Forest Lands in Oregon and Washington Forestland ownership, timber, and mills Spring 2019 Part of year three of The Forest Service and Communities: The Relationships Between Land and People in the Pacific Northwest Region Ecosystem Workforce Program University of Oregon Ecosystem US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Team: Workforce Program (EWP) Team: Forest Service project sponsor Shoshona “Shoni” M. Pilip-Florea, Director, Pacific Northwest Region The Ecosystem Workforce Program is Office of Communications and Community Engagement a bi-institutional program of University Project lead of Oregon’s Institute for a Sustainable Maia J. Enzer, Washington Office, Ecosystem Management Environment and the College of Coordination Forestry at Oregon State University. Project managers Emily J. Biesecker, Pacific Northwest Region, Acquisition Management Project lead Nikola Smith, Pacific Northwest Region, Office of Communications and Heidi Huber-Stearns, Associate Director Community Engagement Layout, graphics, cartography, and design Forest Service year 3 creative team Autumn Ellison, Faculty Research Assistant Members of the creative team committed time and energy to advising, reviewing, and challenging the project to advance understanding of the Data analysis, visualization, and GIS Forest Service’s impacts on sustainable, natural resources-based economies. Colin Phifer, Faculty Research Associate Aly Warren, Pacific Northwest Region, Natural Resources Michael Coughlan, Faculty Research Associate Ryan Bansbach, Pacific Northwest Region, Budget and Financial Management Student contributions Lindsay Buchanan, Washington Office, Forest Management Stacie Duffy, Student Research Assistant Jessica Rubado and Max Wahlberg, Pacific Northwest Region, Resource Planning and Monitoring Karl Dalla Rosa, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry Kathryn Strawn, Pacific Northwest Region, Data Resource Management About this project This is a joint project between the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region and the University of Oregon Ecosystem Workforce Program. This project aims to help the Forest Service and its partners better understand and communicate the social and economic contexts in which the Forest Service operates and document Forest Service impacts in advancing sustainable natural resources-based economies. We designed this project as a collaborative learning process in which we would experiment with new ways to use, integrate, and represent data, with a focus on application of Forest Service data. Acknowledgments The support of the Regional Forester and the Regional Office Director Teams for this project has been instrumental to our ability to fulfill the project objectives, especially our learning process. We appreciate their leadership and willingness to try something new, to allow for learning, and to support many of their staff in continuing to coordinate with us in the third and final year of this project. We greatly appreciate the work of Emily Jane Davis, EWP Associate Director and Oregon State University lead, and Cassandra Moseley, EWP Director and this project’s principal investigator, for their work in the initial stages of this project as well as their continued engagement. We also appreciate the contributions and data support that the following individuals provided: Heather Zissler, Nick Goldstein, and Brenna White, Pacific Northwest Region Office of Communications and Community Engagement Dana Croll, Pacific Northwest Region, Natural Resources. All photos courtesy of US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region (https://www.flickr.com/photos/forestservicenw/). This document is one of three products created for this third year of the project, which are collectively classified as EWP Working Paper #95; all may be downloaded at: http://ewp.uoregon.edu/publications/working, or at the project page at: http://ewp.uoregon.edu/USFScommunities. For more information about this document, contact: For more information about this project, contact: Ecosystem Workforce Program Office of Communications and Community Engagement Institute for a Sustainable Environment Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region 5247 University of Oregon 1220 SW 3rd Avenue, 13th Floor Eugene, OR 97403-5247 Portland, OR, 97204 541-346-0675 503-808-2270 hhuber@uoregon.edu nikola.smith@usda.gov Region summary 25 million acres of Forest Service land Forest Service land WA: 23% of WA and OR 9.3M acres Other land ownerships OR: 15.7M acres 77% of land 75% of counties have Forest Service land Introduction WA: 18 counties no national 26 of 39 forest acreage counties 57 counties OR: The forested landscape of the Pacif- located. Finally, we report on the have national forest 31 of 36 ic Northwest is integral to the econ- employment trends in the forest acreage counties omy of the region. In this document, products industries from 2004-2014 we show the prevalence of federal along with a current summary of the forestland across Washington and forest-related jobs in both states. 2.34 acres of national Oregon, and how both state’s for- Returning to the regional perspec- forest per person est industry and related economies tive, we show haul distance to mills have changed over the years, with a across both states. We then demon- WA: 1.26 acres/ focus on current conditions. strate the relative availability of mill- person ing infrastructure to ranger districts OR: The following pages illustrate con- on national forests. 3.79 acres/ nections between landscapes and person people from both the Pacific North- The information in this booklet is a west region and state-specific per- synthesis of existing data that come 285 forest products spectives. We first summarize the from federal, state, and non-prof- mills (2014) amount of national forest land at it sources. As a consequence, al- the county level alongside county though the information between WA: population, giving important con- Washington and Oregon is similar 97 mills text for understanding usage of and tells parallel stories, the exact OR: forestlands. We then report on the years and metrics reported vary, re- 188 mills forestland ownership for each state flecting data source’s original meth- and the volume of timber harvest- ods and authors. Due to data avail- ed by different land owners. We ability, we selected three snapshots 101,370 jobs in forest connect timber harvested to forest in time for each state as our frame of products industries product mills and jobs for Washing- reference, beginning in 1998 to 2014 WA: ton and Oregon communities over to show changes in recent decades. 40,360 time, using the same time series to All data sources and methods are (2017) illustrate both the total number and reported in the appendix of this OR: type of mills and where the mills are document. 