MANDATES AND TRUSTEESHIP* A COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS by DONALD 0. SMITH A THESIS Presented to the School o f P o l i t ic a l science and the Graduate School o f the U n iversity o f Oregon in p a r t ia l fn lf l lln ie n t o f the requirements fo r the degree o f Master o f Science ' S O fi fi s ' \ APPROVED: ? L - i.a«»»»«. ■ «mB ‘ r< W n « t= ^ j TABLE OF GCHTEK'TS IliTR0DUO T.IO.H •*. 4 > + 4 * 4 4 4 4 4 4 l> ■*. #• % 4 •*■ 4 :*. s, ♦ ■*■ ■••; Chaptor . .... ....;.... .-• ■ ■ ■ ■ ■■' ■■■ ■ ' I , fiM MM0AT3 SIS'iSMt . ., *. 4- '■* ■*■ 4 4 4 * > *• * * '*■ ■*■ A.*. .Ita Grigia*. 4- 4 4■ *■ * * *• ■♦• * * *■ • *\ ]i- ':*'■ *" * : .2..f. Evolution, . . . . . . . . . '" -.. ........... pÌ:_ . . .. ... '. , ■ •• '■• ■ B* Tha Prim ìplaà of th© Maadatòry Ragia© f • 4 4 4 •' 1» Tha Govonant ...•' . ■ . . 2r The: .f^ièii©:. f bartóp'à' ..- . ' . . . ; 1 . % Tha Supe rviaiQn o i thè Mandatory Àdininiatration: ’ by tho Leagua ofSatiópef; -.s-Si 4 ■»; •'-..■*> ''l . Saturo and Pxtont of thè SuperVision .,­ 2.4 Power3, Dutiòs t and Procedure of th© Organa of thè laeague . .■■., 5è, Rolo and work of tho, Parmanent î andatéo Vomissi on • a. Seurces of Information and I-lear.3 òf . *■ . Suporviòion . , ’ . . b* Methoda and Adibì©, vernante ' p# Loagu© Inuotivxty* « • * *■ ?.'■■*. *■ *, *, 4 4 4 **■lI I l %$$ T 3 TRUUIBESHIP SiSTSI-V « . * ,*• * ì #.# 4 * é *' ' A, Wartiao Oonferencoo ». ♦ ■#; », * $ 4, 4 4 4 «■ ì B:,. The San, Francisco Confefoneó * 4 ■*. * w: * . I.*.. Fiv© power Méetinga and Conferonc© Techrii- cal Gommitte© Meetingo a^ I^pri Trusteeship lasuoa Qobated &«. Proviaiòira^in.'tie United Hations 0>Ar^rk %'«§ f. I* Ghepter XII • .v ,. - . . . 2.«. Gà&pter S U . .. ■ P. urafting of t^Truatooamp .Àgre * f • \ 1* 0on^t*t®j4^(T^:tees^^[;-. ■-. : '... , à* General Aaseiably Apprayal. E* Provisione of tha Trustèe3'nip Àgr©OHien.ts #■ 4 .*. 1* G©rieraI Coaeideratipàé 2* Koft-StratagiO Truataaahip Agraosantà: pp Stratogio Ti*U3tooo;hip . ' . P» l^motloas ojld Powers o f the Trusteeship Oounoili * 82 ̂1.»: General Considerations Riütôe o f Pròjiedttrèi :. |¿; F o n d a tio n : o f %bév .<^dt$Pií^Í3N^ • ■4y Annual Repórte .of ' thë Adffiìr&sterìng Authority Retitioni.-.. .■ J. .'. 6^v“/ le itlri¿ Kfs©:ipn3' - ., Ifcÿ' ïtQpoar^a ,:©e#- #éí3íâ i-lír. ¿ i B:platiôàâ:.w:i Î a ; ò^'ìéy .Organs ■&#. f^eepect o f Máiídonal. Trust Torrite r is sy y ..f **• * l l f 1* Poy®0T íkndatod "Tèrri tories " ' ' ■ , .Ri Triestino. y % , átáte'0: ' •a.* Porjaéí*, I t a l ia n Colon ies.. •.. ' b y T e rr ito r ia l' Appendage's. o f Japan, t f l * ÖoEpapiäQp,pf t t e í ^ d a t e and 1^B^Qpbi.p:. fìy b teào ^ ^ 'V t .*. 15Ö à» Dependent Areas in the- péaoe Setüeïnent* .4 *,- * • ► 13^ l|yfhô: D ra ftin g o f • ^Àé.:'Öö^e^ivt >ñnd Ohafiéiíí Aö' Relation tò the -Fááge' Seitlément '• % Th ey Pà nce S e itlen en t^ ’ ‘ , .’ .."; " ' “ •’. ■§&. fhê . i lo d s ^ ê ^ T ^ % Occupation a rà / .A ^ i^ s -t fà t io ^ ° f T e rr ito r ié e . .*,. P r io r ,,tô' tb e i# : ' - • ReaeOné fö r B ö ta tiin the.- Sÿ-pteas Ry 3côpe of, iba Sysbeèe* y «y», « # .*■ S: ¿. y * y *-. *. y y. 147 , ■ $¡$ •.■' . , yi, ,... '3-4 .oa^'gô.r’ie a o f T ë t r ito f ie a to which They Apply Ç.y Approval p f f G i r i e r e and ’i^usteoship . : Agreoiaonts«. ♦ ^ ■», :¿ f j .»■ *> y 4 , 4 4 » " y «.. 15 5 ■ ö% .:0 :i^ ë l^^ ti*P >n o f . Tapfitpr-ieey ■>.* . y • y .*•. y •■$ •;. * •. l6 i % Mailâatâ? '3M#^3pä $£5 .-it..G enera l/ i3 o is^dö f^|p^ ‘ ’ '■ *" ‘ • ' ‘ t . . ^ M i l i t a r y P rovisions ■ ' %; 'Éóoñcóiiú.., Provi aloné: • . ■ , ■ ' . -■ . . %■ provisions; ■ . . . ",- , '. '■. % j ¡ V •. ' ., b# P o l it ic a l iap lio ä tip n e A rie in g put o f the; ,; Mandate Charters' ; % Powers p f Tbgialation,., A. “íy « g « tGOS íiip . Oounoil .; > '4 /*' '■#. ->.■ »: *1 i 4 .* .i1 i » i .*■ . y i; i I 9Ö • N r 1 1 'il i ir i mi i miT r f u n n i i l li i f i i G1* Powofa and Fúnótions o.f tho Oossaissloh and Qö\äu>11. < . . . ,. eu Voting : tyg í3iyitfe>^ Of ?*;i.ì?uios óf Frocé.dür© - ffcjfc 80 a atona- ; ' ,. à*,-. Spoliât Sôèaions ■ . ■ of. ;0eŝ to®fc0' fftgt & ï̂ièsjë - . %-,R©pôftë ’ M'à$iàâêteïM$- , pOf tâ , b.̂ Reports' óf. tfcô; Qo^l&slon ânà the frdôté:ô* ,. ^otttdlì ’ V '. », VAait© ’ 9è AádiÍÍ.oñiiÍ ïîaàns oÉ Öbtaihing.l^ > ■ „ . ' fte ■; ■* - ; ^ bf; The Annual. Report of . tW;Saöf^ta^ '^ ^ n©fdi jt% ft® \ipi^títion.-ófj^|;ii^:.'».. ■ ,. . H» Rèlntioirâ :$lth other..0?gOnôû>:*, ¡>¡; 4 ,»■ ^ *' * *•. •# # 1* ftìèr .Ovation öf Sovereignty and "International Latí* $ J|. and. féodifieátien, of apándate and o.f a-. . îî*XAfìtdO 0 filp* fil -:k V :V‘ ;*. *i J. -1»' :# ~ fi fi V») * • V-. -4 'f’. 4-.'4 % ' of Ä<^Wfcabiltty* •*•.#.•#:.*;_.#•.•,< * fi. •*, * |% Sujmpary ©ad öoncluäiohs $ *• • •*• .,.• -*?• V: * *..•*• »' » •• 4*. * * BlâtÎOCîRdRî k. -fi, 4; 4 « ;j -« ». fi- •'. '"¡ï 4. «: 4" 4 4; •#* ■»• '*; fi. ■«:■ 4' *. APPilIlRîl Ai* , 4. 4. ’»> ;*■ .4 4 4 4 #- 4 4: 4 4;' .4 .4 4î ,4 ..#v, 4 '. 4 4 4 4 . Artio.Îe>-2£ of the öovenant and •/ •’ ^notitu^ûà ;o'£. the.^fÂBêût.gph&M&è ^í^ídatón AFJ®hBi|k'S®. ‘4.4. |ii. 4 .-:$•: .ijf. 4 fit,fi; -fi ,'fi ,f fii jfe ,# %'• S» :%'• ;Àf.’ ail. .rkS; $ 4;-:|4 SR Mtoîdatsi; Qhàïrtàf; >föf. SofBain, .Ba®ba i^indàt© ' iGgáiáail . felpate.: -Sbàttei' io!» ' ■ï'-iC: ■:! :#i .¡tí' 'i»!--4 ■*> fi k &■■ #•■*•'? -4. ;% fi,'fi fi' fi : fi fi fi fi Oiïspte^-^IÏ ?hö : întOrnatî'O&hl Truateieship $ ât̂ fei . Ö.hâ ta*' XXÍI fh.o ^ ^ «s ïl. ,...' ; . "';■ .; • .• 1 1 Mia.çeïi áneous Ar-tiólô a; 0 ^ . tì̂ O •' 3Ï5Î. D i f i ;>f f i f i f i f i f i f i f i " f i . f i f i f i - ' f i . : f i f i f i f i ■•:$■■.'$& f i , f i - f i ) f i - ’f i . fifi fi- Öompoaitip». and Suailficatiohs of tho 'OòìEEiiaàiop - . ' ; ■ ■ • ■ ^(?B®>o©ìti©ft and QuBÌifÌ.eatÌon :0 o f tho fruoteoahip CotaBoil APFSSDIX E . . . . . * f $. * ■* * 4U Diotxiliution of îikndatos ' ;,,? p i T R p D U 0 T I . O N x , ; , .fhé o£ ;$hto $,s.,to ôocqjôfe. Léague o£ ,.1̂ -fcitoïig;̂ ̂ iLIt̂ .. o f . thé United Nations* Air é i^ lÿ é ié . î s mad^ o f th é tw » , eyétap? to thé f i r é t . two chaptere o f thé , ”fefeiâigfâ̂ &̂ iCfcg»:oife49!.jdt.. tp ,çd^Ph?thPh!B;».- éhd ohaphét, toé fité : .......... ■ Juat-.ae ;fcéi^,a^çééBSor to and b f « e f i i s from th© ,^ÿlé;:df;.:thd 'IféQgiaté, \pf, Nettohé*;. thé. tn iateesh ip eyateis .©uOcOédé té- thé -̂ïaà̂ ïiV.. IHaJélCc. <|-C,..Î î?̂, - > That the truâteéBhtp; éyétem le . thé; bep©? ,éf, thé. é^ériém rë ' .Of, th é mandaté, eyeteffl t e . ;reàd&% apé; ' .ftéfgBt.rlli-., th to inétsnée^ toider the aandate Byoteta.» the Per«* raéppïit Mandates QomieàfLon e ta fted or no inétructionB ae to . t té in a f©w years , .it had f o r ^ l a t é d , an. impréssive $$£$,.é # ptofhihéé éheh, .h é .r lé r^ la t in à qu6 B tip r^ îra s> ré-*- Oétotog. p é titto én and th© drauing, u p o f rn lea t # govern th é lrv handling» .©hd;./ a^fan^ihS',1.%?'. thé,.î^preBentatiy.eo. o t th© »andetory,,powero to. hé pré* éént . ht the ex ^ in a tion .o f* reporté and, pétition©».:.. Slnço ajé;et of th la ■ , worfc w&s. e ^ e ç t iy é » :. :a- I s ig e part, o f .thés©- paractiçéa w©r© incorporated ’ in thé tfiiétéé^hlp. PtéviB ions o fth © 0nitèd iNatfo.m-- Charter., . . Truataéphîp le not a .new conéept», Bpth John Lôcks and Edinunâ Burke p la iiïijr 'held to th ie idée to ih é ir dtoé.ùéaîon o f the to lé tlon sh lp s between. th e ' m other. country* Great B r i t a in , . and tier' co lon ies , ' The paring , i f • ftipiep ^ r.® ap p lied , te some. extent, during the la t t e r part- -■$£' the. ;nine*' . ieenth century, and, were employed extensive ly in the League o f Nations ■«apdate^ system* AS a matter o f fa c t , aandatee and truateseh ipe are* . with Some exceptions, the seme, . This new system Was tended U system. o f . tiruat#eehip .partly to-, diTfS£e»tia-tp between the two* but the trusteeeh ip system wee a ls o intended, to, be .an; ia^roveffient o ter the former*. ;Never* '.thelelief-, they'.haye. in common the fa d t that they are both Attempts at V . ' . ' . y . , .................................................. ■ .. eipn*,.,of ;-eueŝ B.;..-̂ 3Ei.. in te re sts o f the inhabitants .and. the world at la rg e rather than in the in tereet and. trusteesh ip s , because the problems Are re * lated> i t i ? d e s iiS ab le to diBOuss b r ie f ly the co lo n ia l adm inistration . •Of 'A l l n o n -se lf» govern ing t S ^ i t s r i e s * . .... 2 See Vernon McKay, "Empires in Transition»B(r i t i s h , Prenoh, arid Butch C o lo n ia l:P iahA*n Foreign P o licy Reports, X II (May 1, pp. .For the f ig u re s on the population o f the t ru s t territoriQ B ., ■ See Appendix E.. ’ In àontr&#b to the ì§a^ùO;*s, :% 0k ,0 ì •$£ those pGòploSi. thé f i t t e d ï$abionô: Ö hertef p.pQyidö-f;. f o r t h e t r d a te reste in ;!gjĥ p%eír..c3̂ ..-.*î , ’g&e, are beis&d to. ■%&$. »b.IoKv e ta tg s . tb& t $11 .nen**- m lf^ W ß fhiftg ta l^ it^ fd e s ; ja b b e r ônpuraîl ^ 1© .. respeçt 0 á . a e i l a l * •ady.andeöarit.*.. ..:Sj$lf ; g fóé ipnent, 0 0 p $ ? e « » r t& .trahé&tt. ^ © r ® t a ^ % ^ ^ r a l ,o^.}tbe Dnited" í t í ^ ; ^ é ^ y i ? t é K ^ é : | ^ ; ,11̂#!^̂ t*̂ p̂ .,' :f e d t ,:,:. ; t bo' . pr ^|s i ' c|i l e i foütei 4 ^ $ $ 5 ^ ■ ‘th©.;- t^ôs^ôeébïÿ- ̂ $tei&£.. i# a,/sharp. /«L̂ ĝÿi. - W& aád x ij i tó. ; ;î ^^tr©ñí».., :f ó f ;;tHe. ^ d ó r % in g $ tá l^ í0 ¿ tí$ ; n t the^trhsteeefeip- ̂ s t è f t -were not intended io, há>:‘li$befldé<£ to " '■"v" ' v ‘" A'■■'* ' " " " ~ "... > 7 .•*• : ' ■ ' ■ ’ " " " ' ‘ " T V . “ • ';" v :'’"' ' ""' ' "' , i, é . pï%%è: tfaot|Oöbtp ; ana eu^ate .^atnaere,- so^ettoeg/./regd*’̂ ^ ' ft®- the ro.ad to; |0á^tf|y|^s^:í.,4^48. çert&iniÿ not the onïÿ r.$à4»..' foi; other .atea®- ; '%e^;èhs^<^;iSl^ ^|*^&.'''5Ciïî o# the United .Rationa <3barter>; Appendix $* .: not m d e* a$th$*: ip|y*©î ©i8- thdlie the C harter .has b so n s ign ed and.Ihddne.aih, and -. ........... ' ' . .... . '■■"■%'" ......... ' '" It , . .. Ffench $ndp China* ;$re-; in o f r e c e iv in g : g rea te r , sutChpKyr, ■. -V̂ b̂ been eteadily: decreasing . f ? the century i&efh 'the, ,g£eaV coioni& l ■ jp- j j&i fe■ . • - a p e ^ ; U t - . , . " . ' ,\ 1 :; ,.p- l̂b̂ eadas: o f the.: t«iateaohiij';' . eyat®a;. i^gGepoful;^- ■M iredr: th is e t u d y w i i i ardcefop a,: c le a r e r . tmdpiPH$anding;:of-; pppgre&e ■. pp t^ej. iagj£:..0i>; p a^gi^fp-.tpwajfd, th e ir eo lntloru . Throughout the fo llo w in g an a ly s is and comparisons, dud gonp^af%tiion; mast he paid to the fa c t that the trusteeShip system ia only a pa rt o f . the.Cnited. fe t ign e ii |ustv-ed‘i h e ^ n d d i s -igj&ttiGi-' -wee'- a part, p f, th e ’¿segue», overa ll. p o lih y :i ' f% ii* ' urehy.and:.^:dgedeee: :hC: the.; largSry o rg e p i^ t ig p i ';... . .... , fhp. time study..which !:ie beesii •■ . p p l i ie p i i^ wps ;ih, ex|.steng.e’fo r approx«* im ately , twenty. ,ye&pp.;:wi.th' ¿ne whiph, hap been r in pporetion fo r dees than ■ : t ^ ^ sy^a#aa|i. j j^ 'r e fp rp . it ' phenldLfed. .pointed, opt that .in. ;e few instances .primary: e O u r c e -^ h e p ^ ap. Gni.ted jStatss government document# and ̂ a v a ila b le fo r a complete an a ly s is .p f e e ^ a iA , t p u ^ Thoe the ■rsshpt; to the use d f ascend* H i ,III,« II I ! <"»" i : . . t Tronc-rdordan and la r v a l a lso have received th e ir ' independence since the Charter was signed b u t/ since they were former League o f ilations mandates they must be considered as a tta in in g th e ir independence $ a t le a s t in p a rt , from the good o f f ic e s ' o f th e mandate, #y#tm ar'. ' /• ; .GHiPTER^T. ; ':;% Bacte^atMd Underlying the mandate system are ideas which fo r a long t id e have, ..b a g n ^ ja g ^ of... id e e l ip i lc a t fta s® o a and e ^ e r t a in - h s O e s e ^ l ^ l ^ Thai 'P ' . immediate. phaapn. fo r 'tho. O ^atioh : o;f th$ system, .howevar*;.. was the heed fo r the-, s o lu t io n o f a .pressing p o lit ic a l- .problem* . The, growth, o f l i b e r a l id ea ls respecting dependent peoples during century was based p a rt ly on th e th so r in s . o f john ;L6oke .. and ;/̂C? e l l , gOverhBi:ent- a#: a- t ru s t ^t-lp;. frarke a p p lie d the; idea,. Of, r o l :atidai..w ith. her ftadrioa»'.:■ f o lpn iaa and. Ind ian ^p ire^ y ; The;,-notion. th a t .-colonial...gp v|^s^n t should ba,pofMteidted for;,, the., b fh p fit ; -of the- g e ^ r i ie d * ; w ith -their u ltim ata .-part -. t id ip a t la a , in-aetf£gOT haa ;remaihbd, .im plic it ■ ,"‘ "V ':;'V;...-.■-. ' ;v; V ' ’ ;r ' " in western l i b e r a l p o l i t ic a l theory* But what ex isted in theory did not ■ i^ppafapily f i d p t , . ' '■. David Thomson, "Bow In ternational i s C o lon ia l Trusteesh ip, n The ■S^lliloal ;^agterly XVIIJ (October-Seoeabar^, ' pxr jbl*- 0 :nin©heenbh: pte .Eu^eah-:i^*0. ■■■■'■ . ■ r :i . ." ■'. ■•■•-■ : ataung. out claims, t » , a i ^ . ; ^ o p :..ii of . :., $fc¥0:y and ;&: province. ..of/fur&ey .pro*. .p0#;&hl\e ¿Span was t$ esqu ire G fraan obionlee. ife the:.^^S^i& hsrth -O f-., •"' " Z '^ Z M '•^ ■ ■ > v ,v '--:- '^ v r/ ^ - '-^ -^ - •-■■■;■••-..'■'•■ "-■ the equator«. Thus, by a «e r ie e o f sec re t t re a t Is? and secret agreements 0 0 0 $ ^ - _ :i^atdent: ;'^:iadJs.:; G^00e&- ̂ i^ liey : j^Sf; 1 ^ .^ ^ .; Contf|at''to; 'of- the fampu.e Four*. t e e n ’-,.V ';;.̂ ^ .> . .-., v. .-.. j;. a frea«/epafWBinded* and absolutely impartial adjustment .¡Of .all coloniai ic3taJ&ttj}»; based upon, s’ strict obB®ftrdnedu©f ,1 ^ \ principle that in determining a ll such questions of sovereignty . the interSsto/of t.^'pOp^aHens-,conii!erne,d must have : . .’ weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title " ly to bp determined,*' ' ̂ . ■;) v . ̂̂ ^ ::̂ 0 0 t s 0 0 ^ 0 .0 ^ 0 0 ^ 0 0 ^ 0 xb 0%. forth' by {Jcnerol Smute whereby certain national governments were to be nominated •SS 0 0 t 0 ^ 0 ' 0 ^ ^ y 0 :0 & :0 ^ 0 § < . He did 0 0 . 0 ^ 0 0 ^ $ 0 0 ,& l. 0 0 0 1 M n dsd idfe^_^,-. .-.. „T ,.t ....... iT ___ _ . „ . ________ _ _____________________ _ , r r ; , W f « , *% Stanford» C a lifo rn ia ; Standford U n iversity P ress , 194?)a p , 73 0 «, M..§0&. 0 ■BeOfcCft.'A S g ffli^ ^ tjp3i2l. • 4 $ ittî,® i^tîoiîaï ' sdain îëtf ation fo r ô^ë^i^îïfeô; ¡hâd <îeiiraàaira.tëâ :th% fteilùréK- - " , ; : ;.;; %' ' ' . ' ........................................................................................ s? Öttöh ft '¿Sé̂tóéî àÈ- ''■■■■'■ &rë- _thé;‘ # ; the f|^£|$;' :0 0 $ ,;#f!-film ai >'i|;ôqn'|s; iôéè/o.f :©• çç^xpai^è- w&ê- hi£%u0n0;ârp^-&i^t^i S&ù'-tìè'fp- vt&iiô on • .V:v._ , ; . . , .;, u ..-, ';.....,j.l^iô^l..>|ïawtB pro^|if|E;Jé^ïÿ; - , Jpêiâilp̂a*;. ̂ f̂eo;: that .ònitìi** prôeôïÉt,latenti©«.- h£,,î®^§,$éf*, '&..thatv'S'erfôait ij^ th e f^ ,-A fric a ''’ .. #$4 ;^isf '' |>; ^ . _ te^i^^e|,,.;ap ;pendegeh ©f. ©«h . in » ,.ÎÔ|ii#i£ fôikîôh;,.^^ ='̂ (P<ÈÎ?: fcy giving thô fceagaéJooffiplêt© #©wôr. ©£ ■ th ié ^ ^ ë p t ie h .p ia g lie li, W 0 *2 ï 'Mander, oo» p* 72Ò* 2 Thoms© Parker Hdoji,- Itmaerlailsm and World Po litico "(Kew York« Thé; MaöSaiiTaö. SdSpsny». "■ v '... . " ' , . , 5 ßay Starmsrd Baker* tëoedrorr Wiloon and World Settlement Vol« ^ (Garden City» Now, York? Doubledajr, Page&' Spapany» Ip22y » pp> 108-110 & $%$&■■■ ' '-.f / ; V;." “" ■ ; ' ’ ' "■ J' ó f th# ambi ' vPrOeiàani • Sil;$'oi ’̂:s''ÿi^t^.?y- in 'î>yïnçî|i.ti0' v/&s, ln part tendone ' bythe; ^llie-ö ;fh©ii ^t :q;a®ö: tô;. the . tont öhaßge in tĥ î:. ̂ ileo^/yíisft:' «iiif .í̂ é!' ' ,̂ • .- .' 1* ih.ià: îi|tk .ti^: Jî |éiï;.,:3# 0 0 $ ^ * , • . î âtièÂiîïr í#&é&^* íÉüC ¿ ^ , . í^eof îrf ‘̂ ■ ïh iô provided, nndefYthê ’f o r . .£í§$^;%; -fileon %é$^i0$g§: o f h$á ; dd$d: e tna . mdídefr W ,.,- v. ’ ,i^:„'f3 *b̂ ;.,,-jl?F̂ fej H;, .̂ i®,:.|ií!Ü0íf., 1^ÿèii^f‘$,. , ̂ h ee ■ Oènfëï^;. enee a t i t® P lenary Seaoiorr on A p r il 28* 1919* fanas?. P a rt I o f the • . f r o a ^ 'a f . .ifte previoiono f o r 'fife# æsuaâ%&k óón**- " \ \ ...../?’";v:’!-;’ ?V "' . ' ■■■̂ ■'■ ■' "'■ -'■" ■"' tadned in A rt ic le 22 ,OfJ the Covenant. . ̂ r e - ^ a p t ..;^|^-,lnv ̂ th epâsëO and: by t h© âilpOd. and ..A^i^|eitod' Powers*:- ' 't h à p ra â iy o f , ; i h , •1 jfe - : t e r , ', , ! • (. • . .Y ; i( • * • .. ,‘. * ...................• • f ‘ ' - :&. tém : ^ é f e Ohay* I » n*;r i * . p » 9* v .;w.,.. . pp.%. 7 d> Ö*. fa v o r o f the p r in c ip a l A l l ie d arid Associated Powers: a l i .her r igh ta and tit le s over . bi&ewisa* the Treaty o:f .^Uf©aji^ -of Ju ly ¿4, 1$2|;* .Required’ fu.rkey a l l r igh ts and t i t l e whatsoever over o r respecting the t e r r i t o r ie s situated outside the fro n t ie rs la id down in the present Treaty- and the is lan d s other than those over which her sovereignty i s recognised by the said ' t re a ty » the fu tu re o f these t e r r i t o r ie s and .islands', being se tt led by the p a rt ie s .. . ®,h#i. . . C < > W a s > le ft ,;ax3big**' .uo.us*. ih § s ,fa d # i t , p0 0 $$$] f o r ^ detet^ihs: the i ^ d a ^ g y . ppWOPdi,.. t l ^ v . c o n t r a r y to both ^iis/smt© and S&fctste d ^ f t . o f the $oyOha»fi ,tii.. iab.le;. ^d idhtO O the dodleiiOnfl^ 'ma,do by the Supreiae OOuncil. as to- the: o f the ffiandets.s;* iwjyMT.» On i&y 7i }919, the Supreme Council raade the following, allocationst ......... . Htfcndat'6rie6:. ............. ., Southweet A fr ic a , /itoipn o f South Afridh,' Western, Sarâ a-r New Zealand Nauru . ...' , . B rit ish - itopire .Mandate . New Guinea A u stra lian Mandate North P a c if ic in lands.1 2 Japanese Mandate 1 See A r t ic le l i p o f the Treaty o f V e r s a i l le s » Department o f State Pub lication No* 2724* The Treaty o f V e r s a i l le s and A fter^Am otations o f the, .'iexfe.,of. :l94y>.gp;i. &&&!$>:*■ ' 2 See A r t ic le 16 o f the Treaty o f iausaane* T re a t ie s ,ofrPeace 19ift* 1?23, Vol* I I (New Zerkt O am agie Endowment fo r International, Peace* 1^24^ p6d;*>. : '' ■’ ' '' . . J?B” Rondatea ....... ÆlajBJa^rleii::. Garaéiéôn, (BT*,) . Ääföiia* bjr. o f .Nigeria. . Togoiand (B r , ) ■ ; A ^ in ^ b ÿ 0öVt *i ö f the 0ö|d Spasi Cameroon. • A ï^cneti Héâiâatô Togöland (Fr*) French Mondate ïangàîîyite. British Mandats .. . .. 8sAsi&n ì^ d a -t e _ . Thé ganser, m m ^ k % %M: purstem©. $$$$&£ à t ■ '.:■ ,*,.r,~;.,, • w & s M ü m h ■'■.'$F**fr. ' ' ^ 7 V;‘' ; P a le stih # B r it ish Mandate ' ’ , ... J m - ■'■ B r it is h Mandate;' -, W W ' à S E W É m i - Ä m - :m *$&■ . ■** hy % ## the 3yj>reaé Ooünöii - ét %m Ben* ÖB April 25*. 'If2% Beeaus ö q£ thè rather1 .sanerai sròv'iaìena of the Soves&nt raBBéetMs máriAn+jin iv »á # SSt érfe-'ÉÉI. éleár lust »hat the ffl&ndate eyétém did saeán* ■P.r: W é,ih - te; t ^ .imnaaté territerr . &$*■, re sF c^é itiiìt^ th©:,$ m m *,*$:.̂ i c | 0.;2a:.Qi the j?er#i ihdéf5#itPs. : :T h iâ ;.^ î^ in ty . M - '$»■ ;F # tp á l* :sy ,;t» J ? e ^ m M ^ at san äetast^v.spai^^ «n mgoM p, ■ $£f%; then it, a. re port _ p m . # •Bsigip: *#* . the followed; in ¡$r$^ihg and approving ¿ate ^ - ^ 0 m t**a .?r - < ’•» v v , v . » - • • - - • ' i r t id te . ;:2| o f -the- Covenant ¿©stained ndne;/porag^pt)te j e t t in g forth • in... g.e.. n, e.r a l ._,-t er;m..,:s .t..h. e fundamental p r ln ^ ipVle e\ o f the mandVa "t■e•' e y b /t i .s. . • •/ • together with:: the methods and eafbgua^e^ .designed to. insiare th e ir a p p li* - ' r ' j - ’ ■ v '&atloh*v ...- . |; Moon». "deceit[M* p. 21» The Ootmcii docIdee to request the Principal Powers to be so good aa to (a ) mae the Power,© to, whoa they decide to allocate the Mon* . dotes provided for in Article 22; (This had previously been done ao evidenced, by table number one) (b), to info?