's e-commerce business grows year by year, major courier companies' business is also rising. They will have enough profit to upgrade and replace their existing obsolete equipment. The deployment of a revolutionary solution can also give courier companies a significant boost to their professional image. It's an investment worth considering for their brand building. Threats: Although there is no dedicated competitive program out there, the core of this product array: the apparel equipment in China, which has many apparel companies, is still easily overwhelmed by various manufacturers who are good at cost control. Because even if these major courier companies have sufficient budgets, the sheer number of couriers can make the apportioned cost of each set of equipment seem overstretched. Therefore, every detail must be carefully considered in the trade-offs of mass production to balance function and price. Mentor Mapping Ryan Aanderud: VP of design & marketing at Hua Feng Textile Group. (Confirmed) e Ryan Aanderud Hi Boqi. Great to meet you. Thanks for the email and your work samples. You are talented. I'd be happy to help you with your project. I just may need to be flexible on time based upon schedules. I'm sure we can make it work. Please just keep me informed of what you need and when. Talk to you soon. Ryan Personal Innovator Strengths Application Below are my strengths per “Strength Finder”: • Adaptability - People exceptionally talented in the Adaptability theme prefer to go with the flow. They tend to be "now" people who take things as they come and discover the future one day at a time. • Maximizer - People exceptionally talented in the Maximizer theme focus on strengths as a way to stimulate personal and group excellence. They seek to transform something strong into something superb. • Harmony - People exceptionally talented in the Harmony theme look for consensus. They don't enjoy conflict; rather, they seek areas of agreement. • Includer - People exceptionally talented in the Includer theme accept others. They show awareness of those who feel left out and make an effort to include them. • Deliberative - People exceptionally talented in the Deliberative theme are best described by the serious care they take in making decisions or choices. They anticipate obstacles. My capstone project is to design a set of advanced delivery equipment for Chinese couriers. First of all, this is a relative niche project. Few people pay attention to this silent yet profoundly impactful people in our daily lives. This is a reflection of my Inclusive strength. I want to improve these hard-working people's work experience so that they will have a greater sense of faith and responsibility for their work. And because of my Deliberative strength, I was able to plan this line-up correctly. It's a full category of apparel, footwear, and loading systems that need to have functional requirements based on a total solution and a complete set of visual elements. I am confident about this. Career Goal Support for Desired Role The selection of a garment, footwear, and equipment as my capstone project can examine whether I had progressed in multiple directions in the SPD program. Covering a more comprehensive product line with one idea requires overall thinking and appropriate research of the problem. Therefore, this project's experience will potentially test my capacity in the workflow that I mentioned in order to review and evaluate myself in the following performance: the understanding of the needs, the research for solutions, the overall aesthetic, and prototype fabrication. In the future, I hope that I can be a principal designer that can solve a specific need with multiple approaches. It starts from various perspectives before assigning appropriate design direction to team members, and come back to numerous feasible solutions after divergent thinking and research. I think this is the form of work I am looking forward to. Strategic Product Development • Detailed Baseline SWOT Analysis How Could We… Statement How could we improve the garments’ overall ergonomic and weather resistance, as well as the storage accessibility, for Chinese couriers? Parts of Improvement i. Jacket: Hood / Body / Pockets / Hem / Sleeves / Cuffs ii. Insulation: Collar / Body / Pockets / Hem / Cuffs / Sleeves iii. Pant: Waistband / Pockets / Legs / Cuffs / Crotch Areas of Improvement i. Jacket: Mobility / Water resistance / Positioning ii. Insulation: Mobility / Comfort / Thickness iii. Pant: Mobility / Water resistance / Positioning Query Path Jacket Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Allow head Potentially Add volume to Complex Hood moving inside block sights be helmet construction + Mobility compatible Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Seam sealing Stuffy after Apply more Higher cost Hood tape provides long time breathable + Water good water coverage membrane resistance resistance Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Decent overall Insufficient Folding at Thicker back Body fit for most room at rear shoulder and panels and + Mobility performance panel back less breathability Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Seam sealing Stuffy after Apply more Higher cost Body tape provides long time breathable + Water good water coverage membrane resistance resistance Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Seam sealing Stuffy after Apply more Higher cost Pockets tape provides long time breathable + Water good water coverage membrane resistance resistance Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Traditional Lacking easier Longer Excess Pockets layout fits most or quicker entrance and pockets can + Positioning user access to reposition get lost preference specific some pockets storage Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Elastic draw Excessively Zipped side slit Potentially Hem cord provides long hem