61,010 (2015) 1 Washington and Oregon land ownership National forest units and other land ownerships Okanogan- Wenatchee Colville Mt. Baker- Snoqualmie Seattle Spokane Olympic 90 Gifford Pinchot Umatilla 84 Portland Columbia River Gorge U.S. Forest Service lands Other federal land Mt. Hood Wallowa- Whitman Reservation/Native American State Urban* Private Ochoco Water Siuslaw Malheur Eugene Willamette Deschutes Umpqua 5 National forestFremont- Rogue River- Winema Other federal land SiskRiyRouS Reser0vationM/Nileastive Am50erican National forest State Other federal land Urban Created February 2019Ecosystem Workforce Program Reservation/Native American Private University of Oregon National forest ■ State ■ Water ■ Other federal land ■ Urban Interstates ■ Reservation/Native American □ Private2 State Water Urban Private Water Washington and Oregon land ownership Washington and Oregon population density, 2010 census National forest units and other land ownerships Counties, interstate highways, and population density .. . ·. ~ -- . ~- • I\ \' I ,,, . l ·~ , l) s: , l -. l ...... ~ ~ '-I J.' '. '- _j_ , r ) . . . 7-/ l .j , I ' ,; I ..< I - .1 Created February 2019 Ecosystem Workforce Program University of Oregon Density = People per square mile County lines Interstates 0 1 50 500 85,000 3 Washington State land ownership: The Forest Service at a county level Land from six national forests and one national scenic area covers one fifth of Washington. Most of the state’s population lives in the 26 (of 39) counties that contain national forest land. Counties with national forest land have both large and small populations, covering both rural and urban areas. County-level information provides important context for national forests and county governments on how people use, and what they may expect from, the forests that are a part of the landscape. Here we present national forest land area and population estimates at the county level in Washington. Washington State contains: 7 national -covering- 9.3 million -in- 26 forest units acres counties Washington State area and population: Area: Population: (45.6 million acres total) (7.4 million people total, 2017) National Population in counties with some national forest land forest land 6,000,883 people (81%) 9.3 million acres 20.3% L DPopulation in Other land counties without 36.3 million acres national fore st 1,404,860 people (19%)land National forest land in Washington State counties* Whatcom Okanogan- 28% Wenatchee Colville National forest NF NF Other federal land San Skagit Juan 30% Okanogan Pend Ferry Oreille County name Island 44% Stevens Percent of the Clallam 33% %Mt. Baker- 14% 57% county area that 12% Snohomish Snoqualmie is national forest NF 45% Chelan Jefferson 71% Spokane * Pie charts shown for 12% counties with 1% or greater Seattle Douglas Kitsap national forest coverage. Olympic NF Mason King Lincoln Spokane Clark, Thurston, and Walla 25% Walla counties have less Grays 19% than 1% coverage and are Harbor Olympia Kittitas not included. 10% Pierce 32% 90 5 11% Grant 0 50 Adams Thurston Whitman miles Pacific Lewis Garfield 29% Franklin 21% Yakima Columbia Whakiakum Gifford 18% 28% AsotinCowlitz 84Pinchot 5% NF 13% Benton Walla Walla Skamania Umatilla NF Klickitat Clark Created March 2019 || Ecosystem Workforce 78% 1.4% 0 Program, University of Ore1g0o0n Miles Columbia River Gorge NSA 4 2017 population & acres of national forest Acres of national forest Washington State land ownership: The Forest Service at a county level Counties (Orange bar= population; each tree= 10,000 national forest acres) per county resident Asotin 22,535 people 2.4 54,261 acres • Chelan 76,533 people ~ttmtttmtttttttt ttttmtttmttttttt tmtttmttttmttt tmttttmtttmttt tttmtttttttmtttt ttttmtttmttttt ~ 19.41,360,223 acres tt ~ • 75,464 people Clallam tttmtm 2.6 198,819 acres Mtttttttt • 4,047 people Columbia • 39.3159,209 acres106,910 people Cowlitz .3 34,618 acres 7,594 people Ferry •mmmmmm t•mmmmmm tttJ 62.8476,581 acres •• 2,210 people Garfield • 43.1 95,337 acres -- 72,697 people • Grays Harbor tMMl 2.0 144,321 acres Mtt! • 31,234 people Jefferson ~ • 5.3166,834 acres ttt!lW 2,188,649 people King tHtttttttttttttt t•tt~ .2365,823 acres ~ 46,205 people Kittitas .tt.•.t.t.tt.t.t.t .t.t.t.t.t.t.t.tHM485,430 acres ..... • 10.5 21,811 people Klickitat • .8 17,666 acres 1 78,200 people Lewis mmmmmmt• ••mmmmmmtM 5.7445,184 acres ~ • 63,710 people Mason Mttt 2.0 128,161 acres Mtl • 41,742 people Okanogan tttHttttt tHtHtttt tttttttttt tttttttttt tttttttttt tttttttttt tttttttttt tM 36.0 1,501,851 acres tttttttttt tttttttttt tttttttttt tttttttttt tttttttttt tttttttttt tttttttttt tM 13,354 people Pend Oreille mtmtmtt• • 526,695 acres mm mummtmtmt ~ 39.4Mtl 876,764 people Pierce Mtt! • 130,732 acres Mtl .1 125,619 people Skagit mmm• t~ 371,488 acres .......... t~ • 3.0 11,837 people Skamania 845,760 acres ttmtttmmmm mmmmmttttt ttmtttmmtmt• mummmmut it! 71.5~ 801,633 people Snohomish mmmt m•mm637,336 acres mmmt mmmt tmmmm•mm tttl •• .8 44,730 people Stevens tmttmtmmtt•t t. 220,907 acres t, • 4.9 221,404 people Whatcom ttmtmt ttmtt458,083 acres mtmttt ttmttmm ttt tt! • 2.1 250,193 people Yakima tttttttttt .......... Wtj 506,023 acres mumtt m•mm • • 2.0 5 Forest lands and processed timber in Washington State More than half of Washington State is forested. Landownership varies across the state’s forest lands, as do the management objectives of different landowners. Overall, more than a third of Washington’s forest land is managed by the Forest Service. One way that forest lands contribute to the state’s economy is through timber production and harvesting that supports industries like cabinet, plywood, paper, veneer and other forest product manufacturing. All Washington national forests, like other forest lands across the state, contribute timber to these industries. Washington State forest land and landowners Forest land benefits: US Forest Service 37.6% Forest land in Washington State contributes more Non-forested than 3 billion board feet land area Forested land area: Private industrial forest a year to forest products 20.2 million acres 22.4 million acres 21.6% 47.4% 52.6% industries, in addition to Non-industrial other assets like recreation, private forest habitat, and ecosystem Other federal 21.6% services. forestland 1.1% State & local WA State land area (water not included): National government forest 42.6 million acres park forest 12.5% 5.5% Timber harvested from Washington forest lands by landowner (million board feet (mmbf))1 Bureau of Indian Affairs Private US Forest Other public State Service agencies 3044 564 111 275 46 4,022 total mmbf 2528 404 75 418 59 3,484 total mmbf 2456 585 116 48 3,206 total mmbf Timber harvested from Washington national forests* and milled in-state (thousand board feet (mbf))1 *Umatilla National Forest harvest volume is reported in Oregon data 35,000 Years shown in chart: 30,000 1998 25,000 --D 2006201420,000 15,000 2017 timber harvest: 10,000 128 mmbf of timber was harvested from Washington national forests 5,000 in FY 2017, an increase from the 0 previous years shown here. Colville Gifford Mount Baker- Okanogan- Olympic \. Pinchot Snoqualmie Wenatchee 1 These charts show reported timber harvest volume, not volume sold. Timber sales are not necessarily harvested in the year they are sold. 6 mbf 2014 2006 1998 Jobs and wages from forest lands in Washington State 50 Jobs in forest products industries in Washington employ tens of thousands of people in the state. In addition to 4u0nderstanding these types of jobs and how they factor in the state’s economy today, it can also be useful to understand recent industry trends. The data presented on this page consider only direct jobs in the forest products industry. Indirect jobs (e.g., those supported through spending by the forest products industry on mWaterials and support services) employ 3te0ns of thousands more people, and have an additional impact on the state economy. Although direct forest products industry jobs account for only 1.3 percent of all jobs in the state, their impacts can be experienced differently in urban and 2ru0ral areas. Multiple sources synthesize economic data for these industries, resulting in differenAt levels of detail displayed in the figures below. 