# it as to the -frontiers of the territories to- c m under those mandates; (c ) to communicate to it the terms and the conditions of the sanitates that they propose should be Adapted by the Council frpm following the prescriptions of Article 22» 24 The council w ill take cognisance- of the, mandatory powers appointed and w ill examine the draft mandate ©ewounieated; to- it* in order to, as** certain that they confem to the prescriptions,of Article 22*> 5* The Council w ill notify to each power appointed that it is invested with the mandate^and w ill» pt the same time, communicate to It Idle terms and conditional ;• . - . . v ■ ■■ . - . l } . . . - . 4̂ The Council instructs the SeCretary^en©ral* following ther recoanscn* datlens set forth in this report to prepare a draft acheao for the organ! aation of the Coimisaion of Cpnt'TO.Lprovided'.for by,Article 22, paragraph 9» See Reasons lb 11 ities of the League Arising out of Article 22« Assembly •tfe'd* Roi-:. Mfcfr'drdfeal- A» d* 18̂ ■ > .-..■3s-.'ao#>. - . 5 See Ajtpendix A for $h -22' of the- Cbvenint (Hereafter refugee 4?d .to as. A.rtd m M the «ÖTÖ, . ' _ ’ : • \* ’ <, t e he found jÇi th e f l i f t ; t po t : the 'artioie.fc, . A i l the raendjSte*..wéy®. . O ö h $ # t , s i t a t o n e * ... . ,fbeva b 2 e ^ , e f ; ; ^ m m m * O f th e ¡ t a h o * ^ ^ ae, a .^eaorOd hnuet p f : , . . ^ t h O C ^ . j ^ p o n O i e ^ the ê̂ ÔoBgftîÈ-, Thia «O.tloh ,o f f e ;̂ sfe&rppwOd:f*o a ,, :|h % ‘ , the .ph5?aae.;V e ° f i<3 . .not, a tended . t ö t e eppíÍod lh*T the, poopfeo .vafe*. :'tutolaÊé;MO?Ot papable o f rtftnCTtr'̂ n , .• >7 v : “ . • . • • • ^ • ; ‘. j . . . , - ,.-; • ' - ; - • / , ,i . \ - * y - , v - . .. :fhehe; prinoip lpo .oovènéf.  w ^ t e a i . h t i t fe©fe .application, v a r ied ' , .: fe fe fe f fe fe fe n ^Q O p lO O .n ot,.;^ ;fe.fe t p afead hy .th©â:aelve8fl Ituationo 1^1 gaôgMphle* - d N S ^ P ê a ^ i a e ?. %. 4 -Of . A t ip le * . w 4 *w fepfedfep. op the. otage. #*,%©;■ O l^ l^ e i ló h p f fe p ip peoplef " ' 1 • ■ St adopting, the lím am iipif.ir.MglJii ■-.jC;!;ÍM,;V¡ói,i;;Hft̂ ; ¡gHyWlK'Sr.rf ■ ‘ ■ ’ Jéfofa'.'òhi'Bfeepsfep o f 'thè %è '^Qtora^ ITO ■^enma^eoeabey». : j j t PO:»1 ’“' ‘ . - ' a a • © 1 tta> 0®Wiicl3.':; ö i . th© I Qn 1N^&©£\.^ .'1, sp|ipQve& %He ;b,ut 3$. ;# # , i 92§y.w^rö th& ''i f iŝl? Passati n © . pctd. P iä .a£ö©p$-- ■ i ' '■ ’ /;". . .■ '■“ ' 2 ■' ' ' ' ' .............. ■0t^ , wäö issaed ffapjl W$$p.. .,,„ . . . . . . \ . ..... Tho ques.lioss Q0:fiös.r2lirig. .^^6^|g||ßÄ: jg|§;*:f^: weit isEäjassr • pr jpg-, wim /.spR, 9^m- .iPffij5ljp.lL *»*€» Q.5L,*\ • ̂ Ẑifwrvy-p̂ pjf,; ̂ v̂fc. . vf*v. yt&iy©** . StatöB: ';t§: ;.Op 20.1fv ,^ 20|._ .a© .©np. ©I1'. !t^^:.^i^edvagnd' Ä©gö©iQ.töd $$©$,. over. Ö ll ;i|it̂ ö'EitB: il,©;!. .$#.- •aöniĵ ^©^^©©:» ■;.;&?%, ÄöpGptfe :mpmmm*W «p« ppse, wmŝ m , $ • •.* '-•*-. . ' • ’ '''S r< . •■ ':. . .vv ■; •'■•■ '.' > : ;\ •.' ;'.i- '•■■■'•'i ‘ ’: ;• *•'• ‘ ,'*.'• ■-• i; r üTv»..-'. — y . ;••••• -_• ! . ‘ . ’■ ' •* »'■;>.' • -’ ••• ■ ' 1 ” •■•;• ©;,/>iia:rtiör: .;f o * ;fcfri» _:ap©c|fi©> ^©rrltory-jS. ths»© ; sgsgê ffeijij,. ;clÄUB©a; :©c®rno]a .tp.; tv24 papdaMsfe'.; phe papäai&r^ was. . t . Ü Ä - . S&jä* »'• »t», #$*■,• . ?:..§£« ipgPaa: ehap* Iv'm^ * » f *£*«* -W*. elfc^ . j$*. -$&$$( tp ¿aaice. so* araTn&i, rep o rt .p i^ e ^ p tp j^ r to the Qmnci%i ■fu$| oathe . m^-puree tafeoft tp p a r iy oat ■ the -p$m V'i&loiie o f ^ ^ e M : t:ha*t . if/:any :||0put^/ ofeOuM e&»|a© between League' w ith regard.’ t b i f ftoit by; bpi .pabiai.ttp|:̂ -%p.. thp/'f̂ rmahent: Spurt' ¡Of intefiiatianeiii Mastic©,*., ib e osaeont- o f the; Gouacil wpa, reppirei-. f o r any • '••■: / ■ ■ . ' ': ; - •:'■ i - ' " . : . . / ' ■ " :-' " , ; ■ ~ " - ^ J ̂ " v .........■ " ■ ._... $he.3gi§$i!j$j^ to the. e&tegpriep., ■%£;■* ^B*:0 and tp; .... . .. ... fhe. .P ff / i p p a i a l © ; $ i p f $ i ’$ d ^ | a :p . i n - . .... f^s^r a^Aed. IL t^ lebo .. |;ha p?<#leionB: o f M t ip iO '; S2 -pf tt»g: «ne.':##fc^tped; .$&.. apply .|tb. own iG ^ b io t io n . ipiafe.''̂ fes0._ _ ;̂ q:- _. ;d̂(«iai_; '-̂ ĵ Ŝ:. ̂ _;̂ ŝ̂ ea0î i6̂ a®̂e©:# ?$* sad' n o ra l wGl|*bnihg.' and. ik e -sp o ia i,p rogreso o f the promoted.' Ihp-pandat^^ wap tp ^ s^ ^ that the alawp trad© wa© aM .th a t,n o .fe rp © ^ ,.la bo r .;#©$■ penattbed except fo r es**- e e a t ia l pub lic worip pad oeryioe© and then.-only. f o r adequate . pernum© ration«; 1 1 See mandate charters for* Soacs;, British fogolahd, and Syria and ■Lebanon, Appendix. B>, X'Sp̂ o® prohibits the indue ion of the other mandate charters so one r©ppeaentattvr charter from each of the three catogorieo iB included. Thp.text for a ll Mandat©,Charters may be found in the O ffi­ cial Journal of the League of Hations for January - February, 1921, fo# the "0” mandatop and, August, 1922,'fo r the aAn_ end, flBn mandates.) See Articles- 6 &- & 7 of the Mandate for Samaai. Articles |<3 w'|4 p f the, Man-̂ date for British Tcgoland, and Articles $!>■ 18$ d> 2& $ ? % $ & ' $ $ ? ■ Syria ' '¿rid' ■Lehshonp \ . ' • '.\v ' ■- fb© aad .Âîaaunl̂ lpii, JJ? t© b©s g ô f | t m d . t b ô Of J>^h|b*1£d*, . fb^àJtÉ ^# ypf&.-te &© ;ÿ Π: ■$$£. fOJ #©r ©f î tôJFÛftl . :|fe©, repe'i: attack in the ey©n£ : ';' ̂ • ' . - ' ' -v : • •■•'- ; " ; ^ : .•. " ; ; ̂ \ ”/- of a general war* This caused much discussion for it violated paragraph - $ } ■ ' ..tj^Oovsnant^, ., . _ .The the ■£%$$■.. pti ^ i t i e k and i^eheh . Togo lend, British and French G&aecoons» and Kuenda-Brundi* to include • . • / ’ . v r . : ■ ■ . , the '^3̂:.̂ .î tp̂ oasa or iahion with . the ‘ /However ̂the mease;ree,:;edeFl^d 'not to ia%* fringe on economic equality;* In these oaaeaf the reason that the nBn territories colonies: was 'thfet, td; much ;ierger ;o#onieO Of ths:. mandutdxiss*' ihe stho*': :"ft?.:'el.aas' serf g§̂ £?js?3.' sW-4* . , 4 '|; S f fo r I^ O is h d e ^ 1 5 o f the Mandate fo r Samoa> Appendix B* ■2 te e A rt ic le 3 o f the, LeaSik -o f ,l?dfciOspJ^^OH^andhta, fo r: the , Qaaeroona, League toe* No. 0 « 4 ^ ? ( i ) e n . 54^(e)fr 1922» ' 4 t ia rga lith » oos-c it»« p* 99* M argalith fa i le d to include the’ French isandates •f-1-}*ahic& included the • thè %|ejv - . In .the; ”B:-*;̂ 9iùa t̂j$fi; tho «ónletèry.. nP-e .:̂ 0 $ ^ < Ì. $9- Été^gèy4§..ali :W§p* ̂ aiti^0:,jaé:M^:.fcpigtìà;'.èf - ’$^i@ iiè;, th© saia® f ig h t é nè.'.idare. è à | ^ è 4 : i k thè 'tèrM to.ry bjf h ie ;wm - ... . . . ^ . ... ........... ■ : ,-. , ■• '., , r.. • --, ■ .,' ; -.- '■■■•;■■■ ' " . . .. , .¿V/..-.L .:. ;.. .,. ■.-; >. :, / ■^|r;;^ ì^ «d$j^tì|wte^ ^ a a n fc e a o f ".thè te r r ìto t y were granted without diótinctiona.. o f n a tio n a ìtty » and cornee- . ; "• ••••;•- - -'-•>• .• -^r;,.,..^. '■- ■■*'" v “' - 2 ■ . g^era^é^f, f ? .SL^ t̂;th#._ ^ s é ^ ^ ^ r à . :0sr£R^il stage, o f deve lom en ti IFfcusretfère» thè. iaa&dato.fy uas expected to {»remote' . ' ihó ,;V;. .,./■.. .■ „/;... . .. ., : ;i . f̂fj|;: . _ 5 i l f T o ^ o ^ ;,;^etijèr.; : ’ ”■' '"' >Hi ’: " ’ .. . V . .V ■ t •■ ■■ v ,ì;U , y ' , " ■ : ' . ■ % ■ ,.-. ‘The eaterna i relat.iono, o f thè "A* mandateè vero eo n iro lled by thè ; ;$$$ v|É^v|pfiSpf|, .and ' 2 iMIkàMilM̂̂ Ì & 6 of A rtide 22, Appendi* Ai Sae alao Artide 2 of thè Mandate far Snaóa and Artide 6 of thè British Mandate fòr Igoland*. Appendi- , '$*>-. ,.:2; ^ e ..A^.ij^i,'^;'i^i ; App^dix%.- .Mié: benefits o f eonoülaf ‘jurisdieticin, and ^roiteotio-íji aB; foxrneriy 'enjoyed . êr,5|Æi_ -fiatateti, Iföä; / ’ :eveï j: àaeuf ë<| t(& - fö fö ii^ rä - as, *î$Ï% %#. td:- the ;n a t iv i • .- &: bempkete '■$fc#r■i•, . ’ ". '”, '■'■"'■‘■ ' " l 1 " " ' ;" " i' " - " : ■ ' ..... ■■:"'"1-" : ;■■■/■""" ’ •'•■ • '- , and a l i fórme. o f ' ^ r 0 ^ ^ ..0 ßi§oj^:_0 i ^ àfr. tenarie©, of publie .order and morale-,, were ensured, to all^,. • . ’ ‘ ■■ . - '• " V , *â ',3p?r,í^Sk'ti, P* * *-t® ^?*öeÄ, ^ -̂:- • fuel and supplies* Other, ssilltaay provision® were similar in nature*- . - candítion|& , \. _;33jÉíá@fejí>órR¿riigi. bÈéttx̂ fer̂ âsnè and $h&.':äaö t̂&i$? vraé t$o> b®ó'./thát''te dlsonìainGtion ' ! ' ;. ■— ^ - V ' v v-V- ' ■■"^ 1.......... , ". ' ' .......' ■ ■ . ,- ■ "$ esiètèd - :a|^®öt bh$ ; national ■jafĵ jbâS'l?-, Of the J*eag^£|f ifeti.ona*, ©^?îfPd®$®. 1 ^ . ¡̂çS-- tî% $f£éàfe.t h a t :®andst®ry ^aa-b®. frag©; -öfl; organic) 1 See A rt ic le® 5 & 6 o f the M’andate fo r S y r ia and liebanon» Appendix B«, 2 <$%$ %■ W k:'fa ‘̂ 2 o f the A n d a to ' fo r: :̂ r f e . an t -iétnñbnt ''■ â p p è n li# -li^y - , r v •' ?, ‘ ' '* ' 5vS®b i r t è é i # s - iH bf for - aësôpvnt th® flgfrt:®, J3jp$; tófihe® :d;f M l g$j| ̂ - was i^ :;îëÉiMÆst0 '̂ laEê -0#- in«- ■' - ; ;': 1 " ‘ ' ;" v " ' " “ ' '■" ‘ :; ' '■:' ..... ; " ' -'V ......... döp̂ riäönt̂ a'Î Hböö̂ ... , ...... . . .,,. :r ^ © s ? ^ ; _ <0àü thp, *!&** aná M&? à̂hè- ¡am-toísií-, Tbs f̂làrlóiia. girìpdM$tfK wáfá $$f; liM ftÿ; àf,.'egr&öleiißm fig®#® óí "" ■ ■ ; -_■■■■■-■ v;"'-''-'r "'■•"■' - -■•;• -■"• •; '';'"Ï77^ ^ \ T Y ^ ’ ¥ , bÿ tfe® fö#-, "é0¿0kjé¡&0:! r̂0fâi€s|â p £ .' .,;W$&.. âsbt.àf état* .. ^è-^r©^|ô;^eia:3 ®s#^ïi®iffi|0nt . . &-?,,& ^$ìsà®$; ;$ë®j|f|pà tp; bë: . . $i* x t | $ . , ' i ® t p . :caîï»_ /öix&iatioö- %&é k ä s ;of- tVie :A^b:®  à SeaßfisM üfee- ia&JÔyi#ÿ p-f ths pppw*; : " ' $ ' ■ ■ ■ ' " :. ’ " ’ ■ ' w ;' ‘........ " " ï - . ; '" ■ " : ' 'V: . " |a#iQÉ ;̂.. ; :. , ̂ , ( ...... ...;. • . v ,; . '̂ tìpt; 'jj$é0¡¡s&, :of ;® .pSoMpïf®# 4t> the t'isiö f t : #̂ .^f% Sp& ||p|íé¿á¿íi;i|fr ^ :fv % "te $- ll-p £ tfes :Ma3â�-î%>:f ^0&¡. ^|Éîà|0ï.,lÿ*''. , ^ v . . v „ . . „ ; . ^ . , :.';fi v „ . ; : ; . . . r f:,„. V.J v ' z ^ , , . ; ;.. ,. ..,. / $9%ï,»; .fefi; %*■ m * 5&»540a ■ llaftâafe ;̂ ' :Iii; . this ■ -ç&ûë-. %hp, pm '̂ïiâ óf _0á tte. :x3.öiwfetô i&m: f^ í$2 í>® . É 8 P & M ;ÍQgi.oiat|^ni íai^^áfe %p: fhooe 26pgßgß0.:-k$; Mffä*y ,/ diirfd gf, js^-r.& ß0pof;M mtß&, . | £ É t^ # j l f p l R a tio n pç ,Af: a result,, i»*̂ , 'tí̂ fcjĝ Q̂ f̂ ÌRfà:tì[fr«̂ û.:feÿ̂ the :#eqU(3nt ,. ' ' ' "’'' '' "’ "'[I ' .. " ' r ' . wfethin./the £p^t?ÿ,*,y. ÍSjist. 'ìm , $eö;ö'Hf&«-6 with itf|ijÈÉ|t;f. *$£ the , $d^jSÉè. the ï3# t̂Q3T3r i p j . $$; .^•ô.îH’la'té the ■0$0ßb&%¥&: '■&00pp-«- SîiËffït/ôf ■̂ ■̂3̂iî\:43iiid|:.. otat^à^ _. J$; iiiiiiQnt;. qf . . tiisiâ1- #- si;n_gl;e and; iaäepen^ üont. #tà$g on Kay. ;ëj* |S>2 X See Article 1 of thé Leasroù of Nations. tlandat-e .for Palestino and ■ £ $rj fefe. - tfg% fiip % /' ■ ' ; ' whi§h »a fe .. sim ilar- to .the tn n ^ if ie d . i ^ d a t e The:aidi^que^; \iii,dQi*take:n b s p e e n i t a i n . , d h d $$$¿1 /ijr̂ Sttd&d ^ve ra l pe*ti#onb ....Ho- gov̂ rtraNsni.,O -f^eiai..of eth©*' than '|î |- .&tic^fenm- .of #f$gip , The;Mp&, $ f :f law.to-, bp, ppt into;. £©rdf, .. Jl*vWP. t6 Spppafct . : ̂ $p, ipp f i n ^ i c l and fieo©! pplpy*. ,.Ip4 ;p||p;haa; in iopdpn and:&i|. oppr place© agreed upon by Iraq andrthe British government. The ©laneee on judicial in.pp,j|rpat|pp; ^e:setab,|ed,̂ ©e©|Ly: tppe^ in.the,%:B ;Bandat08..i!©*. , Syria a p ,| p e it in ^ .; onthp.activpiep,pt;miasio^riaa: and on J?: . Hk«cHwai3to m ipop. ., . , ;|2̂ » the pagwa^ of'.Hatlono' . p r t h by tha^ 0punoil^ d ea lin g :# p , h e f :. p b l i ^ i n a 0 th a tc h © m $ p?;nsat^, .... ^ 0 ^ M ; thp .pd®©© , P 38?2* . The sp d a to fy . regime ;££& 1 See Treaty of Alliance between Great Britain and Iraq with protocol, Signed respectively at Baghdad on October 22, and April JO, 1922, L&&zx>q of Natione Treaty Seriea. Vol* XXXV, \9^>» pp. 14*18^ j the, A h p i t i ^ - - |. ? M * ; '1 9 5 2 * p p f .d% f>%- .-fehfi! mrfcins the h t $£ thè tïlt|q^te gèei. ö f . thè jtohnâètè^ . The %". -aHmaatèe; «è*e, hP-, - \mìf|©4 è^hhlf; ,y®t, thè/*...#*?*■ thpi* àh$r of Ŝ̂ ĵ .̂ àasaiàa'LjtìSî iìb:. .áa¿ p lù p ïè . . .èf thè P tè flò ' prob.ioas. and t / h i c h . ; Jpef l i .Bisciöe the of the, .àfâïiàî® Retenu: .. ?À* ^ % te è , :&î^oùi|h . apäheihg . ha| _;$^|$Qn©iUabîe their §*|^èi'â|héèiiêf ' •Ö*-. :rhe ,Maiftihtfp£on.hy- thè îeaguè ô f Katloaè.. 1. Hature. end.Ihj&i&at # f the ,SefèrvtèiQh. . • - .V , • • • > • • •_ :'• r ' K ' - ' i • . . V •'•' '• : : : • - , • ' r ' - r . - * \ ••-*> ' • •' • s ' • ' * . • . . ' • ' • ' -' . ; .. ^ ö the i ^ ^ t i o h e i . ■ fr 31 ^¥ : . 'm il è£5/tM- §»|: • •*«** - . t»É ;P^ lè iç iih :. éf; the: :thè ■ ëm&rged .’, , Ä *ueotia».o f the eae^j^. •í̂ ^Í#Sií-- , *T :t h © ^ M ^ :e f N e t iQ ^ : . :̂ p süth h r edoptfon. o f thè August. Ry the ;aptt;©pfj6jriĉ : e f \ th l^ re f^ rb . the Gounod! ^prpyed-the midair which ;|| adVC** idntp&f , ii&p?e'fen^^iv'©;s, of! any ;supp:ieK^ntaiy inform ation whiah the Gocai3olcn s ig h t request. The mandatory powers ^ ' and Proce&ar&.-Of thd -^&rgan3' o f the life&fljue? /-, The l^ogaefs activity in' re lation to mandates was aarred oti through» datory powers to he ©zeroised?' ki&a the Gonmoil to content itself'w ith ascertaining that the mandatory power had remained within the limits of the powers which were conferred upon ic* or wao the council to ascertain also whether the .mandatory pojweh had nade a, good use of that© powers and whether its administration had conformed to the‘Interosto of the native . population? 3fcu Rymanog the Belgian representative to the Council, he** lieved the wider interpretation shotild he adopted i Re bused his arguments on Articles 1 and 2 ^hich indicated the spirit o f the mandatories super* vision and on Article 7 which requ ires^ hhm*a.l report from th© mandat tory on its administration.1 See, Respon.sihili.tieg o f the league tei&ln§ 4 P the. 4 p : the :&f é^blyy . ,4p. the, .ìtódaM0:. O t^ Ì^ 0|qni: :| p ■ Üii#.. ._; .-'âBfeÉt .-.ĵ ): Çoüïrb; Tni^rha^onal ¿us* ticeI The advice o f othe?, agencies mo often u tilised , particu larly the Steinding ,0.o©!^t^e\ ;Oh: tb&, ® h |t^ ,$ ie^ the. .Slavery doteraieçion ;̂ The Intenrjati^»^ labor O ffice waa ( regularly Represented en the. ^È^e^/f?h^p8Ìen- gnpaepy -ipt ;ft$ m. applied: te ... % • '■' . ' ■ ■ ; ■ the Lô&guè ^..s^^î?vigi|p:.^És -:adainietr&tioiï-. ô® thé; ,®iàda.tèë .utilised ' • V .... '" " ’■""" ' '"' v̂"'"''"; " :'V ''"'A:;:-' " : :̂" V ' : £"'•-''■■••••; - — :y§W$ ttt,; . -t̂ ©3sJPĵ ̂Éîê È̂ r̂gv..,.. : JédL jè̂> g£vé advi<^vte-.th|!' "ti> the.®andaid^^^ :in .the.abbonda..of amy . ^|^égé^Éi:̂ |îijp&èn, the pj^feors;, .$•£. the. .'̂ hêr '$W' empowered to- describe thp neeessary tersa, . /..-. The Assembly was free to disease any 'questions relating to mandates .héôatïsé the? were gpvévnàëi: .-in the- name, frf thé‘ .téaghé .atì- ài body and ' . .. .. ;--" ■ r •" - ■ ; ; . ;:.;.;. $ : : ■ ' league members had to share the burden o f moral re open a lb i 1 iiy Discus- ■■̂ib̂âi. pa- _ :ie :;;: $Î|Ç ‘$0$!Í3Í0S$O0; t f$ . Of; ^ .. - . the majörlty ■ #£ 'theV:Q<5CTM©io?i; s?èr ̂natiehö^h; ©f ;apib^3ie^àâip^ powers V-. • à y flu -r ;©£..tîïe: màn^torle $■».. ?Mt;a|:n»; ■ K^^süai sèio; ^. . .-Ŝ ijgíÉitóî v.. ; $ £ ■ •. fh&h _ ... . •È&aft$’ ;$$&%■ dìlj/no.i'.. baye ^;iö^|ör^| _ -, #fcé**> its; mandatos,$©*©;,.tpi?lg, ..Wft.h Ôô^ûnÿ1' wèro- Ita ly * the KotHeMeh^* •; :..B.>'-""'; ' ." •■;.■•■■ . 1 • ■■■'' ■"' ■ 1. ^ v . . . , - . , , . ..• _; . . ' , , , , v > V / ; ; , ! : . , .. . . . . ..... . •. :■’■•'"■ ". : " ■' ’ ’’ " ̂: :': ■■':■ f ' ' .■ were' '%■■ ; i:#̂ í̂ ÉÍé6?; that the ■ , OömpetOitö©*:;. ■ in. tasi-, ©enee Of''th©..;^.rd w£r:o: th© ö©n3t©r̂ :pf,;tfe5 Q'öim^ßiäfr. ;■ ■fco b© they .Oame* and thnjs the empha;s-i;9 has .• ^àósd on; the .pispeáí|. : aá •.df®t|ng© iSh©if , ' :#jroö thè ’repiFèiàèritètivé quoiificationö; o f thai.aèHiberà». . .̂ B̂|>'!̂ !!fê :,-.-, they., w o r o . - n è t . y ^ í d jöt.#. po©*?*;' - .gbi©;-|pve th© r* 2 ' ijvlbid.r, éèè also P,»^..€«^.'.Himteg_-of t ^ f a e ì f t h ' ' ’ v" pp„f 333*41* By the Goniftitut ìon ©è- anended» :, thè Commission wpa. to consist Of only' ten members} therefor© the appointment o f 8., Kappord, the ©pêtra* ordinary member* did not projndice the cdmpogitionv Of the Commission». Thus Sy Happord was a ettppíemantáxy member who's© position would not ñecos* éâf'iiy have ,beea f i l led, i f he had difimk er had dèoided to reei^h# 2 See Constitution o f the P*h>G., Appendix Aj For the composition o f thè- Kandeb«©. Cowi©$&egv$^ .#.#©© l|^0titö|ii _v.ppf^tiS'|^.Jaii/jpd^tfPgy- body whpee. duty it., yep. to;..examine-», to. report* and . to...aas|9t.;,the. .Sponeil. I t s . work 'tmfi,,p*eii$inary |)a ;dhathdtpy. and cpnpti thliohal ly i t hadnp ppyep. to- make.binding .dee;.!#- . -alone on^n im an^tn^ papers. pr '-'. . them*.., i t s conolnpipna >we.n#\:̂ t ..;i ’in a i -.wnti.l .th^sr.. ha4..;bep-n, appyoyed by the . epwnoil.^;Although t h f . > 3̂;.'only . aupehrlaiOn* the proceedingeof the Commission provided -eh; indispensible foundation . ’ v' ....... ’'=-■;•'•• % •. ■:■■•• ■ ' " " " • 1 h | * # ! L . t h i s demeih£^ , „._.. ,fhe. a ^ mpndeipfy ppypi'e*... the. .;repOrtvpf: the GiOmf mission;,teethe, $otinp|l^,.the';:m|piMe.'p^..t^>^|P^niton®i* end the poamenta ; .of...the were..all.,publiehafi; pbeervatione . pn;ppph.;ifppr^;. tp. the.ne^ Of the mandatpiy .power...ppnoeyned-.#, yhp »ae; entitled', to... attaeht..any;:;,: ;’■:; /'-■'/ ’V "* v ■ § See oonetiintion of the Appeh^e Ayv expedient*.. ; .As a;..?hale» the conclusions .of", the Council te;ineidod; Uith thpee o f the Mandate OeD^iseiqh ©hd the observations were forwarded « .. T h e i^ r e t e ^ ^ prepared .the; /agenda...;^ f h e . i ^ & é ô ^ the members Informed en. mattefe -had e; ^.ry:: :|^o rtd «t: Even he*;- ■ ’ ■ ' ’ ■ . • fe re '»©ht, into e f f e f t » th e . •secretariate had organized; a ; . •■ ': " %y: ■ ■ ■■ ■ ■ ■ ■.......... " '■ ■Mandatée , The. pefR&hent Court,.pf International depti©© » 0© .reçegnized bÿ, the mandatories thejBôelvè.j^^|-the fin a l interpreter -of their terras^. The .man* datory agreed that i f any dispute shouldaflse between the mandatory and ■ a î a â M i S t J e ô - i r . . ^ Î ; f̂ fÉ̂ Î0iriâ'-, to the. Interpréta*!» . tion o f the .app l ica t ion ,the - provisions o f the mandat©» each dispute* . - i f - nvo. t s•ettl-ed b■y ne-gotia>tion-» wa s-, to- be .submitted ̂ t-o —the P" e-r-m••a•n e•n •t■ • •apart o f Ihtefnâtional.:$»eti©ie *2 . 1 ,MjB&4ea,j:̂ 1924. DP» lë t»Ï2 è é 2 See Article l4 o f the Covenant» Appendix A#1 The meaning o f these terms was discussed by the, Court in the Mavctfmatle Palestine Case» Greece brought notion against Great Britain on the basis o f this Article (26) in the Palestine Mandate alleging that the latter hod infringed A rtic le 11 o f the mandate by granting the various Rutenburg concessions. Mavfuaatis*. a Greek national,, had a .concession given by the Turkish government which was encroached upon by. the Rutenburg grant« The Court held that* since Great Britain had agreed by protocal XÎI o f Lauesane Treaty to maintain . concessionary contract©,. concluded before October 29.» 1914, i t appeared to apply to A rtic le l l of the mandate Charter*’ Therefore Mavroaatie was up* hold but no mention was” ma de in regard t© compensation* See The "Permanent ■ . Court o f .International Josttop« (Généra» 'Information- Sjsp.tion».' ieague' ldf' Mations Secretariat, 1950), pp. 55r56, 59*40»,3» 46-49î See also Wright* op. P it*» pp* '• ^ ' ísseaaueaeaeesdúoyi ££̂ ^^¿5Q S»$¡y2*St Sold and Work o f the Peraanent Mandatés C orami eeion; ■étÿ Sòureèò Of infoiroation and Means o f Supawlalón .M andaté,;ô(nrâieel;^ .the- thè v&im- down in theÇîôèe-i*. , v, Jg^lhtièié AfriOá j0 > ;Of,;è|)eà$ai ijtttèrr*- ôôt ,lft; iiln strètin g the l^äatji£ , , 4 ..ena l̂ tribe:- Bèftdè|^wèi,tg:f .Rebelled:. :ih, J&22. against the eh itè èhoraeObnent^ /their .ftoeks and land* Thé Onion o f , South &£*$$&. quelled thè n ^^ ta ry foroè* Such â èituqitioh -.. . in a mandated te rrito ïÿ ', cou Td : not» -ga unnètiéed fo r tepee -6f -m. ^ . - . the Permanent Mandates Gomælseion’è c on ei àor.atio n .o f , the incident; andescpreèPèdl thè hope that favorable «on»»-' ; ■ ....... ‘ " ' " à " " ' ... j ' y " ~\ ' ditions. -Keu|4i.hèt èétéhl'ièhèdjK,--. ,• . The ninnai report by, the. mandatory power tflûs the Chief , equrce ; 0 infé;|piitlen,,é% th e disposai o f the ö^^ iae ion * '. But in addition tp;: the annual report ,, the CJoteôleeîoa naked .fon epeoial reporta en urgent 12 1 -Sèè jhpra«- Chap* &<. m. tè ft*-- -22* ' ) ■ 2 Uòóhi on*/,elt»-«,- ft* SEÉfc ■ . ' . '.