RESIDENTIAL PORTLAND 1911: THE VIEW FROM 2002 A Case Study in Preservation TERMINAL PROJECT COMMITTEE Donald Peting, Director, Historic Preservation Program, University of Oregon (Chair) Peter Keyes, Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, University of Oregon Alfred Staehli, Preservation Architect, Portland CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 PARTI A Century of Growth and Development Early Development Trends 9 1912-1929: Extended Urban Growth 11 1930-1940: Trends that Shaped the City 13 The World War II Era 14 Developments in the 1950s 15 The Contemporary Era 16 PART II Residential Portland 1911 & 2002 19 About Part II 20 PART Ill Data Analysis & Conclusion 91 Bibliography 103 APPENDICES Appendix A: List of properties 107 Maps 109 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION This is a study of a group of 67 buildings that were is the desire on the part of the publishers that you featured in a publication titled Residential Portland 1911, become one of us. We need you in the great upbuilding that is now produced in that year by The Newspaper Syndicate of taking place in this wonderful Pacific Northwest. We have Portland. The buildings represented in that book are a everything that one could ask to make home all that the specific resource type -- Portland's high-style residences at the beginning of the 20th century. This study word implies ... Come with us and we will make you g/ad."1 It is very likely that the book was produced as a investigates that group of properties to determine patterns of preservation and change from 1911 to the promotional device for the city's annual Rose Festival, present. How or whether buildings were maintained, since the title page includes a reference to "The Rose City." restored or rehabilitated; how some buildings have survived or adapted, and how some have not; and how Residential Portland 1911 was selected as the basis for these issues are linked to larger patterns of urban growth this study because of its contemporaneous images of and cultural change are the key questions addressed by residences, which provide an ideal dataset for analyzing this project. To support this analysis, this project change over a 90-year time period. Additionally, the examines physical change in the study group of 70 photographs represent a catalogue of Portland's finer structures through contemporary photographs, alteration residential architecture at the beginning of the 20th records, and maps. century. The limitation of the source material is its text, Residential Portland 1911 was produced with the which is unfortunately minimal. However, since the seemingly straightforward goal of promoting Portland's subject material shares common temporal, geographic, livability and residential architecture. As the Foreword in 1 this book proclaims, "In presenting this brochure to you it Residential Portland 1911, The Newspaper Syndicate, Portland Oregon 1911. ' ' Introduction and socio-economic attributes, it presents ample locating those properties. The number not opportunity for identifying and analyzing key issues in included was 18 out of a total of 85. historic preservation. • Properties were located and site visits made to NOTES ON PROJECT METHODOLOGY verify the accuracy of the above step, using Residential Portland 1911 as a reference guide. The following steps and processes that were developed and followed for this study. This information is provided • Photographs were taken of the primary facades because it is relevant to understanding how the group of of all properties in the study group, using digital properties was analyzed. Tasks related to basic research and 35 millimeter cameras. The visual perspective are not listed below but were performed for the project. indicated on the 1911 historic photos was followed. In cases where buildings had been Phase I demolished, the site was photographed to The first phase of the project focused on researching and document its current appearance. The documenting the study group of 65 properties. This photographs are shown in Part II of this study. phase included the following tasks, arranged in chronological order: • Alteration histories were recorded for each • Property addresses were researched to property using City of Portland building records as determine the contemporary addresses of each a reference source. The records were obtained property included in Residential Portland 1911. using physical card files, which are current to the This step was necessary since property addresses early 1990s. Typical information recorded on were changed citywide in 1931. Properties having building permits includes a brief description of the incomplete or missing addresses were not type of project (for example, "extend kitchen" or included in the study due to the difficulty of "porch steps," or in many cases "wreck building." Project costs were often included in the building Introduction permit records, offering a means of evaluating the information available from this study along with significance of the alteration project. Alteration City of Portland data for the group of properties, information is included in Part II of this study. including: location of each property, year built, demolition status, zoning, and landmark status. • A database was developed to record pertinent information for each property. The database was Phase II devised to facilitate organizing and analyzing In the second phase of the project, the information was information by category, such as demolition date, processed and analyzed to discern trends. This phase zoning, and architectural style. included the following tasks: • Maps were analyzed to discover patterns and • Taxlot information was researched and trends in the study group. recorded in the database for each property. Taxlot or "State ID" information provides pinpoint • Information from the database described reference for individual properties, enabling the above was downloaded into a text-based format mapping process that was conducted in the to create Part II of this document. following step. Taxlot information is useful because it is retained in a city's database of • 1911-era photos were paired with property records as identification for building's contemporary photos. This part of the project location, regardless of whether the building is was designed to illustrate the status of each altered or demolished. The numbers are based on property in the study group. Section II includes geographic meridians. one page of information for each property in the study group and pairs a photograph from 1911 • Project area maps were developed using the with a contemporary photograph of each property. City of Portland's "GIS" technology and individual taxlot data. These maps were generated to display DOCUMENT LAYOUT & USE Part I. Following this introductory section, Part I: A Century of Growth and Development begins with a summary of key developments and trends that shaped Portland's growth since the early 1900s. This background provides a context for understanding the effects of time on the buildings in Residential Portland 1911. Part II. Part II shows photographs of all the properties in the study group. Sixty-seven residences are shown as they appeared In the book Residential Portland 1911 and as they appear today. This section makes it possible to visually compare the effects of change over time. Also included in this section is the information about architectural style, architect, alterations, zoning, and general commentary on specific conditions or issues pertaining to each property. Part Ill. This section analyzes the data, using percentage calculations to describe developments and patterns affecting properties in the study group. Conclusions are formulated based on this data. Appendix This section includes a list of properties in this study and maps developed for the project. Introduction PARTI A Century of Growth and Development BACKGROUND EARLY DEVELOPMENT TRENDS At the time of the 1880 census, Portland was a relatively 1905. The exposition both reflected Portland's growing small city with fewer than 18,000 residents. 1 Thirty years self-confidence and incited further growth, giving the city a later it would be a modern metropolis with nearly a quarter broad national exposure that it had not previously known. of a million people. Understanding how and why that transformation occurred is essential for understanding the Preparation for the Lewis & Clark Centennial Exhibition context of this project and the publication that forms its began in 1903, sparking a construction boom in Portland basis, 1911 Portland Residences.2 that would continue for several years. The exposition's lavish cultural, mechanical, and agricultural exhibits and Between 1900 and 1910, Portland experienced rapid displays attracted nearly five times the population of the growth as a result of broad social and economic trends. entire state. More than two and a half million admissions The city's population more than doubled from 90,000 to were counted between June and October of 1905. The 207,000.3 According to urban historian Carl Abbott, the exposition earned general praise in national magazines engine of sustained economic growth was fueled by and newspapers. In the words of Harper's Weekly, it banking transactions (finance), population growth, and "marked the close of an old epoch and the beginning of a widespread growth in the manufacturing, trade, and new one for Portland."5 transportation sectors.4 Portland business leaders identified the summer of 1905 One major development that contributed to the boom as the start of a sustained real estate boom, and they years was the Lewis & Clark Centennial Exposition of attributed the new investment climate to the fair. Part/ Downtown real estate prices skyrocketed, creating were deliberately extended into outer neighborhoods to considerable wealth for speculators. The value of facilitate development. construction permits quintupled between 1905 and 1910.6 Reflecting this boom, the city's first "skyscraper," the Wells The years from 1905 to 1913 were particularly Fargo building, was constructed in 1907. New office prosperous. Numerous subdivisions within easy access to buildings, department stores, and public buildings were the streetcar lines were developed on the east side of the added to the downtown business core. Portland was Willamette River. At the same time, older, established fortunate to have a large number of trained architects to neighborhoods on the west side of the river experienced help accomplish this work. Architects such as A. E. Doyle increased density in terms of both residential development and Whidden & Lewis prospered and made their mark on and commercial uses. In Nob Hill , a residential enclave in the city, modernizing its Victorian appearance, northwest Portland that dated to the 1880s, multi-dwelling characterized by darker colors, with light colors and residences were constructed by developers to designs inspired by the Classical and Renaissance revival accommodate the influx of people visiting the exposition, traditions. The work of several Portland architects is and its character as an exclusive residential enclave featured in the book Residential Portland 1911, including changed. High-style mansions along the streetcar lines William Knighton, Ellis Lawrence, Josef Jacobberger, were demolished, as property had become too valuable Edgar Lazarus, and Emil Schacht. for single-family structures to occupy an entire block. Newer residential development in neighborhoods on both Increased population, improvements to transportation sides of the river mirrored the transformation in systems, and related market conditions led to a surge in commercial architecture downtown. The older Victorian residential construction on both sides of the Willamette styles were replaced by Colonial Revival, Bungalow, River following the Lewis & Clark Exposition. Real estate Craftsman, and Arts & Crafts styles. This trend is reflected prices rose markedly in all areas close to downtown. The in the content of the book Residential Portland 1911, same streetcars that had carried people to the exposition which predominantly features properties that were constructed between 1909-1911. 10 Part/ 1911-1929: EXTENDED URBAN the booming 20s. Property values escalated with the GROWTH growth of commercial business. There was planning, but "90 percent of it was executed by individual owners, Portland grew and expanded at a steady pace during the anxious to derive the largest possible benefit out of the World War I era, and neighborhoods gradually changed as fewest possible acres." 