10 The Washington forest products industry in 2017 provided an estimated: r0 2004 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 2014 40,360 -with- $60,800 -accounting for- $2.5 billion direct jobs average salary in direct wages \.. 50 Statewide estimate of direct jobs from working forests in Washington, 2017 40 Total forest products5 i0ndustries employment 30 40 1.3%)Lumber and wood products direct forest produ cts industry jobs ( 40,360 20 30 Paper and allied products Forest 10 and Wood Paper FurnitureWholesale 20 logging product WA 5,053 manufacturing manufacturing 5,419 6,556 9,246 jobs jobs jobs 0 2004 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 2014 jobs 13,226 jobs10 Ports/ transportation App0roximately 3,186,610 total 2004 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 2014 860 jobs jobs in Washington State 64000 Timber harvested from Washington national forests* and milled in-state Recent trends: Forest products industries employment and salary, 2004–2014(thousand board feet (mbf))1 60000 Employment, direct jobs Average annual salary, adjusted to 2018 dollars 50 $64K 56000 40 Total forest products industries employment $60K Paper and allied products 30 $56K 52000 L-um-be-r a-nd- w-oo-d -pro-du-ct-s Total forest products industries employment20 Paper and allied product~s ---- $52K Lumber and wood products 48000 10 $48K 0 2004 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 2014 $44K 2004 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 2014 44000 Year Year 7 64000 60000 $64K 56000 $60K Paper and allied products $56K 52000 Total forest products industries employment $52K Lumber and wood products 48000 $48K $44K 2004 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 2014 44000 1,000s of jobs Average annual salary Washington Mill Economic Zones and mill numbers Changes in mill numbers over time show how access to markets and potential impacts to forest products industries have shifted in the past two decades. On the following pages, we show the results of three recent survey efforts by the state of Washington to identify operating mills. Mills are tallied by “Mill Economic Zone,” as shown on the map and in the table below. Zones are defined by the Washington State Department of Natural Resources. Zones follow county lines but often cross forest boundaries. The maps on the following page show these data in greater detail, with the number of reporting mills in each county, as well as the types of mills during each survey year. These snapshots are useful for showing trends in Mill Zonmeill tsypes and numbers over time, however because they are based on voluntary surveys and response rates, data for any given year may not be exact. Washington Mill Economic Zones Colville Puget NF National forest Inland Other federal land Sound Mill economic Mt. Baker- EmpireOkanogan- zones Snoqualmie Wenatchee NF NF Counties Central Spokane Seattle Washington Olympic NF Olympic 90 Peninsula Gifford 5 Pinchot 0 20 40 Miles NF Lower UmatillaNF Columbia Created March 2019 || EcCosreyastteedm: 3W/2o7r/k2f0o1rc9e Ecosystem WorkforPcero Pgroragmra,m U, nUinvieversrsitiyty ooff OOrreeggoonn. Columbia River Gorge NSA Number of mills in Washington per Mill Economic Zone by year Economic Zones and counties 1998 2006 2014 Olympic Peninsula Economic Zone Counties in zone: Clallam, Jefferson, Grays Harbor, Mason, Thurston, Lewis, Pacific 10 9 5 National forests in zone: Olympic, Gifford Pinchot Puget Sound Economic Zone Counties in zone: Whatcom, Skagit, Snohomish, King, Pierce, Kitsap, Island, San Juan 94 58 47 National forests in zone: Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie, Okanogan-Wenatchee, Gifford Pinchot Lower Columbia Economic Zone Counties in zone: Wahkiakum, Cowlitz, Clark, Skamania, Klickitat 29 21 16 National forests in zone: Gifford Pinchot, Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area Central Washington Economic Zone Counties in zone: Okanogan, Chelan, Douglas, Lincoln, Adams, Franklin, Grant, Benton, Kittitas, Yakima 50 33 14 National forests in zone: Okanogan-Wenatchee, Gifford Pinchot Inland Empire Economic Zone Counties in zone: Ferry, Stevens, Pend Oreille, Spokane, Whitman, Garfield, Columbia, Walla Walla, Asotin 20 15 8 National forests in zone: Colville, Umatilla 203 mills 137 mills 97 mills 8 US Forest Service lands, Pacific Northwest Region Mill economic zones US Forest Service lands, other regions BLM and other federal lands Shake and shingle (39) Log export (31) Post, pole and piling (10) Roundwood chipping (14) Lumber Lumber Veneer & Plywood Veneer & Plywood Pulp and Board Pulp and Board Shake and Shingle Shake and Shingle Log Export Log Export Post, Pole and Piling Post, Pole and Piling Shake and shingle (39) Roundwood Chipping Washington Mill Economic Zones and mill numbers Mills in Washington: Snapshots over timeLog export (31) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Roundwood Chipping Post, pole and piling (10) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 RSohuanke and cshhiipnpg dlewood ing ( 3(194)) Whatcom Lumber Log e2xport 0(31)3 San Juan Skagit Okanogan Pend Lumber Post, pole and Puget Ferry Stevens Oreille piling (10m) ills Island Veneer & PlywoodSound 2006 Roundwood Clallam Inland Mills in each county chipp1in9g (9148) Snohomish Lumber Veneer & Plywood Empire Jefferson Chelan No mills (13 counties) Pulp and Board Lumber (68) Lumber (76) Olympic Douglas Kitsap 1-5 (16 counties) Lumber Spokane -CJ Peninsula King LincolnVeneer & Plywood Central Veneer and Pulp and Board Veneer and -6-10 (4 counties)plywood (11) plywood (15) Mason Shake and Shingle WashingtonGrays 11-15 (1 county) Pulp and HarborVeneer & Plywood Pulp and board (12) board (18) Pierce Kittitas Grant Thurston AdamsPulp and Board Shake and Shingle Whitman -16-20 (3 counties) Shake and Shake and Log Export shingle (16) shingle (39) 21-25 (1 county)Pacific Lewis - Pulp and Board Franklin Garfield 26-36 (1 county) Log export (11) Log export (31) Wahkiakum -Shake and ShingYleakima Log Export Cowlitz Columbia Post, pole and Post, pole and Post, Pole and PilingSkamania Benton Walla Walla Asotin piling (6) piling (10) Shake and Shingle Roundwood Roundwood Lower ColumLog ExbportiaPost, Pole and Piling chipping (13) chipping (14) Clark Klickitat Roundwood Chipping Log Export 0 20 40 80 120 160 Economic Zones Post, Pole and Piling0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Roundwood Chipping Miles Number of Mills 1998 Post, Pole and Piling0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 (13) 2014 Roundwood Chipping Whatcom 1 - 5 (16) San 6 - 10 (4) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Roundwood Chipping Lumber (40) Lumber1 (76)37 Juan Skagit Okanogan Pend Puget Ferry Stevens Orei1lle1-15 (1) Veneer