^ ' ■■ ■Mtôt revoit v •■ .. »beh asl^à.:fo.r a atateàent,; %©. Ufcio» replied that £ . Àui.l apd :̂ om,- pt©ter©Phrt a f the, oprioiixg w©0*d be |è.rth0ûB5iiig*.: . th f report was submitted j, thé piaminèd: t t dad sglfo.. otet©iD©ïit8 oonçôiïiin^ tt© biae©d: natpre»; îhp... feçj»|sôion was co^efneâ ft©r; thé ÏSaip» o f South; . àfrlòa^ .:^ iiu ri6 . to. expose H s ^ e ;. « o p ^ a .p^parorh? ... the. o.oomi.elione re who were sent to the fie ld and by the .adatni.strater for " '£-'•■ -. ■ , ' 6 V ' :k . -. . ' ! •■■■' ■-. . ..", t h e . t ò ^ b r ^ s , the ^ | b ¿ - ' iB|S0yilû s r̂.;̂ ... . ot^irrfornmm .£<* the .• **** i|ihahltaftts.had,.to;; be tranewitted .to.. . the..t^a#^,ó;f ,,§ ^ © 0^ thfopgh. ihe^^andatory.. po^r-whioh wa© en title^ -to . . . i^titiotte/frQ̂ , .Other; .eouröes-.'., ' • .' h * ' . ' • ■ ’ • -j_ . tb© ■ worthy,. o f. átltói^tqe.' vtór«. the, ̂ © r ra ^ n t -.©f: th© .,aeu#t©xy; . ■ :P^4^'M0y^ : .' $$?#,p o r t e d Vpón bJT tbe .éhaiïma%: J ^ , u h e d u o a t e d . ; :., ■thé they ,©er© hn©faìe ih many ieotancee .*•: • '»* >' .»-'< •»■«**.«• <•!»■•»:’- ;y.y •■'.-:» •: -'■/; -e . y-. . •,•. -, .. - 1^»- .ViA;:r.;,. ••i-.'-S-.,-,-..-.-;.:. , . ■ V. ,, l\ tp màkë tibiém known to the î4çuadaitë ; doinäisäliEm^ • • When the annual tèpôp%:'Mpë. •çaaa.indd,.. the. mandatory power had a duly discussion . The exam* irtdtion ¡Eüff̂ iidÄd . ¡ a f t ; .#M« ©̂e(.atesrä' arising out o f t h e ' ^ f l | 'p é .other gestion s whieh aight arise* The Oral -ÎÆtëj' Cornelaelon’t information:»/' gavé the mandOtery .geÿè^j^eats- é^Vopportuhiiy .tQ. -¿eli,.th e ir to the ö^ ie iiiph iv ... o f in a ffluph »ore A ffa ir , s*̂ 3!»' that. Obtained by the Mandate Section o f ; iat*v It oenaifted.of tâ^e..whi'Oh: were enacted by the, iaah%toriea:j»: o ffic ia l .ptatenienta and.views.expresééd ÍíÁ.a '̂L'!i‘*rÀ rtiüT» 4» y\i»ívT'4dv ‘ ' V a 'í»,4",;*4 i r e i 'e .......... •" .'"''"’a " y - c : ' jW;W.,.v-1' i c í i ,,. ■• -.-.,. ̂ :...'.r.... ¡. /¿ „ l l , ^inutea o f .the^our^.^eejdien»- fi P*M«G.*» Minuted..of th e .;^ lM :’..éeep-i^iì!..Annc^Òb» 1923* p p » 29Q*9ìt See aleo MÌTOtee .o f the ...Eighth Sägaicn* Arme« &» 1925» p* «&I.% 51 •M>e Executive OoiraHtoo o f the Pulootino Arab- Oongrímív Sim o the In for- m tem. given Kes Biadequate, a aa in thè , Bqnaèlswàèt a f* .fa**;* #èF ^h S ; ■ p è a è ; Ì b Ì t i V to the . m m m ;. 0oB®i8^ sien decided that the to Jo^t^eat . ' . A frica, héá.ide|:hethg ecest.itwtloná5:iir ' ¿ je è t io n ^ l^ .m k -4«d?- •dient* -,,v bttt thie. pea**: èihtUty & W ^ iiè d to . . f in a lis e hè^se. ;the;fe|were coneälted -stated . it wonlf ;¥ââiEèh, $ï» ^thçlÿj^. e i thè sg3 a^e*^ l$ ...'AH*'#--. *#Salt certètsa ■ petitioners *?oa §$r$^ a.«d a. Mr» Nales* P m ■*&»■ h # àttèmpted. t© gsih; a .kèS^ng A thèir particular; g^evànoe^^rs. turned : down*. . fh ? b m H - te ;e eH ^ es*** . eèj^igòìeàe..-to,^|à^4 territo iiè^ .; it decided . H ;tèi,èô||èè4' j h é . Ä M .P > ■ rm ofr i r t e l o » ' f u r k é y * . ■ • . . .Onijr, invpéèt .thö;; ̂ an^ate:.^#^^saio^. k m ^ m ^ *t wf>à. a . doèèètning>: thè, Mandatory a^d:4:,Mtghí>oting ?W$fc && ;â l î f e ^ | | i É Â $>*•. 'íku. , 2 % . ■ Í92&» part pp* .P fcv ^ Ä *■ .. : v.^- '% P#*-Ó*, Mina tea e O h e ^ ^ ^ . j g e a i , ^ . '^ » ; $.* é j Sèè -*&$- >. S ixt^, g,eaBlon^ 192% PP» in thin instance arrived at »ité râ t n íé n in g thè Bàtter to .’ thè Mándate Ooipi'selon*. . fhò òcamentè è f: . . t h è f » ^ ^ © ^ aè a. n ié » .tfcrèp’ new ligh t on thè obtained, ftgm,_ the yèrlçuè jonrcös prèyiouèiÿ dièèè:siêcbf • It5t,r0oy|'.nftâ.,thè to/türn Cenai dè-red; the, déport dad sade abBèr^tions which i t ■ in him presented-' ■ to the àiàndàtóry power* ïh® concluoioiiB o f the;C®aais.èiCn were Oftentimes "■ - ; r ....— ••■v.y -̂7--:*- • ■ ••• ■••■■$■ ■•■;■■■ è t ì r t ^ d ^ ;.^iè the., caa# iai. thè Bondèlawart , r e p o n * - , . -. , fhe Gounftil a »dthe : i ^ their disposai,». ;èè . tn^catè#. hy;tM è;;;d|fd re ien *, » .variety. $f Beano <*? Obtaining intim ation W hifh ,jasfiot^ them .in their;work,M . s a p e ^ i o » oyer thè: màndatdo/snd . ' thè mandatory power*. ; •' 1 . ' . . >•*■-.. ^OthOdè and Achievements • ' ' ' 'i. ■' -/ '• /..•*•• « V 's : v: » '• .. •••.,} • _ • v ‘*; ■'•'• •:■'■. - • / •' . v.:v ä % # *§ & m : rn x $ m .m 0 $ m . 0 ty .M . thè (^ l.s .è io h ■ : i ô s r - . . teéíP^.. .. . *.; popple*; a # ; <*”* *<*?*««*> it/.hád;té n ^ rta fc e è c è re r i; and/è** of, the whole ö f th e ; mandatory ; tn . .̂ tìSM^N r̂. .4.^. ... ..$j#§; M d to m jm n . to:-/.äyoid.nndemiÄißg thè duthority of- thè .■. " ■ V' ■; " ; y-''*- \ V „■ . ;, ;Vr '.i!;. * ■ !■*■'■'■iyiiiiiiiiriT;. r- ,',.■■,.,. f s ô è jB B » - m %+:$* m - sm 'étB&.miï&i m m m $$$ ■ ■ ' ■ v ; ■■' :. ■ ■-’■ 1 : - mandatory powers and time increasing the d ifficu lty o f their task. f f this policy had not bean followedV there would have been more accusations ' • " • • ■ ’ • . • ' • > * . • ' ' that the Commis aion waa setting it s e lf up as a tribunal« Ihe Commission* therefore, a ttested to refrain from doing anything which night be con* strued as a tendency to substitute it s e lf fo r the mandatory powers. This question did corné up on a rather important /'Issue* The Mandate Opïnalaàion formed it s opinion regarding the application o f the various mandates mainly from a study o f o ffic ia l documents, with the assistance o f the accredited representatives o f the. mandatory powers. The annual re* ports p f the mandatory powers were the most important documents submitted to the Commission, so the Commission in 1921 asked the Council tb send questionnaires to the mandatory powers and requested their use* as fa r as / 'V ;■ ■' " v /•’. ; , - v ‘ '■ ‘ ' \ - possible* in the preparation o f th e ir f ir s t annual reports. The queationnairee which were prepared fo r and *G# mandates were soon found to be inadequate as guides to the contents o f reports because they were drafted prim arily on the mandat® texts which as a resu lt fa iled to bring out the general policy Of mandatories on questions concerning the entire p o lit ic a l, adm inistrative, economic* and socia l situation in the territory* in 1926, therefore, the Commission drew up a new l i s t o£> questions which, i t desired to be dealt with in the annual reports. The Commission, 1 league o f gallons O ffic ia l J ou rn a l.1921. part;13 2*. p|,. 1125*1132. . 2 fr ig h t . op .c l t . . pp . 186*189. • • 3 ’*'P.S.C. . tfaquteS o f theMlath Sesaion. py. 231*237.. 34 a f t e r considering the ob jec tion o f Great B r ita in and her Dominions, stated that the manda to ry p o w e rs c o u ld use th e ir d isc re t ion in adopting the l i â t Of questions* Inm any casea themands to r ie s a c tu a lly did comply* ìb is was an attempt by the Commisatom to e s tab lish a standard, and i s on ly one example 6? i t s s t r iv in g fo r cooperation and adm inistrative e f f ic ie n c y . The Commission did' not lose sight o f thè fact that the mandatory powers were engaged in a common task o f welfare and progress fo r the mandated territo ries and th e ir inhabitants and fe lt a corresponding duty o f support* ing the e ffo rts o f the mandatories in th is direction. The Mandate Gemmi©-. Sion in these ways went more than half-way in e ffo rts at cooperation but was o i^ U thwarted by the mandatories. The Commission at each o f it s sessions undertook the examination ô f 2 \ ■ V the annual reports. Since th is examination was taken up particu larly from the point o f view o f the application o f the clauses Of the mandate charters, the Commission covered a l l the fie ld s o f administration and a l l aspects o f the l i f e o f the mandated territo ries* ’ 1 P.0.C.. Binutea o f the Fourteenth Session. 1928, pp. 198-2Ô5* . 2 See paragraph b Ô c o f the Constitution o f the P*K*C*j Appendix A. 3 The exarniî tioh inalpded the following fields »̂ admini strative organi­ sation and political systems; public finances} justice; economic conditions such as agricuitinpfi:trade, and communications) social, moraiy and material conditions of the||atiyas| the labor regime} publie health yital .statistics) education;' tbs l^oi||^ure; bfi and traffic in, spirituous liquors and-narcotics) freedom1 of conscience and worship) the activity of missions) the éjf%qntidn : of the/principle of èconomlo equality) the open door) the military clauses of the mandate) the delimitation of frontiers; the international; relations of the territory) .and mfÉ^ctbér(A^^ aad searching questions*j See P.M.C., Minutes of the flinth Session. Annex 10, 1926/pp. 231-237,' y*"" . ‘ " - ' ' ^ ì | '!̂ ^c^ '.' »*8|ì!S4̂ ’ ^ :i i ^ o ^ ^ 5,gf;' , :.^n'iem& .i^ibnOeS; à ;:-$$<|^i^ !fo r . indice • 'Awéìié^f 1̂jfBl^<;|î .;;S|g î ̂ ,|ippé^^, td hpve boeri juetifi&blé*: .®thd#: obaervationo ccwxbained ree otsiaendat ione or suggestione conoerning th$ '■ - é ^ ; ; Ì | ? % ^ ' ; . ì ^ ? ^ t ^ n t i ' ^ :v ' Jijà: th f . ' t»-. &;. U ■ **&&• :̂ ®.#i- iP ^^ lgà^od . .:$£ ;ÌQgO*-. to thè (3am©iseì p * . ,íe»üi-fer- ,#í̂ , . . o f the 0ow í||^yiB^.'óf; ifèé fífe&yl^jr t̂ 3é% cloalr or .■..._ whiôh .Article Ä ; :|3é̂ . tipojó te. «iö V - : . , : ......... . . . . _ . _ . _ , . . . . ■ * ? * * , , / , I - * ^ te. r ^ & iít g ,00%$*' iDtfe te© Ä , teatri ß s0 m ^k ,.M $ :^ 0 lÿ É É î^ ^ . «"t"i"r■t'''ï sà ■ĵ -̂ r̂̂ ®-. ¿âtlÇâV'iŝ ïfc ínéfert te#' * ’ r-:* ;r~ '- '* - 'W .. . - . v : ; . , . , . ^ . . . " ; f . ^ - v g . ... -■■■- - ■•■ ,.. ^¿ipp^íjí pè^t«5in^.4|pô^on.TO Sjj#jajj>,.. ___________ g u t , o f Art täte 32 *. Aöaenbly ■$öM Ä ß^ifö* #teß* '4*1 3% i r M 2&Q.' '." srmxiaàL m ©îe ^helüaiéîi :<î̂ e$m ;ivi ^ l ^ ; ; | i ^ 4 . ©njo^. ̂ .Táííitr that Í0^fM0Éff, £$ Sos© !ü|(' f o r O tü^fcy the Qüw&iá~: ! 'r;.... " ". /'"'V ,v' ' -“ ••"■••■';■'•;■• ...... - -■■-.■•..■-•. ■•••■ ÿ • . alga- #$©; ,rí&#v. 0gp0§i$ /ehs^tty# the eW ■' ' I gtoé. to hatiôm1 . thö; e^ .'titïe . tO:;ptifc£Ìg o r domain lande la eahg o f % rm ater or towaination o f the mandates « ||í|;:'p ^ ^ | ;i:̂ ;J;l^/:̂ jí; ,;$& any aáiidatel; atOät - i - : - :̂ 3 ç é f > the .íaándatf'|;. its; .rOyeOjatiofe Or lté - i»t̂ i4^¿% ‘i.}.'- ¡ >•■ •;.̂,,? , ' '! ' P«.M*g-«VlB3ËÉté4.of;.t^ S fe o ^ ^ pp* ;.®̂ -87¿, Sg© also ’ î S3'»- Part' Ì * p*- $Pg, .0$i0ii$ir&- MiáaMá^.PÉ. thg;vÍ^oatiéth./3eM3^ft*: Agí©* JBM' ;2¿^2f>0 MàniÉfeed:-:éf...thè- .^ irtë é n i^ Annex 7# l$>2%s|$i;. . f Iy m *+ M aatéfe O f A :|§* 3$2.1» 22Í 6 ^ ë r " J^Ar. - :B .&4:»;. P»v 'gfe--- issm saasae. ie e s s s s îs s s tiû d ; mi—r r iiin r i rrm o n ir ' p : . ffctëeo-. questions .grpàtïÿ, thp^ f l o i t ^ S d f ;l$aae end the . g è ^ p s i , ■5Mâ^^o*klô ŝ -* v 3100$$'. and in d iv idu a ls a lik e ware unw illin g to take any undue r is k s } tho re fo re « ' ■■■■" ’ '•"■.• :i tiOal p o lit ic o , She apparently had no intention o f losing her advantage eoue, position the, J?aOifio»., . ., „ . v ....,,,.,:v fo t the government o f depan did not relinquish ita ta^date' and took the view that the Japanese withdrawal from the League did not disqualify i t from continuing to act as a ©sudatory} but neither did it » -aa many Japanese nationalists claimed« absolve I t from the obligation o f continuing to administer the islands '‘4»»' - WitfK :•&)*«o •Ai'' ‘fcVidsi' pst$̂ no the ; 0m 0- in :case: 'Ë&;é§^ôé: nor were there any decisions concerning whether a mandatory 'had to be a , ....................■"" ”' M ■ ' ' ;v " ......... .. ."•• " - , ‘ ■; ' v- '- ";...... member o f the League* Aa a resu lt Japan was allowed to administrate the d h g ^ 1 ^ - Kht|l 'Ê0&- 'in. She «$0: n lse building k*wl«*e«W> i l * -1m * P* J ia,^ 9 4 fsiffe 0 : iuhidud ^ha^ote# ;|t^S.a^anSi-. in the I^drehes * and reatrtdting t$$&$0k- tfESy#. in the i0lgn The .Sfc3*r^ «^r© oijjajr*-- ;ps@he&S$y£; y|#r d f thevmdin objectives: .and :'cp;ry^sppiid to the alms as set S i s k - ' - / V 1. The .po litical and moral education* the ii^royefteni p'f- , the liv in g conditions and, in general* the protection o f the interests o f thenativepopulatiort» . £•; The and cor»»- \ raerclal equality fo r .a ll powers so that the nandated territories, shall not he a source o f p ro fit either p o lit ic a lly or economic*» , Jfe* To make the mandate.' system a re a lity ¿^>.$0$. . cuse fo r outright annexation by preserving the lega l statue1* Integrity,» end individuality o f the 'territory ah a 4 i® 2 ie t ' international entity *r the id ^ is t iic ; approach, .’bheed, p rim rily ;, on. moefc large* than' it .«w»».«... >• ... ..W ..i. .«»■>;■>•'- ^ y,ŷ i,v. -. ■ • - ' v ■ ■ I Mjnuteiii o f ^tha.^ienty^istth..Session^. 19W* pp>:,:89i#3 & 93*. g. Zander* .,o&-»eit>«. p^-7,^4 * » indirect quotation - pidyed h u t i s ' net o f f a s a long direct quotation fo r c la rity and contiri* uity o f thought* However* the "open door” and "equal opportunity0 clauses wSr^ 'Sht included'in the 8a " mandate charters» $nd thercifor® do, not 0 0 3 f ' in the gee supra,». n»--1* p*- 13»- 1 were being sacrificed to;r the benefits to be derived from playing tho g®»0. o f .;:^|®-;«^oldO : the ,, ■■. ;'feÊ become. m$%$ p f^ in e ^ ,in the, gn^ting,., di«fiy,o|lon;;^bi<%;wi 11, deal. : with, p fo bldma ■ a r i s i n g . , w h i d h ,, t$$: . \"-'" Ife In- $9$9...^R..tbe 'status o f th ° t e r r i t o r ie s tolder ’ 1 1 This was paitacularly true in the ease. o f tho ¡3an$aq o f Allexand- re tia which n^a a part of the SyriJ&n mndate.; ,0n .Moy’ 29$ 1937» the C<;xm~ c ii o f the League o f Nations». which was dominated by Franc,o and Great Britain , modified the Strain Mandate* insofar as it applied to, tho Sanjaq o f Allexandretta» bjf adopting a statute and a fundamental las# which were to coma into operation in that- •territory on the 29th o f November, 1957* Turkey had been agitating fo r the, change because o f the large furicleh pop«-* lotion in the San^aq,« fh© southwe Bt ward t expansion ’ o f the Getman Reich , and the Ita lian oceiip'ation o f Albania canoed a rise in the, value o f furbish friendship %o the western democracies* Although France, under A rtic le 4 o f the'Syrian -Mandate ji.-^ae responsible fo r seeing that no pari o f the territo ry o f Syria and the Lebanon ^ao to be ceded or leased or in any way placed under the control o f a foreign power^ she violated this pledge and turned over the' SanJ^g. to furkfy on June 25».,1939*, Thus,,,,. . . Francb^Turki sh and Anglc^Tur&ish re la t l one we^e brought into haraor^i, and, th© msr prepared fo r the^ Tripartite Treaty w£,ieh was concluded at Angora in Pcteber, 1959* See Arnold"*i» ToVnbee, ‘ Survey o f International A ffa irs * 1950,» Voi;*, l f, {l^ d p n i .Oxford Undyefoity Press, W l ) » p?V ^7SM92j See also Herald Stephen« ’Bpcume îts on intentational A ffa irs 1957 (London:. Béóiaíute«:. tHa ..£#!##■■. b^the: , |^.--^por^ájjg'-ífclxV tí)éítái^t|# ^$';^;öia^ä$^es ..^ .^ p g e é ; .i '?-yir : :>-'f ' -||h“ - ■ í :-. .*<-•'■■ - ;- - í -• >■.-■-.>.■■ > ..• ; i . , / ^ . ^ . f . V-*. . , ífi» ^ ̂ gf;; otie^í^^g, ĵ̂ SŜ etí : : ; ■ . ' ^r- . ; âáĉ , 'c;|^t>mrais3iöTt cocereisod # e ^ iaeana ■. léga ih© icii^lxwéà # # ' ̂ .^ biÉÍ.^# frtiioh. .fhi# «aie tö; Iniatratloft ai;aó at Q©à$ad after' 1.> •' ■' .1 \ . . ■. • . ..##. J $ fÍ$ É !^ a6tivi,M|e3; o f tlie, 4j$aga# o f 2?ation0^,:. Ä i § Itile-; aso » dated te rrito rie s vere ie tt a d rift ax a f #*\* t'&Ò.. f f # # # ■j;0..:ila;iHW!)|¡..!yt>̂ ¿̂ * SÄ'!. i:;» -l'.í-:"..*.- « •.'V̂ -'- ‘̂ -7i.''*' „ ‘ . f. .&iJkfevMftfo^^ .I?.j#*. .pp»} '"■à 'S â à È M ¿ ji& iá iM ^ Iftii V f ‘'F ir s t ìru fteeatìip A gregáo ste# Uj Æ f t & i â i à C :'tot>tor 21, 19*&) * jm 26* ...W#*®.they /b^ cób^íu Í • . - -̂¿iaê. -“Mí®- tàlçô up where i t had le ft off, in the late f a l l ’pt %939* but the force# o f war, .h o^p^*: to the I t ie p 0 ye0à^^tàB::'^ i , ■ ■ - :§h$ü0iÊ :tô; ̂ ;:cuch' : /çç extent;;- ̂ that the majadat# ̂ 0*0% .of. the; .league ..Would' hatf# •fei?-- .1̂ # 'í̂ vijrsiî âsiî lilaâ which w a^O & j^io 0# ̂ o u ^ ^ i l^ ;greate^‘ responsibility» Theûé arëac had now taken o » new strategic and economic . At the f i r s t sees ion o f ̂ he tíhited, Batían# General Aas&ably a plan was -de^iped : whè^éby the-' .teagu# ;w#^<.toSb4-:ts^efet:r#' ■' '. ‘" . ; c*‘ , - ■ :V3:' :-v": i v :"v; •■ ■' to the United Nations'. Although there vtprp no, recommendations relating ' ; ; . •"••$• r-'“.... ;;; ■ ' '7."■:■■ ,4 o -^? ^ tea ,in th ŝ agreement that (wa#' o^ftuded# many features ,# f. the-.-' ■ #áirtótet4̂ the new ■ .th©:.;otítépé^d. A pril 18, (15?45, the General, AeOeably o f the league, in relation to its obligations under the mandate system, adopted unanimously the following sy-. »•1 • -I'-'A - v ŷ<‘ *V-.' 1 Prior to this, tino thé' Uhitod hâtions, Conference1 àt San Francisco ôoheAdefed the desirab ility ç f taking o.ver pertain ítootionsi aotiv itieo , and aopets o f the League o f Hstianp.'upon. it s terôihation^- , fiôpartœent o f ÏÏt 1* j££ arraamr* . t* E gresses satisfefco.tion, In the, uoy In vihloh. the ‘organs ' o f the League performed thoir functions with respect to the »an - ¿ate system and ,in particu lar pays tribute to the iiandatfe Qa&*~ •mission* , , 2* Recalls, the ro le o f the League in assisting, Iraq to. ■ i; ; Independence and welcomes the,, termination the mandated statup o f Syria, Lebanon., and I'ranq-JprcLan Which have since the la st Session o f the AOCembly, become independent s'- %' Recbgtiiaee ,thati,’ on the termipation* o f the League1 s existence, ite function^' with r e je c t to the Mandated te rrito r- . . ieo w i l l , come’ e ^ , bttt'.'nntejo .Chapters I I , 12» and 1 5 o f the Charter which arafeopy the* principles o f firtie le 22 o f the ;• - ' ' ;':V" .; , 4*> Uafoea note o f tho/intentione o f the mandatory powers- to continue to administer ‘the mandated vender the sp irit o f the League un til the new orgessifeation Q&e trusteeship Council) ihe Aeaejably’ s' resolution placed emphasis on the progress previous-» ; . - , v _ ' _ . . . _r _ I TH/M±£E£-i TRUSTEESHIP.. SYSTEM'; -' A- — K / . j t - • ^ ‘ •' •■- -v\'5< 0 . 0.§:. 't^e;;^v^lopsi^n|fe,. of; proposed *'i ‘ 4 {•' •■~\ ‘V ' . ,■ ■' ’ ' ’ . plofts for a now ay,a tea. o f tutelage*1 , In stating,their alas, fo r a; better- future world i t was proolatt&Od that iiria te rr ito r ia l or other aggrsndite* •■'’f -Hi ■. '• ' o f the .United' .Matrons, v&e signed ori Jamary 1*. 1942», by the- representor ■ ■'.' ; y ^ ■ - • a'•‘ 7■'•;’ l>;;'fi2^•;vw•;;■'■!; > ■ ■;■'■■-■'£■ :...... - tire© o f tuenty-six pountries1 at war with the Axis* The defeat o f the , 1' Department - o f St&p© Publication Me* 175?» Ooeoerative War E ffort* Executive Agreesnsmt Series He* 25$* 1942» p*. 4* The two phrase6 repre­ sent points 1 and 2 o f the Atlantic Charter and were tehon fToa Ullson^s fourteen points*, They «ere heartening to ihoo© lib e ra ls who hoped fo r a peoples ©fr&jywhefe>.- . . l. 2 Ifeid*-»- pp:*' I » thè- te Hull te President BooVevëlt in l-îarch» 1 ^5 , which, called for' establishing gm. intem ationnl truateebhip . system by ^c> pp■ ■00^ß$f^i:. ^pfer?ìteS j* • m m ffifÜÉ^g, me thè- E llington - m m *‘ eteâ at th is time because» of the many -complex factors involved* However » i t was understood, that the question would be tafcsn up a t the prospective ;;f> ̂ _ ^ . i^$s¿...the. èëèm. ;Of . -&%ïèè®$nt. ̂ e , *̂ jfl(̂ hej(i; that 'ß^$j0^e§^,f : . -,1^||fj§§‘ ....... b# •&!