8 Several mansions were a consequence. Older close-in neighborhoods such as demolished during this period to make way for commercial Nob Hill in northwest Portland changed into buildings. In this study group, two Corbett family industrial/multi-family/commercial areas. Many of the lots mansions on the Park Blocks close to downtown (see #17 occupied by spacious single-family houses became and #18) were replaced by the Masonic Temple and the apartments, hotels, and gaming establishments. Portland Art Museum. Another Corbett mansion located at Transportation changes included declining ridership on the SW 5th and Yamhill (see #19) was demolished in 1925. streetcars. The automobile began to make inroads in daily Remarking on the latter event, the Oregonian offered this life. By 1907 improvements had been made on large philosophical opinion: "For though land is valuable, and is segments of the city's major arterials, and by 1920 most of priced by the foot, and is needed for commerce, the those were paved.7 This development not only changed destruction of its aesthetic values is wholly without an the landscape but also changed the residential patterns of appraisal. But we know this tribute to sentiment is the city. Farms became subdivisions, and exclusive new forbidden - now. The city is in haste." 9 neighborhoods were developed as a result of automobile accessibility. Closer to downtown, vacant and oversize Following the streetcar decade, uptown retail centers, lots were filled in. characteristic of automobile-era cities, developed along established urban corridors such as Burnside in northwest These developments frequently targeted large northwest Portland. One of the significant social consequences of area residences. The mid-1920s were marked by the sale these changes could be seen in the older, established and destruction of many sizeable properties. The physical neighborhood of Nob Hill. The advent of the family shape of downtown Portland changed considerably during automobile opened newly fashionable neighborhoods Part/ 11 such as Dunthorpe, located in the southwest area some The Motor Age miles from the city. This often meant a move away from At the same time, automobile registration in Multnomah large "in-city'' family residences and the ultimate demise of County rose from 8,800 in 1916, one for every 28 these properties. "In 1914 northwest Portland was a solid residents, to 88,000 in 1930, one for every four residential district. By 1924 it was being described as a residents. 12 By 1920, with the extensive proliferation of 'zone in transition' in which single family housing was automobiles, most major arterials were paved on both giving way to apartments, institutions, commerce, and sides of the Willamette River. industry."10 This development was not checked by planning or zoning to maintain the distinctive character of "Portland planners were hostages to the automobile the area. An example of a building that was lost at this between 1920 and 1940, and the working definition of time shown in #33, a Queen Anne residence on SW Park their job changed from urban design to traffic Pl. in the older King's Hill neighborhood. engineering." 13 Carl Abbott Portland's population continued to grow into the mid- The automobile provided access to "edge" areas, beyond 1920s. The population was absorbed by infilling existing the established streetcar lines. In these semi-rural neighborhoods with single-family houses, by building neighborhoods at the edges of the city, one to five acre housing developments on the near east side, and by lots were commonplace, particularly on the east side. constructing apartment buildings in the Nob Hill area of These larger properties gave way to subdivisions and northwest Portland.11 According to City records, the value higher density development. Some 25,000 new houses of residential and commercial building permits dropped were constructed in Portland during a building boom in the from the boom years of 1908-1912 to a low point in 1917 1920s. On the east side of the Willamette River, builders before recovering steadily to a new peak in 1925. A filled in vacant lots in neighborhoods within six miles of gradual decline followed in 1927 and to another low in downtown.14 The Motor Age had a great impact on 1934 before resuming a slow recovery. Portland's east side. Many of the routes that were served by streetcars became thoroughfares linking the areas 12 Part/ adjacent to the Willamette River and auto suburbs that development. This zoning system would not be changed developed after World War 11.15 Examples of these until 1959. arterials include Powell, Sandy, and Belmont streets. 1930-1940: TRENDS THAT Planning and Zoning Milestones SHAPED THE CITY A milestone in Portland's development came in 1924 with passage of the 1924 Zoning Ordinance, written by the Several trends that began in the 1930s would leave a Planning Commission (established in 1918). The lasting mark on the city. These included generous ordinance created four zones: commercial zoning practices, the widening of arterial • Single-family, streets, and the opening of express highways on the • Single & multifamily, southwest and southeast sides of the city. All of these • Business-manufacturing, and developments hurt the downtown core of the city and • Unrestricted. promoted the shopping centers and residential This ordinance would remain in effect for 34 years and development in outlying areas. The residential real estate was highly beneficial to the real estate industry. There market continued to be very active on the east side of the were no regulations governing the heights of buildings, Willamette River. Neighborhoods lost population in the yard dimensions, or building density. The ordinance older core of the city. Multi-family housing sprang up served to accelerate the spread of apartments, retailing within a radius of couple of miles from the city center. and industry at the expense of single family housing. As a Single-family residences were constructed just beyond result of speculation and piecemeal growth, formerly that area, in newer neighborhoods that had been platted homogeneous areas became mixed-use areas. In many but not developed during the exposition boom years. cases this led to the decimation of larger single-family These neighborhoods included Alameda and Laurelhurst residences. In Nob Hill, now the Alphabet Historic District, in northeast Portland and Mount Tabor in southeast. property #8 in this study offers an example of this These residential developments were characteristic of the automobile era, catering to people who could afford cars -- Part/ 13 although the neighborhoods were served by streetcar federal government to provide financial support for lines. By 1940, Portlanders had nearly filled in the thousands of new housing units. Private owners also took eastside neighborhoods defined by the streetcar system.16 in roomers, and larger old houses were ·subdivided into small apartments and rented rooms. The latter was During the Great Depression of 1929-1937, construction facilitated by a federal program. Northwest Portland was and development slowed. By the end of the 1930s, the especially affected by this trend, since it was close to automobile was the dominant form of transportation and factories in the Guilds Lake industrial area and the many of Portland's streetcar lines had been discontinued. riverfront. At that time, its older residences were cheap The public transportation routes were taken over by and became especially attractive for conversion to smaller buses, which were able to serve newly developing areas rental units, accelerating a trend that had begun in the that were far from the old streetcar lines. 1930s. Property #70 in this study is an example of this development. The WORLD WAR II ERA By 1944, attention began to shift to postwar development National mobilization for WWII began in 1940. This and the peacetime economy. "Portland's continued growth mobilization made Portland a war production center and after 1945, along with the renewed availability of was a turning point in the history of the city.17 The early automobiles, set the stage for a generation of 1940s were boom years for Portland, mostly due to the suburbanization. The opening of new suburban burgeoning wartime shipbuilding and maritime industries, neighborhoods amplified the trends of the 1920s. Those and the city grew increasingly prosperous. who had the means left the big houses of northwest Between 1941 and 1943 new workers flooded into Portland for new suburban houses. Many of the houses Portland to take jobs in those industries. Like other war left behind would be torn down in the 1950s and 1960s for boom cities, Portland scrambled to provide housing, parking lots and commercial redevelopment. Others were transportation, utilities and services for all the new converted to office space."18 Property #8 in this study is an residents. A housing shortage prompted the 14 Part/ example of what happened at that time. Other houses considered under the obsolete 1924 planning and zoning were converted to office space. regulations. '20 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE 1950s The new ordinance had 14 basic zones including: • "three for single family homes to include varied lot By the late 1940s there was substantial interest in revising sizes, the city's dated zoning code in order to carry out post-war • three multi-family zones for different population programs. This proved to be a highly contentious effort concentrations, that would not be resolved for ten years. • five commercial zones ranging from limited residential area services to downtown skyscrapers, In 1956 a citizens' advisory committee report successfully and recommended new zoning regulations. Planning projects • four manufacturing zones plus five superimposed during that period were designed to meet the needs of the zones to handle special restrictions ... 21 automobile, facilitate commercial uses at the expense of residential uses, and to extend the boundaries of This zoning code may have been a step in the right downtown Portland.19 The following rationale was used to direction to improved planning, but it would also facilitate make a case for the need of a code rewrite: redevelopment -- and demolitions. For example, the AO Apartment Zone allowed very tall buildings in the central The present code has only four basic zones, which makes part of Portland. Examples of developments under this it impossible to insure equality and protection to both the allowance can be seen in property #49 at NW 20th and owners and the city as a whole for many new and Salmon streets in King's Hill. Commercial zoning under changed land uses that have developed. .. New ways of the proposed code was also generous, including a new property development, changes in industry and business General Commercial Zone for all types of retail and and family living, and changes in transportation are not service establishments and a couple of Manufacturing Zones. The latter were generally applicable to areas Part/ 15 adjacent to commercial corridors and former streetcar Other developments that helped to preserve historic routes. These developments often prompted housing was a newfound appreciation for older residences redevelopment of sites that had been occupied by single- and demand for older housing, which began in the late dwelling residences at the turn of the century. An example 1960s. This led to renovation in many parts of the city and of this is property# 65 at NE 20th Avenue, which is continued in the 1970s. Results of this turnaround can be adjacent to the highway and was rezoned for commercial seen in the King's Hill area, for example the property #58 use. Many buildings in Portland would be torn down in the on SW King Ct. Another trend, the flight to the suburbs late 1950s and 1960s for commercial redevelopment and during this period, was countered by grassroots efforts to parking lots. Others were converted into office space, encourage stability in the close-in urban neighborhoods. In such as #41 on SW Taylor St. close to the downtown core. Irvington and elsewhere community associations were formed to encourage residents to remain rather than move THE CONTEMPORARY ERA to the suburbs. Several trends marked the contemporary era. In the On the whole, these developments were positive. 