and Veneer and Island 0 10 20 m30 4i0ll5s0 60 70 80 16 - 20 (3) plywood (8) plywood (15) Clallam Sound Inland Mills in each county2006 1998 Pulp and Pulp and Snohomish Empire21 - 25 (1) board (11) board (18) Jefferson Chelan No mills (11 counties) Douglas 26 - 36 (1) Shake and ShLaukme baenrd ( 68) LumbOerl (y76m) pic Kitsap 1-5 (19 counties) shingle (8) shingle (39) Central Lincoln SpokanePeninsula King Veneer and Veneer and 6-10 (4 counties) Log export (15) Lopgl yewxpooordt ((3111)) plywood (15) Mason Washington2006 1G9raHarb9ys 8 11-15 (4 counties)or Post, pole and PoPstu, lp oalned a nd Pulp and Kittitas Grant piling (5) pilibnoga (r1d0 ()12) board (18) Thurston Pierce Adams 16-20 (1 county)Whitman Roundwood RoSLuunhmdakwbeoe oar nd(6d 8 ) SLuhmakbee ar n(7d6 ) 21-25 (0 counties) chipping (10) chsiphpininggle ( 1(146) ) shingleP a(3ci9fi)c Lewis Veneer and Veneer and Franklin Garfield 26-36 (0 counties) Lpolygw eoxopdo r(t1 (11)1) Lpolygw eoxopdo r(Wt1 (5a3)h1k)iakum Yakima Columbia PPoulp and Cowlitz st, pole and PPouslpt, apnodle and Skamania Benton Walla Walla Asotin pbiolinargd ( (61)2) pbiolinargd ( (1108)) RSohuankdew andsh ood RShake and Lower Columbia chiipnpgilneg ( 1(163)) cshh oiunndwood ippgilneg ( 3(194)) Clark Klickitat Log export (11) Log export (31) Zones Post, pole and Post, pole and 0 20 40 80 120 160 piling (6) piling (10) Miles Number of Mills 2006 Roundwood Roundwood ch2ip0pi1ng4 (13) chipping (14) 0 (11) Whatcom 1 - 5 (19) 97 San Juan Pend 6 - 10 (4)Lumber (40) Lumber (76) Skagit Okanogan Puget Ferry Stevens Oreille 11 - 15 (4) Veneer amnd Veneer and Islandpl2yw0oo1d4 (8) ills plywood C(1la5l)lam Sound Inland 16 - 2M0- (i1l)ls in each countyPulp and Pulp and Snohomish Empireboard (11) board (18) Jefferson Chelan 21 - 25 (0) No mills (15 counties)DouglasSLuhmakbee ar n(4d0 ) SLuhmakbee Oar n(7dl6 y) mpic Kitsap 26 - 36-[ (0_) J 1-5 (16 counties)shingle (8) shinglPe (39) Spokaneeninsula King Central LincolnVeneer and Veneer and 6-10 (5 counties)Lpolygw eoxopdo r(t8 ()15) Lpolygw eoxopdo r(t1 (53)1) Mason WashingtonGrays 11-15 (2 counties)Pulp and HarborPost, pole and PPouslpt, apnodle and Kittitas pbiolinargd ( (51)1) pbiolinargd ( (1108)) Thurston Pierce Grant Adams -16-20 (1 county)Whitman RShake and Shake and cshh oiundwipnpgilneg ( o8od Roundw (1)0) cshhiipnpgilneg ( o3o9d) 21-25 (0 counties) P(1a4ci)fic Lewis - Franklin Garfield 26-36 (0 counties) Log export (15) Log export (3W1a)hkiakum Yakima - Cowlitz Post, pole and Post, pole and Skamania Benton Columbia Walla Walla Asotinpiling (5) piling (10) Roundwood Roundwood Lower Columbia chipping (10) chipping (14) Clark Klickitat 0 20 40 80 120 160 Miles Number of Mills 2014 9 0 (15) 1 - 5 (16) 6 - 10 (5) 11 - 15 (2) 16 - 20 (1) 21 - 25 (0) 26 - 36 (0) 2014 2006 1998 Oregon State land ownership: The Forest Service at a county level Land from eleven national forests and one national scenic area covers one quarter of Oregon. Most of the state’s population lives in the 31 (of 36) counties that contain national forest land. Counties with national forest land have both large and small populations, covering both rural and urban areas. County-level information provides important context for national forests and county governments on how people use and what they may expect from the forests that are a part of the landscape. Here we present national forest land area and population estimates at the county level in Oregon. Oregon State contains: 12 national -covering- 15.7 million -in- 31 forest units acres counties Oregon state area and population: Area: Population: (63 million acres total) (4.14 million people total, 2017) National Population in counties with some national forest land forest land 3,459,242 (86%) 15.7 million acres 24.9% Population in Other landowners: counties 683,534 people (14%) without national 47.3 million acres Cforest land National forest land in Oregon State counties* • Clatsop Columbia Umatilla Umatilla 19% NF Columbia River Gorge NSA 26% 84 Tillamook Portland Hood WallowaRiver Sherman 10% Washington Multonomah Morrow Union 57% 11% Yamhill 61% 47% Clackamas Gilliam 5% Wallowa- 45% Wasco Whitman Marion 11% NF Salem Polk 27% Mt. Hood NF Wheeler Baker Lincoln 15% 33% Jefferson National forest 23% Benton 24% Grant 4% Linn 55% Other federal land 31% Ochoco NF Siuslaw Deschutes -County name NF Crook Eugene 51% 23% Malheur NF Percent of the Lane %Willamette county area that 47% NF is national forest Deschutes NF Douglas Harney * Pie charts shown for 31% G8% counties with 1% or greater Coos Malheur national forest coverage. 7% 5 Umpqua NF Lake Polk and Malheur counties 19% have less than 1% coverage and are not included. 0 50 Curry Jackson Fremont- miles 49% Josephine 25% Winema NF 38% Rogue River- Klamath Siskiyou 45% NF Created March 2019 || Ecosystem Workforce Program, University of Oregon 0 100 Miles 10 2017 population & acres of national forest Acres of national forest Counties (Orange bar= population; each tree= 10,000 national forest acres) per county resident 16,054 people Baker 40.3647,308 acres • 90,951 people Benton 0.217,779 acres 412,672 people Clackamas 1.3537,834 acres 63,888 people Coos 1.380,213 acres 23,123 people Crook 18.8435,597 acres • 22,669 people Curry • 27.3619,324 acres 186,875 people Deschutes • 5.3989,444 acres 109,405 people Douglas 9.21,007,066 acres • 7,190 people Grant n___. mumm mumumm 221.61,593,123 acres 7,289 people Harney 71.8523,079 acres ~ • 23,377 people • Hood River ~. ... 209,199 acres • 8.9 217,479 people Jackson 2.1451,976 acres mfl. . jt! 23,758 people "~"."a"-a-•-""'~ Jefferson 11.7278,253 acres mt!-"W • 86,352 people J Josephine "". ... • 4.7401,635 acres 66,935 people Klamath 26.21,755,409 acres • 7,863 people Lake 130.51,026,226 acres 374,748 people Lane 3.81,423,276 acres • 48,920 people Lincoln 3.6174,119 acres • 125,047 people Linn 3.7464,141 acres • 341,286 people Marion 0.6203,930 acres 11,166 people Morrow 12.9144,196 acres • 807,555 people Multnomah • 0.178,766 acres II 26,690 people Tillamook 88,793 acres mr • 3.3 76,985 people Umatilla ;;11.ui•. . i 403,048 acres • 5.2 26,222 people _ ..! Union 23.5617,283 acres • 7,051 people Wallowa ~ 163.31,151,779 acres 26,437 people Wasco • 6.6 175,266 acres - 1111111 • 1,357 people Wheeler 169,154 acres 105,722 people Yamhill - 124.70.2 24,941 acres f 11 Forest lands and processed timber in Oregon State Nearly half of Oregon State is forested. Landownership varies across the state’s forest lands, as do the management objectives of different landowners. Overall, almost half of Oregon’s forest land is managed by the Forest Service. One way that forest lands contribute to the state’s economy is through timber production and harvesting that supports industries like cabinet, plywood, paper, veneer and other forest product manufacturing. All Oregon national forests, like other forest lands across the state, contribute timber to these industries. Oregon State forest land and landowners Forest land benefits: US Forest Service 47.6% Forest land in Oregon Non-forested Forested land area contributes more than 3.5 land area 29.7 million acres Private industrial billion board feet a year to 31.8 million acres 48.2% forest forest products industries, 51.8% 21.6% in addition to other assets Non-industrial private and like recreation, habitat, and tribal forest Other public 21.6% ecosystem services. agency forest land 0.1% OR State land area (water not included): State BLM forest 61.5 million acres forest 5.5%4.1% Timber harvested from Oregon forest lands by landowner (million board feet (mmbf))1 BLM Private industrial Non-industrial private and tribal State US Forest Other public Service agencies 2,961 468 293 203 78 52 4,055 totalmmbf in 2003 2,691 245 282 241 117 42 3,617 total mmbf in 2008 2,745 656 282 380 136 48 4,247 total mmbf in 2013 Timber harvested from national forests in Oregon and milled in-state (thousand board feet (mbf))1 100,000 _[ 96,432 mbf -- _._ Years shown ..., - in chart: 60,000 1-- - ' -2003D 2008 2013 50,000 - - 40,000 ..... - 2017 timber harvest: 30,000 ~ - 394.4 mmbf of timber - was harvested from ..... n Oregon national forests 20,000 I - n in FY 2017, an increase -' - from the previous years 10,000 - '- .