&■• '^ö^ i. >£$$$$■. . th f ; $gr$ ■mm** ■ .•'•.■;> y.V •' -'V 'v^.i-. V-s.§ ->V r-fj ÍÍÍ2 k ’ vana. 2 E* S* ßal|eyi “dependant Areas o f the Pacific: An Australian View,n ..... ... .m truô*-. •; . . : 3 ^ .'..V' ; ;,•.,,.,'. ,..v ,/. r.-,' a l00 un4©retood /Untied St&tp# over1, whether to armé» &$& :, ^v;‘:y> * ;* ^ - ç r y : ^ ' ; :r - :vr;:• ' K •“. ' r : ; . ::;.,f ■"■-. • „ïslÊOde» orAto place,..th®p,under trusteeship#::. _ 'taken: td; in itia te the Five. Power consultations anong represents hives from the i^ te iy S tlteC r /:̂|3|f5|!gseti.. $$$$$ '3$g£|gj^ $«„, Thé San granetâèë'-i^ÉÉfiBâPÉaC& C UwiiiÿttâiH» ,rr':̂ V? .^"r^-ltôçringe ¿à. ^rSf^rRofdti^hst ifrdied’^ t e é Cemts« The'.Charter, o f the, United Ifationsi 79fcfc f ir s t (Sê&BSmt - r r .,,-,Aii::.s ^ , v -f,r .. : :s ; T ; . f :- : i . Eli OpT&éffiggi$& Tébhfiioal G o g ^ ^ -^ ; i;îg;^ÎM^- ’, ■$$#§■ î ö:|#;^f;i.;i|^; J|$nféfr& mûe Technical Ooraaiitee on Trusteeship. Curing the Pive Power laeòtingS various p roporle w ŝ,ó subasítte i for a trusteeship .system*12 Sètv/een the United States and British proposals, there were substantial divergencies.* but the B ô^i^*;:;|)̂ Éi^,Ŝ >í//aú̂ .'';fô^^:h^papere--paralleled .salt$;. V.;,■[.■\.. -. ... ■In' the. $.'tb© ' d|ÉS|?d$$p&iptM, trusted-r .ich-1 Since w rit, such ae drawing up drafts on p o lit ic a l and security functions and created for the purpose o f assisting, i t in the formulation o f the, provi*- Committee îl/ 4 , aö&ed tho ohaiiaian o f the Pive fewer group* Cora .Harold, Sf\ ,Ch..tí̂ S/v l.-‘ ■ o f n©gbbiatib|i?(^ the; oo^er^oOd Ccamix»^ tee# the fin a l draft- o f the Chapter on trusteeship was completed and 1 Üepartæônt o f ¿tate Publication, I5Ö*., 2573 ? . ', 2 Bepartment o f State Publication, Her* 2490ÿ The United Hâtions Con» ¿odutosnts, Series Ho,-. 8$ì 1945, pp¿ èhfêjCr & <578*702. Corabittae1 ÿ* the Conference Technical Ooraaïttee on Trusteeship * io designated' as Committee t ifò to jhow 31'«. \. ;$%. .194gj* . given to the •Of the .$#& al$lio«gh;,;the Fi^.^POsfér the|r â'âtiâi. ; ,̂ piè̂ Ëg(|;. the Qon~ fé r ¡e$ë# , The «erô- ^!paêi||^: $||^$ing; , £i£&| decision reraairêd; in the: ,i|ii|||„.̂ fF the ^ ï^ e ^ ï^ : - .": '; .;£&. t iKlgtéëéftlp lesitéa Pebatéd • ,... ..... . Qôvetsaï vital,,i;sSueeL'd©I3$' $9T iiehü&gd<^..|fe;'the:.Çpnfë^neo, Çqb&; p s M r h a d be©K di*t .#f the. ;p;iiï^pièie?; o f , . ïhe fin a l rêeu li l é to be feuiïd ixt Chuter# ....... _ . mcsb attention e^atiôI» took..th© .gositiaîî. that. |^$bhg . -JÉfF#'.. iŝ ïife. ^ â § i î ^ í 4 í f e î S | t i : , . 4 b© 12 1 Documente of the. «United Hâtions Conférence on International Orga~ (Hôw York,« United HâtionsJ&foraatio» Organisations* 1945)$. P* 5^4# For the entire proCeedinge o f Oetewittee Xl/4 ses referenoe above pp-* 421-716* Thls includes both the Englîah and Frenoh «tests#. •- -...-! ' ; ... ' ' ' '• ', *V;[ • ' 2 See Introduction tô the Thesie# pp*, i — it> 5 See Appendix O fo r A rticles 7p through 91» inclusive» o f the United Hâtions Charter* In addition eeveral mlscellaneous a rtic le s u î l l or independence whichever might he, appropriate in the particu lar te rri^ ..; pP&ei. ' '. • . ' ‘h..sr: : ’ .'?■•■'•,'«■ ■' “* ' ' 1 ■■’ . ' ■ ,k and CQEBserdial matters fo r a i l members pt the United Nations and their .... - v . '''■'■î v y ' r^ ' i '■■'■ ■' " ; . . . , ; 5 '“ ■ & . . nationals in trust .territories gave rise to.considerable discussion* Because this' provision would a lte r the status o f t*ie °®n mandates under the League o f Nations mandate system*.the principle o f equal treatment#’ . _.jpjurt* o f Artlci© ^5 trusteeship agreements could he drawn up» no provision o f the Charter could be regarded ao a ffec tin g ’the rights o f nany states or any peoples or the terms o f existing international instruments to which members o f the United Nations may respectively be parties» a thus the position o f the n0fl mandatories would bo protected except ae th is position might bd •’ - • - f. •. • . '. . ‘v'.t ' •' ' : ill"' ' l ' ’ ; • . V*. ’' " ' ' ’ ' * ; ' ‘ ' ' ’. . '•sia.&fostaBieft^ conference c ^ : ih ^ ^ ^ lC n ^ . j0 t ^ ’ ...-L. 2 PP» ' ' ' ! ! " •$ •S-ee-..guprbf.• ,£*, '$%$*% : | 3e,e A rticle &Op Appendix 0» .' \* tro, tÿ b<^foth© ttajted States : and C rea i.Bf.ibáto* .|&if¡t_ . ••. -J * t ' • ’ . . . , ■ 4ÉÌ$gtìP^.-#& * '$$ $ ^ 0 ,0 '; ;^;B -ß t0 0 m ^ . i ^ ^ / t ^ ^ r p ^ e a î é ^ ±b bmm$: the .̂ ¥*̂3?'■. '03̂ , ̂ í % # ; :i ^u ibb®*: |gifep|ö' î :-. .̂ í'̂ , #&%■■, , they ai©; e ^ i$ © i¿ ,, ̂ J í^ iig ;, ̂ ^ v' ^ ;fi¡íet ise«| hf. 'yfitíjá .0 ^ " :.‘ '■•;•■• ■• '■"*' ' .t } ^ ■. ‘ : • ■ . :0t. tied? #**■ li^ tion ev th ; ̂ dö; iSfdurityi Connell*, .... r. , . . v < .-' . ,.|Ehê;, ̂ rias'fcïï&. ; Ê S ? 5 â ^ ^ f d î d g b ^ : & divergence o f opinion» Thè fin a l agreement waé thçb th© Council í̂ Éíic^dl,-i5 ;̂.;̂ í̂ í̂3r̂ Kî >̂eL|t organi^ .'äLjfeöi- 3̂ isŷ à̂̂ îiii>: .'̂ i. '. ..bùjp̂ ë̂ a»d; '̂23L -of the . öbs^ter^: ïn ,. in. nin#?,,... f|}f ; ig. hag; $Eppgrta»èg.; tg. the .ggKgg; -or pàwgrg whigh ^ g íg^á .o f t itg\;inge*tiô&* ;| if Ôhantér XIX *àè; ^ :* ■ # £ # *# '# # .$ & . .^ t^ iish è d :# . te. the m&:.j%! ^ “adain ist^ icin : and -eìa|>érviBÌQ^ d f such. i^ r ìté ^ e é -& É majf ; ■j"y'-. ' ' ’ ;.'f j * f ' i h © : e ^ t ^ ;ar| idi:foUdwisr «*. 'thè ^étft8$inié$ :’'&f:éatéé^tàamM• b*. thè promotion o f the p o lit ic a l, economic, social and educa­ tional advancement o f the inhabitanta o f the trust territo ries* indepeaienpd^. . , .,. Vv ....... ,. . ■”' • 'fòt funds? mental freedoms fo r a l l without distinction a l to rade, ce*, di the ensuring o f equal treatment in soc ia l» economic, and com­ mercial matters fo r a l l members o f the United Katlona, and also * equal treatment for the fa tte r in the administration o f justice ? ,.v ;fhi' extent..to, 'Which ^these o b j s c t i v e | : . - | i * e : ' i d a t . anjr one ... t'ixse..will jh#'; . Ih l.l^ lh e ^ lf./ ^ ^ il^ a b ita n ts and the artic les1 ^ . e ^ h isr& slsssh ip^rsa* .. : ... , Article 77..p ro v id e^ t^/ th e : f o l^ w i^ f ^ ^ i e f ;-qf; .b.evpl.a<^d.s u d a r :Syitem by meens s f tlttSteeShiy »» i ■ v. •V;.i„«.>'i ./■̂ . ^ ■.«.,v;i >̂ .::: j\ •,,.,•,..• • :■■.... ,, \ -, . |S,;,A p p e s o . . ....■ J(Edyard Hambfd)and Inland M* Goodrich* Charter off the United Stations- Commentary and Documenta» {.Bustoni iferld Peace Foundation, l9*\o}t p« 255+ , b* te rrito rie s which may be detached from enemy states •' .&#:£ resu lt o f the Second Tier I'd Narj p | c* te rrito ries voluntarily placed under tho system by states responsible fo r their administration* * that the «b lob fcay$ been. prbvfbti aly,pLs$edi, tWEder;. ti^bitebbip. by, medhP o f ^ b be^o n t '.;.\ ’ " -'77" r ' w .... " *-" :' ', v a agreements fhus A rt ic le 77 is ift its, agreement phase purely voluntary* ;,., p f ¿ho, territo ries tc* bo p§ac^/^^jhr' ship was needed, as several partieipsents at the Conference were not» t^Ghnic;ei;iy; ^ ^ ^ i^ ^ ^ iiid ^ sn d en t states*, ..f»Oh.;.v^: t^/ca#i!g o f ^y^ia: \ . . . . . . . . r . , . . . . . . . . ' : r . ' - ? 3. ... and .tebai^n-»;, #&$:':,§!$$, ?©g^dfd, by j ^ 9nCCu#.';^i|.i.:n n ^ r .P̂ snofet; aja^atp*. i f -et, drawn .1» Order to exclude members o f the ' . . ... . ' " " .̂... ' ' ... ...... . . United |fntldfi.s;.#F^- heihg,.pl&<^d'':̂ ^ .tp^taoship; . . Ifev, ►... ..,. ... 2] $€>$ A rticle 79v Appendix .Cc ’̂driO.h^mnd'' Edyard 5 I * the f a l l o f 1941 General Catfouae, acting on behalf o f the Head o f the Free French, proclaimed the independence and sovereignty Of ¿Syria and Lebanon» th is boweveir had no real e ffect on tho lu rid ic la l situation created by the mandate Instrument because it could only bo modified after agreement had been, obtained from, the Council o f the League and then only after duly ra tifie d 1 treaties ted been negotiated between Prance and Syria yft^ lebanoR* fibweyer,. this/procedure wasnever carried^ out#,, Report, on the Hork o f the League i94R*>45 ̂ League Document No* C«25, B ritish and French troops were not withdrawn until m idMprli 1947, and then only a fter Syria and Lebanon had brought up the issue, in the Security Council* Yearbook o f the %.#djai.Artiel© 78» •Appendiic c*, ■ ’ . v. ! la the realm of implementation Article 79 has failed in many ways* •. . fbe statement thatthe termeoft|usteèéM̂ ^̂ ̂ ccimihg under the trusteeship systèm "are: to be agreed upon by the stated directly concerned ' ■ , !l; : . ;; :.i:- ..."■■■ has caused oonsidê ble controversy. • Article $1 provides that the trusteeship agreement designate the adr ministering power,, which can be one hr more states or. the organisation itself» and includes the terms under which tbetrust territory is tS be administered, : In the minds .of; those administering the league of Nations mandates there was still SOî detibt whether or not they would lose any of their ^ghts in the mandated terrttori8a pp|.or to the cohoiusion of trusteeship agreements;. Therefore, a SSnservatçry clause was inserted in the Charter* Under Articl e 80 the eal sting rights held by the mandatory powers were safe- v guarded as well as those of other states and their nationale* Under Articles! of the 'Charter* HhS administering authority may make use of volunteer forces, facilities, and assistance from the trust territory in vca"r rying out obliga■tions to -the Sec.urity C diivnçil:..*!.--- This" insures th:at the trust tend-tory will play its pert in the "maintenance of international peace |pd security.* These forcés also are to séiye thè. piirpose ©f 'main*, taining law, order, and loSal de^SS within the trust terrî ry» • : * - . " y , - - ' -c-- ' ■ ' • - V i - v ; 1 Se® i a f î a » f * i > * * t * ■ 2. See Article’ Appendif CV.. V^,;V. 3 Edvard Hambro & . Goodrich, 1 dee Article 84, . r/..' ;;'i • ■’V’ ' * • ' ' • ; . v.. " .. '.5 ; ; to-rtsmacrrifiMi 55. ïn relation to the "maintenance o f International peace and peourity* a i l or part o f a trust territp ry may be dpsigoated as atrategle. Thoee agropmenta cphperning strategie areas ère approved by the SecurityGounoil «b ile thpee rélatlng to noa^etrategic te rrito rlea are bandled by the Gener** a l Âaeeatbly. The sema terœa are to apply to their alteration and amenâ- • i . • ' Vv ; ; ■ ment« Ê . Ghapter M il la the discussion o f Ghapter 111 the main oonoern «as fo r the p r in d - plea o f international trusteeahip, whereas phapter X III isconcerned pith proriding the .maçhinery fo r auch a egràtepé fhue the oeinibèrehip o f thé Trusteeahip Counoil and ita posera and procedures are presorlbed ijr Çhap* ter. X III o f the Gharter. Thp Troeteeship Gounçil ié eatablished te assist ia carryingout the funotiona of the United Rations wlth regard to trùateeahip agrèéments coa- oerniag !&■ te rrlto rie s and opérâtes under the aùthority o f the General Aseembly. . The Trùateeahip Counoil la to çonsiat o f t , ■/ 1^ ; ■ ■a. United Nations ioembers. admlnisterîng trust te rrlto rie s ; b. ipermaaent membera o f the Seeurity Gouncil not te rio f truat te rritp rie s jan d . - o, as many otber aembere élected fo r three yeâr-teros .;bj}r\ the General Aseembly as may be necessary to enaure that tije -to-tél humber p f meribera o f the‘ TrusteësMp*CÔuncil "should be e & 85 j Appenâix G, .2 $ee A rtic les 85 & 87». âppendix C« ■ J : ': 3 $ee A rtic le 86» âppendix C. ■ il"; V • JBaeh member o f the Council is to lue represented by one specially qua il- fled person, Prpm, the above, i t Is seen that the number o f members on the Trusteeship Counoll w ill vary according to the number o f administering authorities which have had A rticle 87 gives the Trusteeship Council» under the authority o f the General Assômbly,the power tor a , consider reports submitted by the adM bistering authority} b , accept and examine petitions} ©•provide fo r periodic V isits to the respective trust te rrito rie s } and d. take these and other.actions in conformity u ith the terms o f the trusteeship agreements** '' By A rticle 8$ the i?rusteeship: Council is charged with formulating a ^questionnaire on the p o lit ic a l» economic,» soc ia l, and educational advances meat o f the inhabitants o f each trust territory#0 This procedure is handled entirely by the Council and therefore d iffe rs from those powers mentioned in A rticle 87 which placed the Trusteeship Council under the authority o f the A General Assembly in carrying out those functions mentioned. The administer­ ing authority is required to make ah annual report to the General Assembly . 5 \ . on the basis o f th is questionnaire. 1243 1 Êdvard Hembro & teland $U Goodrich, o p .o lt .. ppf 251-53. 2 See A rtic le 87, Appendix C. 3 See A rtic le 88, Appendix C« 4 See supra. Chap, I I , n* 2» p , 5$. ¿ È a te tiacm aB S s^tóM a 57 The voting procedure o f the Council gives each member one vote, and pro- vides that decisions are to be made b7 a majority o f the members present and voting* The Council is given the right to adopt it s own rules, o f pro* cedure and to make use o f the assistance o f the Economic and Soeipi Connell The provisions o f Chapter X II and E lII represent an agreement among the members o f the United Hâtions to set up an international trusteeship system which makes i t p o ssib le to administer those te rrito rie s whioh are brought. under the System fn a manner which prevents their exploitation or their being barteredamong the victorious nations* These artic les were considered as a broad Statement o|» intention u n til the actual trusteeship agreements, were éoucluded ab envisaged in A rtic le 79 o f the Charter, ■■ ■■ ■ ' . '• ' ' , ; . I* Drafting o f the Trusteeship Agreements I t was decided at the dan srancisco ConfsreneS io epláblish à ¿prepara­ tory Commission o f the United Hâtions fç r tbo purpose o f making provisional arrangements fo r the f ir s t session o f the General/Assembly to be held at ■' |^ndon in danuary, 1946. fhe proposal fo r a temporary trusteeship committee was defeated during the interim period» and very l i t t le was e.ccompiished- concerning trusteeship with the exception o f the revision o f the pxpvislonal rules o f procedure fo r the Trusteeship Council* ■ 1 See A rticles $9, 90» & 91 » Appendix 6* % Department f State Publication Ho* 2795* ' The Inauguration, o f Trusteeship System of, thè United gâtions» United States^United¡Kations In for­ mation Series No. 1$, 1947» p. 3. ■ ' ì.», Committee A (Trusteeship) The General Assembly on January 19# 1946# referred the work dótte by the Preparatory Commission to the Fourth Gommittée (Trusteeship) fo r consi­ deration and report. The General Assembly had expressed a unanimous desire to Oet up the Trusteeship Council as soon as possible. Previously# the Preparatory Commission had recommended that the Général Assembly ask those members o f the United Rations which wère administering mandates to undertake Steps fo r the implementaiion o f A rticle 79 o f the Charter. The resolution o f the General Assembly on February 9# 1946# pertaining to non-aelf^govern- ing territories# was in general heeded by the mandatory powers who expressed - " ■ .4. " their intention o f bringing te rrito ries under the trusteeship system. Between the London and {few fork meetings o f the General Assembly Several draft trusteeship agreements were presented to the. United States and other interested powers. The United States made sign ificant recommendations which were designed to guarantee the fundamental freedoms o f the inhabitants end to promote their educational advancement. These pre-assembly consultations • ' " • • t ■ :: '• : -;,ò' proved to be- constructive.1 *3 1 ■tjaafbo0k.,j9f;..the. United Nations 1946-47. o n .o lt ... p. 78. t Jfepartment o f State Publication No. 2484* Report o f the Ualted Statea PSlegation to the F irst Session, o f the General-Assembly o f the United Nations. London. England. Conference £ter&^ 3 Uépartment o f State Publication-. No 2795# V* 5, The second part o f the f ir s t session of the -General Assembly was eon» veaed in Hew York on October 23* 19A6; CommitteeA took up the discussion on trusteeship soon a fter the ■ opening o f the Assembly session. General d is­ cussion on trusteeship had progressed to the point where the Fourth Commit- tee fe lt i t neeess&ry to create A Sub-Committee. toconsider the draft trusteeship agreements. The main procedural issue throughout the discussion was over the inter* pretatton o f ArtiOle 79 o f the Charter which provided» in part# that «the terms o f trusteeship fo r each territory to be placed under the trusteeship system » . • * shall bp agreed upon by the states d irectly concerned/including the mandatory power in the eaSe o f te rrito ires held under mandate by a member o f the United Hâtions A TO Speed up the discussion the United States advocated a procedure by which a l l powers» without prejudicing any rights they might have, would waive the olassifAcation o f a «state d irectly concerned« in order to place the trusteeship agreements before the General Assembly so that a vote could be taken* Further d iffic u lty arose in Sub-Committee One over the preambles o f the draft agreements which stated that the provieionS o f A rtic le 79 had, been complied with. The United States and Russia entered into consultation at *23 1-ÇFourth Committee Concludes General Débate«" United Nations B u lletin . I (November 25« 19A6K u. 2 See A rticle 79* Appendix G. • .. 3 Department o f State Publication Ho. 2735» Report by the President to the Congress fo r the Year 19A6. united States-United Hâtions Report Series No. 7» 19A6. pp,, v " " the request o f the Chairman o f the Subcommittee* A solution use not reached so the Committee adopted the United States delegates* proposal by which no stats actually waived it s rights even though, i t was not consulted as a estate d irectly concerned*" Thus the question was s t i l l le f t Open fo r did* cussion fo r any areas which might in.the future come under trusteeship* The United States.objected to the a rtic les dealing with the establish " meat o f private monopolies in the African SB* mandates. The United States proposal was defeated, but the detailed dissuasion resulted, in sign ificant alterations in the original monopoly clauses.* The issue Concerning the preservation o f the p o lit ic a l individuality of the te rrito rie s that were to còme, under the trusteeship system was par" tiou larly sign ificant. |n the eyes o f the Soviet Union and India the phrase "as an integral p art," which was found in most o f the draft trusteeship agreements, implies a veiled attempt St annexation. The General Assembly and Committee discussions seemed to C larify the meaning o f the phrase by in " dicating that sovereignty over these areas did not l ie in the administering authority and that i t was.inserted merely fo r administrative convenience. Nevertheless the administering authority could govern the area as i f i t were a component part o f the home territo ries* the. Soviet suggestion that thè term "in tegral part" be deleted was accepted by Hew Zealand, but in the eight agreements,, with the exception of Western Samoa and the territory o f 1 Ib id . pp. 69"VG. 2' ib id * » P'# ?0. •#|a$Ípg wjttfe «■-,”* ■ :sĝ :$5aònfĉ |iv. ffii$6it, S% ^|; ; £.ja? % £/ Ä $ $ <*? | ^ y í§ $ i, ■ ;• M :.}• •*;»• ••••• ->-.v-V*< ; > ; * .ySWJ '2" . j&E. $£&&&&- Maëtefeî M>?>.röyfel Äf*V'..(\ 2 I b i d ^ iRfe ^ / ' ■ _ ,;;:ï • • • bé¡ ^feë :0!|^té'|?*:; ■ ;Tfe -̂.'th^ééi,&&jd£- .. V;•■•. 