sacrifice the + Mobility adjustability makes sitting waterproof uncomfortable property Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Slightly loose Lacking Add ergonomic Potentially Sleeves fit provides articulated features to produces more + Mobility appropriate construction to meet the offcut mobility fit a riding adaptable posture Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Seam sealing Stuffy after Apply more Higher cost Sleeves tape provides long time breathable + Water good water coverage membrane resistance resistance Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats At side of the Potentially limit Move sleeves Allow less Sleeves body panels, the movement slightly forward chest + Positioning easy to move when riding toward chest movement forward and backward Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Adjustable cuff Lack of Velcro or snap Excess Cuffs opening fits elasticity when button thickness at + Mobility most scenarios fixing the cuff adjustment cuff around the cuff Insulation Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Appropriate Large Reconsider the Potentially Collar collar opening obstruction height sacrifice the + Mobility allows most when swinging difference thermoregulation neck the neck back between the movement and forth front and back of the collar Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Standing collar Inner side of Use next to Fabric shrinkage Collar prevent heat the fabric does skin material may various + Comfort loss not have for collar lining sweat wicking Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Regular fit and Straight body Wider chest Excess wrinkles Body fleece fabric pattern width at back + Mobility allows most potentially movement limits the shoulder movement Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Excellent No sweat Add next to Thicken overall Body thermal wicking skin liner + Comfort regulation and property breathability Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Consistent Body sweat Lighter fabric Fabric shrinkage Body fabric zone at body sweat may various + Thickness thickness potentially zones prevents heat feels stuffy loss Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Overlock Rough touch Chain stitching Require liner Seams stitching at the stitching with woven + Comfort reduce seam fabrics thickness Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Stretch nylon No entrance Zipped pocket The zipper may Pockets pocket shell security entrance scratch hands + Comfort with wrap knit liner provide excellent skin touch and warmth Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Elastic draw The exposed Elastic binding Not adjustable Hem cord allows cord stopper at hem + Mobility the hem to be potentially be secured hooked Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Elastic draw Draw cord is Thicker draw Stiffer hem Hem cord allows too thin to be cord at hem + Comfort the hem to be comfort secured Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Stretch woven Elastic band is Elastic binding Less security Cuffs with elastic too wide for at cuffs + Mobility band secure the wrist wrist properly Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Stretch woven The woven Sweat wicking Fabric shrinkage Cuffs with elastic does not liner inside the may various + Comfort band secure provide good cuff wrist properly skin touch Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Set-in sleeve Lacking Add Potentially Sleeves and raglan articulated ergonomic produces more + Mobility sleeve mix elbow features to offcut provide good construction meet the shoulder to fit a riding adaptability movement posture Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Sherpa fleece Not sweat Add sweat Thicken overall Sleeves provide wicking wicking liner + Comfort excellent skin touch and warmth Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Consistent Arm sweat Lighter fabric Fabric shrinkage Sleeves fabric zone at arm sweat may various + Thickness thickness potentially zones prevents heat feels stuffy loss Pant Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Waistband Belt required Integrated Complex Waistband with beltloops waist construction + Mobility fits most body adjustment shape and elastic band Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Pocket flap Poor water DWR finish for Finish may Pockets prevents resistance in the shell fabric potentially fade + Water droplets shell fabric away resistance Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Traditional Lacking cargo Reposition Excess Pockets layout fits most pockets for some pockets pockets can + Positioning user extra storage and entrances get lost preference Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Slightly loose Lacking Add ergonomic Potentially Legs fit provides articulated features to produces more + Mobility appropriate construction to meet the offcut mobility fit a riding adaptable posture Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Durable cotton Poor water DWR finish for Finish may Legs ripstop resistance the shell fabric potentially fade + Water away resistance Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Regular cuff Not adjustable Velcro or snap Excess Cuffs opening fits for different button thickness at + Mobility most scenarios conditions adjustment cuff around the cuff Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Horizontal Front opening Longer front Visually Cuffs opening has will rise when opening imbalanced + Positioning great visual riding balance Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats Less crotch Limited crotch Add crotch Excess Crotch wrinkles movement gusset wrinkles + Mobility • Baseline Testing Plan Mobility Test Phase of Study Procedure Data Collected Timing Subject Sent invitation to SPD None N/A Recruitment classmates via emails or verbal invitation Subject Sign- Subjects