•f l shown here. I I I , I 0 ' ' ' ' ' I Deschutes Fremont- Malheur Mt. Hood Ochoco Rogue Siuslaw Umatilla Umpqua Wallowa- Willamette Winema River- Whitman Siskiyou 1 12 These charts show reported timber harvest volume, not volume sold. Timber sales are not necessarily harvested in the year they are sold. mbf 2013 2008 2003 Jobs and wages from forest lands in Oregon State Jobs in forest products industries in Oregon employ tens of thousands of people in the state. In addition to understanding these types of jobs and how they factor in the state’s economy today, it can also be useful to understand recent industry trends. The data presented on this page consider only direct jobs in the forest products industry. Indirect jobs (e.g., those supported through spending by the forest products industry on materials and support services) employ tens of thousands more people, and have an additional impact on the state economy. Although direct forest products industry jobs account for only three percent of all jobs in the state, their impacts can be experienced differently in urban and rural areas. Multiple sources synthesize economic data for these industries, resulting in different levels of detail displayed in the figures below. The OR forest products industry in 2017 provided an estimated: r 61,051 -with- $54,200 -accounting for- $3.3 billion direct jobs average salary in direct wages \. Statewide estimate of direct jobs from working forests in Oregon, 2017 jobs (~ 3%) ts indu stry ~ducrect forest pro61,051 di50 50 i i_ i I i i 40 Forest mgmt. Forest Primary forest Secondary 40 forest 6,952 support products jobs 13,239 jobs 19,888 jobs products 30 12,197 jOobs ORR30 Distribution/ 20 Approximately 2,048,000 transportation 20 total jobs in Oregon 8,775 jobs Timber harvested from national forests in Oregon and milled in-state (thousand board feet (mbf))1 10 10 Recent trends: OR forest products industries employment and salary, 2004–2014 0 0 Employment, direct jobs Average annual salary, adjusted to 2018 dollars $60K 50 $60KTotal forest products industries employment 50 Total forest products industries employment Lumber & wood products $56K L4u0mber & wood products $56K 40 Paper and allied products $52K Paper and allied products 30 $52K 30 Total forest products industries employment $48K Total forest products industries employment 20 $48K 20 Lumber & wood products Lumber & wood products $44K 10 $44K 10 Paper and allied productsPaper and allied products $40K 0 $40K 2004 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 2014 0 2004 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 2014 2004 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 20142004 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 2014 Year Year 13 6006000000 5605060000 5205020000 4804080000 4404040000 4004000000 1,000s of jobs Average annual salary Mill Zones Oregon Mill Economic Zones and mill numbers Changes in mill numbers over time show how access to markets and potential impacts to forest products industries have shifted in the past two decades. On the following pages, we show the results of three recent survey efforts to identify operating mills in Oregon. Mills are tallied by “Mill Economic Zone,” as shown on the map and in the table below. Zones in Oregon are defined by the Forest Service Forestry Inventory Analysis Program. Zones follow county lines but often cross national forest boundaries. The maps on the following page show these data in greater detail, with the number of reporting mills in each county, as well as the types of mills during each survey year. These snapshots are useful for showing trends in mill types and numbers over time, however because they are based on voluntary surveys and response rates, data for any given year may not be exact. Oregon Mill Economic Zones 84 Portland Columbia River Gorge NSA Umatilla NF Mt. Hood NF Wallowa-Whitman NF Northwest Siuslaw NF National forest 5 Ochoco Other federal land NF Central Malheur Mill economic Eugene NF zones Willamette NF Deschutes NF Blue Counties Mountains Southwest Umpqua NF Fremont- Rogue River- Winema Siskiyou NF NF 0 20 40 Miles CreatCerde aMteadrc: h3 /2071/92 0||1 E9c Eocsyostyesmte mW Worokrfkofrocrec eP Proroggraramm,, Uniiversity off Orreeggoonn. Number UoSf F moresilt lSse rivnice Olanrdes,g Paocnific pNoertrh wMesit lRl eEgiocnonomic ZoneM illi nec oenoamcich zo snensapshot year EconomicU ZSo Fnoeress ta Snedrv icceo luanndtsie, osther regions BLM and other federal lands 2003 2008 2013 Northwest Mill Economic Zone Counties in zone: Yamhill, Washington, Multnomah, Hood River, Clackamas, Marion, Linn, Polk, Benton, Columbia, Tillamook, Lincoln, Clatsop 96 83 69 National forests in zone: Siuslaw, Mt. Hood, Willamette, Columbia River Gorge NSA Southwest Mill Economic Zone Counties in zone: Lane, Douglas, Coos, Jackson, Josephine, Curry 37 28 22 National forests in zone: Willamette, Rogue River-Siskiyou, Umpqua Central Mill Economic Zone Counties in zone: Lake, Klamath, Deschutes, Crook, Jefferson, Wheeler, Wasco, Sherman, Gilliam 96 91 75 National forests in zone: Mt. Hood, Deschutes, Fremont-Winema, Ochoco, Rogue River-Siskiyou, Columbia River Gorge NSA Blue Mountains Mill Economic Zone Counties in zone: Harney, Malheur, Grant, Baker, Wallowa, Union, Umatilla, Morrow 25 19 22 National forests in zone: Umatilla, Wallowa-Whitman, Malheur, Ochoco 249 mills 221 mills 188 mills 14 Lumber LumberLumber 2014 Venner and Venner & plywood Venner & plywood plywood Pulp and Pulp & board Lumber (40) Pulp & board board Cedar products Veneer and Cedar products Cedar products plywood (8) Export facilities Export facilities Export facilities Pulp and board (11) Post, poles Post, poles and utilities Post, poles and utilities and utilities Shake and Chipping shingle (8) Chipping Chipping Mills in Oregon: Snap Log export (15)Log homes Log homes shots over timeLog homes Oregon Mill Economic Zones and mill numbers Log furniture Log furniture Post, pole and Log furniture piling (5) Other facilities Other facilitiesOther facilities Roundwood 0 30 60 90 120 150 chipping (10)0 30 60 90 120 150 0 30 60 90 120 150 Clatsop Columbia 249 Tillamook Hood Umatilla WallowaWashington Multnomah ShermanRiver Morrow mill0s (4) Yamhill Clackamas2003 Gilliam Union 1 - 5 (16) North20w0e8st Wasco 2013 Mills in each county Polk Marion 6 - 10 (8) Lincoln Wheeler Baker No mills (4 counties) Lumber (126) 