'S '/ Ä Ä 't t e :' ^ Í j ^ t f c 5 é ^ v '̂ <̂ G©3?ÄÖ: ,̂,hixâ: _3ßU#VÖ̂‘ 'ïtèSÎV ■ . , ; , . . . . .,. ,,.. . . . . . , . , ....... •'.. fc«. that thè ';^ ä ^ ^ i| ^ | ;;^^..; ■ • iiitegfal part of the edMniatering ppm r¡ end, O* that the. a^reessente -4td not provide fo r epprötyal by the Securi ty Oottnci 1 o f a ilito ry arr^jjgfëaento in the triadt ■ - , , . ' . , .■ ' , . ; ü i ; - ; . . ; , ; v , , ;.f . :■.,, ■,. , ,; > . / ' \ , ■ • ’ - ' ' ,';;S • " •**&*" ' ' ' - , * %f; the $ ÿ a $ ? § j ., ; :Oreet: bhdieö .hnä :bhs- 'ffpifrb; t|ô^toï|fèâ?; :^ii^tìt. the **itóiAà5èytó>s 1. - .̂,s-» fl I?y eteoehip;'j3oh#|| fófii- f (Deeêaber j 2b, i p\ 12« V '$fo alad j i $$ p | ^ :£ Í f â » ÏM ^ *. ;:$f .Soc-urity tïft .^;v̂ í^ ^ 5.^^|p¡̂ ¡||^0g% ;.feïS; -, -agyeöafents ,in Artidle ^ o f jh è : f^ ii^ Sé* ; .stated', tli^i;.%è. -IÇÉgt^ This :iH|̂ '̂ j$%- â trôo t3 ÿ .'^|^^§ , 3^t&dSl%£ .thtfe£föKS; Sb©. .•%j$ègìfe| '0 $ té J$';S}ie terj?^t0Ty óf îtëélSiâô it/j^0\^ ;^m of Äs^ös^^iö»:^ ̂ ; t$--bring ',■’ . • li­ the agrèéoontg lato owifoipmity with thé Ohâriorj1 *,* ,; ._ .- -. tpißßi; .¡I f M.e$í& ..^d'^i'ed^;! ^ 0 ^ i 0 ^ 0 ¿ thè’- . IfeOOM : thàS %.®:.i$s<$ • pïéfëp&ôài: $t í̂ r ^ j ^ g ^ S î ^ Ô ^ â ^ è ^ ; ; • 'IWStííéí thè ÿf$vlS %ö. Jèiteaiâà^t ÿ 0 ^ 0 ê ; : Q Ê ^ -:ii0M>l0ß:'^0&i0^: o f thé. lî^ eS é ip lil- thè:.-:£*£^|©g^ -of' ,.̂ Ö̂ iä6̂ E.-- : -Ä •1#': ~ •äß - 0<3SVea¿íLÍÍí- ®iŝ :t̂ à;w^étts.iôiifl̂ ..̂ ^^^1#..'̂ ôi'iô i 4& M f c 4$K Ä > ? W % * m y ■•■-:•■.. :̂ v " : ' - • , : - *■ &i$y - $ in tfust. fa ilu re $ f, -ibî (t 'tracing: . After. :fi|6|i^;|^i^|^|t. ■ ;^^ i;’l^i;v^|i^^.:^s^: $$$$#: ■$$&;^n%-: .^ ^ i; fu rther '■^^l;-. ;‘ifeliSi!&: -«̂P.;.. . When held* She r e e fe d .ipr :p^^l»i|>|t1io^ v:^ | f^ | | i| (K w a p - - ii^© n iM^tt- the '•of: th«i^|| 'T ^ -fstry $nft. . :epe$|f1 $ of i t by PpanGie B. ,3ayre:*hhe Presidents o f the ;i0̂ i|i«̂ Ldl- t^e-eksp« ined by the General Aaoeably in Septeaber» 1947* Mr-., Sayre at th is tine urged the Soviet Uaiox* to'.aend, it s representative to the ereetinge o f the Goi&tciT;»... ;®e;.:al:eo j^ in iea ottt that the T?ruite&BbIp;Oeuho&TWould benefit ' " ' ... "': - r.... -*■■“ ••■•■.■ . " ■■’ :• :. ' %' by partidijpatiofV!.|iit;:iM..;$^^ . She. :Spyiat ./Union di#.ne% however*, break h e r . bOyO;o.tt. 0f the Ooiuasil " " ""“ :^2:........ ::!' :'V ;™ " ' "■" ' " : '" V ' ■ '■ ' un til April a 1948, The noet obvious Reason fo r the Russian »cure was the pf9j^#ei $g$ [ ; B n i t e d Nat load;- 1 Ibid*.* p, 12« See also ^^T rusteesh ip Council Convened»tt United Nations Weekly Bullotin* I I (A p ril 1, 194-7) p* 509*" See a ls o __,»HTniatee- ship in Operation* * United Nations Weekly BuXIqtlnv ’I I I (October 7» 1947) .pS *; 4 ^ ' 2 » i . . . . ; . .... .i,.v , : . . . •; -.,' v ... .-'. , ' . - - v - ' ’ ’ ; V ' :" ,•.:... •-,-... ■-. ... ■■-, -' - i ^ i ! "Safeguarding lerusaies C ity »n United'flfat ien&: B b lle flh * f f . (May 15, 1948) p* 402-403* {Publication was changed frosa a weekly to a aeni* monthly publication beginning with January* 1948) n see & ggs*. ohan«! is » m i -t e #*¿23 ^ m 1 ^ M 124;^-!'and n* 1 P*' 125* 0 IA September» 1947» Australie submitted to the deaerai Aòéembìy a •áraít trusteeship, p s# ìSìe®t‘d.'èf Nauru É | fe t#S: £&î 0 ^ '- under mándete»; . ;|ä&, Serésfaer1».. 1942' there .during., the defeat# in the AeeäQbly» the ê̂pâ î̂fe- ;p̂ ĝ #iĝ iäap\ that the , -!!̂ ièsè̂ Hh;.#yĝ #e«6e»rfe/#|yê î ̂ 0̂Péi l̂ áfc jätaftä/ ■ that; : ehe .het e® •lité is e t these eendueted, pí^yious'ljr' la . respect tö, :the ;, : J f \ ~ M; ' " : ..; ■.;■ ■ t " , . , - " " ' " .....: e ^ e ^ e s t^ ;- ' ’ JS:§- ■ ^eM tlgaSi 'öf' the ^rneteetfalp; Agreements principies ■x̂ 'ifeis::Ée:i#rhapareïP; e?¡ the fee^eée * . 1 » i . \tre .• . thó3.e> t e r r i^ f le ^ e ^ ! ;t^ ^ f-% fiÉ -'p í^ h ere; Z- . ij$sp apprered; $¡jíí' th# .!*?§$tyßM ' $ ï$ I (mvember-11» 1947)» p » 6kj* See also ' .«^Committee Approves îru stee- Shlp’ for Nauru»rt Patted Nat lona1 h.eshl^, Bulletin <» I I I (November 4, 1947)» PpV ì&iM®*: '■■¡Xy^':- ^ - 'y ^ ^ " * ■ ■ : ; .’î':-... '• f 73» f*. In .j^^|r|jif,, ■& eon$e:inins - th#;. terfifazp. .d|#igHat* ■ ing the trust, ;| $ | g^ ^ | ,. * $ $ $ 0 0 ; he*~ .'tflag the ¡nations infomed^,,,; regard to the agreements end their revision sir torsination are also in - •eiudb^^, .̂̂ .V!..^w-...;..,;,, . ; ,;,. ,.';..il- , v i. i , ^ - , ;y :-i: :.,.■ V. ;” •-, •_>. pine re?*. $ * 0 $ $£$;. forth .. a*e, «adpr the-atein istering , p̂̂<3ha#ii|r ■-- sxons suah as X he establishment o f naval# m ilitary * and a ir bases are to : 'he;;:||^||9|. h|?0h,h^;:̂ e ;|^^^,..,|T^^|g.;^|lr?| | i^ ,| | ^ ^ ^ ; gotmeiV on whether the tfustoaohipr i * atfategid or non«otratogic* . ;..,; For every ,right there io a corresponding duty* Therefore# the ad- ■■t$0 eXi0 & $ .authpiihieS; h&# feê n rh^if^d. to- outline in- 41 tail thopa . m m , ^ , # ^ « ^ ; m - ^ ^ 0 m $ i -M -M é . ■ ^ r ̂ í t i o a -até guaranteed*.' Slavery g&ëi- ,*«&. .^ïâ^li^it^ô tì̂ d' '^ ; ;b®:- ■ $& ; i l i i ^ $ & 0$& fâp& :$ ̂ # :;l f .$&;*¡$m m m * * ' ***• ;g ^ ê « â â e T ^ ;̂ i&|fï&à;'«iyíétr v é t^ m :,,m ^ ^ i . l l f p i . . wfa. 1$ # $ ? ^ <>* indeper^enee^ ^ : m : . ;, := . ^g^- ' %̂ : íí^^ . ..-. tëi¥îtÔM®Ô: îte£: tiè©ïî fàmtâéTüà*,, :V:' ***** , ■'. " 'Í L ^ i S g i a f * ppr/i f i -̂ ao .̂ fo r the ìfop-*Strategic trusteeship Agreements with thé ©xeeptioft Of Htumì and fot tho Stretogio W ateesftlp o f the F ae lfie lodando^ ppf 598-400; For the Hecorü Agreement see the Troateqolaio Agreeisent fo r the territo ry o f ffaurtty United lotion© ]5oà* Ho»', "t/J^Ve^eat/^» 3^7^ phe Truste©âhip Agreements are not included in t&© Appendi» ns • they woul&tek© up tosò ■ ïaeth fepàôe and are rather readily obtainable«) ’ . , -'J— !_Ui.!! »"JJ BJiU «ML i.-_. AffiOng Othé£ w$;. i£ tO ih the sp ir it oí* the Charter provvisione* In doing 90 the adéinieterìng ship Council and is réeponelble >?ptt the si&inbgmnô'è o f peace, Order, and g$$f #;..|ïi. the §é¡^&, •'$$&. ■ duetriol ;iâô̂ r íí̂ÜÍ̂ fc taust cane fir s t * the dgreenentO can be ewondéd only 3® accordance with th£; 'tpipip',:pï: .^h©.;^barter and bny dispute 6x>000&$:;;$|^# th# International Court of';*;• * n which "••■•........ ■ v " ; v \ •-">• • ••• ■-.■ . laeaaâ. ;ba» $f$!| ■a&i&h; part?, a f ,l6ïëÉapâ?®̂ir3r becàùèa they; ara _, _ . ÎtÆiîdf. : ï̂̂ :t.Î!̂ | .̂ .̂É5>â̂;'i|P̂. cuatooo* fis c a l p or otoinietrative union with ad-j&eant te rrito rie s which undfr thô. a^ îriiô tering i authority. -The .^fnpf*. ,T 0 '$Q0*> . land and, thf, ;jsiva- ;a*t • p:Ç(^è^tipà: t é thC';:i^atitn îït^ ...by; providing .that. anÿ;$uph federn tionér j r i i i p é j ^ t ^ . ,:|^^i^|g|dî|fc, ,„ .,. ,ibe^.iig^èga!§ïiï6; j f • ,d,;é-.? n..e;îSt?i- ,irh.-.b-- &...irîâgé, t;..h.;é ïf; â. t’a lfeh.-" ̂ d§hhi& t,vh ey é it^b -■ %' $. .’: âd';: 3;o'ii-n ’i ng" . $$$, aejMcr'disa.. j^btprp are pro­ vided in a il the egreeœ&entG for Members, o f the United IS&tiono and thêir ¿ l ù ^ i ô ï ^ f l i ^l f l ^l ; . j s$$$, i%^...:|^t^.’' Jffe|iaëi#- tivgs ùf the trusteeship eyetesi* which, ta subject to the obligations o f the administering, authority*. Separate articles provide for equal treai>- ■ .0#’ '3SSè-̂i",* -̂ aisq̂ wii. ajxd. 2 2, SeêvA-rticle.; !•'/of; the.^rgèménts, for- i^ehoh. ÏOgblànd and thé feffle-rr •ppiatè and irtio lé' t à ï %i^ahyilèa.»; "British-' Wgeland and thê faaeèpbna;*- e ^ d . . - .■•' gr See. ATtiWlf iAppandi^'% .' Nauru ©hieb ffiérélÿ pediflnô thâir nbligfttenp ùndff A l ia la ?<$ ó f thé, Qhafier* • f fa Pfench agrémentavfo r fogo^and tmd thf- Oaneföonf ufé hípré' specific than either the'. B*ii|uh;fef |teig|ân agrfeffientö; , f f f thé ' ' inundates nò; nttentad. r|n: Afticif.- ß o.f b ftb the- Ttì.^Iand ;|!ono|>oiy flaasùf,, aff-: .'to, ,bf; Aft/àil i fé ■ :;ö^e;efflentfc»hi:|h ' prof id©\ f f f aoi^|^|4aSv^hTOily; f lö f f l , .:in,.;chafâotiôf:, An : òrde? t f moré fu lly far#.. the Antefeffcé é$. th© ' publie f f fk f ;and. útty. .ether .}0$9&G^P0¿ haying ©é^Pé t i t i lé tënàéneiët afë të be éuœ ipd ©ut with Ah©:. prpylfAQn ■i.bat,th©y dô: n©t M aaïi^natë '1 è th e ir nationeiu*. Th©, naaning o f the uöfd meno??/|y\is apparently : i t ré féré only ta apEw^itiö#, in, tha int©*©ft ;pf Ah© fanón i© adyun©fptont f f tt© inhabitants v „. ih© ..éhl|ga||©n;:©f7ib©t!p ? ép ^ ^ if; fiid©fbak©n An a l l bh© agfeementt*,,,^«:©y©r»;,thaFh, Gninea Of Nauru, agfeéffléntp, «feti©: th©, Ugféeteient gfea; into, ep©* ..©if ip, detail*-There, arp,,©pépiai, é p p à it i© ^ asophj,, henpe^N©*r Zealand*. th© adninistePtng aufhôfitÿi i f gipiag the JUtfiabitantf a greater : ;|, âfë: Aft i f ié $ of', hhe'AgAée^éhtf.- fo r ' fangai^ife:«;!hianjita British TP®pian|i and thecÖa^fföne^^önöh ipgpïand and tha Gamerppne* 2/&ee.-Ari|fA© fo r Tanganyika», è f it is h Tpgfìand and the.Ô iâaeféfrë a ^ Sa© aÉ©¿- Artiçi©/,;9‘ o f th f Agreements ssüsssssssmä. lasesiüaeaaBßasscaäfc 1 ....... : n ' ' " " "" ' i phare In the adainietration ©f thp./tèì^itory* Although the*© id frequent réfèrentìé tö the p f ©notion .Institutionè' l â t h e Afrlèan, trufe*- -teefehip- ègréo^rAd^ .thoy. do not placé- ae, W ch einphafeife on the d^éîapnèhf . q f o e i^ g o ^ fö a ^ t^ o o '$$$&: thé-' ,;1 -.;. .. |n .thô, ^rtheranoe.Of ;intQymtS^öa,l ^n<^; 'dnd. iOeöu^ii^ tlie .Ie » Guinea and Na.u r..u. agr, eem- en■;t•-a'■ ■f"a ■i;l'•e■;.d•■ t'o■-■ f>e'■’l■e r-;i f■y; wVh at’ . m "e■ asur' e-sV t: he‘ a- dm- inister2in g7 : ; . áu^^rí%r'-|;é to' take fn/providing fe r. the defense o f thfe territory* . Be« eauee both, agreeja^ta tfëro lf. fetatfe. that-.'the ^dtìi^iata^lhg, .authority l e i © take ail.áéaiarei^W hi#- thè .-¡píibbt©&.^ arlòe-fe-ae to w h e t h e r ^ .thefeé;..í^réeró^ of. . Áa thf ,.!r^íi|,óOf m^ifca*y..p^^ both the - a^^aroènti*;. they, gay #t, jôôfi$ b® open fo r d i^uaàioâ ,int the. '■ Security ,Q!ota^i||;.. |n,;additioa.,,toi thè; ger^ial; -¡̂ betementa;; qntfep fu rth e r ano© o f pfeaqe and the •■ OmeroàùB* and fog^land the ©rèetion o f fo H i f îeationô* aa , \ : ' ■■*,v : - r t .... 4> : ' r : ' V ' V ......... ;; . doea the New Zealand- ;t^?e<^nb ah ilé the fï*|nôh. .and. Belgian agreementfe be withtiia the ■ ,r . ! ' fram e^rk o f ' . *2 'I See Al^lfefjq 5 o f the Sasoah'Agreement; See- alfefe lu f f a », Shop«, 11, . pp#v 102.-& ÍP5?*Í-, V--H C .Í--.. 4,;.v.. / .. . . . . . 7: 2 See AiPtiel© 7 Of Ithe.. $auru and New Guinea Agreements* $' "3e&! Attiâïa" § .q f the ég^m entâ for'tangar^ikay Bfitffeh Togoland and the Cameroons and A rtic le 10 o f the Samoa» Agreemeat* :4 'fSee -%-Of the Agiefei^i^ô;,\f©f JfcénOh ïôgoland and the Cam©** ©on©* \ ' ; the. agree^rhu» with thè ■ereeption o f those fo r . .lieti- Guinee» Samoa*. ani Nauru* fo r the designation è#' a part or the Uhole - ' o f the;trust territo^:-ePv^-./?^et^sld ^e:**# at.Any future date*, INi'- Apply the p^vdaionB..;p f any . , rodpli^ndàtions,. whf 4 o f the Agreements fo r French Togoland and the Ostoeroonej See also A rtic les 7 & 15 ,©£''£$© Samoan Agreement and ;A itid e ; 6 fo r the N©w Guinea' and Sampan Agrees meats* See also; A rtic le 57», Appendi» 0 . ’ ... 5 î jàSv Agramente fo r Togoland and the CaaeroonB, and A rt id e 16 o f the Agree* ©ente fo r Tanganyika ^and.'Britiah. TogOlfind;;and' the. Gf^eroons*. ' 4 See A rt id e 5 o f the. Natiti, and New Guinea Agreements* • àéyéiòPJtónt.and l^edoim .iÿt .-feilglô'à* ;, The iîritiéft ônd;Belgian ,agÿé.#oé)atè Î4ia^; their elementary édnoétipnai %ôté?t-_|̂ßt -o^ •iliiteraejr#- ' Ĵiö'■ : , i ^ a j ? e ^ â ^ ï s r t i : : f ^; ' ^r^i sl ^, ih mhnhál s k ills , the ^èùóh egreeeestiò p | ^ to d^|op; ^hc^dhi^ and Mohnlcal edhôàtlon*' Thé Biritléh a^èéraénts; are tò r| !^ ;ìilt a ^ thé tóòat ionâî. and 'Cultural • advancement o f thé people* . Otìlheajf while very ^ both the’ re lig io sa .end ' '...', . Ho mention Tor . the á it é $ | t i^ t f « :0oo8h:ip; agrémenté!*:. .. b ifo ra© •*. they . à ò . ihfi. sétileméht 0*\h|^0t38tiöh; oT dipphtOB^.arising, between thé âdminieté.ri'fig. .authority ; o f ̂ the. ünltéd Hatiane* - Such disputed oré' .to bé; s$ttfed by; thé Tntezhmt.i<^i’ Court o;f Juétloé' i f . prior agreement is not reached:* Theo© »revisions are preeeht in thé . ■ ..............'•'■ è '"'. ' ■-■■■■_.; ; ;. V " ' " : . ' ;;V": ; •"',,i': : ' ■»thet; égfëéaéntéii; . . , , . , ' j . _ ' * . . . / ■.-.. : . . . . Thé. French ;âgréëffiéht8v fpfVthè ,.$^rôohé and, Togolend specify. _ that. ' ■ they are Cenerai-.A#sem*- "■ 9 ■ .■ • ’ ; ■: ' bly w n é \ - ò b , other ;aôn«étTÔtégÎô. ; tfusteechfg. agreémenté' fa.il/ tò % |2::ô£! fô ^ i^ ilE a j ^éhdé*Ur«nál and British Togoland and the Oaaeroons, and A rticle 10 o f the Agreements :for fféno'h. 'Togé/fand -àaâ.d-' ’- ̂ ,-/X'>/ :• ■•,/ .•"' éñd _ _ ........ ..... Agreements fo r ., f-fenöh Togéland and i the Càaeròons ,/ á »t .à| iìó i& £ 'ìf $; the Samoan Agreement.*: I Béé A rtici# ' W ö f the FpenCh Agre#ménto fo r Tegolond and the Qem:r* oons* ^ltìd^.auish a %»W *®*e to asm into fo .r^ op.on tHe jipprov^ o f the Q ^ ^ ^ X j ^ ^ ì ^ f ... ....... ■ m m $m ?htp « g i ^ e 4 :# * Ä ^ .. • *■; ■■•■.- . ' ¡: * «th e rs jn o i^ ..ii^ o P tfi^ re ^ e o t^ y ».,i.a the;o n ir agfeementsubmitted; t f Sàt* fhioh p r w i ^ ^ r . o o ^ . t ^ . ö ^ ;stüt#.aö: the gtdal^sieriitg -author* . ity . ; ■ TM,4gPeeitònt.;p;;r ^ t a ^ : bf. sdmli^st|reä, by Auptr^ . H a ;-on behsl£.i$. thà;;,g0V^etìt® ;of :̂ w. ■ Zsaiind*. ^ d .th e ,Ünlted U n z m f h l O h M epthority* fhh\-ébiôf. ; isi. tsfa&é haa V00m:. b H -^,.^q^d!$||^ 4epand; lo . fh ia pkmávx* Wiljl to: the. $$$&. ,P ^ f à when, using •. t t e . . o g ^ ^ t , i :0 : , y # y , . t ^ p a t ^ | o > ; consisting,of; on ly.«$gp* ..ajrU.ole% the. other,.ag *een e^ OOhgist W , to eighteen a rtis le s* Pith the l a o t i e n 0 that fo r :̂ w .(3wíh^ óhloh. hai .«hly Olght* ,' • ■■ V;»-', •’ • • . '■' ' •■ ’ Í '.V V . . >; V. :..' _. • • .; :'' ■ ' §m fp*stssih ip . „.;,.. « Ä g . # i | .fair i f > ¿he fitted . S ta ts i .hai: .òeeufc£éd,tbe, P^0b#& i- ; • a n d ^ r i a ^ ^ ^a,.aäö:̂ O te rtn g -th e% fy :r ig h ¿ s f _• ;# if: outright the; State*..Wer, Kaey depártante h id be#n forking .;pt:.;̂ t # | iä ;^ a n e with reé^eot. to ’ •■,. ,! .v> . - : 7- \ . • . i •’ 1 •,.(■■: -•'. ’• ■ .. ■ ,•;• ■;'*' ' ! . - .;■ '. ̂ « >. ' ,• •., i_i ,‘ i * * u < * ' .,'*••••• y . •: r .- * • ' 5.'. •.,•"•• :j- ; ; '.’ •,'i ' •1 •- ,' •', 4 .See Artlöleo 2,5» ì̂aĝ iì̂ ^̂ ieTgf tel" Api>r#el ;fr«;:9tèeehi^ ;f^r Kááru;í('" .tëftlfed ífattonajweekly Bulletin,. |IZ .lïteveabar %* ;|8¡?ííí#?# their our security system*' It . thus became apparent that; t he. United, ge|ig. to re||ngnieh her hold on th in re s t .ngt* Oia, Hovesaber 6.f, |9d6* Preeideht i^iaaaa stated . i ^ t the United S tatee. was prepared. to place the former Japanese mandated islands unde? strata*' g le trustseehip* After: the yarioUe interested states .had J ece i^d .info?* mation on :the.;.prppd9^% .fs??hn[.%. Austin»:, the United Staten teppe^nta* fiv e on the Security Council* presented the draft trusteeship agreement t& that body! .©$. /.. . 1 An issue that iple. Concern, was. an ., ment which would hard pJ#flPt#d the.t^atei^ahdp' agreement, from coming. in - . ' ■,■.■■':.",■■'■■■:■■■■■ v: '•■■ ;•'''; ,v - . > 4 'v '' ■"" ‘ '•■ toe f feOt un til the peace treaty nith ¿span had been, aigrted^ the •United statin defended,i(be poetiion.hy.dtdtins thnt .the tra-e%aj^%:'ngfeeme^ , • did. not t^:.;ei®tt the signing Of :ithe^^apfneee Peace: .Tregty .tdCadQ©, . ethtue; ae mandatory had: bedh: ';:freguently ;affirmed?; "I See- aupirk« Chap. XX* n* p» §6:;: *2 ,2735« op.o lt » « p«\ T**«,.. . 2 Department o f State* Publication Ho# 2784* Draft Trusteeship fo r the Japanese Mandated Xelanda* Par Eastern Series No* 20* 19^7* P* M * ' The former/ referred to ae the Territory o f .the Pacific Islander '' Japanese mandated islands are hereinafter ■'"■'/ • % .. ,..,-*ixapaneae!t!sn-date'd ieland©|^ ■ ••" h * ■... .fetionft -^ e k l» :M lle t in .. » p* *283#. 5 ■ ■$$#< th s -^ M ifV th© SecSùrjtjr thè U&ìted,. ■E|Éticui0. .ilici«dl^g th^ au* . ihotity . t$, approye,. thè.. .©£ trusbeeBhip^ toàH |j^ 'àppiròved thh, ... draH tjie agf^mént eotìld . ce#,© ^i^o.tìpètattoii»'..%% bft|: ,%t . . ■ . c• ih.,thei ;BjntaHh©4;.; 8, 1!?47 and it .ih©., OhXjT t h ^ ;:;̂ yr;. eoncìudedii' . nysyà̂J- ̂ ■_ • , aitili?feab . . -ĉ .. . J ^ t e ? t ' 1&‘̂ . r - ^ r ' _ ̂ ŝatìehat;̂ which ■ ■•-, ' * - ■ ■ ' ■ “ ’ ■ P ■’ ■ •■.-■■ . .* -■ '■. . ■ ■ ’vera .ifchlhd&d;là thè. . b̂et_ lei , . . = ' . j ui ^edl httc» , and ’ . --fĉ îBÉijB#-., ..%!̂ tPWJt'. a euàtpme* fis c a l« Oxii’t?&d States, pyevidéd :Suhh\.aié..à.suî ê .a*»; noi basi© % Separbaent ,o f State Publioation iio* 2665« Partlcloatlon of* tfae Upited States QovemoeTit In. XiiteroatlPt^i ̂ cnfegencest Jttlyl» 19^1"-JutiS *30* 194^«' gcaferatteW . ¿ é y i W . f f à * - ":S0*i'■ ’ ■'-----;;'■ •■■■./ 2 Bepajtment of State PubÙcatlon Me* 2*f25* The Axle in Befeat^A Oollectiott o f BoCiimeTiita' on Apèrlcan Po Iiey ,. .tPward1. Oemeury; ;àn&, ¡J©pà?H;' 1! : • v - v - . r . V ,. .. : , 5 » "Philippiaee, (Jcieie Rica Bleòted to thè; 'T ìoiè^àhip Ìlcpncil, * United Natione v/eekly B u llètlh . I l i {Nhvember 25)* p * 688j Se© else .-.-.•*-̂''-Ìt-■--:■-.-. '. ...... . ......v;. v'v.''’..;'., , .. ..•,' s7^ * ' à p «e it^ pp* ■ syatétf*/ . J h ^ '^ ltsâ S^al^a:.!® *&t* hcwerer,. allowed to administer the territory o f thé- Pacific Islands as an "late-? gra l partB -of it s dégaina ,as is thejoaek- ih the; majority lo r the .other ~ . ;;■■ -, 1 r. '■%■' '. '•'.' agreements;«. The reason for- Its exclusion fro®* the- Soviet. Dnieà .'Ohvj'ëotçid to the term*, :..; ë a a l lé ig n i f i '^ 'viewing th©,,-,overfall piotute o f stPategt^ $mw ... ; 'A rtic le s 8 detail , thé- adm ^8teringu authors i it ie s '' ohliiisM oaa..la thè;./tyttàt::'t$É^iiéty:Cp4;.ft i ^ th©: o.tr- 7 :'^ ;7vv 7 .' -'. ' •“"' • .. ■ o r th ,^ .Article iW ;C f ;t h e harteïtiy .Because o f the oyer*-. • whelming ^ ^ s é i t y :;|$C4pé||^ whloh.aï'é' do«- eignsd' t©;' protect thev inhabitants',ecuId eeo ily t;h:e,j^thpé4*. ,$$■■ a: !feaelt||, l̂ÿëfes&t. .̂ éP.v ©p added !. Thie le v mûrie than. li& e ly . the;; reason, ;éty. the Soviet .$$$!&*?% âÈ̂L-dMi: ‘ ô:#. "4-îï#-; 3gf!&|L|i; .e e î f ^ ô ^ ArM cl^ i Of the àgfçéffieaty <. ;Q rig i^ & ^ ^¿yèt àâ S^ntidn/ôf , ntoidépéndencQu ' sa f j â ^ d Ê - . . i h # eiher.sgrise*: ' . . ' : ■' '• \- ' ■ i ^ “ '■ meats* with tt^ 'ç£éép i0^ Samo■aH^t[ 't"' A li' - •' ■ -, h -. ■ t. «nMff" !.. . , f. %'"&&& .Articles '$■& 9 of'' thé ' Agreéfiiéat fè r thé- Territory Of the. Pact* .fié: I$$éàd#£C/v_;j; , . ,: C \.Lj: , • ■ ! Ê. Sas ghprar: ^ha!p,fe:-il:r n* |* >«,'i|i.-..", . . ' ;p-àee Articles; $».. 8..», t;»,.$> ® h f the Agroeaent fe r the le rrite ry o f thé ':#ëiçiif|ç l;eisad6(#t h ̂ • .; ' ,':V'..., . .... ...... ..,.,.. ..;.,• ' ^ - . » ttSésurity Sovmcii 'Approves Ti^ateSafaip Agreement*0. United f l ; ' :̂ r i l i j , . li& 7 l7 p i-W & ï& Q a ^ ; 'A ? t i< ^ 6 o f the Agréémônt fo'r thé Térriioyy o f the .islands' and A rtic le 4 o f the Samoan Agreement* foüpdin á ^ Í . ^ e , , ; 7 á , 0fea#èr;.«er».: '.'.. .. Signlíioáfít ;ij| :^^3Pe:/ lG ife©-:. ^ ë | ̂ tataa p £ ö ^ •• m $ m »& t ^ ;. :átii€;r: Jse55l5ê s: ; $!;. -the, United, ■■Hatiopö: accorded |n. additiôn:|, .m •• . % ! * # 8 ^ ^ : c®» ^rrter ,iivto,^^a?#t.fl, «$s&. w iîl:..eéú^re;;sroot*íavoi-ea^ ;»atio$, t ïç a ^ n ^ ■ th%..t»eV iespi-ltory*. : ïh© réaeatt ■ ■ •■ •;■'•-■■■' ■' :v■•■ "; . ■•■ ̂ ,'v . " tam td;ry.iav m m m #. é m m : _m m ïhie U for.tha, f harter a tra t^ o »,; !i... -, • : ; ; ...tíjf ía j:̂ :,app.íy,-th6 precisione; of; interim-. ' ■tierna!, eoave^tìone .a n ^ ^ ^ e n d a ^ i^ apppppriate ^ ■ -the:baeie ; ô b | é ê ^ i y e ^ . ô C . $ i ^ - ip?e®iee .