1960s, with the advent of urban renewal projects in the Beginning in the 1970s many early 20th century houses downtown area, east side neighborhoods were generally and streetcar era apartment buildings on the east and ignored or negatively impacted.22 In particular, land in the west sides of the river were renovated or converted to neighborhoods near the Willamette River was under other uses. Portland acquired a reputation as a livable pressure from the growing downtown business district and large city. On the other hand time, by the late 1970s there expansion of light industry and other uses. This was were freeways in all four directions from downtown, and mitigated by the housing shortage dating from the 1940s developments adjacent to those areas negatively affected and the inflation of housing costs in the 1970s, which many older residences and neighborhoods, such as helped to preserve the inner east side neighborhoods from property #48 on NE Alberta St. total deterioration.23 16 Part/ In the current period, the imposition by the City of an With land values at a premium, the housing market has Urban Growth Boundary has had a generally positive remained robust. There continues to be significant influence on historic properties. The Urban Growth demand for single-dwelling historic residences in older Boundary, a regulatory "line" that skirts the Portland neighborhoods, such as Nob Hill and Irvington. There is metropolitan area, established a clear limit on the also strong demand for historic properties that have been parameters of allowed new development. The boundary, converted to multi-dwelling residences in older designed to protect farmland from urban sprawl, has had neighborhoods. In other cases, larger single-family the practical effect of increasing real estate values inside residences that were adapted for multi-family use are its limits. One of the consequences of the boundary has being re-converted back to single-family use. There is also been redevelopment of older urban properties, with both increasing acceptance of the "urban lifestyle," a positive and negative consequences. A positive development that reflects larger socio-economic trends, developments has been adaptive reuse of older buildings, including smaller family sizes and single-occupant such as industrial properties (e.g., warehouses, which households. Many larger historic residences have been have been converted to residential lofts). In other cases, remodeled and converted to highly desirable rising real estate prices have contributed to condominiums, such as property #39 in northwest redevelopment of urban properties that no longer have a Portland, a historic landmark. These trends bode well for viable economic use or are too expensive to rehabilitate, preserving residences from the early 20th century. such as smaller commercial buildings from the Streetcar Era. On the other hand, many older and historic properties have been rehabilitated as a result of rising real estate prices and the increasing demand for urban houses with historic character. In the latter case there has been a great economic incentive to rehabilitate older properties. Part/ 17 NOTES 18 ibid., 27. 1 Northwest District Association (NWDA), Northwest Portland Historic Inventory: Historic Context Statement (Portland, OR: Northwest 19 City of Portland, The Portland Planning Commission, An Historical District Association, 1991) 37. Overview (Portland, OR: Bureau of Planning, 1979), p.26. 2 2Residential Portland 1911: Portland, Oregon, "The Rose City. "The °C ity of Portland, Zoning Code Transmittal letter, 1956. Newspaper Syndicate, Portland, OR 1911. 21 ibid, p. E 3 William J. Hawkins Ill and William Willingham, Classic Houses of 22 Portland, Oregon 1850-1950 (Portland, OR: Timber Press, 1999) 210. East Portland Community Plan Project Summary Report, 58 4 Carl Abbott, Portland: Planning, Politics, and Growth in a Twentieth-Century City (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983) 50. 5 Abbott, 78. 6 ibid. 7 City of Portland, East Portland Community Plan Project Summary Report (Portland, OR: Bureau of Planning, August 1977) 54. 8 E. Kimbark MacColl, The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915 to 1950 (Portland, OR: Georgian Press, 1979) 307. 9 Oregonian, July 23, 1925. 10 NWDA, 22 11 John M. Tess, Thompson Court National Register Nomination. 1997, Section 8, p., 3. 12 East Portland Community Plan Project Summary Report, 4. 13 Abbott, p. 122. 14 ibid., 56 15 ibid., 85 16 Abbott, 119-120. 17 NWDA, 2. 18 Part/ PART 11 Residential Portland 1911 & 2002 ABOUT PART II Part II provides a range of information about the 67 Zoning designations properties in the study group. A list of all the properties is Zoning pertaining to properties in this study group included at the end of this section. The following pages can be generally described as follows: show photographs dated 1911 and 2002 and information about the individual properties, including: • RS - Residential single-dwelling, low density zone (8.7 units/acre); Current address and historic address (street • R7 -- Residential single-dwelling zone, low addresses were changed city-wide in 1931) density (6.2 units/acre) • R 10 -- Residential single-dwelling zone, low Historic name (from Residential Portland 1911); density Included in this information is zoning designations for • RX - Residential multi-dwelling zone, highest each property. This information provides a context for density (100+ units/acre) evaluating changes that have occurred to individual • CS -- Storefront Commercial zone, intended for properties. commercial areas in older neighborhoods • CX - Central Commercial zone, intended to Year built (when the property shown in the 1911 provide for commercial development in document was constructed) Portland's most intense and urban areas • IG - General Industrial zone, intended to Architectural style (style of property shown in the 1911 provide areas for most industrial uses document), Architect (if known) • R1 - Residential multi-dwelling zone, medium density (43 units/acre) Alterations history (based on City of Portland records) • RH - Residential multi-dwelling, high density This information provides insights on demolition dates. zone (85-125 units/acre) 20 Part/I 635 NW 18th St. #2 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. S. Ban ADDRESS: 155 N. 18th St. YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1956 7/22 Constructed "private garage to accommodate 2 machines" ZONING: RH - Residential high density COMMENTS: The existing building was constructed in 1957. The property at that time was known as the 1st Immanuel Lutheran Church parsonage with Sunday 2002 school; it is known as such today. This property is located in an area where many large residences were demolished in the 1950s and 1960s. Part I/ 21 2023 NE Broadway St. #3 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Thomas Bilyeu ADDRESS: 697 Broadway YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished, date unknown 1934 -- Install storefront with concrete porch ZONING: CS - Commercial storefront COMMENTS: The existing building was constructed in 1987. This location is on a busy commercial corridor that is served by public transportation. It is zoned commercial but is immediately adjacent to the residential district of Irvington. 22 Part/I 1628 NE Wasco St. #4 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Eugene Blasier ADDRESS: 634 Wasco YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1975 (6 bedroom house) 1/71 Repaired fire damage 5/81 Vacant lot ZONING: RH -- Residential high density COMMENTS: Consturuction of the current apartment complex began in 1968. The area is adjacent to the Lloyd Center shopping area and also to the Interstate 84 freeway, which accounts for deterioration of the originally single-dwelling residential area. Part/I 23 1740 SW Elizabeth St. #5 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. F. L. Botsford ADDRESS: 558 Elizabeth St. YEAR BUilT : 1911 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 1938 Added 12x19 concrete garage ZONING: R10 - Residential, low density COMMENTS: Most of the residences in this area have been well maintained and generally retain their historic appearance. 24 Part/I 2111 SW Vista Ave. #6 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. John S. Bradley ADDRESS: 483 20th St. YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Shingle ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY No alterations history is available for the historic residence. ZONING: RS- Residential, low density COMMENTS: This property retains its historic appearance. Part/I 25 4816 NE 15th Ave. #7 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Benjamin Brick ADDRESS: 1026 E. 15th St. N YEAR BUilT : 1910 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 11 /65 Removed old garage 12/65 New garage added -- concrete & block 9/78 Roofed house and garage ZONING: RS -- Residential, low density COMMENTS: This is the most modest residence in the book Residential Portland 1911. It is a small-scale example of the Craftsman style, located in a neighborhood that was solid but not fashionable at the beginning of the 29th century. It is one of only two buildings in the book that show a human subject. The porch has been modified, but otherwise the house is relatively intact. 26 Part II 1400 block NW 22nd Ave. #8 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. W. C. Bristol ADDRESS: 215 N. 22nd YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Craftsman/Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished No record of demolition date ZONING: IG 1, Industrial COMMENTS: The exising building was constructed in 1966 as an industrial space. It is located in an area that was rezoned for industrial use. It is not surprising that this house was demolished, given the changed character of the area in the contemporary period. Part/I 27 3424 NW Franklin Ct. #9 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. E.W. Brown ADDRESS: 1124 Franklin YEAR BUilT : c. 1910 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 10/23 Reshingled and new gutters added -- $150 valuation. 4/30 Changed roof & sleeping porch to install new bath; plans by architect MH Whitehouse ZONING: R5 -- Residential, low density COMMENTS: It is interesting to note that the surrounding area in the 1911 photo was under development when the picture was taken. Techniques for clearing the land were fairly intensive, including the use of high-pressure hoses to slice down the earth to create terraced lots and streets. 28 Part/I 1960 SW Vista Ave. #11 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. G. L. Campbell ADDRESS: 452 20th St. YEAR BUilT : 1910 STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 10/51 Lowered ceiling in kitchen & nook, remodeled windows in nook 5/68 Installed redwood deck ZONING: R10 -- Residential low density COMMENTS: This property is located in a southwest Portland neighborhood that has many similarly large, turn -of-the-century residences on large lots. Most of these properties have been well maintained. Part/I 29 2011 SW CARTER LANE #12 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) 1911 NAME: Residence of Mr. H. C. Campbell ADDRESS: 421 Vista YEAR BUILT: 1916 STYLE: Tudor ARCHITECT: Whidden & Lewis ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished circa 1930s ZONING: R10 -- Residential, low density COMMENTS: The historic building was replaced by a house designed by A.E. Doyle, which was also demolished. The current Northwest style residence was constructed in 1950 and was designed by Walter Gordon for Allen Meier, the same person who had owned the house designed by Doyle. 30 Part/I 5631 SE Belmont St. #13 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. J . H. Cook ADDRESS: 1509 Belmont YEAR BUilT : 1900 STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 8/39 Demolished barn 9/38 Demolished garage 9/54 Lowered kitchen ceiling from 9'6" to 8' 11 /54 Enclosed powder room on enclosed porch 9/57 Added carport ZONING: RS COMMENTS: In spite of being located on a busy street that has been redeveloped over the past 50 years, this house remains very much in its original condition, although it is need of repairs. Part/I 31 """7' ;;:;,,·_~~-~ T- ~ .. .~ .._ _ - -- 2116 NE 18th Ave. #15 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Walter M. Cook ADDRESS: 436 E. 18th St. N YEAR BUILT: 1907 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: John V. Bennes ALTERATIONS HISTORY 10/23 Constructed 2 story addition -- $2,500 valuation 8/46 "War code rooming house for 10 lodgers" permit issued 12/55 Added nook 11' 7" x 8'2" -- $500 3/58 Replaced wood porch with cement slab 7/87 1st Methodist United Church ownership as SFR; 1st floor remodel; constructed 3rd floor 10/87 Repaired fire damage -- $191,820 valuation; added new 3rd story; renovated structural elements; single family use only 11/89 Addtion to SFD and deck -- $18,630 valuation ZONING: R5 COMMENTS: A field visit showed that there was an addition to the south fa9ade, a new third story, and a porch change. Metanoia Peace United Community Center is the current owner. This property is used as a group home by a nonprofit organization. 