11 - 15 (3) Lumber (116) Jefferson Lumber (90) Linn Grant Benton 1-5 (16 counties) Veneer & plywood (33) Veneer & plywood (28) Veneer & plywood (26) -l Lumber Lumber Lumber 16 - 20 (2) 2014 Pulp & board (23) Pulp & board (20) Crook Pulp & boaBrd l(1u9)e 6-10 (8 counties) Venner and 21 - 25 (2) Venner & plywood Lane Venner & plywood plywood Deschutes Mountain Cedar products (2) SouCtedharw proedusctst (2) Cedar products (0) -11-15 (3 counties) Pulp and 26 - 36 (1) Pulp & board Lumber (40) Pulp & board board Export facilities (2) Export facilities (0) Central Export facilities (4) -16-20 (2 counties) Cedar products Cedar products Cedar products Veneer and Post, poles, utilities (12) Post, poles, utilities (10) plywood (8) Post, poles, utilities (9) Coos Douglas Malheur -21-25 (2 counties) Export facilities Export facilities Export facilities Chipping (9) Chipping (8) Pulp and CHarneyboard (11) hipping (11) -26-36 (1 county) Post, poles Post, poles and utilities Post, poles and utilities and utilities Log homes (25) Log homes (22) Klamath Lake Shake and Log homes (12) - Chipping shingle (8) Chipping Chipping Log furniture (6) Curry JosephineLog fJuarcnkistuonre (4) Log furniture (3) Log export (15) Log homes Log homes Other facilities (11) Log homes Other facilities (11) Other facilities (14) Log furniture Post, pole and Log furniture Log furniture piling (5) 0 15 30 60 90 120 Other facilities Other facilities Other facilities Miles Roundwood 0 30 60 90 120 150 chipping (10)0 30 60 90 120 150 0 30 60 90 120 150 Clatsop Columbia 221 Tillamook Hood Umatilla WallowaWashington Multnomah River Sherman Morrow Yamhill Clackamas 2003 2m00ills Gilliam Union 8 0 (4) North2w0e1s3t Wasco Mills in each county Polk Marion 1 - 5 (19) Lincoln Wheeler Baker Jefferson No mills (4 counties)Lumber (126) Lumber (116) 6 - 10 (6) Lumber (90)Linn Grant Veneer & plywood (33) Veneer & plywood (28) Benton Veneer & plywood (26) -l 1-5 (19 counties) Lumber Lumber Lumber 11 - 15 (5) 2014 Pulp & board (23) Pulp & board (20) Pulp & board (19) Crook Blue 6-10 (6 counties) Venner and Venner & plywood 16 - 20 (0) Lane Venner & plywood plywood Deschutes Cedar products (2) Cedar products (2) Cedar products (0) Mountain -11-15 (5 counties) Pulp and Pulp & board 21 - 25 (1) Lumber (40) Pulp & board board Southwest Export facilities (2) Export facilities (0) Export facilities (4) Central -16-20 (0 counties) Cedar products Cedar products 26 - 36 (1) Veneer andCedar products Post, poles, utilities (12) Post, poles, utilities (10) plywood (8) Post, poles, utilities (9) Malheur -21-25 (1 county) Export facilities Coos Douglas Export facilities Export facilities Chipping (9) Chipping (8) Pulp and Harneyboard (11) Chipping (11) -26-36 (1 county) Post, poles Post, poles and utilities Lake Post, poles and utilities and utilities Log homes (25) Log homes (22) Shake and Log homes (12K) lamath - Chipping Chipping shingle (8) Chipping Log furniture (6) Log furniture (4) Curry Log furniture (3) Josephine Jackson Log export (15) Log homes Log homes Other facilities (11) Log homes Other facilities (11) Other facilities (14) Log furniture Post, pole and Log furniture Log furniture piling (5) Other facilities Other facilities Other facilities Roundwood chipping (10) 0 30 60 90 120 150 0 30 60 90 120 150 0 30 60 90 120 150 Clatsop Columbia 188 Tillamook Hood Umatilla WallowaWashington Multnomah River Sherman Morrow Yamhill Clackamas Gilliam Union2003 2008 20m13ills 0 (4) Northwest Wasco Mills in each county Polk Marion 1 - 5 (20) Lincoln Wheeler Baker -No mills (4 counties)Lumber (126) Lumber (116) Lumber (90) Jefferson6 - 10 (8) Linn GrantBentonVeneer & plywood (33) 1-5 (20 counties)Veneer & plywood (28) Veneer & plywood (26) l 11 - 15 (0) Pulp & board (23) Pulp & board (20) Pulp & board (19) Crook Blue 6-10 (8 counties) Lane 16 - 20 (3) Deschutes Mountain Cedar products (2) Cedar products (2) Cedar products (0) --11-15 (0 counties)SouthwestExport facilities (2) 21 - 25 (0)Export facilities (0) Export facilities (4) Central 16-20 (3 counties)Post, poles, utilities (12) Post, poles, utilities (10) Post, poles, utiliti2es6 (-9 )2 8 (1) 21-25 (0 counties)Coos Douglas Malheur Chipping (9) Chipping (8) Chipping (11) Harney -26-36 (1 county)Lake Log homes (25) Log homes (22) Log homes (12) Klamath - Log furniture (6) Log furniture (4) Log furniture (3) Curry Josephine Jackson Other facilities (11) Other facilities (11) Other facilities (14) 15 2013 2008 2003 Business capacity for accomplishing Forest Service work Companies engaging in timber sales, restoration, fire management services, and biomass utilization offer key business capacity for national forest management and contribute an important economic engine in rural communities. Here we present data that show business capacity in the region, including restoration-related service contracts and timber sales. The Forest Service and communities alike depend on timber sales: the agency depends on contractors to purchase timber sales on national forest lands, and local communities have historically benefited from those sales through mill supply and related direct and secondary jobs. The map below shows timber purchasers who have purchased timber from a national forest in Oregon or Washington from FY 2011–15. In those five years, timber sales on forests in the region went to con- tractors primarily within the region (comprising 97 percent of sale value). Timber purchasers, FY 2011–2015 • ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! !'i ! !.! !! ! Spokane! !! ~ !Se-.a! ttl e ! ! ! ! Region ;~ ! ! 90! --!~, !!! !!!,.... " I ! !! Totals 90 miles> 90 Miles to Highway 0 to 60 Miles *# Saw Mill Location 18 (2013 Data) High 60 to 90 Miles USDA FS R6 Low Boundary> 90 Miles Mills and highway access in Washington and Oregon Mill access for ranger districts in Washington and Oregon Access to mills can vary across national forests and even within ranger districts. The chart below shows the relative availability of milling infrastructure to every national forest ranger district in Washington and Oregon. The majority of ranger districts have access to some sort of mill within 40 highway miles, but the number and types of processing of the mills differs. Some ranger districts have relatively more mills nearby while others have relatively fewer mills nearby. •H ebo    Greater mill access: Closer to a mill and more mills nearby t t C•en tral Coast-ODNRA •S weet Home   •D etroit    Middle Fork   t . t •M cKenzie River  • Cottage Grove  Clackamas River   • •N orth Umpqua   •M t. Adams   t t Powers    Diamond Lake   •W ild Rivers   •Z igzag   Gold Beach   •M ount St. Helens  Sis•ter s    • Hood Canal/QuilceneHood River   •B arlow    Hood Canal/Hoodsport•C owlitz Valley  ~ Tiller    ~ Skykomis•h    S•noq ualmie   Bend/Fo•rt R ock  Darrington   • •M t. Baker   High Cascades   Lower mill access: Farther to a Crescen•t   P acific/Forks  Heppner-   r·N •orth F •ork  John Day Walla Walla   mill and fewer mills nearby•L a Grande   Whitman   • Pacific/Quinault  Prairie City  Blue Mountain   Cle Elum   Chelan   Eagle Cap   Sullivan Lake   Wallowa Valley   Republic    Wenatchee River   • Three Rivers•   • Newport   Paisley    Naches    Tonasket    Siskiyou Mountains   •P omeroy   Paulina    Silver Lake  Bly    ~Chilo quin    Chemult   Lakeview    Emigrant Creek   Lookout Mountain  Klamath    Crooked River   •M ethow Valley   •E ntiat    0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Average distance from district (highway miles) to the nearest mill 19 Mill density of district Appendix: Data sources and methods Page Figure name (s) Data source Metrics, methods, and notes 1 Region summary graphics See relevant pages with detailed information on each topic area in this packet. 