«ay JM n any regiónai • ■ ■ ,,adV'iaery e e «*a 8 io n | te | ? ^ ^ i b a t e f i n t e r s tiopei :<^opepabirtn.; ; SÄfflii^r pbiigatiepa . j.VnTlJ..,.ÿ;l,-.ll;..liÉi,.i.lL Vj.̂ »lfr*»frS .-.-p; ;., VV.;¿..* I '. » ir >*•-• --.' f << > - *4 ..... ;.-..-t. ‘-;. - . ! alee 4;. ;. ¡V;;.,/.-.„J.̂ j; „«¿r ; ‘j ■-.¡■v- .'■ •;••';.:>■ ■ '•> ,,...' .c- -p- . - ,-■: ‘ pi-. ., ■' 2 See forth# ' P ac ifia ï-aiands*: . and the diftlqinstic. and Oönaular prqtaStiön gl»©n té: th© :t&üc©t territori©© when putéid© ©lie. ;tèrritqP* . ia l te ihoeteategie truftteöehip fqr; thè Içlanda o f th© .?ac:ifiô*. ,.Int©w^tiôaa|: law hap ©e. tra fo ric i ; behring. oh. ih© provi»- ■■̂3í9iB|e;_. cOnqular,, protectipft*. Witte thé exemption o f árti©i©;--.4 ift .the trusteeship ©gréetmente .föir BiRaüÖte and thè .Çidqéfeo»©* therei©.©© mention q f. :lnte0idt.idnal law# f hfts th© át0¡a#_;óf, th©, inhabitant©', qni other .pr ifteipie©;. .pa t© inte rnátionai ; Jtim are dëfiftitièiy.;,iae&lng, in the;.'©^©çment© thus fá í öonöled©d»: ' ,. ■• There, ha© beèn öo ia.an.tiqn in the', other;, ágjF©ea©nt© providing fö r the tagif^atióft which w i l l bring, tho provision©: o f the agreement, into, effect; . in the trust .territory.*; . The : the iaoiueiqft q f Artdel© . J.-Ó. ie that the agreeaqnt was hqt to, c ifttq fore© töitil, apprqted. &y1, th© Pretei* . dept and Thip tafcea into cóneideratìoft the . procèda©a ;p©^uli|©|'; to, the., Edited. st:até'© .̂; . Thq. other. agrees t à e s ^ ì ; # - . theft- ôftiÿ;,in ©..iiiaitqd ĉ ftBèr,-*. ,_■ © ^ ,ith©./©ijg^ smdtteè: -©amerò©©©* Th© àg*ee»©ftt fo r th©:. ita t e ^ a môy:. ñqt • te© a ltered* amended .or t©r»i©at©d without. th©. oòhóènt: o f thé ádminietering, .'r r r itr7-!’*':.i>'ò'.'.*;V-Ì" v ' ¿ - *. r ,* • ̂ • - ’ . • ••• • • */ •- •.- ; ■ * . .• 4. . f ì See ^ t ìè i© l ì o f the 4^©©$^$. f© f 4 o f ih© tffçjMh f ©geiâftÿ. aä^- the Ifearerqqn©* , • tte©: ^gt^isjéftt .foi?- thè ^||âftd©f 5 'lteld» Àrtici© ■ the- '■": .; ■ other ngreésecvié,^ ©4the: .' A rtiole? 0* and. . thé «ngäal; report whìoh | é , ^ ^ :ôi|;|hé .qwaétioânaî»0j' . ; foróùiated bÿ thé S r o s b ^ i ^ p e ;rM i6' v is ita t# : trust; « r i t o * * f e ; thé reoéiváhg ©f .Í> 0 ít i^ .é ft 4 ,Other iM M fte « e n bÿ'thé SenérM ..'.. Assembly ¿ u g j$ g ^ £ l& prévisions. #*.’ A rfio i# bét phiy in.;®© ad’they do-hot l* # # é r é ;4 ô . Visions the Security Solinoli là to ob ià io th a assistance éS thé Trastee* /éb% dealing . ©ociél*,. &hd The proper^eüpetvtsiéîï &!$&}'■&? a,a*é conçèrhsâ,,i$:; r é t h ô r ; in ^ béénüe<| , '^«ñí^r: authority in applying the provi* eiöftö^of The charter.: m 0 m m «P :*fr*i,,vr.frr r iVi’f.r .•■̂• ilî. il̂ î f> tV ■ ;■--- . ■ ’-..V,. “..'.• ••.•-• • ; . ! '•■ . . • : l -% íd» Árt^éié: ^ ;S a é . a j# © , f f ^ r 0,feaf>* l i i ' à* 2y P4 4 &$> À rtió ié Ô ^ ;.^péhd|x,% . ' ; ■, / ■ v " 'V ■ . ■ • the- .cvp^*^L;/-of ; ^ . ; : Threughout..^ of; ’%?> agi^ent. fop the ^o.ifi.e. I&iftndtsv the . fai^jBouirt'. iiiiejP^t : & $ . . ' : © * « * ; ' Cf the e|s^en; .¡Si&ieijba; .^ .| ^ ::..f^ iif .;^ etste o:?: at 'lecy^tv'^^ly' the avowed inten­ tion o f .Inte.rm tt^^l p^ae’e, and Beoiirity .- t h r e s h .the. '■ ■ . ■<># /feiisi;. i t .. Babin#- ■ft$*‘P\ than l^ s e ^ 'that, th#ir In. thelf; entirety fo r £eme time %p. come* ^© .Jp# ^^tanS ^re.cbent fo r Samoa. ie.perhapil the only ,'qP$: which wl'li,.ja#ieye. .the. § e e t/ ^ fln \ # ie e t ly f■ pt the t^ateeah ip syateW* that of\ Independence fo r the; ii^bttante,|: in. the; near future* ffee. p artia l , . . p - . , . . . . . . ; • • • - • . - • • ; ; • ■ ; " . ; : r ; p.""v' ■ ';.:; ■ ■ ,: ' :" 2 ' gaai that ¡of ea^governmarrt l.a; n b ^ ^ .th© pro'ce:# o f being att&io&ls?- • ..jfy. JfugBtlohja and. .ff.oWer:as of: th e ' lran teeh h in & o«fteti. .' %« .gfaeral, flamaide^feicng fh e . General;. ¿bee^ly*, oh:; feaember, J&* _ '%%$&£■..$$hpt$d. d . rbeo.lut.lha. .by. Which the. JE^bteeahlj». ''®felteh . Watipna^. ■ B tablt^^en t^f; ,10$; la st ma|or brgan.'of. t.he t'r.itel1 Natipne would not have ;hccu;rfed at th ia time i f It. had; not be#o t$r the ■ ,0 Shited Matlons WeClgiyBulIgtim U t 19*7)» m %&¥''''■ 2 See . In fra ]V m& 102-104*' .■ ' . " ..... 5 »^fntstee.ahlb Qounbii ' $brmei., n Ohltad ;1 tSwb^ESiP 24 j. 1^4^).*; 3e.e alee A rtic le 7 * Appendi* W* ^ r ¡ ^ . .  f ë ë ^ ; 1^ G$ner4. A eô^ ly iíi%ct^^tHf 1 ta :pm*P$ , . .' •• -V.- ■ : " ■; ■•'• ■■'■••; .'%■ ■ ■; :’■ ■' . ' .' ; • ■- . ■• ■ '■ :n ^ fha. çieatiiîg;t, i f . , ■ ,8i^ßli|ad-:a.;Tïfevr-©«* «©tghty ?W ' t h è ; fhe.. é ^ M : thè..Articles o f thè Charter ' fártiihSng:/,t? hôr^ôeïf^governlT^'^ pf th© truet- térritorie© hfie been a 4iffteu|:t. I0k- **. attèstèi : foMöwing tMs-^hapte^. ; fhe, f% hëësh^. , ; f  3 è % f ^ e r j3̂ ;..,: of the ^ étatee* OaunèU > rh ì^ m :n m m »- C-©hérai A é^h ly . •. ,hô:iüt̂ Oh ,é& thr. £Ë0(& tfèèh_ &&:0É0§&-'Í$Ñ: . thoif fart 0 -® m , th ^ m m ^ ìx ^ ■. i,' S• t- 0rihg• ,f^.'ö•; r' 3":•^.h...h.t. ..a... ”*:**"* '• •'•è. ;,. >.-. ‘.''-’-#--.v‘’"V i•' ' ' r‘ '. " %" ' ' ; •',è■"• .••' ■•'f ..' ., . .. '&*.*’:*. '• . ter.ëët.3 .p.f ihè/ l^tltp tlV 'Ó f,thè. ''- ""'.i Z;'1’- ' ’ .. th©:v Jf ip ia l i^èrftètf of. ©ith$r thè great .powers*. ‘ . ' ' ' '¿: to Hp;l¿ F.i-íát ̂ SOhsk»* • g a ite à .^ la fife Weekly ßuHeMa» Î Ï (February p* 10ó* m ■ : ; -Qa: J>eôôj^éj£ föRöPäl v^#&^b^% la ;QC:co?4^«;ö: Wii-h A rti* old 86 o f the. Ohartery elected Kexico and ïr^q as non^adainistefing bars to thè ^íqí̂ :5. i t .uàe;, nedesdary to: hasp the equ ili­ brium ba-tif#Cn the a ^ ^ iq ta r in g aad noa*a.dral^iateriag. pd?/af è» The .orge* - nitettehj. . t h e ; » . tìce- ■. from -.¡É#jîfch. Ap|Sápí^b| ̂wuô/ r0qüiredv.tö éteqt two; inpra maBbe¿e- be* - ■oquaO. thè idg. pOwéra/;mr.ç. induced/te.fpuP by the United .̂ t̂ iìî âi;■,:, ÍŜ ĉ nftl3Fî ; jpôwër«• J$b¡f: #dçu$:bç .$£ the oljàOtión . . held on Jíoyeisber brought, the Phìllpp-inaa and ©data- Rica lato . . ' ■ - - • ■ ' ■ i;- '-y!; r V ' . r : ;: ' ■•' ' #. ''■thé, TruBtaOship _ GoCíiCil thUö.; b.^ngteg the, pT^aci^tioh t:q f a l l . btfengthy ’ pótinciì ôaaîôtô in tea^i pg. . p u t '. 9$, tee.^ iM d ©qttete:\’te ^regard •. t©. ô;•.%-̂ ü■̂Sti, . ■eí|sl̂ '.>' ! W^; í st t í r . , ..aida- the Security ©pteciL ■fe. the etesà^tedf. ': ï ._. .;:..vliltexiotaiëahte Obunoil Formed«* |.. . 2b i '.■"'',.'7 y?,’ . 2 Sea.. Appendix. !.. te? ,9oapoaition o f the Truotôëàhlp ©.ptecil-f., ’ . 5 , « "Philippines* Ooôta Rica Elected to Trueteaahip Council, w ©hlted..,l^ldte.Jeè&^ J1X (November $% 10$$$ py, 688y, • «Mofe-*.. i Jf&.. -i*e$»g ; t$9$* •. $$£* $$&!>&. sffe$ft$* are aäz5ir^.0t«Tö4 ;açooç.4i^. to the prinelp|a:é.^i$ aftdi that in - the t ^ ^ t /agfee^ehth: covering; :. iô̂ esîi .•'jv['._ . ; : . ■ -I ■><“ '■ . ...., .<*f . .t ^ ̂ ^ptétesihip üounci has,,one ,qua^i f te& P&tppfi-,*®7* ■ w^ô, is- en title i to one, vote* ^estion a nr®:; t® ■, . ^he' niew^er^'.-^rga^it é^á,irpti|ig öhd at • ‘ .......... .. ' '''" ' . 2 1 g o yeá^f ;pi^ ̂in:,#ppip; ep«! '•' thè; other -ih _;îîpye^Mr;*, pny; Bestión .h^pg.':pe rm i ttè t ; to adjourn temprar*--.... ily ; and .feswftt ità,œe|$inge; at pF'later .date#-., Sessions, 4Ta/vheld â t . thè , / . ' téat p f, the.. Un i^d Ha^ione. ôr/e-ieewhere.. ïf. the. öoifhcii ,ào; .depirpa» and special sessions. may. be ealièS. by a,, âeèiéicm. o f the frueieeship- Qomciì -• ^ -v--;:-v-vy ! y ’ :■ .y -;y :" y; f '•' -.; $ f by request o f the general, Assembly or the Security Council» , .,v .,S>¿íPa í 4 bé£* ..i^^^.^he'jàièilög Sëp;retà;^^ëùe,ra;i-, tj^ènktiéd ; the prpvloior^i, agenda ^à|A ié^ iôn ..§jp;,fh«: iprö®fef||thip> 'i;.|e©; Afticlés 3? k 85*- ,%pee#k -0| See ais® infra, Qhep* ÌÌ*-*k 2>t p*, i - i c ^ y .... ‘ ,:. ..;£*. iiy.ayd n. - 1 p.r 1 1 2 . _'., ., "y / . ' ,. .v',,,..;, . 2 See AH ielee B6 & 69* Appendix ©j See also Rule 50 o f of P:ecteiBÌflî i.fér.~’,tte .--^ ^ t fb p s M éf-Ì!^ f ’f/i/Revieed Rules o f prock^èfe),'. y, . “ ■ ,$:#&& Ralep & Jf '0 khë-;J’f-m’èteehhip öpohcil *s Jtulesj ®-f Prope*- dure«' ,. ,. ..... ./...', .... h Téárboeic o f ì946*A7« bP»oìt^ >, p* 5Tf$ Sé® alpe Rulé Ä S s s s B s s s Ä a its iB S Ä s a e a e i aÄM Bssaaea vj&§ the. adoption' :p rCcedure. and ■ the; fqr^jation öf cueQtioraaaireö to eMr the a&aiife in. äubjaittliig its . g«,' ■. Rules of Procedure ‘ / .Aî ipXe. givec; ̂ h©; .l^b^e^ship: :Göuncil the pä-vef?- to Ihyadoptipg 'their ..rules'tbe Göunöli was ai&fd. fcy. tbss ib r^ la ted^^ . Öpü£̂ aä;|6n, pf ■ to the Council at its, bijenln^’ floSBipn and; in addition -the Soor^tärlst ' had " " "■"'J v:; ; i ;/:""-i - ' ' .' ’ . .............'. ‘ ■•'■." prepared several r.Syt#ib»s$.. •’•3* X Other itesm on the "agenda were? the opening of the Session by the Seeretary«General?( adoption of the agenda? report by the Seeret&ryMitenefal 3Oih credentials? ejection of the president end Vice President? fo..rauiatj$i bf Questionnaires on the political, economic, social and educational ad« vancesent of the inhabitants of each trust territory in accordance with Article 86 of the Charter? consideration of such petitions concerning trust territorials aa may have been presented; consideration of any reports which aay be tranemittedby; administering authorities, including the re*» .peris concerning the years ij?$l to 19^6' inpiu.aivea. on the mandated .torrid tory of Western Samoâ transmitted by the government cf New Zealand? con« oideration of relations between the iPrueteeship Council on the one hand* and the ¡Economic and‘ Social Council and the specialised agencies on the other,,'as envisaged in Ariiplh 91 of the Charter; consideration, within the competence of „the ?rue£esehip Council* of arty items proposed by any ©ember of .the United Nations? oehedulhd o f future sessions qf the Council apd program? of future work, including arrangements for visits to trust w ... v «"Agenda of Trusteeship Council.* United Rations Weekly Bulletin» ER ""(April 1* 19^7) r ppi $09~310> See, also Rule 9 of the. Trusteeship Council's Kalos of Procedure which provides‘for the Council1a agenda* ' . yv, y. . . . ," . ■..-? franaaiaaion of Prcvihlohal Rule? of ihrocodgre _of. t f t ä •. Council ac Formulated-for the Preparatory Coamisoion, United Nations Doc* No#' f/X* 19A?, p* 2} See alec Department of State Publication No* 2£fy0* ■ . ^ ^ r:-a^r^í&íi alsost ontïrsîy; to t&ë .;|i^a3ÇS »̂r.,̂ j^^j«r«w4»a.a»¿^.- ra la » .öf jxr^ö^r^^J.Tte comfeti -m ü m %o;. .*#.. m *?. *>.j» ä tk ;wá.f. ^eossóá^r.. fp; hftvá.th© fu*«d ia ^ ^ lja g : >$£$£ ; a.® soon sa ot^e'r- ^ tçh wars m® .SSKoa;andtha -oth©.?. tm&t P&.. m ^m m . , ;%&. .;&• «öarljr the m .- e f ^ ^ iö n fn ,^ | | . 28* iS>%* ' fcfc.^ë Jfe* Òf thle t^e. 10?. $raöl? ' - ; . . . %ê; tu le^ o f .p .ï.^ t ^ ^ s s tfeéÿ: i^iömsnt, 6$a&. . öf.;ths^ mm .. *H4ée. té. go?éff th^. #^arii?a^^n &ui' p f t$«? bu.eiiiseé óí? *h$: : >0oém iivM , Hfp. tòééf .# , m m&i*l répérté and t h g i f ^ ^ Aöß^ly>. thë hapdïing Sf petlt^Otté^ sad "ih thè f ööäööfc P í ;-p$r*tt¿J& Visita, ta thé trust .. \% m m & m m hf thé ^ aS flo tm tre Altîi&ô1g}3.tiis .$âtiâ$i3$ô; sóst tâfk âufing/the. fitst--/eéisioft ■ ■ " ' " •'......... . -Í ■ ■'•■ ' ........ ...... ■■" ...... ;*■ - ■ •■ was m the ;f9|ító|fti9%' .W . M f. P f9e:$düré.>. dtj^r-pre* biefnö òf |ap$rtj$$^ -, ?hé ótheí mais -considèf àtida, was ". ' ì '’Truateeôhiÿ 0owàç.i| 0enel;uôwer,.in the . that i© . to ü ï^ .^ .© ^ e © t| p ^ ^ which •■âàtiç. j t t e s . - Itm , by. thé <5©ynodd at its. own. diacrotioö and at ■;̂ a e t :©i?i.30Phth8! % £?*>-th©... j|?©|eptati©n. o f ,^.;©ctótüa|.; report* . Shoe© .Qüédtló^irfB : Ä ©i...ittf}däS^ fc * th©, ftinotipßing o f th© , to .t*>e. ;éthôr.;ïtaactionà t% .;^st© © fh % Q é ^ c ^ isarpiéá.-twat t»d#.í m f Ü # , ■ ■ ■ ' ' ’ ‘ ■ ........ •' ' y- ; • ' 1 t i ■- • . v ■ . epnéider th© ŝ .̂-«isiaeiNwp 5 '■' : - ,. . . . -, . ta rla **/ A model .''(iueet'fonmir©.*, drawn up by the. CpÂB'ttté© .̂ pönsistöd; Òf •■ ■ ' ' ■' ' ' '. • t - •■:' ‘ 'tèf^'and. in. the, tne.^uoatioïmaite.» ̂with ©êv- . % ir n m m ^ *© thé^admiiii.pteÿing authorîttea . / ' ' ; '. ; • < '.- ■. ;- ' 1 v . ' •' - V 'V . ■’ •:■. v 3 ■ ,. ■ - , ;';■ :-S '.  Artidi©© m & 88, 4PPôndii 0 and/Rule© q f the Rules 0 Pm & m * , . . . . . v w - , , ,.. •ï ^ p r© ^ © ;á¡ÍÓny * tteitèâ ffgê§3& . M M IS á * ï * vtoeii* M r 89 té aid them ^ footingJ & e ir f ir s t annual reporta» with the understanding that i t would bo revised at the fa l l eeseioh o f the Oounôil and i f nedes* Sary, adapted to. speeiflO. tfU çi tepritoHaè:* HOwévér» at the f a l l session the |x^ia|o3EBal questiormaire was o il 11 in user, and as the f i r s t annual rep. o.. rts w• are Sub■ m■■■• itt• ed too late fo r discussion‘ during the f ir s t h a lf Of 2 the f a l l ièssion*. consideration o f . its . revision was out o f the question, ■ the protisiO m l questionnaire consists Of 2&7 .questions divided Into ' TV.^ " 5 tU0ive^;^ti0ha^;»Atb nupierous ;aub^:SéotionQ* the .s ta tis tic a l. appendix 1$ also Of importance and ,indX#oe tables showing informbtixHii on thé popula* . tien fo r the .la.st. ,iivayear0»v the ^adainisti^tiVe structure o f governments justice said pëna|. finances. iéJiçaiion:*. trade»: enter* . pr i ses .■■esâô;..Ifcn̂iiî jSftL.; .production^ late*» tost o f 4 'living#, public: health». ; and.. .education, i n t b e trust b ê l^ to rie s * , This w i l l g f^ t h a Trusteeship Council additional information which Is; needed V . l ^^steeshii>- Councilgonoludes,First le s io n ," bnited .Nations. W eê^ ;:,|uliétin^ .l l (May 6, 1 .... ,■ ' : 2. .̂ ...'..,.4; ^TrUetéèShis Council to. V is it East, Africa»:;0 bnttod.-^ateionn Weekly Bulletin » 121 (December 9, 1947)* p» 772# However defin ite plane are being iDads'for it s modiMdation at a future date*: See .Infra.«. Chao# 222». n* 2 j . p;f; 255,. .... . 5 The main sections o f the provisional questionnaire cover the follow ­ ing subjects * a b rie f introductory descriptive aeotîon» status o f the territory and it s inhabitants, international and regional re lation s, in­ ternational peace and security and maintenance o f law, and order, p o lit ic a l, social » and educational advancement, publications», research, suggestions and recbnanendations, and summary and conclusions*^ See Trusteeship Council Provisional Questionnaire, United ¡Bâtions, Dooi/ 8D,. T/44, 1947». pp, 5-1? i 4 Ib id ,, p p » 15*17* a ^ . beOáuee the raandaté- .ey-ôteia broke down iji*-,W W ^ é û % ! « © ' ’■ö-f; , ; g ^ í 5 - ¿ í í i i < i i ^ . ^ b t » : - . ■- _ Pégard tö; thè f è ^ a t Ik r thè. ;;aáto^;at^pÍhS‘- autherltieq .to^iholudO' appleé' Of an# pah|d#tiqni;^: :a»á. PegÓÍetle.na issued b# ; thé lodai ' ädMälö*' t ^ t lo n or the itótì^pdliben ..gOvertiinent; with .respedi. to the trust te rp î* 1 toíieé»; ílh&pe.. &$-$» dOptt that the' ? ^ :Qteeehi;5.. l| 1** dappying: out thdi5' 'fidisi: done bjr thè Permanent . . ' %.:45jifeítiierj|Ĵ ,̂- inforaat ion- and " ■euggOetton$ fida' the Ecohaale énd :Sööiai 0et«ïb;ii as w ell es fro® thé epe* ...... - g ■/'■'lv - ' ■-■•:■ ■■"■■■ " " " ' " " \ ' ï ' . líJceJ# b©- madé; thpough the opper#- lehde gained by the eatheiitieq In preparing the f i r s t ’ áámí&l; fSj^ptò. i f ifyevfoà^psi AsOPiMifö '• . Annual Reporté o f thé Adm inistering Authority • Of the t^hahi^nt ;:$á4©-'; . fh© .T^éteôëhlp;,,toándíi ..lé , .given, the power under: . AptlOie- 8| to exanine the .anonaipeports .rahMtted. ......................i: 2 .5 See- Article $&■;#■# 'thOxlfhe^e^ Appendix .0:*' tó the $08#f ja,I Aàëjtoblÿ- by the: Eéeh Report iö to be eént to the S e tï^ a ry  ^ ^ ré i: within four ffiontha after- the tonïiina^ tióíí,otf the year to « h iç b i t .refere'ehd. th^:.f?^teöph4p Qe»paüi| i.s to. eenei#f%thô. ÿôph rt;^ the fin g t r e b la r .eesgiöttj- y rçy id ed e ir weeke have -elepi|ì4 èìnoe. reeeipt .-<íf . th© .report-. by the, S e h ré tô iy ^ ^ ï^ î^ . fheèe t$~ porte |pjp.'ta-.-té;' tinhiiafhbe& to the aieöbere o f the Qoijneil without delay '' V " "% • "'........................" ■"'■'• bo ae to: expedite t h e i r ' , . : , The :ie..entitled;.to.. degigrigte ôn<î have greëent a special .«epreeeñtatlva, ̂ duf in&the; exaai^tihö , O f the,,report*- T here* who. f a to be. *?%%■ |#orme4;,on th0vteffì;tò:?y'. im.olyad*.:-1®^ • participate and -.dlMúpeioo o f the:..rQpçrt:i, bot ie .not. - allowed to vote nor contribute to. the fim i. eenOlueiOne oofeeerning the à " ' '■" .̂...'--'■ :’-■ •■■■;'-■■ ■■■ ' y ■ ■■’ ' em ^im tion*-. th ie -, g ron dare $# doeigr#4 to enable the ■ tiÿe. tó it^héár; p ig r ify apy irÆôraatieh-- .In..’the- report that ;i,ö haey- Or In* eoneloeiye.* fhe aeSbers o f ;t|ó::0|^ei|, Ä -% # e 0 c itf .;̂ É in a xaore favorable petition ̂ |n .for^ìatlns'.. thé. ¡$ 0 r V greéented ..nb&felly,... to; .the- -ifcamfaf AaMembly which -10010000 - ensñg other thlnge: anam uat re«* " v ' " ‘..' ' . '#■ : V ' "- - Slngn .-apnagl. repôrtç^;ha4;mt7 been, -pee;e|yet. Nations mandate fo t Western ^áO a,fór:.m - :yaàra; WP&, # ; . ! $ & tp i ^ ià p m - . Bow Zealand |Vi^ ^ # è to display thè : m m di d mé, Zealand*- ., *M&fc the report was not nsèeesar» i ly fo^ tho. other adminletering powers ta f f ü ^ .ai^.OQ^aittly;belgëd th e 'â fa ft p s è j f h i p n ^ßm - . , :, ,im (^öryi^pprta:/but: m .^ # t b e d by th#' Union .Of 5ôpth,A^^a.fèt/thS: f o j^ r mándatéd territory, o f Southwpöt A f^ea*- îha .S p h p re k A S II^ y ,:^ fruatèëehip ■ , / . . . . . . % ■ ' ; Girano i l and -asked fo r ita rèôoôœrêndatlona' on the matter*- . . . . . ■■■ i . • • ' V . ’ .ïj < g ■ ; . , ., ; i-,. • ... » I''.- :: " " :|y| M ^ h i p _ g c ^ ^ Im à k Sètiohl- «a » * _ . ®°4 -.V .-' -.-f. i > . •■•■- ';-~.?-v. . . . . .. ,.. . ... _ ;'s>- '.4v '. , J , _ • • i , • . - 2 -■ » "trusteeship Gounoií to Hold ? irst Session*” United Nations N eéfeir^i:iétin¿ p«: io » , ; .. 8èèpórt pö • toWthwè st"'' Aif¿ isa 'ffeld loddí^íle tif- fffrläptlfor - I f -(jattuary 4¿ l£48)j p. 52, v ' '■' aouthweat t r u ^ b a rr ito «^ t h e r e f o r ^ , » Had fto authority $#£?$*:• N&' ’̂ ' A¡3áeably.: had atiijh#ri2ad,. ^ -*0 4 # ., m i m . ,% * P’m i« ' ■ry • • ••. ' 'S , ■ . ; _ . ” • W ^ * $ 0 è ë . M ¥ b . ^ Hide* . j€ ^ ^ í^ r̂ te .i,tô ̂ ^sa^tdoR a; at; %te n e ^ e p e io a e f . - H # ly r?nac.^ a| ;^ d ; l^alfad arid Aue***» lia .fbfvfcjfeê»;,̂ ;^feDtiaö:;;9f.̂ ataya; 8ap*a.,$$£ Rew CNiaeaà gyeh. thopgh both . azû ial..,;|d3?d̂ t.:.'.Had> haa» repeiyed '-H^ber the. Royeabè* eeeeioh >wgue.- 'uî '̂ tfôÿ,*.. . 1 " " ' , ' " ’... ’ . / v '" " ' ' ' ' % ' ” ............ .' ' ' ' " : " ' : ’"■* ■= 7 " ~ ■. thë Odupodl dëbd#4 *à corœidôr thef*, Reth reports had he©n fe<^lyëd: later ■̂ r i..irii;.' » .,;il ^rÿr'r» ryr;-*'>.^‘ ■• •-■< m ^ 2 y *>* 255. than- m k the customary rule ¿-but. this «aer escduisable' ainee.th© proffsiohal questionnaires w©s?e net s ^ t # t -0̂ '' the d^xatcili* , • ‘ the; tttC annual neperis- - w^n i t wa;s to. reaped the. &$m&: #^o'i©&' ootii’ etoiisaiiae- in f&x&m.' sryr Final ;CBT»:iiibtati:Ott; ̂ r Me&tfe*, me# st th®:' s<̂ :<»xd paii; di ■; . fh$:'0iSfUiabi|:%, euperfrisfan pi 'the. . p f ' |hpi: :tiu$b tefcr-i-*" the- iahv and t^pji|^^ttpnS:. made- ofi ihehn&ie o f . : reports. is, becoming.' ' impottshi ffcem tht 'Standpoint ■ of making tQ©: t:̂ at^Bhlp;; . ¿^though .., ,..., , ■ *.. _;•;■■•■ ■.•• ■'■ '*■ '̂■■■■' ; ■ j •’ ' ' ; " ' ' '■'''. \. ,, \ the Truste^hip; ;GpU^ its third hnen'ot the ekne at: its fourth, deeiion ’ip? which' five. .SnptJS:_X. P#i# ..Sxaaoihei*: _ . 