32 Part/I 1535 SW 11TH AVE #16 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Edward Cookingham ADDRESS: 335 Eleventh St. YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1970 7/23 fire escape installed to residence & apartment 3/27 enclosed stairs, added fire doors and partitions 12/70 Building demolished $1,500 "banking house" -- US Bank Parking lot ZONING: RX - Residential Multi-dwelling, high density COMMENTS: This property is used as a parking lot in the Portland State Univiersity area. Part/I 33 1119 SW Park, 1133 SW Park #17 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Elliott R. Corbett ADDRESS: 243 W. Park YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Colonial ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1924 (entire block) ZONING: RX - Residential Multi-dwelling, high density COMMENTS: In 1925 the 4-story Masonic Temple was constructed on the site of this and other residences for approximately $1,000,000. See also #18. 34 Part ff 1119 SW Park, 1133 SW Park #18 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Henry L. Corbett ADDRESS: 253 W. Park YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Shingle ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1924 (entire block) ZONING: RX - Residential Multi-dwelling, high density COMMENTS: In 1925 the 4-story Masonic Temple was constructed on the site of this and other residences for approximately $1,000,000. See also #18. Part/I 35 SW 5th Ave. and SW Yamhill St. #19 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mrs. H. W. Corbett ADDRESS: 5th & Yamhill YEAR BUILT: 1874 STYLE: Second Empire ARCHITECT: Warren Williams ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished circa 1936 ZONING: CX - Central commercial zone COMMENTS: "It seems too bad to at least one Portlander that the wreckers must pull it apart and level it to make room for, possibly, some streamlined monstrosity fashioned by the same school of art that considers bent cast-iron pipe a suitable medium for swell furniture." Stewart Holbrook, in a 1936 Oregonian article (quoted from Hawkins, 112). This property was located in the heart of Portland's business district when it was demolished circa 1936. As commercial buildings came to predominate in the downtown area, properties like this one represented highly valuable real estate. Mrs. Corbett, owner of the historic property, moved to a new home in the Dunthorpe neighborhood, an exclusive oasis located some distance from the city. This site was occupied by the Greyhound Bus Depot before it was redeveloped in the late 1990s. This property is an annex to the Hilton Hotel. 36 Part/I 2043-47 NE Tillamook St. #22 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. J.C. Costello ADDRESS: 715 Tillamook YEAR BUilT : 1910 STYLE: Arts & Crafts ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 11/58 Alteration and repair to SFR with no increase in occupancy; "Rooms rented out not to exceed 5 lodgers at once without cooking privileges" 8/59 Mrs Alice Stone; changed from 1 family to 3 family residence -- $6,000 cost 1960 Partitions torn out and apartments installed over 3 years. Multi-family, 2-4 units 5/62 "Child Guidance Clinic" Alice E. Stone, psychologist; "no evidence of home occupancy"; 2nd floor west unf. apt.; e. apt unoccupied 6/63 Driveway poured; concrete retaining wall and parking area added; driveway widened 6/64 Basement revised ZONING: RS COMMENTS: This property was extensively rehabilitated in 2001 following a long period of neglect. Part/I 37 1725 SW Prospect Dr. #24 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. C. E. Curry ADDRESS: 700 Prospect YEAR BUILT: 1909 STYLE: Colonial ARCHITECT: A.E. Doyle ALTERATIONS HISTORY 6/53 Garage addition on street property line -- $500 valuation Attached carport to garage ZONING: R7 COMMENTS: It was not possible to photograph this residence from the same perspective as in 1911 because of the mature landscaping and poor lighting conditions. The building is in very good condition with few significant alterations. 38 Part/I 1413 SE 15th Ave. #27 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. John Ecklund ADDRESS: 265 E. 15th St. YEAR BUilT : 1909 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 6/38 Rebuilt part of porch with concrete footing, new floor joists 3/62 Repaired chimney 11 /69 Oregon Halfway House; 5 rooms maximum 12/76 Resurfaced half of front deck 9/77 Changed occupancy to H2; remodeled 3rd floor and added bath, fire escape -- $9,000 valuation Porch pillars changed ZONING: R1 -- Residential multi-dwelling zone, medium density COMMENTS: This residence is currently used as a halfway house for men and is owned by the city. It is located in an "edge" environment, with commercial activity and public transportation routes nearby. Part/I 39 3115 NW Thurman St. #28 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. J. 0. Elrod ADDRESS: 1063 Thurman YEAR BUILT: 1904 STYLE: Colonial ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 7/93 Rear porch enclosed, kitchen remodeled -- $25,000 valuation 8/90 Converted sunroom to kitchen and kitchen to utility room -- $2,500 ZONING: RS COMMENTS: Properties in this residential neighborhood of northwest Portland have generally been well maintained and were not demolished. It is possible that this is because the area is fairly homogeneous, with many contemporaneous buildings and long-time homeowners. 40 Part/I 2334 NW Northrup St. #29 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. P.H. Flynn ADDRESS: 774 Northrup YEAR BUilT : 1902 STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 11/78 Rewired, sheetrocked rooms, new kitchen cabinets, refinshed floors, repaired front porch , repaired 3rd story, fixed chimney -- $19,000 value 11/89 New 2-car attached garage added -- $15,000 value ZONING: R1 -- Residential multi-dwelling zone, medium density COMMENTS: Note that much of the historic detailing, such as the porch railings, has been modified or eliminated. This neighborhood suffered a period of decline in the 1950s and 1960s before enjoying a resurgence. Part/I 41 2455 NW Overton St. #30 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Paul E. Froelich ADDRESS: 819 Overton YEAR BUilT : 1906 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 3/23 Addition on "two machine" garage 6/46 Enclosed rear porch for nook; "remove projection of present garage and close opening" 11/80 Added 3-level porch, stairway to N side of house; added living room unit at 3rd level -- $4,000 valuation 7/84 Built deck and outdoor stairway to 2nd level; apt over garage 9/84 Built stairs/ balcony on 3rd floor apt and replaced windows with doors -- $3,000 valuation 5/86 Added living unit over garage ZONING: R1 - Residential multi-dwelling, medium density COMMENTS: It is possible that the surrounding area in the 1911 photo was masked or blocked out, because this area was well developed by 1910. The property is currently used as a 3-plex. 42 Part/I 1507 SW Spring St. #31 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. F. I. Fuller ADDRESS: 503 Spring YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 3 new windows added to kitchen; position of doors changed ZONING: R10 COMMENTS: This property is located in a stable and high-income neighborhood where there are many contemporaneous residences that are well preserved. Part/I 43 1507 NW 24TH AVE #32 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. L. J. Goldsmith ADDRESS: 321 N. 24th St. YEAR BUILT: 1902 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 12/64 Apartments converted to offices -- $2,000 valuation ZONING: R2- Residential single-dwelling (attached units permitted in some cases, such as a duplex) COMMENTS: This property is currently used as professional office space. A portion of the spacious grounds has been converted to parking. 44 Part/I 2323 SW Park Pl. #33 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Graham Glass ADDRESS: 215 Ford St. YEAR BUILT: c. 1887 STYLE: Queen Anne ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished, unknown date - possibly 1940s ZONING: RH - Residential high density COMMENTS: The apartment building was constructed following zoning changes that increased the allowed density and height in the neighborhood. This neighborhood was designated as the King's Hill Historic District in 1990. The historic residence was a highly ornate example of the Queen Anne style. It is possible that the house was demolished as a consequence of changing taste in architectural styles as well as market forces and zoning changes. Part II 45 2636 NW Cornell Rd. #34 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Henry Hahn ADDRESS: 235 Cornell Rd. YEAR BUilT : 1905 STYLE: Tudor/Craftsman ARCHITECT: Emil Schacht ALTERATIONS HISTORY 7/49 Insulated building 4/51 Added sunporch (wood and glass) on deck- $1,500 valuation 9/94 Remodeled interior (kitchen, bath, laundry; master bedroom and bath) 2001 Constructed an auxiliary building at the rear of the property ZONING: R7 COMMENTS: This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It is located in the affluent Westover Heights neighborhood of northwest Portland in an area of well maintained, contemporaneous houses. 46 Part/I 2642 NW Lovejoy St. #36 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. E. L. Harmon ADDRESS: 888 Lovejoy YEAR BUilT : 1908 STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: A.E. Doyle ALTERATIONS HISTORY No record of alterations were available. ZONING: R7 COMMENTS: This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It was originally known as the Edward L. Harmon House. The building combines influences of the Colonial Revival and Craftsman styles. It is located in the affluent Nob Hill neighborhood of northwest Portland in an area of well maintained, contemporaneous houses. Part I/ 47 1827 SW Myrtle St. #37 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) 1911 NAME: Residence of Mr. W. J. Hawkins ADDRESS: 571 Myrtle YEAR BUilT : 1910 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Richard Martin ALTERATIONS HISTORY 4/41 Extended garage south side 10 ' and created double garage; installed fireplace in library, added chimney 7/80 Replaced roof 8/96 Added garage, family room, & terrace; remodeled kitchen (no additional square feet) ZONING: RS COMMENTS: This house was newly constructed at the time the historic photo was taken. The recent photo offers an interesting example of how the landscaping evolved between 1911 and 2002. It is located in the affluent Portland Heights neighborhood of southwest Portland in an area of well maintained, contemporaneous houses. 48 Part/I 2336 NW Irving St #38 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Joseph M. Healy ADDRESS: 774 Irving YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1967 ZONING: R1; CS - Residential multi-dwelling, medium density; Commercial storefront COMMENTS: The current building is a one-story commercial complex that is occupied by boutiques and salons. It was constructed by a developer who renovated several commercial properties in this densely populated neighborhood of northwest Portland. Increasing property values in the neighborhood led to considerable redevelopment, particularly where zoning allows commercial and multi-dwelling use, such as this area. Part/I 49 333 NW 20TH AVE #39 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Heusner House ADDRESS: 95 N. 20th St. YEAR BUilT : 1894 STYLE: Queen Anne/Shingle ARCHITECT: Edgar Lazarus ALTERATIONS HISTORY 3/7 4 Added toilet room and altered kitchen 9/79 Constructed 4-car garage; removed lath & plaster in preparation for remodeling "rooming house" $10,000 & $3,000 valuation 1/80-82 "Restore historic building and convert to 4 units"; $100,000 valuation 5/89 Reroofed building 9/99 Enclosed open space area under kitchen for storage -- $6,300 valuation ZONING: RH -- Residential high density COMMENTS: This building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It has been extensively renovated to create high-priced condominiums . This property is located in the Alphabet Historic District of northwest Portland. The zoning for this property is high density residential, potentially permitting redevelopment of this property. 50 Part/I 3446 NW Thurman St. #40 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. J. A. Heusner ADDRESS: 1164 Thurman St YEAR BUILT: 1894 STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 12/45 Alterations -- "SF use only"; added bath; $1,500 valuation 8/67 Installed 21 0' x 72" and 15' x 42" fence; $800 valuation ZONING: RS COMMENTS: The quality of the 2002 photograph is due to poor lighting conditions. Although it is difficult to evaluate changes to the building, the landscaping is clearly altered. Part/I 51 1500 SW Taylor St. #41 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Frederick V. Holman ADDRESS: 500 Taylor St. YEAR BUILT: 1890 STYLE: Shingle ARCHITECT: Edgar Lazarus ALTERATIONS HISTORY 11/48 Added room in basement 6/54 Removed and replaced front steps 7/55 Installed toilet room 3/56 Converted to office building 8/57 Finished basement for office use and access; $4,000 valuation 10/62 Removed broken chimney 7/97 Altered basement and main floor of office; $80,000 valuation ZONING: RX - Residential multi-dwelling, high density COMMENTS: This building is located in an area that is now urban and commercial at the edge of the city's downtown business district . Law offices have been the main use since at least 1980. There was a zone change to allow increased density in 1980. Significant changes include alterations to the entrance and to the cladding, originally shingle or slate. The stone wall is retained. The zoning would permit redevelopment of this property. 