2 Map: Washington and Oregon Landownership shapefiles used: USFS lands, Fed- Used shapefiles for map creation. land ownership eral lands, Bureau of Indian Affairs lands, State owned lands, Oregon Urban Growth Boundaries, Washing- ton Urban Growth Areas, Interstates. Sources: USGS, State of Oregon, State of Washing- ton, Tigerline Files, dates. Date: Source data dated from 2010–2015. 3 Map: Washington and Oregon Shapefiles: Washington and Oregon 2010 census Used shapefiles for map creation. population density, 2010 population density, Washington and Oregon counties, census Washington and Oregon Interstates. 4 1. Summary bar All figures on page used the following data: 1. Summary bar data excerpted from other figures presented on 2. Fig.: Washington State area Washington State population estimate from the US page. and population Census Bureau, 2017. 2. We showed the portion of WA State total area covered with 3. Map: Forest Service land in Forest Service acreage data (Washington State and national forest. We separated counties in the state that contain Washington State counties county-level) from Table 6 (pp. 57–131) of USDA national forest land from those do not, and reported the total Forest Service, 2018. population for each group of counties. The total area of each county was retrieved from US 3. We used “NFS acres” as the metric from Table 6 [in USDA Census Geography Program (https://www.census. Forest Service, 2018] to identify # of national forest acres / gov/programs-surveys/geography.html). Washington county. We calculated the percentage of national forest land State area equals the sum of all Washington State coverage for each county in WA State. We used shapefiles county areas. for map creation. For visualization on the map, we created pie charts to show the portion of the county area covered by Map shapefiles used: State of Washington and national forest, including only counties that had greater than County shapefiles were retrieved from the Washing- 1% of their total area as national forest land. ton State Geospatial Portal (http://geo.wa.gov). 5 Fig.: Washington State WA State county-level population estimates from: We used county-level population estimates for WA, current as landownership: the Forest U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. Annual of March 2018. We divided the number of national forest acres Service at a county level, Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 in each county by the population estimate for each county to cont’d. to July 1, 2018. Downloaded Oct. 17, 2018 (https:// determine “Acres of national forest per county resident.” www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/ popest/2010s-counties-total.html). Forest Service acreage data at the county level from Table 6 (pp. 57–131) of USDA Forest Service, 2018. 6 1. Fig.: Washington State 1. US Census 2017, Campbell et al. 2010. 1. Washington State land area estimate from US Census data on forest land and landowners 2. Warren 2000, Zhou 2018. state lands; data on WA forest land ownership from Fig. 16 of 2. Fig.: Timber harvested Campbell et al. 2010. 3. Timber from National Forests – Cut and Sold from WA forest lands by Reports 1998, 2006, 2014, 2017. 2. We extracted values from Table 16 for each ownership class landowner, million board in Warren (2000) for 1998 values, and extracted values from feet (mmbf) Table 15 for each ownership class in Zhou (2018) for 2006 3. Fig.: Timber harvested from and 2014 values. national forests in WA and 3. Forest Service Cut and Sold reports were reviewed and per milled in WA (thousand forest volume harvested totals were extracted from Q4 reports. board feet (mbf)) 7 1. Summary bar: WA forest 1. MB&G Consulting 2018 (Table 5, p. 8). 1. Direct jobs and direct wages excerpted from data source; products industry in 2017 2. All WA jobs: Bureau of Labor Statistics, “May average wage determined by dividing total direct wages by the 2. Fig.: Statewide estimate of 2017 State Occupational Employment and Wage number of total direct jobs. direct jobs from working Estimates” for Washington State, all occupations 2. We show the direct jobs from working forests in WA as a forests in Washington, (https://www.bls.gov/oes/2017/may/oes_wa.htm). portion of the total estimated jobs in the state in 2017, and the 2017 Direct jobs from working forests: MB&G Consult- breakdown of direct jobs by industry sector. Detailed method- 3. Fig.: Recent trends: Forest ing 2018 (Table 5, p. 8). ology on direct job employment from working forests estimates products industries are presented in source report. 3. MB&G Consulting 2018, Zhou 2018. employment and salary, 3. Values for historical employment numbers were taken from Ta- 2004–2014 ble 20 and state-wide estimates for weekly wages were taken from Table 24 in Zhou 2018. Weekly wage estimates were converted to annual salaries using online calculator (https:// www.omnicalculator.com/business/salary-to-hourly). We then used Oregon’s Employment Dept.’s inflation calculator to account for the change in salary over time (https://www. qualityinfo.org/ed-icalc/?at=1&t1=1~2018~2018 ). 20 Page Figure name (s) Data source Metrics, methods, and notes 8 1. Map: WA Mill Economic 1. State of Washington and County shapefiles used, 1. We used the same state map as described from p. 4, Mill Eco- Zones; described for map on p.4. nomic Zone boundaries follow county lines and were created 2. Table: Number of mills 2. WA Department of Natural Resources Mill Reports: in ArcGIS. in Washington per Mill Larsen 1998, Smith 2006, and Smith 2014. 2. We identified the counties and national forests that overlapped Economic Zone by year (fully or partially) with Mill Economic Zone boundaries and grouped mill abundances by economic zones during snapshot years using ArcGIS. 9 Fig.: Mills in Washington: See p. 8 sources We show the number of mills in each county according to bins Snapshots over time for three distinct snapshot years. We extracted mill number, type and county location from Table 1 in DNR reports. 10 1. Summary bar All figures on page used the following data: 1. Summary bar data excerpted from other figures presented on 2. Fig.: Oregon State area Oregon State population estimate from the US Cen- page. and population sus Bureau, 2017. 