1 SfO •Stale’ 72 o f the Bulea o f Pradedurh* ..... ......., . . .;' .2 Bm ffaSl^fea.4io'.i^Uh^^ Second gOaoicift* Second " Part from the JM rty^flfth . Meeting'lIQ^mr'chi 19^Q) * tfedted Natioab Bo &ir, l f t f e» The annual report fo r the trust territo ry o f itew Guinea was not fin a lly considered until the Trusteeship Council’ s th ird session* See Trusteeship Council O ffic ia l Records third Session Supplement» United Nations Doe* Ifp* T/$^7* 15fh8* pp'i 4-48;*,y ., . , . .''.:. v , . '.' '\.:: 'a.\[. .•;•«. ;7 . . ,:'■ :5?:Sc©̂ Q ffid ia l '.R SC oM e^ F irs t ' &eehlihr;W & jh h e r ^ Mifcgit Nations Itoo,»» iffiSt See’ also ' ' v ^Xmpo.r.'tant kssube before’ the Trusteeship Counoil,n United Nations Bulletin* 71 {January 1^*19*f9)i ?*; 88$ The annual , reports exemined were, for British^ and Frenoh Oaaercbns»’ B ritish and French Togplaqd, end Western Sazsoa; This marked the second annual report from Samoa and,̂ wap therefore, especially sign ificant fo r i t enabled the Council tp dote rain© to what extent” It s ‘recommendations were being fplllliwl# in the trust territo ry* See In fra a Chap* I I , yu 2,p*; 105 i 'I ■ t fw ies '^#Í0; ¿évo tody1 to- the 46̂ é̂ : o.áPt' to approCS the fu los : o% petitions as eden -as possible bèçaùôô: tjm m 5fg*& St ntäpäööi o f awMtïng ' tfeç ’ Öölmöii iùpón thé Owning: pf its . ... ; . . . ^ . :,-̂ y-.•■• - ■ ■ : -■ _ ' _■■■■■■ . ; ■_■ ■■■■ ; : ‘- ■ - , fiiis t SoSsion.f.- • t h f la rgest s&$j$?iaé$' .-t&o; jfcuiéé -of .fupocéduré. la general, the öownoil can accept and oHaaino pétitions i f they 'tra c t . té fr i tò flée. .or.. ‘the.. opération. o f ŝèk--. àyatôffii»; F̂op:.ç?àBipi;ô|;. the. petition foque,st# o-f.:the ■ p o l^ -, regione,: j*as-thrown;;.00%. bccaaso i t ’ . . ' ■ ‘ : ■ ' " ' . ’ : ' , . ' ■’ 1 . ■' ' & ' . . ; ’ ; , • \ . .#SÉ »P t :pért%in 'to, tifa; :ÍruátQgáí$p. :Systém;ÿ ■ ■ «.tiJnSt/isS. thé petition préoOnt^á by Pôàçpfning a-tfibé^^f-h& tlvéé* the %r§p>8i •pf who-do. not.'want 'ähnö^tiöä. to.' tKc^:Ôhîon o f 5oyth À £|t§^t«t requogtbélng brought vttiàervfehe truatçôéhip System» «an not . ■ 4 Considered bé§a.ùse Southwest .AFriót «o t 0. trust •petitions' ..'f. . . ¡ g g $ %. . .... ......... . - % ......v,.y?-Àigënda. 'Of r ̂ feastasshit Council«* I l {A p ril 1, lp4?)# p* For additional background ra te ria l on South«, tfOst âfrîôa» Cos supra, Chap* I I » ppv 92»9^> & in fra . Öfcap* I I #pp*ll8 fr JIJ?. 'É c ic ltì /Studios,.fotitiohs» T*-’ ‘ .ÌìÌ^À«àÌl «̂Ì. %t:.*. . Ütäfo&i , 4 J.. Sardón Kin-. "Libaration Limi tack11 gha. Hâtions (i-ToVoinber 8 . * « * $ » ...........;.. .- . ■ taay be pràsetìtè.à' frora wiihiri òr frba óu-tsid©’''© trust tó rrito iy and òan bé .arai ò.r vfrtttea» ,. Jt©. petttlptóò^fay: bs^sufejaittòò; tè . thè Secr<^a^*geàeral dì'fèetly o r thròìifh iftf.. ̂liibh '©£,.. .vtìthaut- cbzffigeàtB^ Rèprdòè^stl^àiiÒ^^th®, .fruoiésehip, dièunòit, ;é&». sec.èpt- ;writ^ri,petitio:hb: wbtìe. :#B^àged ,:in y É f l t é : , , i ? pér^tsptpft :0tP9:, ^òunòil . - ha£':t®«n ^ t a | a © à . n i i & w i t h Tpgppé. t© per' tl'tione.;/ ;0rou|.. .pòtlti^ìs, j&iy. .&ìgc>: ’b®, rsóeì5fe4.;P ^ i.4 ò4 • a.- :PM^0^fP?ì ;%TP-.- $<>:. ;éò®ò;. under -thè $ M £ ^é{Ì$ l té|| .... . t .̂on ,p.f. % p®tit!ien/Qe'.^eS' dóiie, in thè .èasà /©f ••'thè. p:eti$ion, p^ésented' bjr tbe..l^ .p6èpi$ è f ; Fenòli .andM itish fpgftr ■ V-. ' .2 - ';...T ' ' '■ '...........-v^:-:- .̂v-‘- ■•■'■■■■•■' ' l-:-ì .-• ^ land*.. &p ftìrtfce*:. à s s ^ é , t h è .ir^tìMÌf. 'ip r it i1. Pi' - . psMtiona*: ., :fl?à4éi-; th&t ;the^a^^^èteripg; é»*^òf^^::5^^ri3ie424. por è than ..ìlkeiy ■dt#4«(g. ,#©^jS^ticòi © i pptitiònefe i. ■ „•«> • ■•! v ’ . i 0j'7§t .'!$f,.$$k- $$?■-. :^ì©9;:ò f pròòe'à^^' •2:.JSeò;%l® òf• thè- J^ìep ;oi frQòèdui&i # # aio© jnirfe'y .Man»' il. a .2 ,» m -W .U r.V,-» yr^ .-iZ , ; , ■* ' ’ '' ■ ' ■ ' ' ''^ ^ ^ ' § -f$$ ftì|s § 2 itole#' òrf . ̂ ïisè-- ’íPÍ*' ',|o©̂'É.€iôïïrei'« theCotìnOiii pro# yàded for.the appoint## - -di •$£. ’ JSÎ 'hòfr~ # # itté e oh j^t|bdçn|: # tì#er%-. tefeó;,|l preiiJh l# ^.'^ ,# # »# on the agenda u t thlfö'ba- .gi#$ag e i í^^h,:®í ^Í;ósb¿ ïhip^prooednre w ill# ?© the G aso il venab le ; . - v.:' .'/"."‘“Y ..--■•’*í? v •■;■•:y -:Y ; ■ ; " ; .y ; '■”■ :|y . time /fer nearly éi||, petitions .et thi-e binai' ' '. 1# eK#iriing the ;pQtAtione;#$!&#ib # rln g -tire t i^ëtorty thë atëd à gtmemi e# proy^ianai petition program tìnti;! t#"'iru$ee ^^etiisg'. te petitions, were s# p tò ii;. ;'Burin¿ '. the . .eepèion twentj^thte© pe* tibidnö ;ipQâ;- #ernian aû4!/|:tal|fn. ##<|#be or lenser ###aita-. of 1#gäh* yüiâ -were .examined-* Jn a l l the en petìtione tho plea advaneed woe to be rp te ^ te- Sp^anyi&a p r'tp r#pih' there- nether than -be'- t# # # tó\-#?#hy}ói; .lta&;y§¡ .. petitipnere-. jelled-, the, ’;bóv##ÌPSf: y«no j& äs y âatnÿing out ite plan of déportât ion*- ïhe Council aeked thp, B ritish re - no#: h # t no. j^napnox.̂ uid^ í>é é*ó|h#pdv iï^.̂ fangenÿdilfia-. #|e|p?; On the . aiijty- h # # of. óyi#at|#Ò| .p&i, :̂ Sùaià̂ #̂ . 4#tdpd that- -hp ■ ' ’ ■ '- ■ 'ft' . nôtioh..#ni<| te ;,te#n.;a t ; that, ,t#e^? ^ i# # r:net|oh w àst^on: • in. tho f á l í , the;.:te4ueBt te' roto# tô t 1 1 Seo Bwle 90 of the Rulep Of Procédure* ;'_ ̂ ; ¿y.,' .-*"Petitions fron îanganylka Examined, ° United gâtions Weekly INl|etirm>ál: $ # r ii ' W & . :ipà ‘4$5̂ '5̂ j. Géunèil Concluda© E irst Session»“ United )%tioae. Efopfriy b u lle tin * i l , #&r % pp* ■ ■ '■" ■ ¡E8SÜ1SMSU5! w m i|M P ^)» i.im “ j» '' ■ Tanganyika and (the British Ooaeroons.» The sub^committee on petitions ; .policy approved on, the f i r s t ', a ,fa r different mtnre,:':was’/:t.he ona^ffeoant^d , ;gpnf^r(an • ., c „ ■ ^ ; . ; , j . , v .sj. . . , , , , ; . lV l .; V , . . . ..... ’̂ ' pr^oedufe«, The .reason'f/o -"i'f the, divergence o f opinion1 '■ ' V-j ','.;̂ \;>7-;!''..f -i- ' : 'v''ij'y'- V V :':T'^ ‘VV '•'...-'i- r> '- i'V^ ' i - -"/■' v?; ' ' J?;v « •••' , ... -vl ’’ '’*' '''̂ (%\ ‘ ■*:' !"'>V ''V̂.*\‘;‘‘ $. '■ $V>^’' \§ *fV1 *'#. ’*$.r' ..-.' ■ until a representative could arrive from JSweland* This marks the f i r s t . !j_; v.,< 11 1 .... r« "Trusteeship"Mission to, Visit Beet Africa,»v Chlte& Nations Weekly Bulletin » U l ¿ te e m U r 9* 1947), ?♦ 772» 2 ; 1 i ̂ Trusteeship Council gfiniige, PetitICney.* United l?etione:,Week!V if 111 (De<5;eraber g , 1947), p* .729; For a Map o f the Area» See »"iho People o f Ewpiand»;0' K 19-47), ........ * # S * ' 'm M m , Wk (Ooctttber. 2 , 1.947)* 729^ ■ ■ ■ v it' & petitioner ha# appeared before. the Uouaeii in person* paying ;;.. it 5 . , . ®h© iit©.ti ,̂,.. i ^ p a © f f i y e d . ;dh Become- "bef 8,, |$>47> .axi4i Ih© immediately -to. thf dieotiaeioft -of' th© ©^■|!hab; '.tseBe^fthe papi the ^©rciiuae^ &an^t3'.r' ; " \ ; " ’ "' •"' % ' " " ' ■' . ; " .. done, in; tb© baae;,bf . with th© .b^akdbwn-r.af _ . 0 0 ^ 0 0 ^ and: ■ ©uiyttral . fe ll© ih±8;.,d^d,'noi 48 .©& J & | f . b a d _ . .Sw»' pbgpi© Co^ie^iiiiig the d©yaiopiBent ‘% uif^it,■a^^b©d;;^hat ;$h©.;;00t-;00ldiJ^ ^ ^ ;$© the;.. fogplanb, irutet. ^ $ 0$$%$%$: is t© $©&© .pla©©- 3^©:;to-'rtH n? ŷf'< •,....¡,’jPs¥,25s ». nad n* 1, . p • 259• .̂... . vn ..... ,...,., . v. . . (. t ”,'■ ....,. 2 »^Measures iafeen to Aid Ewe Feople," United flfationa B u lletin * m t im m r u * ♦ ^ -. ■", ; and art. ,Q« proposed, , ' . thp,; ( . :̂ tefe|SfS!fêq0Gi. to: the ■ .;, .,’ . i i i p . . th fg g .$ v e | § 0 # $ ^ b y ; i^ , . :the/$$0 ,thet d e a l i n g ' , _ f h e . . • w h i c h ; « a # ; ;:: .'•■• passed. ty-the ;,0:i|iuw?|i . ;I:. What |p#: ^ape^. ;^4,.3|il||^i intend d0ing.wil|:, no;doubt . ' o f A frica ’ s future p o litica l developmnt fo r corn time to com* But s t i l l . i0b#et&£ the -. . '**3̂. 4e#|ot^.;pf,‘her- .posit' •. tioa who» it corns to giving up any, sovereignty in ops o f her colonies* Perhaps the m at sign ificant petition received by the Council was that from, the, leaders* and representative a o f Western $ama which was drawn to.. o ff^tive.iy . ifirpiempt the -of ■ the • .the petitipnara 1# that Sama he granted self-government* 2*, that Itew Zealand Set as proteotor and advisor t$ Same in the Capacity as Hyland is to Tonga* and ••^T^Fora complete dieeueeion o f National ioa in test, A frica set Vernon MoKsy3 ttHations Ilsea in B ritish West A frica »0 foreign Policy jteao-rtsi XXIV l i e # ! -V ■ =.;r;.v.-;-.:!-.r.v;--.-'.--;:;^/V'a '̂-:-:?. ..-.■ Samoan group enforced by, the three powers (Germany*, Great Britain-,, an# the United’ States)' in th^paot uithOut;:- '%$&; toOfyiL sent o f tho Samoans be le f t ’in abeyance un til a meeting Joouljj èession ;̂ 3ds:e i^:#iel>-;th%#^®ab4r mission feaé, created for’ the purpose o f viewing; t/ëatârn Sàmea during the summer o f éO « 0/ to » 0*0 .fu lly '. ' ' ■ ' ■ ; . ' ■ " v v : ; v 7 . - ■ 7/ 7' determine; the needs o f the inhabitants^ The third point o f the petition raised avery whichWe a^éïar^.to- th d t found thé .Jh$& ■ j^ titio & fe , the Edited States?. had: obtained Eastern .Samoa by a treaty ioignëd ■" , ■ . 7 ....^ v . =■•!' , .- ■«ith #l?e$b .BfitaiO the same treaty rp* that t^Srïfeîi., Zeeland;has..■adî*ihi®tf^ the te rrito ry * 0$%$?. && a mandate ■ B .̂'àu;6e,% |iy t o .deal. with th e ti% th ird part, -of - . . . , . J:'..;.'-,;.,-/-., , ' ' . ! • ' • ' . / * • ■'*.•• • ’ .. do a resu lt Of the Gounoil*s entions in the Samoan petition* other messnreai ,-̂ »fi?;, . . ' ' ̂■ I »"trusteeship Octmôil Géïieiudôô f& fp t Weekly Bulletin-» I l (Hay ëp 1 9 ^ }», p<* 483.« y ù - % Î ^ i , , .. •. - . ,. ,, :,,, ,.,,. ,... 3 fo r a comploté Report* See Joseph Waldo Eliseon* “the Partition o f Samoa); k Study in laperialiam and binlottaoytf|fe’.^si:fiO ; Bistoricajl; Review^- è See Infra* Ghap«; £i*; p* . ■ 103 , t m . /j&esiohfr ... . . . J t f r f i ^ e r i o d i e , V is ite tè tho; . ' ^ . timèt :̂ 0<$e4, M9P.. vit-h .the ..âàÿ^iitepïrig a u th e ^ t^ ” ' . 1R*P. tàtóhv'*h&> ,^:^ii#^|e||^iï' i f au^h ..& v isit. Is con tenaien t. Special. ííi^ á t i^ t io n s ' • |ÌÉh,%p: íirtef. ^ä3 ;̂ _Î3̂ _,a0{Sfê àp̂ â̂' -Qfrp. p$c/0â0, ' 111 , ■ ■ â. . . ■ > ' ; ,., ,:̂ ^ ;J í í^ ^ Í ;J||^tg,.the merabà̂ ĥ «ff ,:;aj^,,.pr^pesáá,,vifit& ig ölföisftj»! . . %% $ ö^ö| :, ^ ¡^lib^^S'.öf .the;; . fo ^ i .^ Shä 6f_ 00, '■ '" ‘ '■' ' ‘ / . ••. * . . , ..3̂ ’ to ÍtO''.|^^|^|^fííi^|j-:., ■-/..,., .■ , ®ß|. .:^ | :603menta . .| ^ i.;^ :^^;.;|ife|t^. powers,.Ääini^Q^a^ieh ;0 ,,t h e . í“hi é ssarfeif 0 ih whiöh th è . V v ;,.v ..', ; 3, s$é; í f ■4 Seè Sàie- 99 ó: , $.& p ïëviM aly ,, tké ;$|ipf^rî ;$&§:,tfaô;-;sn$|$& 0 p.raçëtta* §\ip*o* Ÿi&e. ;?$* ;pe8̂ d $ É - ■%. vpfÿ. : §%$Ft©ftt- ww f|i ^ï^sh.; .süëH; .fie •jifcëâ. %hé' inhoft&tàftto 0 thé. ^his- ;^ ^vthé- 'ë&B'è' S3|; pré’s ^ l^ é ';££<5»; 'Jfhs-, p :în^p^ ïQ *f. ûo ■•••' •̂••••.̂ ■::•• . ̂•'■• 7 ■ ... V '/ ; ■_ _ . ̂ _ '' ' thé,. ̂ f^|iiriÉi;,,|ïî ; $&$r .̂ fhô ■&& ■ . JÊhe,., . iiié.. ;£fét.0\ ̂ eàp^0xf- . f $ ë - 3 f 0 w 3 « | 3 ^ i î ï ^ ^ îPpr i'^j|L 0 " . ' " . " ‘ 'y v’ ■' 1 ■'.■•■'' ! ' ' ' i 10{ÿ0ê. ;ôhoU;ldt.§ xxa.. osi ■ ' i i • • ■6o;,tîië;. fiéHà:g:|è;|i.,; .^;.|feië, How .ftlbli'C. srith M §&0\ tfas$;. 2 , , , "TruotëëBhip ^ottncdl Ookfeiudea F iiét' Sëûâion»0 United .Hâtions , WeéfeXy Bulletin* X$ (îfey 6» 1^7)»* p* &8j5»\ • v . .■•riv <■: -.••■V',' r ^ ' ¡.;*i'.';. O.--. :•■•■-- • ■ -'l y..?.. ;̂ >;V.-. ’• ''"• ' ' ' '‘ "'"'y • ' " ' ' ' ■; •■ •• -\ ' ' • ,.- 5 S®® îyuQtefeahia Oounffit Q ffflëiaî Roésrr&g Sfccond Session Spécial SuppÎeroent Ho« 1 ’Report to thé Tnaatéeahin .Oovinc.il by the United Mations Mission to 'Hâtîn&p This ïïéw b̂â y- ’là' ^ the |#ègî:e* jliâùfîêfi: "iîoai,- pm êra 'â f ':|e^si&t£em wiih $$& • Oôrtaia- potrera are to be 'raaerved to the New Zealand government «{$& -eö^ of', the Oónat^^ítÉ^tt* e s ^ r n ^ ¿§*t eôujatiôj and the,éi:so:h^rg^' oí* the- rea jr^ô ib ilîtleêdôh^è^^â ’ i^on/Ne^ Zm*' \ 7 .’•■■■■ ,v ’ ’;■;' '7." 7 7 7 " 7 7 7 7 7 7 - í ; i ' " 7 rV ' 7 "7~’:V ” '7' ’ '; ’: J f ' thp^igS Jto parlÍQ|ieat#: , fîtgh <ÿ£ Wèatè'rìi' . Ssî àjx- ̂ ‘0 ^ 0 ^ , ^ ¡^ 0 0 0 :^ 0 0 $ Iïô$&X<â*‘ tive ; pop ,0&iï^& -^^^feyotiábiy-,. ÿhànæÉ fe- ■ .flIÉ ^ iíd ad d istrict ^î^-; . - p d f e j ^ e s á g ^ i # ^ , . -ê̂ îq̂eï_. jN*-*. °? Ê&È...- ■; $ ^ ¡0 8 . '.eaàoaer ']0ilÊ0à8$&. §#'$$£ '*$&: " ' " iY :'V':f!‘'" '1 ...>1'ir" •=..;•*• .Ĵ ;.;.- .r----1' -■'_“■■ ;"..:,|i--'\ ' '""■......... . " * P ü i m w ¿f ■ 3 Ib id »- p* ^Z*,, ,„ 3 Ib id , p* 5^2r4 3 j See'aloe ,, . - - ...^.^ ir f̂tlfosd;. itetiono'Mfekâv. .Salftetift» .Î3$;> 4í||?|tó^ %$% ̂ 00^,. -PP$ W&V&im the. reco® * - .. • ', ' ■•:."';"'t1 •^..;;-'-V---;,,‘-'■■■•’> ; ' " •-' ;: ' '■/ ' ' '' : _. "/ • ■'■■' the J.8\;A0Wv:£pr.thtS#|iJg _ _. , i^^ f^ '-| itj^ .;i^^^ -:^p f^ .!..3foi>p;rt fo r thi£ ^£rr|to.j#.'hae :b ^ ^ ;'ia3^ii#(i'i: and • $n®, Q f •. • that international cooperation can reach a cqs»on abjective according to The Council has as pn$ o f its functions the right to make periodic v is its to ti*u,at te rrito ries at, tinee- agreed upon by the„ad^i*1̂ ta rin g :,®E^o'r;iiyf\. p rsi§ fH ^ < i^ j^ th ah .:o£ ■ the; ■,,. ., • b^p jse ; ^he^l^^or: !S^||i..,f$<3p.3| to- the 4® provided; ■ ’ ' ' " : „ ; : ’ r ;' ‘r -;.:-.^■:;;■■?■■ $••• . ; ■ ' - .•,•■■'' f o r P & . . . . . . . . : , . . ; , . , • i . ; ; ; , i t : . . . 1 __» “New * (Averment of Western Steea* Proposed, a United flat tone Weekly Bulletin» I I I (October 21, "1947)» p* 5^5; Soe also. »"Further Progreso in Trusteeship»”* tinited' Itaticnm-fPu'ilatlm. IV (jJanuaxy X, ^esr rths-.discussion o f the,progress. %|fjfefc tory, eee ^C ouncil's teport on Western Samoa, n United, flationa. Sul lo * m > . n (April 15» 19490* pp*. ftx^yfp* *en t# .periodic in , ■ M ;# e - M ê $ $ . aM cû, sind *': ■.- 2 '■ '-"■':-‘f ..,; -h-v̂ ,'f^' ' V . ./ . M iëvfàïïifS^;;;|» :| a# w iiï fen?. than .likely ;'.',,: >ì?itò n r o t ^ f aueh periodic, v ie lte ^ . J a e j ç u ^ and ; vpxéé thp . , l É S l ^ l l l i r  l É Î É ;S W ' , - ‘ • • •• i.'-. '•.■».«..• . > v . - »*» periodic: “'i'- -V- ^ '■> V ’■ "<’y •"’-. -• . ,\ k .> „■ , :v • ÿ^; ,. -V , , . ,-) * ..,. . . ■•;, ( .. v ; . . - . , -\ , 1 . . . . 2b ì “Trusteeßhip Coime il ' Convenee’ f p« 6ÖJ* 2 Department, o f State l»nblicatlon He* 2850,# on^oit.^ p* 12* ggeoiang h 4&ä: «awrtu? $ É ^ j ^ tiëtpài&iê'’à# the ffrugtè&àfcio Sotncli ïho Truôteeahi» èpunçil» ift acdorfdande with rule IOÜ, presented to the -Señero1 Assembly an anrmol report, based on the conditions in eaoh tícete ■#?$:,rè?îhhçt^iiitiaS ;'-of: 'tfóe, Ceanoil. firn. tMBtâètihip: tee Ship) thé . Sín̂ t; ; í'jíSif^^^e sôĴ â ÿà?ÿ. ■ . . ì^; •$!&£$.. the- Oènn? c i l tèi conöiäef ; the dópaento maio in ; t.he;, Oaasäitte© d ièè^ ^ h ô in-. o-r de# tö ., i' ' ' ' M ô̂ a^É̂ p. v̂. : i#§% ■ ;4chfisĝ |̂r̂ t ; Onírtihí .?éça;rtt! jó f thè ;a$r . ministering avthöritiee, reporta o f v is itin g o ie 8 ions* pétitions » and ape«* .d ia l . ^ ^ ^ ; :.^ght,;è fiè è -#P % raaüj.t o f ;thé' cè?^;' . ç^t^èaâ. ;in;a ^ :;è f ; ithe.t|fht_ ^ ^ r | ^ ? ^ á ^ í.;í,|n\ doing .èèf,-.è^^of :.the $|gg$§* . ^ri^s. i è h ê * y Ô Æ ^ é ^ © ï 9 ^ Î ÿ of . the Jprèy|a|ènè^èl’:,0hapte-?& •í^.:ánd.iX|Jl|- o f;the this. _ ;¿ x*j *• >■ •;>'•'• ;•*.:/; ir \ , - | t . -■.- . w ,-V . . .. ••i** . *;■<■:’' *¿¿'—•; » ?'{ ' ■t'i- 'x *■•'*'■'', >'*•’,: ‘íf/.'i ■ >•• v ? ••, *,-.■*..«•• , . . . » ’ „!»•:% * . v ■ ■■ > <\.y J r.. •* »••«*• • '* ..•• t,*-.* • ' .. . ’. V S... ... %nTnteteeéhlp ila 'Oaeratián-^'United ?7atiofts ffëekltÿ B u lletin » ï î l j^ tp b a r .t» X9i^l)$ P«, kfefi. ¿é& ‘alaS .., . » "fruateeahip and Kon-Self- ^Éèrhìiiìà: àèrri&èlisNIièg ̂ : 1 $ Ì0 8 ) * Ät,.. ■ ; . _ . ?r. :l'■ ■ * ' .v-.' :̂-= ’r •- ' ' ". Sil. o# thè .Shlôè 'è f ''^^èèè^tè*' i n tlise the report did net .*‘0 ât'ìE?fcLd- on vi eiting mísalen#, ' ''fpeèieì ^ v è o t ig a t lo n sö't: ,tïie ..#àsüa.ï. ; reporta. .eüta.ittêd by tjie ateiníe^ te ring aUthpniite'©} ;fi-rat ;ré|ierb^e p ri»a*iiy bn##d «n . :9f. the .Çomeiiw: penasse the, apprpy&i o f the; pigftt tïua* ■ ■’ « i, : •'» - :. 'h ‘ . t teeenip ng^eeaente, 4i4. n#t.;.i!íf$?gv.|(íia ̂ .M: nen :ia** poeeibl© toi inpluà#; trust; te rr i* of; thé. reporta îSeEii6Bêi>tefeaiÊ-. •t̂ %̂,fe«̂ :̂ ¿̂■̂ SP®BSââxtí.. of; Kèw Zéàianâ for Western . . ■ '" ■.' -"■■■•.':■ ...“ " ’•*■• ’ ’■ ' | liâ»ôe’e!nâ..tne ,p<^|ii<^:!jnn|eh were oMítín® . v .. : jßfe|Ki. . t * .seyiev- -Prnei^ _ óént. .tí;, the.; ápurpi i* : thé .gpnsrea iiebtteeiou,pf. ib® .report;by . <3ommittee fopf pt\ the Aôfénbiy*. .,^ . thP,.•'^c^ô^p'iiibnenté o f the, fif'ö t éeeeioxl and nuidé teöpwn none Of the future- tmdertálcinge of the Oénnclí ,' " ■ "■ ■' ^ ' w - ’ ! ''‘ * r'^ ' \ Mi,- ' i.' ’■ ■; ; euch ;aé. the n^y^öiön.-i^ -^v i^ tiug tru|t, te rr ito r ie s * . 'ih ^ . eiaehien the Ô#fc$r#ii.- .‘by.. QSjtiog fe » .:ó;|aáPÍfiónf; tipne.#n ̂ apy..-mattere net.ooíiioiéutíy,40yeri3$ pv: clearly,-prtnéntei» . Bepr^^nté-tlén Ob, thei; .diseuasipit -.elèo-. enebiéss. thè Góanpii to dëfé»i it# . ^ - . - ■ ; ! # ( . , the. $&**»> to. . y, :- dur#*; I %. iaôrë detailed account Of thé; funétiojaing ô f thé truai^ohip. system as âpre and varied jw lî| be sit. the dlegJosa|t ..èf the :®^.3téé0hif -. .'-Ciértrn̂ iî̂ àp.... ....... ..'; .. .. ,'■. ...' '.v ........ ; - '■ .^othe^ way :% whie.h thé. ôtim oil aida* thé .©eneral. Assembly .lé through ^f^mmendationn dealing,with the functions o f the United Nations pertain­ ing: to trusteeship a g re e m e n t fh i s - th f’ te#àg of.the egiseaentfr. and' th eir ..âlteratîon,'.9'r .ameotoerit* • . ■■, .Jgs,., M iationa; wlth'Ctfaer organa. . \ 4$ . i & l ^ r i f : .it f ¡United; UatioftS:»/-. Up t f this/ point the relations o f the Council have dealt mainly with .its1 .activities, in Assembly/ i,o,car#ying cnt the. ftinotione o f trustee« , ship: ; haO not .been skde <»f the .. ̂ e ^ re i 4®^h|.y;,a power t p . $ h e ; 'Gonnci i - ' * - . l. ■•:'•■ ’■ ' ’ ,-• opinions from the International Court o f Justice* Also closely a llie d .ijk.th$..:f©^ the tras^eehip.egre^5QntG\.haya; an article/ fhlCh. fo r the;. s0tti.ihs,.byi of\Justice o f .-thiSSf: ^ ifpn tef and *p^0x^\ power when ’’ .' '!'Jt fh#a i$4 o f the âniè.e o f ^o.é.éduré;- See also Artidlf. 85» 2 see. Articles, Appendix <$$.; , • fT.Sia Article, /A ^éndir^ ’ U/ . * • t© the interprétâtton ör application of the . said agfeeoent# ©iöjPö i© ne .dòutt, t h a t i f :#u#h. m «#&##• aro#© the Öotmoil wühl d. mere than lifcjgty. t>© çôttôërned to the. ..extent that. à. dé.tàile4: report oh thé. bàtter ■ '. would ■£©■'. ,.Äißo:. the. po.se.ib iitty © f dispatching a yisiting. - ..■nÌ08toh,^^.d '... %'$$$&$*■ iiprising . ■. Oounoll:?,the.;,EoçhapM and Social Council*. aiid the . ./épppi^i^ú # & # © # ; .regard.,to the fwnotions ̂of the trusteeaMp ey&* . tèmi... in relation# with shitetegie areas there wa# likewloe to- be close harmony.#. , ,,........; ,.' Y-;.v*Uv., r; j ■.,.,. ; , v , :,;,„■. F^graph ,]5; o f ; Ait|hi;§::|i5;0f ’ thejSharteri.whioh proyidôh. that.the Security •jCoòt̂ l̂ ,. ©hall be apaifted by the r fi^eteeehlp, 0 former mandated ÍBlan.d:#^ ;fhn© those f^#tioha^.r#lating.to ^ $ tt# £ Í» ;.;;e ^ ^ social*,©nd eduoetioh#! -«patsy / ■ tere ate to.be, applicable'. ̂ ere ##bject to stìfit curity. ##nö^:^r#tioii%., ’, |a other ; werfet the. United State'S : #$Y àdiaìniete?* log authority;can»-. vhder^Art^de.ili ; ©f .th© trust#§Bh|p ©gfeeroent». deter«?-. . aia#, the extent,t#.which the provi#Ion of Artiere#. 87..and; 88 of the.Char*-. ter' #re applicable;..to. ary er### whi#h may So designated a# cleaed for " • irgee' Article 85» A|)p#ndi :̂;:# j?ii9öe eleo Saie ÏQ of the Rales, o f froc■ édu• p©-*V ;• v t •>•■» 7-i . \ \ .*. V/-- •'• ,V ; .- 'iv¿" -’ í « ?»•?.,."•• -, ■’ •• - * >.. .S.-J-, . ••■<■■.•••■ - < :; V.>. -i> K '..v.— .- ■. .-c-, . ' - y .,* • * S; - . ̂ t ‘ ‘ ¿tfOí “ ’ - ' Í ';Se#'A r t i# ï# l^ pi Ä .^ # d # Urundi? and Britieh f#gola^d ahd th# d^erodéd^ . ....... '< ■ » > -» i . . . eëèurity fessone; . ihâ o f $94? eben thé United States tonified.