52 Part/I 1975 SW MONTGOMERY ST #42 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. M. H. Houser ADDRESS: 445 21st. St. YEAR BUilT : 1908 STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 1922 - Library extension, shutters added, two-car garage consturcted at rear of property ZONING: R10 COMMENTS: This residence is located in an exclusive neighborhood of southwest Portland. As a measure of the current value of this property, the tax assessment is approximately $19,000 per year. Most properties in the area are well maintained and many are contemporaries of this one. Part II 53 1805 NW 34th Ave. #43 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. E. S. Howe ADDRESS: 383 Rugby St. YEAR BUilT : 1905 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 12/93 Enclosed second floor deck to create shower and dressing area 6/98 Structural alterations -- sill, joists, foundation ZONING: R5 COMMENTS: This residence offers an example of how some buildings are relatively unchanged since 1911. The solid residential neighborhood, which is zoned single-dwelling residential, is one reason for this stability over time. This property is on a secluded street and like many of its neighbors remains a record of its time. 54 Part/I 3307 NW Franklin Ct. #44 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. C. N. Huggins ADDRESS: 1091 Franklin St. YEAR BUilT : 1902 STYLE: Colonial ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 8/26 Re-shingled west half of house; foundation placed under porch 3/45 Installed toilet room on first floor; SF only 4/95 Installed 17' x 25' deck ZONING: RS COMMENTS: With the modified front porch addition, possibly dating to 1926, the house has lost one of its defining characteristics. Part/I 55 2100 SW Elm St. #45 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. S. B. Huston ADDRESS: 622 Elm St. YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Craftsman Bungalow ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished at an unknown date ZONING: RS COMMENTS: The historic property was replaced in 1913. The area is now part of a school playground. 56 Part II 1502 SW Upper Hall Rd. #46 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Joseph Jacobberger ADDRESS: 500 Hall St. YEAR BUILT: 1906 STYLE: Arts & Crafts ARCHITECT: Josef Jacobberger ALTERATIONS HISTORY 8/25 Repaired retaining wall; $150 valuation 7/77 Installed fire escape from 3rd floor to hillside ZONING: RS COMMENTS: This residence is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It was the personal residence of the architect Jacobberger and has been well maintained. The side porch was enclosed at an unknown date. '2002 Part/I 57 3823 NE Glisan St. #47 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Dr. H. I. Keenry ADDRESS: E. 39th & Glisan YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished No demolition record found ZONING: R5 COMMENTS: This property was located at the intersection of two busy streets and was close to the streetcar line in 1911. It is now occupied by All Saints School in a neighborhood that retains its residential character. Some larger residences such as this one, however, were demolished to make way for smaller single-dwelling residences in the 1920s-1930s. 58 Part/I 315 NE Alberta St. #48 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. W. M. Killingsworth ADDRESS: 229 Alberta YEAR BUILT: c. 1890s STYLE: Queen Anne ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished at an unknown date ZONING: R1 - Residential multi-dwelling, medium density COMMENTS: City of Portland multi-family housing is under construction on this site. The most recent building on the site was constructed in 1944 and was subsequently demolished. This area of north Portland was compromised by construction of the Interstate 5 freeway, which led to fragmentation of the historic residential neighborhoods nearby. Part/I 59 617 SW Salmon St. #49 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. N. A. King ADDRESS: 617 Salmon YEAR BUilT : 1904 STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Whidden & Lewis ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1950; $250 project valuation ZONING: RH - Residential high density COMMENTS: A 14-story apartment building is located on this site. The zoning permits this type of development, although many of the surrounding buildings are historic single-dwelling residences constructed in the first decade of the 1900s. The historic property was originally known as the Nahum A. King House. King was the developer of this area, a high-end residential neighborhood now known as King's Hill. King's Hill was designated as a historic district in 1990. There remains, however, a fundamental conflict between the allowed zoning and the residential character of the historic buildings in the district. 60 Part/I 933 NW 25th Ave #50 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) 1911 NAME: Residence of Mr. Fred A. Kribs ADDRESS: 215 25th St. N YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Mission ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1958; $950 project valuation ZONING: R1 - Residential multi-dwelling, medium density COMMENTS: The current building was constructed in 1960. It is occupied by Lovejoy Surgicenter, an outpatient clin ic. The historic building is the only example of Mission style architecture in the book 1911 Portland Residences. Other buildings on nw 25T H Ave. include large-scale residences from the same period as the historic residence shown here. Generally, these buildings have been converted to office space or condominium use, reflecting the high value of real estate in the neighborhood. Part/I 61 5703 SE Belmont St. #51 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. W. A. Laidlaw ADDRESS: 1515 Belmont YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1966; $500 project valuation ZONING: R5 - Low density, single-dwelling residential COMMENTS: The six existing court apartments were constructed between the time the historic house was demolished and 1976. It noteworthy that the historic basalt retaining wall still exists at the sidewalk level of the redeveloped property, suggesting that some features - like walls and fences -- are always desirable. Belmont Street was early streetcar route and today is a busy thoroughfare, generally characterized by a mix of residential and commercial buildings. Although this property is zoned single family residential, its location at an "edge" made redevelopment likely. 62 Part/I 2201-2211 NE 21st. Ave #52 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Ellis F. Lawrence ADDRESS: 453 E. 21st. St. YEAR BUilT : 1906 STYLE: Shingle ARCHITECT: Ellis Lawrence ALTERATIONS HISTORY 3/60 Added toilet room; $500 valuation 5/63 Remodeled kitchen; $2,000 valuation 5/63 Added toilet room ZONING: RS COMMENTS: This property was the residence of architect Ellis Lawrence. Reportedly the first Arts & Crafts style house in the city (Hawkins, 449) , It was designed as a "double" house for Lawrence's extended family. Part/I 63 1309 NW 21st Ave. #55 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) 1911 NAME: Residence of Mr. D. C. Lewis ADDRESS: 285 21st. St. N YEAR BUilT : circa 1908 STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY No alterations history was recorded ZONING: RS COMMENTS: This property is located in the Nob Hill area of Portland and is now part of the Alphabet Historic District , designated in 2000. 64 Part/I 2405-31 NW Irving St. #56 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. E. E. Lytle ADDRESS: 175 N 24th St. YEAR BUilT : circa 1908 STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1959 ZONING: R1 - Residential multi-dwelling, medium density COMMENTS: The current residence is a low-rise apartment building constructed in 1978. The historic building was used as a boarding house before it was demolished. Other large properties in this area have been converted to office space or condominium use, reflecting the high value of real estate in the neighborhood (also see #50). Part II 65 1131 SW King St. #58 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. W.R. Mackenzie House ADDRESS: 251 King St. YEAR BUILT: 1902 STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Whidden & Lewis (attributed) ALTERATIONS HISTORY 5/22 Constructed 10 'x20' addition for garage at front of building; $600 valuation 10/63 Remodeled kitchen; $450 valuation 9/65 Constructed a 6' cyclone fence ZONING: R5 COMMENTS: This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and is located in the King's Hill Historic District. The property has been well maintained and is a fine example of the Colonial Revival style. 66 Part/I 6738 SE Yamhill St. #59 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. D. B. McBride ADDRESS: 1764 E. Yamhill YEAR BUILT: 1910 STYLE: Colonial/Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 11/66 Constructed a 6'x26' building addition at rear of house; one story with bath; extended kitchen; project valuation $4,600. This job was completed by "Home Modernizers, Inc." 8/83 Replaced steps; project valuation $1,600 ZONING: RS COMMENTS: This property is remarkably unchanged since 1911 and has been well maintained. It is located at the edge of Mt. Tabor Park in an area that is zoned for single-dwelling residences. Part II 67 3137 NW Thurman St. #61 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. W. G. McPherson ADDRESS: 1069 Thurman YEAR BUilT : 1903 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 9/22 Added sunroom and sleeping porch, 12'x24'; project valuation $2,500 9/26 Laid hardwood floors; $200 valuation 10/29 Remodeled windows and interior of kitchen; $100 valuation 6/39 Widened garage; $400 valuation 8/76 Replaced landing and stair; $500 valuation ZONING: RS COMMENTS: This property is located in a neighborhood of houses that were constructed at approximately the same time - early 1900s. Alterations to the south fa9ade of this house, completed in 1922, gave it a more imposing appearance. 68 Part/I 2120 NE Tillamook St. #62 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE} NAME: Residence of Mr. C. Lewis Mead ADDRESS: 714 Tillamook YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Arts & Crafts ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1954; $1000 project valuation 7/24 Divided 9'x24' bedroom into two bedrooms; $65 project valuation Constructed new building in 1957 ZONING: R1 - Residential multi-dwelling, medium density COMMENTS: Currently this property is owned by the Holladay Park Church of God; also see #67. It is located near a busy commercial corridor, NE Broadway, in the Irvington neighborhood. Several newer, low-rise multi-dwelling residences are nearby. Part /I 69 1124 NE 57th Ave. #63 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Chas. B. Merrick ADDRESS: 581 E. 57th St. N YEAR BUilT : Park STYLE: Craftsman/Old Portland ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1974 ; $600 project valuation ZONING: OS -- Open space COMMENTS: The property was demolished along with several others in the immediate vicinity to create a city park. The residences in the area today are more modest in size and style. 70 Part/I 7107 SE 17th Ave. #64 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. E. L. Mills ADDRESS: 1397 E. 17th St. S YEAR BUILT: 1908 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 3/52 Changed from single family to two-family residence; $200 valuation; kitchen added on 2nd floor w/o permit 9/79 Repaired fire damage; $2,500 valuation ZONING: RS COMMENTS: This is one of the few properties in the study group that is located in southeast Portland, in this case the Sellwood neighborhood. The 1952 modification to accommodate two families was allowed under the zoning designation. Note that the front porch has been removed . Part tt 71 831-841 NE 20th Ave. #65 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Lewis Montgomery ADDRESS: 223 E. 20th St. N YEAR BUILT: N/A STYLE: Craftsman/Colonial ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1955; $600 project valuation ZONING: CX - Central commercial COMMENTS: The existing building was constructed in 1973 on the same block as the historic residence was once located. The area is adjacent to the Interstate 84 freeway and now contains a mix of light industrial buildings, such as this one which produces a food product, and modest residences. The commercial zoning allows intensive use. 72 Part ff 1533 NE Tillamook St. #66 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. J. E. Nelson ADDRESS: 615 Tillamook YEAR BUilT : 1908 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 6/70 Repaired fire damage to "war code six-family apartment"; $3,995 valuation ZONING: R5 COMMENTS: This property is located in the Irvington neighborhood, an area that is currently enjoying renewed popularity. Part II 73 2144 NE Tillamook St. #67 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. A. R. Porter ADDRESS: 728 Tillamook YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished in 1954; $1,000 project valuation ZONING: R1 - Residential multi-dwelling, medium density COMMENTS: Curently this is a parking lot owned by Holladay Park Church of God property -- also see #62. The property is located near several low-rise, multi-dwelling buildings. 