2. We showed the portion of OR State total area covered with 3. Map: Forest Service land in Forest Service acreage data (Oregon State and national forest. We separated counties in the state that contain Oregon State counties county-level) from Table 6 (pp. 57–131) of USDA national forest land from those do not, and reported the total Forest Service, 2018. population for each group of counties. The total area of each county was retrieved from US 3. We used “NFS acres” as the metric from Table 6 [in USDA Census Geography Program (https://www.census. Forest Service, 2018] to identify # of national forest acres / gov/programs-surveys/geography.html). county. We calculated the percentage of national forest land coverage for each county in OR State. We used shapefiles for map creation. For visualization on the map, we created pie charts to show the portion of the county area covered by national forest, including only counties that had greater than 1% of their total area as national forest land. 11 Fig: Oregon State OR State county-level population estimates from: We used county-level population estimates for OR, current as of landownership: the Forest U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. Annual March 2018. We divided the number of national forest acres in Service at a county level, Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 each county by the population estimate for each county to deter- cont’d. to July 1, 2018. Downloaded Oct. 17, 2018 (https:// mine “Acres of national forest per county resident.” www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/ popest/2010s-counties-total.html). Forest Service acreage data at the county level from Table 6 (pp. 57–131) of USDA Forest Service, 2018. 12 1. Fig.: Oregon State forest 1. OFRI 2019, Donnegan et al. 2008. 1. Oregon State land area estimate from OFRI 2019; data on OR land and landowners 2. PNW-GTR-681 (2003), PNW-GTR-868 (2008), forest land ownership from Fig. 16 of Donnegan et al. 2010. 2. Fig.: Timber harvested PNW-GTR-942 (2013). 2. We used timber harvested (mmbf) in Oregon by ownership from OR forest lands by 3. US Forest Service Cut and Sold Reports for Fourth class from each of the 3 GTR reports (Table 3 in GTR-681, landowner, million board Quarter for 2003, 2008, 2013, 2017. Region 6. Table 7 in GTR-868, and Table 2 in GTR-942). feet (mmbf) (https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/prod- 3. We extracted mbf from each forest from the Q4 Cut & Sold 3. Fig. Timber harvested from ucts/cut-sold/index.shtml). reports for 2003, 2008 and 2013. 2017 estimates of total national forests in OR and harvest came from same sources. milled in OR (thousand board feet (mbf)) 13 1. Summary bar: OR forest 1. OFRI 2019. 1. We used summarized information from the OFRI current products industry in 2017 2. OFRI 2019. employment and wage data. These data were collected in 2. Fig.: Statewide estimate of partnership with ODF and OED. 3. Oregon Forest Resource Institute. Oregon Forest direct jobs from working Facts 2017-2018 edition: Employment. (http://ore- 2. We show the direct jobs from working forests in OR as a forests in OR, 2017 gonforestfacts.org/#employment), Zhou 2018. portion of the total estimated jobs in the state in 2017, and 3. Fig.: Recent trends: Forest the breakdown of direct jobs by industry sector as presented products industries in report. employment and salary, 3. Historical values for employment numbers were taken from 2004–2014 Table 20 from Zhou et al. 2018 from Table 24. Weekly wage estimates were converted to annual salaries using online calculator (https://www.omnicalculator.com/busi- ness/salary-to-hourly). We then used Oregon’s Employ- ment Dept.’s inflation calculator to account for the change in salary over time (https://www.qualityinfo.org/ed-ical- c/?at=1&t1=1~2018~2018). 14 1. Map: OR Mill Economic 1. State of Oregon and County shapefiles. Mill 1. Mill Economic Zone boundaries follow county lines and were Zones Economic Zones were delineated by US Forest created in ArcGIS. 2. Table: Number of mills in Service FIA and used in the reports noted below. 2. We identified the counties and national forests that overlapped Oregon per Mill Economic 2. Mill totals, type, and location were extracted from (fully or partially) with Mill Economic Zone boundaries and Zone by year the following reports: PNW-GTR-681 (2003), grouped mill abundances by economic zones during snapshot PNW-GTR-868 (2008), PNW-GTR-942 (2013). years using ArcGIS. 21 Page Figure name (s) Data source Metrics, methods, and notes 15 Fig.: Mills in Oregon: Mill totals, type, and location were extracted from the We extracted mill number, type and county location from GTR Snapshots over time following reports: PNW-GTR-681 (2003), PNW- reports, specifically Table 12 in 2003, Table 15 in 2008, Table 18 GTR-868 (2008), PNW-GTR-942 (2013). in 2013. Economic zones were delineated by US Forest Service FIA and used in all the reports. 16 Map: Timber purchasers, FY Timber Information System (TIM) data, 2011-2015. Mapped all businesses with at least one timber sale purchase by 2011–2015 business location. 17 Map: Restoration-related Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS), 2011- Mapped all businesses with at least one restoration related service contractors, FY 2015. service contract by business location. 2011–2015 18 Map: Washington and Oregon • Database of mill location was provided by Universi- • All data was clipped to the Region 6 Administrative Boundary mills and highway access ty of Montana’s Bureau of Business and Economic • Highway polylines were converted to 100 x 100m cell raster Research (based on reports from 2013). format, with non-road cells set to NoData. Cell values were • DEM: A 1/3 arc-second DEM was downloaded converted to miles (0.0062). from the USGS TNM Download site (https://view- • Mill points were filtered using the criteria “sawmill” in the Mill_ er.nationalmap.gov/basic/) on 10/11/2018. Descr column of the attribute data. Selected sawmill points • Roads data was downloaded from US Census were then snapped to the nearest highway raster location. geospatial porta, Sept. 2016. • Highway Cost Distance layer: A cost distance analysis was conducted using the Cost Distance tool in the ArcGIS 10.2, ArcToolbox. The analysis used the sawmill point layer as the feature source data and the Highway raster layer as the cost raster. • Slope-weighted Cost Distance background layer: A second cost distance analysis was conducted using the Highway raster cell locations as the source data and the DEM was used as the cost raster. 19 Fig.: Mill availability for Same sources as for p.18 above. Mill density (per ranger district) and average distance via highway Washington and Oregon to nearest mill were plotted on the same graph. ranger districts 22 Methods literature citations: Brandt, Jason P.; Morgan, Todd A.; Dillon, Thale; Lettman, Gary J.; Keegan, Charles E.; Azuma, David L. 2006. Oregon’s forest products industry and timber harvest, 2003. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-681. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 53 p. Campbell, Sally; Waddell, Karen; Gray, Andrew, tech. eds. 2010. Washington’s forest resources, 2002–2006: five-year Forest Inventory and Analysis report. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-800. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 189 Donnegan, Joseph; Campbell, Sally; Azuma, Dave, tech. eds. 2008. Oregon’s forest resources, 2001–2005: five-year Forest Inventory and Analysis report. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-765. Portland, OR: U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 186 p Gale, Charles B.; Keegan, Charles E., III; Berg, Erik C.; Daniels, Jean; Christensen, Glenn A.; Sorenson, Colin B.; Morgan, Todd A.; Polzin, Paul. 2012. 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