contact me via Name, height 1 min Up emails or verbal confirmation Data Collection Subjects wear next-to- Pictures of subject’s 5 mins (at White Stag) skin apparel, and will be frontal and lateral view /subject measured to acquire Length of upper arm, lengths of limbs and length of forearm, trunk shoulder width, trunk length, thigh length, calf length Subjects wear baseline Elbow angle, upper arm 5 mins products, and sit on the rise angle, hip angle, and /subject scooter and maintain knee angle riding position Subjects stay on the Pictures of baseline’s 2 mins scooter, and I’ll take sleeve, body, hip, and /subject photos of baseline’s legs sleeves, body, hip, and legs to capture wrinkles and bunches Materials Required Scooter, baseline jacket, baseline insulation, baseline pant, data collecting form, camera Water Resistance Test Phase of Study Procedure Data Collected Timing Subject Sent invitation to SPD None N/A Recruitment classmates via emails or verbal invitation Subject Sign- Subjects contact me via Name 1 min Up emails or verbal confirmation Data Collection Subjects wear a cotton None 10 mins (by Walking) pullover under the /subject baseline jacket, and walk around where it rains for 10 minutes Subjects take off the Pictures of the pullover’s 5 mins baseline jacket before I frontal view, rear view, /subject check the pullover’s sleeves water marks Data Collection Subjects wear a cotton None 10 mins (by Riding) pullover under the /subject baseline jacket, and ride the scooter where it rains for 10 minutes Subjects take off the Pictures of the pullover’s 5 mins baseline jacket before I frontal view, rear view, /subject check the pullover’s sleeves water marks Materials Required Scooter, baseline jacket, baseline pant, camera Thermal Regulation Test Phase of Study Procedure Data Collected Timing Subject Sent invitation to SPD classmates None N/A Recruitment via emails or verbal invitation Subject Sign- Subjects contact me via emails or Name 1 min Up verbal confirmation Data Collection Subjects wear the baseline Grades of collar 10 mins (at Outdoor) insulation only, and walk around heat loss, body /subject where the temperature is around heat loss, 50℉ for 10 minutes. During this sleeve heat period, subjects grade the loss, hem heat perception of heat loss base on loss, and cuff the body map heat loss Subjects wear the baseline Grades of hood 10 mins insulation under the baseline heat loss, body /subject jacket, and walk around where the heat loss, temperature is around 50℉ for 10 sleeve heat minutes. During this period, loss, hem heat subjects grade the perception of loss, and cuff heat loss base on the body map heat loss Data Collection Subjects wear the baseline Grades of collar 10 mins (at Indoor) insulation only, and walk around heat loss, body /subject where the temperature is around heat loss, 40℉ with a wind speed of 17mi/h sleeve heat for 10 minutes. During this period, loss, hem heat subjects grade the perception of loss, and cuff heat loss base on the body map heat loss Subjects wear the baseline Grades of hood 10 mins insulation under the baseline heat loss, body /subject jacket, and walk around where the heat loss, temperature is around 40℉ with a sleeve heat wind speed of 17mi/h for 10 loss, hem heat minutes. During this period, loss, and cuff subjects grade the perception of heat loss heat loss base on the body map Data Collection Subjects wear a light-colored None 10 mins (at Indoor) cotton shirt under the baseline /subject jacket, and run a treadmill test for 10 minutes Subjects take off the baseline Pictures of the 1 min insulation before I check the shirt’s shirt’s frontal /subject sweat marks view and rear view Materials Required Baseline jacket, baseline insulation, baseline pant, light-colored cotton shirt, perception grading form, treadmill Storage Test Phase of Study Procedure Data Collected Timing Subject Sent invitation to SPD None N/A Recruitment classmates via emails or verbal invitation Subject Sign- Subjects contact me via Name 1 min Up emails or verbal confirmation Subject I measure the baseline Dimension and 20 mins Preparation products, 10 regular envelops, weight of the 10 package bags, a roll of envelops, package packaging tape, a smart bags, packaging terminal model, a smartphone, tape, smart terminal a wallet, a bundle of keys, a model, smartphone, pair of gloves, a water bottle, wallet, keys, gloves, some snacks, a pen, a pack of water bottle, napkin, a pack of cigarette, snacks, pen, and a lighter napkin, cigarette, and lighter Data Collection Subjects wear all the baseline Pictures of gearing 5 min products, try to put everything up frontal view, /subject into the pockets that all lateral view, and baselines have in a reasonable rear view distribution, then take pictures Footage of the testing process I use the marking tape to Pictures of marked 15 mins highlight the pockets that need frontal view, lateral /subject to be enlarged, re-positioned, view, and rear view and added, then take pictures Materials Required Baseline jacket, baseline insulation, baseline pant, 10 regular envelops, 10 package bags, tape, smart terminal model, smartphone, wallet, a bundle of keys, a pair of gloves, water bottle, 3 packs of snack, pen, cigarette, lighter, marking tape, camera • Consumer Testing Plan This research will target the experience pain points of current Chinese couriers' garments to conduct an anatomical analysis and synthesize the relationship between the data from the performance research to develop improvement strategies. Test subject: 10 Chinese couriers from different companies Questionnaire About water resistance About thermal regulation 1. Please grade the restrain levael ofb area 1. Please grade the body's water resis- 1. Please grade the front body's thermal 1. Please grade the sufficiency of the A to C of the sleeves when you riding on tance from 1-5. regulation from 1-5. pocket space from 1-5.