74 Part/I 2388 NW Irving St. #68 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. W. E. Prudhomme ADDRESS: 794 Irving YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Arts & Crafts ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Demolished "offices" in 1983; project valuation $3,500 ZONING: R1 -- Residential multi-dwelling, medium density COMMENTS: Currently this is the Fruit & Flower Day Nursery, constructed in 1972. It is a day care facility serving a densely populated are of northwest Portland, which contains a mix of high-value residential and commercial properties. Part II 75 1111 NW 25th St. #70 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. G. F. Sanborn ADDRESS: 245 N. 25th YEAR BUILT: 1910 STYLE: Arts & Crafts ARCHITECT: Bennes, Hendricks & Tobey ALTERATIONS HISTORY: 8/21 Added shower; $250 valuation 4/46 Altered single family residence to create a "hotel" for 25 persons; $1,500 valuation 8/47 Added a fire escape to "boarding house"; $385 valuation 9/50 Repaired fire damage; $3,500 valuation 11 /50 Demolished garage 9/78 "Demolition in preparation for renovation"-- "no bearing walls removed"; $1,000 valuation 11/78 Renovation project including four units; $10,0000 valuation. ZONING: R1 COMMENTS: Currently this is property is the Sanborn House Condominiums, a high-priced multi-dwelling residence in the heart of the Nob Hill neighborhood of northwest Portland. The property is a historic landmark and has been well maintained. 76 Part/I ·-·------··-~·-·----·---------····---- 737 SW Vista #71 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Emil Schacht ADDRESS: 171 Ford St. YEAR BUilT : 1902 STYLE: Shingle/Richardsonian ARCHITECT: Emil Schacht ALTERATIONS HISTORY: 7/77 Replaced outside stairs; $50 valuation 8/77 Landscaped property; $2,500 valuation 10/91 Bathroom rehabilitated; $2,600 valuation 10/92 Replaced 8'x31' porch with "new enclosed heated porch, same size"; $28,000 valuation ZONING: RH COMMENTS: This property, once the residence of architect Emil Schacht, is currently occupied as a duplex. It is located in the King's Hill Historic District on a busy street. The 1992 modification to porch considerably masked the front elevation of the residence. Zoning for this property would allow redevelopment. Part/I 77 2375 Park Pl. #72 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Chas. J. Schnabel ADDRESS: 785 Park Ave. YEAR BUILT: 1907 STYLE: Arts & Crafts ARCHITECT: William Knighton ALTERATIONS HISTORY 3/30 Constructed an addition: "brick veneer to match existing porch; tin deck with 8'x12' beam where wall taken out"; $600 valuation ZONING: R1 COMMENTS: This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and is located in the King's Hill Historic District. It is difficult to see and photograph this residence due to the mature landscaping, however it is evident that the front porch was modified and enclosed. 78 Part/I 2009 NE Brazee St. #73 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. T. J. Seufert ADDRESS: 705 Brazee YEAR BUILT: 1908 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 2/25 Enlarged garage for two cars; $100 valuation 11 /71 Installed ventilation; $20 valuation 4/72 Covered attic space for storage; $300 valuation 7/93 Enlarged kitchen, added window; $12,000 valuation ZONING: R5 COMMENTS: This property is located in the Irvington Conservation District of northeast Portland. Landscaping obscures some of the details, but it is evident that the porch has been modified and the terrace removed. Part II 79 5219 SE Belmont St. #75 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Blaine R. Smith ADDRESS: 1441 Belmont YEAR BUilT : 1910 STYLE: Arts & Crafts/Tudor ARCHITECT: Ellis Lawrence ALTERATIONS HISTORY 11/60 Remodeled kitchen; $750 valuation 6/97 Bed & Breakfast permit granted for six guests 11/97 Work began to remodel building for above use ZONING: R2 COMMENTS: This building, designed by Ellis Lawrence, remains in excellent condition, except for the historically inappropriate new fence. The property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It is currently used as a bed and breakfast. It is located on a busy street that has mixed residential and commercial use. 80 Part /I 1943 SW MONTGOMERY #76 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Walter N. Smith ADDRESS: 441 21st. St. YEAR BUILT: 1897 STYLE: Arts & Crafts ARCHITECT: Josef Jacobberger ALTERATIONS HISTORY 1968 - Roof over northeast porch removed ZONING: R 10, low-density residential COMMENTS: Alterations to the front porch have changed the appearance of this residence. This building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Part II 81 2500 SW Park Pl. #77 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. F. S. Stanley ADDRESS: 771 Park Ave. YEAR BUilT : 1907 STYLE: Colonial Revival ARCHITECT: Whidden & Lewis ALTERATIONS HISTORY No recorded alterations. ZONING: R1 COMMENTS: This residence is located in the King's Hill Historic District. It is camouflaged by the landscaping, which acts as a buffer for the busy street immediately adjacent. However, the building remains in excellent condition and has not been greatly modified, although it is right next to a high rise building constructed in the 1960s under generous zoning allowances. 82 Part/I 16th & SW College St. #81 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. H. A. Stiles ADDRESS: 535 College St. YEAR BUilT : Unknown STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY Altered porch, added casement windows, and added garage at unknown dates. ZONING: CX - Residential multi-dwelling, high density COMMENTS: This residence is located in the Portland Heights neighborhood, an area where houses have been preserved to a great degree -- although somewhat altered, like this property. Part II 83 1515 SW Clifton St. #82 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. Wm. Bittle Wells ADDRESS: 16th & Clifton St. YEAR BUilT : 1910 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: John V. Bennes ALTERATIONS HISTORY 8/61 Kitchen interior remodeled; $500 valuation 5/99 Added sunporch (heated) ZONING: R10 COMMENTS: This residence is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It is located in the Portland Heights neighborhood and is a fine example of Craftsman style architecture. In 1910 this house was close to a public trolley line, although sited in an exclusive neighborhood. The garage was added at a later, unknown date. 84 Part/I 23 NE San Rafael St. #83 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE) NAME: Residence of Mr. C. Leo Gee Wo ADDRESS: 291 San Rafael St. YEAR BUilT : 1907 STYLE: Craftsman ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 1/27 Installed driveway, enlarged garage 1O'x14' for two cars; $30 valuation ZONING: R1 COMMENTS: This property is significant because the owner name provided for 1911 is Asian, the only such example in Residential Portland 1911. The 1911 photo is also the only example showing a person with the house. Significant alterations include enclosure of the front porch at an unknown date. Part II 85 2210 NE Weidler St. #85 HISTORIC INFORMATION (1911 REFERENCE} NAME: Residence of Mr. W. J. Zimmerman ADDRESS: 748 Weidler YEAR BUilT : 1908 STYLE: Craftsman/Old Portland ARCHITECT: Unknown ALTERATIONS HISTORY 3/37 Remodeled one bedroom, 9'x12',with two windows 36"x26"; $50 valuation 3/38 Constructed 18'x21 garage; $200 valuation 4/41 Changed single family residence to six apartments; $1,100 valuation 6/68 Rebuilt loose stone work in front of lot, "fallen-down section, 30 feet"; $1,480 valuation 5/71 Repaired stone wall 50'x3 1/2', mortared stone; $600 valuation ZONING: R2.5 COMMENTS: Zoned for 5-20 units, "Commercial Apt." This property is located at an "edge," with a mix of residential and commercial properties nearby. It is sited on NE Weidler, a transportation route. The residence has been modified on the interior several times, mainly to accommodate more intensive use. Modifications to the exterior increased the building footprint and changed the upper porch. The historic stone wall remains in good repair. 86 Part ff --------- --- PROPERTIES IN THE STUDY GROUP The following is a list of the properties evaluated for this study. 43 1805 NW 34th Ave. The identification numbers correspond to the numbers in Part II.* 44 3307 NW Franklin Ct. 45 2100 SW Elm St. demolished 46 1502 SW Upper Hall Rd.* ID# Site Address Demolition status 47 3823 NE Glisan St. demolished 48 315 NE Alberta St. demolished 2 635 NW 18th St. demolished 49 617 SW Salmon St. demolished 3 2023 NE Broadway St. demolished 50 933 NW 25th Ave. demolished 4 1628 NE Wasco St. demolished 51 5703 SE Belmont St. demolished 5 174 0 SW Elizabeth St. 52 2201 NE 21st. Ave 6 2325 SW 20th St. 55 1309 NW 21st Ave. 7 4816 NE 15th Ave. 56 2405-31 NW Irving St. demolished 8 1400 block NW 22nd Ave. demolished 58 1131 SW King Ct.* 9 3424 NW Franklin Ct. 59 6738 SE Yamhill St. 11 1960 SW Vista Ave. 61 3137 NW Thurman St. 12 2011 SW Carter Lane demolished 62 2120 NE Tillamook St. demolished 13 5631 SE Belmont St. 63 1200 block NE 57th Ave. demolished 15 2116 NE 18th Ave. 64 7107 SE 17th Ave. 16 1535 SW 11th Ave. 65 831-841 NE 20th Ave. demolished 17 1133 SW Park Ave. demolished 66 1533 NE Tillamook St. 18 1119 SW Park Ave. demolished 67 2144 NE Tillamook St. demolished 19 SW 5th & Yamhill demolished 68 2388 NW Irving St. demolished 22 2043-47 NE Tillamook St. 70 1111 NW 25th St. 24 1725 SW Prospect Dr. 71 737 SW Vista 27 1413 SE 15th Ave. 72 2375 SW Park Pl.* 28 3115 NW Thurman St. 73 2009 NE Brazee St. 29 2334 NW Northrup St. 75 5219 SE Belmont St.* 30 2455 NW Overton St. 76 1945 SW Montgomery St.* 31 1507 SW Spring St. 77 2500 SW Park Pl. demolished 32 1607 NW 24TH Ave. 81 161h & SW College St. 33 23223 SW Park Pl. demolished 82 1515 SW Clifton St.* 34 2636 NW Cornell Rd. * 83 23 NE San Rafael St. 36 2642 NW Lovejoy St.* 84 1202 NE Tillamook St. demolished/not located 37 1827 SW Myrtle St. 85 2210 NE Weidler St. 38 2336 NW Irving St demolished 39 333 NW 20th Ave.* 40 3446 NW Thurman St. Note: The identification numbers are not consecutive. Some properties in the 41 1500 SW Taylor St. source book, Residential Portland 1911, were not evaluated due to 42 1975 SW Montgomery St. inconsistencies and missing information. * This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Part /I 87 Properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places Several properties in the study group are individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places. These properties are referenced in list on the preceding page. 88 Part/I PART Ill Data Analysis & Conclusions I I ----------·--·---- DATA ANALYSIS & CONCLUSIONS DISTRIBUTION OF PROPERTIES The greatest number of properties in the study group is located in southwest Portland, with 36% of the total. The The total number of properties in the study group is 67. second greatest number of properties is located in the These properties are distributed in the four geographic northwest part of the city. The southeast accounts for the quadrants of Portland, as follows: least number of properties. It is likely that the southeast • Northwest - 20 30% was less represented in the book Residential Portland 1911 • Northeast - 17 25% because it was not as well developed as other areas of • Southwest - 24 36% town, and also because it was a less prestigious • Southeast - 6 9% address at that time. It is difficult to speculate on how buildings were selected for included in the book, but likely that a central reason was to showcase Portland's finer properties. Distribution of Properties by Geographic Area RECORDED ALTERATIONS D Northwest Public building records examined for this study show ■ Northeast that there were over 90 instances of modifications to '36% D Southwest properties in this study group. Several common types of D Southeast 25% alterations were categorized to create the following list. The list records the number of instances found in each Part/II 91 category, and it shows percentages of the total number of DEMOLITION TRENDS alterations recorded. This data does not include all the alterations that were documented. This is because there Of the 67 properties evaluated for this study, 24 or 38 were several miscellaneous activities that are not easily percent have been demolished since 1911. No single categorized, such as driveway widening and the repair explanation or evaluation method can be described as work. The 90 modifications shown in the building records causal, but trends and patterns can b~ highlighted by are .c ategorized as follows: examining categories of data. The following statistics show . Porch - 12 13% the incidence of residential demolitions according to: . Garage -15 17% 1. Geographic area, . Kitchen -16 18% 2. Zoning designation, . Bathroom - 1O 11% 3. Architectural style, . Windows-6 7% 4. Date of demolition, and Fire damage - 9 10% . 5. Size of property. Unspecified remodel - 13 14% . . Conversion to apartment - 5 6% 1. Demolitions by geographic area . Landscaping - 1 1% Demolition figures according to the four geographic Bedrooms -- 2 2% quadrants of the city are as follows: • Northwest Portland - 6 demolitions 25% The limitation of this evaluation is the likelihood that most • Northeast Portland - 7 demolitions 29% modifications were carried out without a building permit, • Southwest Portland - 1O demolitions 42% particularly interior alterations. However, it is clear that • Southeast Portland - 1 demolition 4% garages, kitchens, bathrooms and porches were frequently upgraded or expanded. 92 Part Ill Since the southwest area includes the downtown part of 2. Demolitions by zoning designation the city, it is predictable that most demolitions occurred The highest incidence of demolitions in this category there. While the second greatest number of properties is occurred in areas that are zoned R1, which allows medium- located in the northwest part of the city, that area did not density multi-dwelling development. This type of zoning is register the second largest percentage of demolitions. More often applied in areas that can be described as transitional properties were demolished in northeast Portland. This and is frequently applied as a buffer between areas that are may be attributable to redevelopment projects and rezoning zoned for commercial use and areas that are zoned for on the east side, along with transportation projects such as low-density residential use. the construction of Interstate 84. Northwest Portland remained a residential enclave that also experienced • R5 - Residential single-dwelling , low density redevelopment, but on a lesser scale. zone (8.7 units/acre) ; R7 -- Residential single- dwelling zone, low density (6 .2 units/acre) - 4 properties demolished, or 17% of total Demolitions by • R1 - Residential multi-dwelling zone, medium geographic area density (43 units/acre) - 7 properties demolished, or 29% of total 25 • RH - Residential multi-dwelling, high density 20 zone (85-125 units/acre) - 4 properties 15 □ Total props. demolished, or 17% of total 10 ■ Demolished • RX - Residential multi-dwelling zone, highest 5 density (100+ units/acre) - 3 properties 0 NW NE SW SE demolished, or 12.5% of total Part/II 93 • CS -- Storefront Commercial zone, intended for 3. Demolitions by architectural style commercial areas in older neighborhoods - 2 Although the greatest number of properties in the study properties demolished, or 8% of total group were designed in the Craftsman style, most of the • CX- Central Commercial zone, intended to demolished properties were Colonial Revival style provide for commercial development in Portland's buildings. This is due in large part to the fact that the most intense and urban areas - 2 properties largest and most ornate residences were generally Colonial demolished, or 8% of total Revival style buildings, and these larger buildings suffered • IG - General Industrial zone, intended to provide the highest rates of demolition. Buildings designed in the areas where most industrial uses may locate - 1 Queen Anne style, while representing a small percentage property demolished, or 4% of total of the total number of buildings in the study group, did not • Other - 1 property, or 4% of total fare well. The Queen Anne style was considered old fashioned in the early decades of the 20th century; it was also difficult to maintain many of the features characteristic Demolitions of the style, such ornate woodwork elements on the by zoning exterio.r f acades. 7.,,-,---;,;:=ar---------------, . Colonial Revival - 9 37% 6 5J,,t--u,:,;a----------, Craftsman - 7 29% 4 J.+-i!lll!l---=..-----.=:ar----=,:;;r--=:::ar---1 . Shingle-2 8% 3 2 □ Total% . . Arts & Crafts - 2 8% 1 . Mission -1 4% 0 R1 RH RS R7 CS, . Second Empire - 1 4% ex Queen Anne - 2 8% 94 Part/II 4. Demolitions by date Most properties were demolished in the 1950s. This was a Demolitions by date period of renewed prosperity following WWII. During that decade a new zoning code was developed that was generally sympathetic to commercial interests, and as a consequence many residential areas were rezoned to allow 2r-a.5%25% D 1920-1940 • higher density development. ■ 1950s □ 1960-1990 15°/4 □ Unknown The 1960s and 1970s follow behind the 1950s in numbers 35% of properties demolished. The latter generally were the result of urban renewal projects, including the construction 5. Demolitions by size of freeways. Residential areas near those projects were Almost all the properties in the study group are quite large ripe for rezoning and/or redevelopment. by comparison with contemporary residential properties, . . 1920s -2 8% even those at the higher end of the economic spectrum. . 1930s - 2 8% However, for the purpose of this evaluation the properties . 1940s - 1 4% in the study group can be broken up into three approximate 1950s - 7 29% sizes: very large (at least 6 bedrooms and several public . . 1960s - 3 12.5% rooms), large (4-6 bedrooms), and medium sizes (4 . 1970s - 3 12.5% bedrooms or less). Since records are not available to verify 1980s -1 4% square footage or number of bedrooms in the study group, . Unknown-5 21% the following analysis is based on exterior observations. • Very large size - 14 58% • Large size - 10 42% • Medium size - O 0% Part/II 95 fell into disrepair because they were not adequately Demolitions by general maintained, often because it was too expensive to do so. In property size these cases demolition was often inevitable. Finally, zoning changes and the demands of a growing urban area made many of the largest buildings in the study group obsolete . 0% □ Very large ■ Large □ Medium It is evident that the "very large" group of properties suffered the highest rates of demolition. This is unsurprising for several reasons. In general, the largest single-family residences were burdensome to maintain in the contemporary era. As a practical matter, the practice of employing servants to maintain households was no longer economically feasible or socially desirable. Many of the largest single-dwelling houses were therefore vulnerable to conversion to a new use or to demolition. By contrast, properties in the "medium" group were as affected because they continued to be viable family residences. Some properties were converted for use as multi-dwelling residences or as professional office space. Other houses 96 Part/II OBSERVATIONS preservation practices will be followed in such neighborhoods. The following observations are supported by the data 5. Proximity to public transportation and/or commercial presented on previous pages of Section Ill. corridors is not generally beneficial to retention of historic 1. The largest, most ornate residences properties, particularly in their original form. However, have proved there are instances of larger-size single-dwelling most susceptible to redevelopment, particularly in the residences being successfully converted to multi-dwelling business district of the city. These buildings are most use in these areas. difficult to adapt for a new use and are not viable as single-dwelling residences. 6. Porches, kitchens, and bathrooms are most often 2. Craftsman style dwellings changed, according to building records reviewed for this are the predominant style study. In this study there are several instances where in the study group and generally have been retained at porch modifications have changed the characteristic higher numbers, particularly those that are not "mansion" appearance of properties. Changes to kitchens and size. bathrooms, on the other hand, do not generally affect the 3. Zoning primary facades of properties and are therefore less other than low-density residential (RS, R7) problematic modifications. promotes redevelopment. This is due to market forces. 4. Neighborhoods are very important to building retention rates. Where there are groups of similar style and scale buildings in the general vicinity, the likelihood of retention is increased. Well-maintained neighborhoods tend to stay intact. It is also more likely that good Part/II 97 CONCLUSIONS throughout the teens, twenties, and thirties. Some 25,000 houses were constructed in Portland during a building One of the key findings of this study is that the demolitions boom in the 1920s, as mentioned in Part I of this study. were generally not the result of physical changes to the Neighborhoods on the east side of the city that had been properties, but to a wide range of other influences. These platted but not developed during the first decade of the influences can be identified with the following trends and 20th century were filled in. In the downtown core, larger factors: properties in this study group, such as the Corbett 1. Population growth and urban expansion mansion (see #18) were demolished to make way for the 2. Market forces (increasing land values; commercial growing city's civic amenities, such as the Portland Art development) Museum and the Masonic Temple, and for commercial 3. Lifestyle choices (movement away from center city, development (see #19). In the rapidly developing close-in smaller houses) urban neighborhoods, the largest residential properties, 4. Socio-economic trends often located on oversize lots, were candidates for 5. Zoning changes (e.g., residential to commercial) redevelopment or subdivision (see #12 in this study). 6. Transportation patterns (e.g., streetcar and automobile routes, highway development) 2. Market forces These influences are reflected in the data on previous The 1924 zoning regulations would remain in effect for 34 pages of Part 111. years and had a significant impact on the city. Several aspects of the new zoning were highly beneficial to the 1. Population growth and urban expansion real estate industry, allowing unlimited building and failing In 1911, when Residential Portland 1911 was published, to regulate yard dimensions and building density (see Part most of the houses that were featured were only a few I of this study for additional information). The regulations years old, having been constructed for affluent members promoted speculation and piecemeal redevelopment. of Portland's swelling population during the boom years of Areas that had previously been homogeneous became 1900-1910. Portland continued to grow and develop mixed-use areas. In many cases this led to the destruction 98 Part/II of larger single-family houses (see #8 in this study). 4. Socio-economic trends Revisions to the zoning code in the 1950s were designed In addition to being affected by the lifestyle changes to facilitate commercial uses at the expense of residential mentioned in the previous paragraphs, some urban uses. Generous commercial zoning was enacted, neighborhoods were significantly altered by economic and particularly near commercial corridors. This prompted social forces. The early 1940s were boom years for redevelopment of sites that had been occupied by single- Portland, due in large part to the burgeoning shipbuilding dwelling residences (see #65 in this study). and maritime industries that were developed for war production efforts. As new workers flooded into the city, 3. Lifestyle choices the city scrambled to provide housing in the close-in As the 20th century progressed, so did social attitudes and neighborhoods. Many of the large, older houses were lifestyle choices. The largest single-family properties were subdivided into smaller apartments and rented rooms burdensome - and expensive -- to maintain. The Great during the war years. Northwest Portland was particularly Depression left even the more affluent families without the affected by this trend since it was near the factories and means - and servants -- to maintain large households shipyards (see #70 in this study). Unfortunately, many of (see #33 in the study group). In the 1940s and beyond, the older residences were inexpensive and slightly run families generally adopted a less formal lifestyle, and the down by that time, having been vacated by owners who larger properties with their formal rooms and ornate moved to the suburbs during the Motor Age. Demolitions features were not suitable for those who preferred a followed in some cases. "modern, " less constrained lifestyle. The opening of new suburban neighborhoods enticed many urban families to Another manifestation of socio-economic change was the embrace the suburban lifestyle. Many of Portland's well- construction of apartment buildings, institutions, and heeled residents, particularly in the close-in northwest commercial buildings in areas that had formerly been neighborhoods, gave up their family mansions to move exclusively residential. Larger residential properties, which away from the bustle of the city. often occupied big lots, were ripe for redevelopment. This began to occur in approximately 1914, and it was allowed Part/II 99 under planning and zoning regulations, which sought to heights in areas zoned for multi-dweillng residential use. provide additional housing, commercial buildings, and In areas where there was an existing mix of multi- and institutions for the city's growing population (see #47 in single-dwelling residences, like King's Hill in northwest this study). Portland, the single-dwelling residences were often threatened by redevelopment. This was especially true 5. Zoning changes where real estate values were on the upswing. Zoning is the underlying factor behind many of the demolitions and other significant modifications that 6. Transportation patterns occurred to properties in this study group. Zoning Changes in transportation developments and patterns, regulations adopted in 1924 generally encouraged greater including the development of streetcars, roads, and density and commercial and industrial development. City highways, plays a major role how the built environment planners and civic leaders were convinced these changes evolves. were necessary to provide needed housing and jobs for the city's residents. The 1924 zoning code had assigned In Portland, the development of an extensive streetcar apartment zones in anticipation of continued rapid growth. network in the last decade of the 19th century and the first Although that growth failed to materialize, one of the decade of the 20th century facilitated Portland's major consequences was real estate speculation and construction boom of 1900-1910, and by implication all of neighborhood instability due to changing residential the residences shown in Residential Portland 1911 -- the values. Some older properties were demolished as a book that forms the basis for this study. All but a few of result of this speculation. Three decades later, updated the residences shown in the book were constructed during zoning regulations in the 1950s were prompted by a those years. citizens' advisory committee, and these regulations were designed to facilitate the needs of the automobile. They During the mid-1920s, an ambitious agenda of citywide also facilitated commercial use at the expense of improvements was undertaken. Top on the list was to residential use and generally allowed increased building relieve automobile congestion. Cars had become the 100 Part Ill dominant mode of transportation, and streets were transportation corridors. These developments, while well redesigned to accommodate the needs of the automobile. intentioned perhaps necessary to the growing city, had the Major roads were widened and bridges projects effect of eroded the character of residential areas, and undertaken. Areas of the city that were not near many properties were demolished in the vicinity of project established streetcar routes were thus newly accessible to areas. An example of this kind of change can be seen in residential development. With increasing real estate property # 4, located near Interstate 84 and a shopping values, some of the larger, older properties that located on mall. the former "outskirts" of the city were redeveloped. Much more could be said about these trends and the During the World War II years, automobile-dominated longer-term implications for preservation of Portland's projects such as freeways, parking, highways and bridges finest residential buildings. Although significant changes were considered and planned. The years after World War since 1911 have altered the residential fabric of the city II ushered in a period of explosive economic growth and and caused demolition of many fine residential buildings, it development. Again, the automobile played a key role. is also apparent that Portland continues to be Freeways were designed to crisscross the city, and a distinguished by its attractive and diverse residential number of private developments and federally funded neighborhoods. The city enjoys residential character that projects were undertaken. The downtown area was the has remained vibrant. The challenge is to plan for future subject of recommendations for improvements and developments that will enhance or contribute to its "reshaping" that included added parking for shoppers and residential character. generally addressing urban blight. Freeways constructed around and through the city also took a toll on residential neighborhoods, particularly at the edges near the freeways, where land was rezoned for industrial or commercial use and/or flattened for automobile traffic. Major streets took on more traffic and became Part/II 101 BIBLIOGRAPHY --. The Portland Planning Commission: An Historical Overview. Portland, OR: Bureau of Planning, December 1979. --. Zoning Code. Portland, OR: Bureau of Planning, May 1956. PRIMARY SOURCES Gaston, Joseph. Portland, Oregon: Its History and Builders. Multnomah County Tax Assessor records, electronic files. Portland, OR: S. J. Clarke Publishing Co. , 1911 . Polk's Portland City Directory. Portland, OR: R. L. Polk Co. , Hawkins, William J. Ill and William F. Willingham. Classic & Inc., 1895 - 1924 Houses of Portland, Oregon, 1850-1[!50. Portland, OR: Timber Press, 1999. · City of Portland, Oregon. -- Bureau of Buildings. Building permit records. Labbe, John T. Fares, Please! Those Portland Trolley Years. Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, 1980. --. Bureau of Planning, Zoning Codes. MacColl, E. Kimbark. The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon, 1915 to 1950. Portland, OR: The Georgian Press, 1976. SECONDARY SOURCES The Shaping of a City: Business and Politics in Portland, Abbott, Carl. Portland: Gateway to the Northwest. Northridge: Oregon 1885 to 1915. Portland, OR: The Georgian Press, Windsor Publications, Inc., 1985. 1976. -- Portland: Planning, Politics, and Growth in a Twentieth- Marlitt, Richard. Nineteenth Street. Portland, OR: OHS, 1978. Century City. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983. Meidell, Pamela S., ed. Oregon Style: Architecture from 1840 -- "Nob Hill." Ch. in Potential Historic Conservation Districts. to the 1950s. Portland, OR: Professional Book Center, Portland, OR: Bureau of Planning, Oct. 1978. Inc., 1983. -- "Portland Historical Context Statement (Draft) ." Portland, Northwest District Association. Northwest Portland Historic OR: Bureau of Planning, Oct. 1993. Inventory: Historic Context Statement. Portland, OR: Northwest District Association , 1991 . City of Portland. Potential Historic Conservation Districts. Portland, OR: Bureau of Planning, Oct. 1978. Northwest Portland Historic Inventory Update, Phase I. Portland, OR: Northwest District Association, 1991 . --. "Albina Community Context Statement (Draft)." Portland, OR: Bureau of Planning, Sept. 1992. The Newspaper Syndicate. Residential Portland 1911 . Portland, OR: 1911 . --. "East Portland Community Plan Project Summary Report." Portland, OR: Bureau of Planning, Aug. 1997. Tess, John M. Thompson Court National Register Nomination , 1996. Part/II 103 -----------------·-~·--·-·-- APPENDICES APPENDIX A: ProQerties in the stud~ grouQ ID# Site Address Demolition status 43 1805 NW 34th Ave. The following is a list of the properties evaluated for this study. 44 3307 NW Franklin Ct. The identification numbers correspond to the numbers in Part 45 2100 SW Elm St. demolished II.* 46 1502 SW Upper Hall Rd .* 47 3823 NE Glisan St. demolished 48 315 NE Alberta St. demolished ID# Site Address Demolition status 49 617 SW Salmon St. demolished 50 933 NW 25th Ave. demolished 2 635 NW 18th St. demolished 51 5703 SE Belmont St. demolished 3 2023 NE Broadway St. demolished 52 2201 NE 21st. Ave 4 1628 NE Wasco St. demolished 55 1309 NW 21st Ave. 5 174 0 SW Elizabeth St. 56 2405-31 NW Irving St. demolished 6 2325 SW 20th St. 58 1131 SW King Ct.* 7 4816 NE 15th Ave. 59 6738 SE Yamhill St. 8 1400 block NW 22nd Ave. demolished 61 3137 NW Thurman St. 9 3424 NW Franklin Ct. 62 2120 NE Tillamook St. demolished 11 1960 SW Vista Ave. 63 1200 block NE 57th Ave. demolished 12 2011 SW Carter Lane demolished 64 7107 SE 17th Ave. 13 5631 SE Belmont St. 65 831-841 NE 20th Ave. demolished 15 2116 NE 18th Ave. 66 1533 NE Tillamook St. 16 1535 SW 11th Ave. 67 2144 NE Tillamook St. der.iolished 17 1133 SW Park Ave. demolished 68 2388 NW Irving St. demolished 18 1119 SW Park Ave. demolished 70 1111 NW 25th St. 19 SW 5th & Yamhill demolished 71 737 SW Vista 22 2043-47 NE Tillamook St. 72 2375 SW Park Pl. * 24 1725 SW Prospect Dr. 73 2009 NE Brazee St. 27 1413 SE 15th Ave. 75 5219 SE Belmont St.* 28 3115 NW Thurman St. 76 1945 SW Montgomery St.* 29 2334 NW Northrup St. 77 2500 SW Park Pl. demolished 30 2455 NW Overton St. 81 161h & SW College St. 31 1507 SW Spring St. 82 1515 SW Clifton St.* 32 1607 NW 24TH Ave. 83 23 NE San Rafael St. 33 23223 SW Park Pl. demolished 84 1202 NE Tillamook St. demolished/not located 34 2636 NW Cornell Rd. * 85 2210 NE Weidler St. 36 2642 NW Lovejoy St.* 37 1827 SW Myrtle St. 38 2336 NW Irving St demolished Note: The identification numbers are not consecutive. Some properties in the source 39 333 NW 20th Ave.* book, Residential Portland 191 1, were not evaluated due to inconsistencies and 40 3446 NW Thurman St. missing info rmation. 41 1500 SW Taylor St. 42 1975 SW Montgomery St. * This property is listed in the National Regis ter of H istoric Places. Appendix A 107 --·----------·--··---------------------------- APPENDIX B: MAPS AppendixB 109 CITY OF PORTLAND IN 1911 Published by Collier & Son, 1911 The view is looking east. The east side of the city is on the top and the west side of the city is on the bottom. Streetcar lines, shown as solid lines on the major transit streets, are an important feature of this map. A larger version of this map is included with the project document. 110 EXISTING & DEMOLISHED PROPERTIES #1 Map of Portland showing existing and demolished structures in the study group. These properties are shown as large dots. The map also shows taxlots, 1 roads, zoning, and other details. The map was produced using GIS technology and is based on information researched for th is study. A larger version of this map is included with the project document. AppendixB EXISTING & DEMOLISHED -~ I (I PROPERTIES #2 J . Map of Portland showing existing and demolished structures in the study group. These properties are shown as large dots. The map also shows historic landmarks as small dots. The map was produced using GIS technology and is based on information researched for this study. A larger version of this map is included with the project document. l ~ : .,. i ~ •. J. IST 111 ! ~ ~ : _ fil1ll 11 111 : ., ; ~ 1 rm 1ZCIITnt ~~-- -r=-=e=-r-;-rr--.,--,--.---=:m::c--=,rr,-,rr,r'F"f=Ocn=Fr=T'rm:rf"FF'""-""'">"-=~..;:,-=:-,:=-.,.-==:;~~;:,i-r-_--~rro---=,-,---~ -,-,--,----,-,---,-==,....----~~~r-,--,,,-~ ~ ~cr=cc--=-"',-------,--~~c:r-n,-----,----,,--,,-c;c--:-=c;:::--oi- -~-------■ ',}oo~f,l:N City of Portland Map1 Bureau of Planning Geographic I Information System ,2002 11 rtland ildings ... Existing and Demolished Structures =#=/ LEGEND • Landmark Status 84 Property Inventory Number Age of Structure (year built) Research by Liza Mickle University of Oregon Terminal Project - Spring 2002 Historic Preservation Program Area Mapped c====---=- y N •114\ep,udd• •q In"' s.o••,.... 10 ""'\\r.>\l{W\l ' ..M IW)H ·:i:;,,npold•1'1l.lu•dw~•i.p111MNl1U9. .I MOll l ....l p .F~£=~:i~:rf;Tu;;~·~~~r.r: ·~:?.p1~~~:=k". :l\;~~x:=~~~~ ;;.~i::.i:: jg ll'f'911WltUn:~i'd.';.~::~d•~~~:t,°:c1!~' :!~ ·n1n• 1ua•J1IP 11 •re111t1ew 1:uno1 wo.a, P111,clwoo 111p ll't' "\NJr-1+- k>1unt1:1W "ZOOZ'ldy11tlnoap ~lu:::=~~;!·~~iiSE~~{~i?i~i weJ60Jd UO!lB/\J8S8Jd OIJOlSIH ZOOZ 6upd5 - 1:ie[oJd 1ell1w18_t uo6a10 JO Al!SJ81\!Un BP!O!V\I e~nAq4::>JE!8S8k( If / _.,.. .,.._ - ,.,._ 1 l I I ! I i I ~ . ~' : ( . I .. Cll, ~-• "'m- ~ I ., i., ' ,. • :': •m':'! U)t .F'-:iJ'~ -==-7. ~.~.~ -~ rt:11r· ~~ ' r-,,,.,._ ~ ,:~4-:,~=~1 ~~ ~ ! I;_: ~•n.: ... ~. ~ ~ 4• c ~ . _4 ' i::_ _ dri ic t=.i ,,,> - . . --~./ J I W , Jt. . - Jffi-"~~ ~. ~.!/if"? ~ IW 0 ~+-'1:_'a., - -~ , ~' ~,1Ji ~- ; ,- w /'' : c---~~~Fr~~~J::::':~jy' ~>-:~,~ : , nJ~ . ""'"""""'-'--=~ =-'=.---'I ,'- ,""\.1" .. !; 4~ "; l· -- •_ J1~. I : r"' 1 •• •["' 'l_ ( J~::"fl ,-" I .• ,r-9 ( '.l [ J ., '"'' .. ,........ _.. 222 MAI' OF THE CITY OF PORTLAND, OREGON - - - - - - - -- - - ., DESIGN NA 7238 .P575 M53 2002 Map 3