\ths.United.Nations thâtcerta ln áreaS weiß,, to be eloeéd fo r the purpoée Of .¿sedòSting ëxperiôente ianuoîear fission , i t did not . - .. - •.■ •■ ■ ■'•- ■ ' "'. - '•■ ■'■ ; .;■ ••.'■■■ ' 2 nean. that the baáío objeetives o f $yßtßmr :were. v io la ted *. ..îlot vuotii thè aanni^ rfpoj*t i e pmsentèd[ oï* perhaps: à v i S ^ i p g s ip » ó f thè, Tpust,eeehip Oounpil has been to the territory v i l i tbs fu l l extent o f thè separation between.. fh®. tsó ói?gsh9 b# toowttp foatinè in* te^eiationShip.a have been. regbitarly taking place Such as. the notifica» iions addressed to eaoh eohcertiihg thè. dates o f their sessions and thè |íübl|^ati0h:.bf dbOi«Dente «hieb, are distributed to each by the Seef©taf* iatf. The ílééúrity. Qouho|i ha.ey ,aè .ÿet*. n o t . found ' i t aeees$afy ' tó ! b a i l ., a special session o f the Truetéeohi#1 Oounoi 1 tor has the occasion. arisen for the 104 iô perform. ßüöh other fünotions as. nay be presided fo r in the strategie trusteeship agree* mënt.* HöseySf.f „ dibdè; %iiröĥ !. :Oi$éPf ^opefàtiort; has. b^en attaine.d through th,e Security Council *ŝ Spproyal o f the, fépo:rt. pfeseñted by the Oèô®ittbè Of ,e% s^8 bPPöthted jo intly by the two .^oimOl l 1 é thráe? thié agreement the finistsobhif^ tO' .asßiöting the; $èburity. ' ' : See ä r t ie lt ; Ì ^ e f the .T^otaeehip ^ ’¿eenent for the Territory o f the Pacifie islands; .Sè.e/aièOvAl’tibieS . & ■■ßß* Appendi». -Cfe»;... ...v.,. Z Öepöf taent of-Stahe Publication Nö»- 5Ö04» .The .jfepaft»ent,.,.'e-f Bulletin» Voi* X^II, No* 44l#, 194?, p*r 11?4. $ See Puié/S ^ Of the Rules o f Pfëeédurei See also^ Provisional Rules. o f Procédure o f .the Security OounOil» United Kations Öoc*. .Né.* 0/96/ fiév*f t ’ÌWWi 0 ^ T̂ fmÌ:'! Oouncil thosè ftìnotióinè o f th© Charter, le .io, 0©n.d: thè.guènttoh^^ thè ©dainiatérìng suthopitiéa. ió;f thè ©tra«* tegic . te rr i^ r ie a^ ,io to a.dyiee and report to th©, Securlty- Oóuttoil oh a l l répórttì end petitiona fiom thea© area®,, and- io to assist thè -Se* .• ■ _ '•■' ■ v; ■ ; " ' ' ■ " : ..' "v puiity Gonneil ih. raaking'. periodica .visita to. tha strategie area©.*: A© a r©~ epit th© io le o f thè frnéteeehip/Gouhciì in étiategic area© ia no» raor©;- ■ ©àpily ■ • Ai^ìoi© 91 pf. the.-Chaite*^ that th© Trustèeship ^ tp nyali,. itc e if o f thè.pp.Bip.t&nop; ©f:th© ^onorale^aad.Social. Council.•'i# ■ matte?© which are ©caraffe ,t$ tpthy; Jhé ¿ R a l è n t e be óf àaplatpiBjip^.: . f© ? ■instane©.». yhen, thè ..Fopulati©n 0p^aìasion wa© con?* , éidering th a y p o ^ là M ^ t^?ite?i©e, that th©: Éeó~ jàoj|Ìe; and Social Goyncil©id. th©" with rsBpeCt...t©:. popn* . iàtion. próbleras, Ìhv.th0..tarritp iie0>; ©nd Social . Gonnoil wàa, ,^ vi^dp^an^,;l^..théi; i.^3tèeship 'pi, ■ ■ .raa^ng,r;^.|pjjipgièphic Study f or ^d h ;:tptyt pjjé; Se onorale; &nd a. yai^ihtiph:.:tó; that .a f^ t 'n n d when the study is. .complète. ! t ©i l i >e émpi© pvitipppp-'pi th© ayiating iht©ry©letiohghip© ...V:. 1 __ , "Trnsteeship 00000011»" In fo ^ r^ ' l ì (Péhrtti* . ary:»..19lÌ3}'>: .p* i'i^V Sé© a lio 'Bié'é»rliit'Gióqà$t^ .%©&? Supplement tot June, 19^8« United ìiationo Doe» » 194®, pp» 1-10} Se© eleo Gygaritir' Goéafell ' O ffic ia i leèords, ^èt|th>:yéhr ^©tingt.- ?,.. ffi&rch»- 194$ Àppehdix.O.j Sèè alea in fra , Ohap-fe H l f n . L&2, p. Zjpjfin». 1» p» 2$1» seaM eeeissLi 1 ■ between thé various <>rgane e f thé United Nations* • The Trùêtééshid^ëpï^^ .-■©ùteét planned. fo r coopération.., with the.. Etohojpiç. and goeiai /Ooapcil;, and thé ..apafiSÏÎzfd, agencièp as evl<* dented by jh ile 10f ̂ the frostêf Ship. douStCii Considéra prppoa^s.VsubjBittéC by. thé ; ,-;©açsd.. 'ÔQ̂ îst̂ . -0.otçûéiô L̂ and.both . they arid the., apeOiaïizéd agencies are invitad to- attend and to participate in oeStingp;. o f • the, Oou^il,, b ^ é r e ftot aliOwed to. vote* •. Special CÇsàions C f the EConooji©. and Social dounoii are.- to.-- be held at the rèqùeat o f the Truateechip doimcil* .. ....,_ ., .;Those sections o f thé. provisional güéstipnnai.ré whioh ; pare Of Special concern to the genomic, Social. dotmeli and the opecialized ageheie#.. wore transmitted, by „the . T^stoeahip;; do^C il;.for ; their advica. and reooîà#-.- ■ , aenda.t ions*, The. .annual reporté- Of .the gd^ihletaringi authorities' and other . 1 Yearbook o f .thé Pftltefl Nationa..l9ft6^7.r oo»feitr»v» PC» ;51;2-*-l5't See àiéo. A-rticle.. 9.1 »■ Appendix G«. ' Thé, l^pulatÎCh Biyiaipn in the drifted Hâtions pepartment o f Social A ffa irs is in the process o f preparing a aeries o f re­ mporté, on. the .population of the trust vtèr rifo riee* Those; reporta are being . prepared as a direct, outgrowth o f the, .dipéùseiph çàrriéd on between the . BçononiiC and Social Council and the. Trusteeship Council* When. thia study is completed i t w ill be of great benefit in stimulating the economic, social, a ^ .pC^i.tiéai advancement o f Jïhjà ¡l^abitonts o f Thé ■ only report thus fa r concluded ip that for Samoa* See The Population o f Western . Samoa» Reports oa...ihe' ijpi&lation o f î.rùs.|;, iferriCCrieg'go*’ $$. fcajtee1 . Success, Hew fork* ünited Watiohé apartment o f Social: A ffa ifa Population |Jiviôipn$. .,,. . ...X a ( j':, v ,'. s ;; 2: SO© Ruled' 15k- «■&■..■ ;105<- ■o f the .R.,1ules o f Ffdsedéfé*:-.‘v • / ;, ;v:-’v7 v/ > .-r ' -/•* y: ■ ' . . . • ■■ .•> -■ '' • v '• 1 ■•'...•■ . •■ 1 ’•' • • 3 Rules.rpf Procedure o f thc^Sconoffllbi/aft-d. .̂éÎà.l,,!̂ nàhA.i»-OMtéd Nations Doe* Wo* B/55/Ray^ '4, 1947, Rule 4, p* % 4 » "Trusteeship‘dounôil Concludes First session ,” United Kationq Week M. Bullet in , n-Jtoasr'.6* i& Ü Î , &«' 4S|j., Reports and documents o f special e6hc©;m to the© are to bo communlo.ated- ........... ............ .......r ..... : 7 " , Other P3r̂ âF̂ t:3.3P ; . e n s u r e d . .el ese;.e0* ■̂ êr̂ L'jb̂ .-oiat. Seoia l'Pet^cilj each a"s notification o f : ; meetings and. the. c«^t»£oati.dn; of the provisional .agenda for each .asseioii o f 'the;;f^e^e&liip G o y .n e ili ;^ ̂ . ' •.. ■ : ;■’. Also ^ titid jas which concern the Economic and Social C ot^ i£ » though -fit*at examined by the -1^si$8.8hii»: Ooimoil>; can then be sent to the appro*- th«s Economic end $ob!&i -Q<^cii . fo;r advice* ., $6̂ further early, put,-. the 0 $ ^ © *^ the Trusteeship ■. - ’ Council*© proylBionai ^$n&d.f the. Charter. provisions.» .?and i t a pulse' p f - procedure» the .president:: Of the (Totoibil, ewthorised. the appointment o f ..a.. ';Ooami^tod:iOf three- numbers, to ;̂ ufe?{u-ibh % like numbep .from the EQonpmio' And Social Council* This action was. the result of a recommendation instt* tubed by .t M Econofflic ,and..Social Council/through - the.Offices o f the. -Secret' .Similar manner the/president o f . tho: ^ Coen* o il ia authdrined. to e^pp|nt ^OBentatlyee o f the Economic aftd Social Council regarding .negotiations withany inter* ■• v 7 '" ' 7 '7 ' r::_ v. . . ; . , -- ' . ■ ... governmental organl3ati » ppf Current 'questions o f common, intereet, and recoinniendations; regàrding methödö of. future . ceòpéjratión are .Considered by the joint. eopEn|ttee on cooperfitloi5,,aa of áégeéi*v/l$$f^ . • governmental orgenigationé. had met and from the,,reaulting dieduestone ; q . ̂ the’ £j>• ■ i-'l. participated^ in thé, negotiation J f àg^enentd/té*. tUéèh the United Nations and the Urti vergài Postai CndOn». thè Internationa ..,‘v ■ • ' , ' * Y,- "■; ' ‘ % .... " al Monetary Pynd> ,é»d several-ether nrg^i^ät.ionev; - : ■ Y f heprovla^ Cf. the Charter eepf^rning; cooperation between the .• - • ;lSò the::fu«otiöning o f , the trnsteeehip. eye* t^:;àhd ha,s •certainly çlste,d the frustëe ship G'oúneii in dealing with-intern .natdi^-, ;̂:#;óin©ffi|i0 and h#diàî.;ii|ôé:àttèn% •' ■' .' Ift di$ôu8èing,.thé .relatione carried On bÿ th# frusteeeMp Council to-- rèepect tó the other orgenà. nf-,thè Onitèd;,KatÌdinej: the ftinôtiono o f the ■ Secretariat , oust not b# overlooked* As ehn'of the. p r ln c ip n l '^ # ^ 3' §£ “:■• the United Bâtions .It ’hâ^.l/pâthèr'jan important rploy for it maken an annual ■ report. to the. Generai on the .uorîfo f the, ôrgani.zatîon and an. .- ■ ■»• -èppfepriéì&e. ;the -report includes a disòue.è.icn on fruatoeehip;*- fa r in the f i ret report expreased hie dis**; 2. áppeiid^eut, be^au^; np't^-d%#^hip àgreemente^had/%èèn ç^bmitlàdÿ. A 1 » grfruet®eBhlo Council Convenes for Second SeBsiOn* "Unjted Net* t lo » 9;.l?eefely-. Bulle t i n g i l i . (ífávémb'er'¿2fy¿. Ì947Ì». .pi 6B8* . ., , ..._r ; à fèpórt:.o:C;the^^órefary^Ganeral'^on the ^erfe .of .the: .Crganiaàtioà^ ¡ssas&ss 116 similar statemeñt had been madé by the General Aaoeiably* névertheleee* the Seo.retaryfGeneraite repprt furthered trueteéBhip aBperationa* The Georetary^éneral aotft in a oónfidential capaeity and enperin* tends a t . the aeetinge o f the Trueteéohip OpunOií ae welí ae at the com~ mittée and sub^pómitteq veetinga and la li^wld|:/,^flpesaelble: $en the ajríiangéoiénta o f thelr meetinge pr anyother aciiyitieQ.*. lii addition# the SepPéta'jiíid^vhe^dlPi: a l l the POnapaica i lona direoted to m á 'i tm the Cpnndil* and the ótaffing o f the Gounpil or ahy o f Ita subeldlary bódiea ie carrled put by the Sepretary*tGeneral,*; Alee the Seprétaiy-General» at the request o f the Gounollf maíces oral or written etatémente concerning .... 1 qae etione nade* cóneideration* . One ;Of the prinpipálr ünits o f the Geeretariat ie the Departméttt o f . Tfueteeehip and Inforatatiop frotó Kon^Sélf^íovernifig ®b-fl,ttwríiéj8!.».. Beaidea the work. done forv the. Gouneil the departaent eeiyes the fourth Cóámlttee: (Truateeáhip) and próvidee dóouaentation for the General Aseeably in 1 / ■' '■ i; daaling ■ wdtk' Oh^ter0^:Xl^\|SÍ#.;and ÁJt.1.1 p f thá <|harter*, The prioary «oneern ie with tho trüateeahip eepeOt» whioh la one o f the three. main diviaioae o f the department* _ The i división o f tihieteeship tafee® intd eOnlidpTOtlOn. the.^eft.ing and oonsideraiAon o f truateeehip. a* gfdementa:»:. qneBiipnhai^ eaoh,territo:ry»' yisitaí- petlbipno, and an* nual authorítiee and the Trastee ehip. . d Saé,,-3ialeé 2$f,á6». & 27 • - ’ ijr •aeeietf the : Council and pf Value ,%$;..$&% P^her CigCns C* the. United Nations because through Ita armu.a.1 ;report ;©n. the uofk o'f theUnited iJatiena^ah-.p^^ taken thus giving them a newelant to pro* blems of, trusteeship:* ■. %.; prospect for Additional ffruat Territories , One of the discrepancies at the London session of the Qeneral AeBea* ■ bly nap.the £&iinri6,.p£; ti^etee*. ehip;.,e^^mentft,/fer the, territories mentione.d tinder Article 77* • Since ■' that nloe:,noi»etin't^e ^ .,giP!a n d , . . p » f ' t e r r i t o r i e s thus fa? placed imder the true«* . i t e t o j e i h i i i p - ^ . ma^datec the' lieague of' Hations»;. Article . 77 of the Charter a|ee.enn|^|!ettee,t categories of, territories e li­ gible for t h e . . , t a i h r i t o . r i o B ; detached' Prcm .enemy states, and non^eel-f^goye. r.n. i.h g..'. .t. er, .r ito:_r■i;■e••s■■.■ pla2c ed• under■■ th:e -s.ystem by the states " yespeneibie for. their edmii^yst^tion^ -2* ......i :; . . 2 See Article 77* AppendiJt 0,#.- :$,* Forate* Mandated Territories ■ r : ..¡ài- Southw est A fr ic a - ,■ 'r ,, v; -, T h e . f a i lu r e o f th e ..D nion e f . South A f r ic a to :subiait th e . fle ttere ;! AWhe®#-. b ly a t e r r i t o r y o f 53outhw eot A fr ic a Caused -g reat MmQe:ro *. ' S e r r a i STntAa .préG euté.ti in d e ta il. b ìe r e s a o r ^ fo r . '«»̂ .■. 3pì̂ )(à-oiStfeifJ(g;.. .;a,̂ -j^èfc^-.. and h0\. O^<3: # ’̂ ii th e in c o .*p o ra tio n o f th # t o r f i |ó ÌS rl-..Ìi1̂ th e Union» iTtiè'; T?*tJsito^'pfei.p. ^.oràmi-t^èe co n s id e red th e queè* t io H 'fu lly ,;.a n d vy s fió u A ,p ro p o $ 0̂ ^ th a t thè ' n a * t ì v O O :!#' ■ .’ v ! ‘ ‘ l ■ , . '■ ■ i ‘ ! ■ ' Ì ' ' hi i th e q u e s tio n was tu rn e d O ver to th e G e n era l Assem bly*. th e A ssem bly, on S eO ffib fr; Ì 4*. l^ ^ ó j a.pprovo^ A . re s o lu t io n w hich: re je c te d South :ktf%o&i.6: p ro p o sa l f o r a n n c s a tio n i,, As a result.»-- th è G e n era l A e sca b iy rsoommeiidad ■ th a f .S O u t^ è s b A f^ tru e te è e h ip and in v ite d th e D h lo n . _, ■ In thè:, sianacr o f . Ip 4y South A fric a .. :inform ed; th è - D a i ta d R a tio n s th a t , i t , had dobtdsd A O t T h is re p re s e n te d an imp rove«* a o n t,:in th è : a iJ ^ è tic a # ;. t a t b h e 'U h ie A A ^ 1 .... » "general Discussion on Trusteeship, “ United Nations Weekly Bul­ letin» i November 11» 1946), ;p&» 17<4&*,- - ,.' ' : :-jT '.', "'-'. .f j^^^flj^stseahip .Peconmendsd' for South West Àfrica, Dai ted ; Rations Weekly bulletin« I (December 24, 1946)» p. 48. The discussion of South» west Africa also bepaae involved,with the issue over thè treatment of In­ dians in South Africa* See Grant S. McClellan,. “South Africa » Land of Conflict. “ Foreign Policy Reports. XXIII, (Juné. :ì#;.; l f% ) » pp* 62»72f „£g$ . also 1,.';,: “Treatment' of Indians in SouthAfrlcd*“ United Rations ..Weekly. Bulletin. I io#, '|946);, .ppa, 14*1$* $oint JHahdate. -3òt$.' ito:' .Trane j e r dan* : Thus fd? a l i the General Assembly that .;.. '£tlbf»|»8 were, _ ■.. , The signing .p f the f between .^pane^aid01̂ end thè .Uhitèd; Kingdom pn JMafch. 22».. pf.thé mandated, stàtue of. $snnBr#erc^v. : thè/treaty. re lationsh ip . between/the ’; ■ ■ %] * ■ ■ ‘ 1 ’ % ' t r ie s preyidp^^^ thiàSà» .^P* the stationing p f .British-warmed forces in, the te rrito ry * fa c i l i t ie s fo r train ing o f thè' a Fined forces* and . • ." ' ''.. .V-' . V, $ - fin ancia l assistance to.. Cower the cost o f T ransjordan^; afffly< Thee® .pr®*' visions raise/ à question whether1 T ransjordan is a tru ly sovereign . ppwef- as envisage, d. i. n. . . . 2s;:-©.. f. , t.h.. ©;^/- ■, . ■. ■' A lt- ho./u gyh ehye ■ ■/ h■ ap■ /.b e■e■••r■ i ■'-r■■e, ceg_ hized/: as an ihdàpèh^|ài^ 1% $àmtoàr'''-0£/thfi /' : United fcnndi-'in .hèf ..Treaty/Of. . idk'ikMsÉeCpèi. ;*v̂ .̂ bt.: t W SSsneisl rAèseInbly, a . / - yete on t h e - ; • ~ • A . . . . - ! , ; . .. ' ‘ , ... v* 2 league of Katione, Officia:! Journals .i$>2iai:.'lj2&rt .'2*. p* 1453*. 5 * Report of the Membership Committee,11 United Nations Weekly Bulletin. I I (September 2* 15?46)» pp* 4 -^ See also the Treaty of Alliance between the, .United Kingdom mid ,Transjordan which has been deposited with the Secretariat,':¿0 the United Nations.,’ United Nat Iona,.Treaty Series a United Nations'Boo*» Vo l* 6, 1947? pp*' 145*150*See especially Article® 1 , through % -of the '.Anne* to the :treaty*- ' •.•/.'*'•' -- --------------- '- s ' - ■ ... , w ..,.^ .^,-.r---^v... t.» ..,.,..».-■»■ *--. *2 1 binder? a' league, o f e»3K̂:. .iaajdĤ ^̂ a(t■ r; .iSta.l*..;;j>|̂ w‘i drawal» there . was grave Concern sheym by the Waited Hattons .over ths ffow^ ' ■' ' ' " "% ■ ......... ......... . ing, trouble in ?atei9t.ln;€ti*.. The, ^rpblem .wae.yfi rp t brought before- the Senef?«. ' al.. Assembly. at the request of.the-,.l$nl tp-d ■ K-i ĵ gdpm delegation on ,. 2 '.■ . " ..■ ’ /...."■*' "' '""■"'. ■"' ' ' ■' •■■- •■:■' 1^7?; . - - / . y . , v .. , < . In -0-lf-cM̂Ss'. -,hhe.:;p reb l^ session . Of-.the .was. held -inKey*. .|t, crested ;a Spe.C;iat .GonnltteO on #aieStinS-Oos^e^^ frejg eleyen eteten 'wbieh exclud- #4; t̂e©; waft / given the power to.- investigatfeftiil; questiQhe.and issues .relevant to ; the -..- ' ‘ . .....■ ' ■■'.' '"■■■•■■ ■'■ ■'■ : : ' ■ 3 ..... r ..■■■'■; '■' jjM^blsm£;i|Ki3Bd^ ,.;in |>eleeiine*.„ With. the. problem; i a . the bbe S.enera.l..Assembly; adjourned until it f . regular.fall\'#nbipB>... ;>.v.....-,..:..;: ^,-... ;/ - . . . . y v:..... . • ; t .;. The report .of... the'.,. Spas ia l Sqiffia'ltteQ.' was. diei^ssed: by the Assembly*, ■ vMoh reSoEEnended th a t• Palestine,bo,'P^^itioned-.into. -ahM0i>;: state and:,S ■ ■ dewiSb states. with.the.Gity -of;Jerusalem, to, k§ under the hhthority p f the. _'■ vi Jacob Robinson» palestihia and- thq; tnitad hatians^Frelude to. Sola-> . tion ' material,' dee. department, o f State Pu W teatipn % * .253&*.. An^O*American Coin» mtttee of Inquiry* vg&r ¿¡¡astern Series '̂ V V̂-,. V 2 1̂., » "The Ifbbiena of.PaleStine#/" Un£%e^-.,ltBMe^ I I (May/6> ;047)i eh* V7V77; See also '; ̂ .- Sion Convenes*tl Siaiited-'-Hatiôs. Weekly ■Bulletia.*.j|f .1̂ *7) *• pp# A67,i*7@* 5 For the organization end prpeedure o f the Special Commit tee» its work and its major d ifficu lt ie s* see Hn^ted-.-Hatlontt.jgaiestine.. Comcaisslan- ■ Report to the general Assembly« Supplement Hdi-T-il*/ddpif ;- fruafceeBiiip Gouneil* and that there souldbe an eeonim»'id Union,' foP 'Sil i _ . 77". . ' .7 7 . . . " . . / . v 7 .. . . . . . of Palestine,, ’ tinder; 'the' plan the General Aeaeabiy was to . appoint. a 'fiye~- inan Commission to Implement its to ^©feat' Britain:» " the- in gerfa'irming it3;''!iiaiot.iQn,e-j' te.^seiSt inthe eetab*r • ■'lishiidg Of.thb' two, ■.new; states 'which,-:weia be come into aristae©. not.late? than.';06tbb'ei;'' %* ; The U.Offitoisslon wasto aOt under the, authority and gaidan^; o f .ihe/SOjd^ItJif ...t: The: petition plan recommended by the General on November 2̂ ]$: * marked the culmination Of‘ Seven rodhtho o f exhaustive labor by . the United Nations:*. |a the final dehstd' &oth the United States and .-Ruŝ •sia; Supported partition while'.;Gfeat :B*ttt©in abstained from voting and ■ ©onti&ued to maintain he*-' .pirê ionb' poli7cy of not using British troops. 'bo-' ' ; "-'V;':':"" - '' " -7' 7 V; "S t - ■ - ' , enforce a decision not accepteble t© either aide in Paieotirt©.»; |n the' ffie;^time' the. frueteeahtp Gouncil had been wdrkirig wagi:.t£t3̂-". to 0©t up a Special • ..- cotta it i'6e to ; ia.' 'dêii'î |Siiei4̂, the City of bn December 2»\appointad.a ela Siemb^r.. ■«oflsin^.cojj^ItteO, to prepare the,draft of. a detailed statute,ah' ?e.i|eir©d': 'by the :reSQlntion: o f . . G e n e r a l Assembly on Ifoverdbsr ag* -1947*' Undey •*•" 1 ., r„ , "Ooamittee' Recommends Partition of Palestine , * United Nations Weekly Bulletin« 111 (December 2» 19^7)» p*. ?Alj See also , "Assembly Adopts Plan for Palestine»0 United Nations Weekly Bulletin« I I I (December 9» 19^7), pp* 77 >>74* For a detailed map Of the partition plan» see page 776 of this issue» For the proposed, solutions to' the problem».see Official Records o f the Second Session of the General Assembly* Supplement .ftp,» H United Nations Speoial Oomaitteo on Palestine Report to the General- Assem­ bly Jm *. * . i - ' ■ United Nations - 1 . "■■ '■ 2 . 7 • »^Accord OTh lmplementing Palestine: Partition»,0 United Nations Weekiv Bulletin» XII, (Boy^ber l&»; 1947)» pp«: ^59^57* % ... . ..»“Assembly Adopts Plan for Palestine,0 United Nations Bulletin, 111 (December 9» 19^7)> ppf-77^7^* thla reoolutiön» the QemmU waB to appoint tbe Governor (jfth e o i t y y Ho was' io,. represent f ho: ' s ib it/ tt the tPrt^tää^lp, . Ü K Ü Ü ü ä : ’.' istgatioft*; t e g i l i a t i b h ^ - Ä , ■ ifnaddltion*.,Jopai.unita e# .:- g o v o r n m e n t )-, . .P̂SiÄ'il.ii!-.„ Shy jstätptfwhen .approyed • by the , Sounel.1., was to reniain. in t o p c O £ o r ten yedge. w|th oübse^ubint V Q + m m l n * . . ‘ itiatipjö: by .;thGr,:.GpUi l̂l atv t̂hp >pn. f force* . 8Trusteeship, or Partition« 81 United Nations. Bulletin« IV,. (Hay 1, 194$)» p* 5565 Per the Unltpd States working paper on trusteeship for Palestine, see O ffic ia l Seconds of the Seoond Session o f the? General Assembly» Annex to Vol*- 1 & Z l« 1948# pp* lg-Jl^ Sep also Department o f State Publication No« 5l4o,.i%e Department o f .State..J&Ufitlty» M lt i No.* p ,v , . ' :;'TT w i ’ ' z ■: tV"Aaaasil#y Geneiiers- .Proytai-onai ■ Phie-atine •Regime.;»-'t united.’■ ’Ife ileM n* m (Kay 1948)* pp*. J ^ 4 © % :•=. ‘ . ^ithithë: withdrawal o f M itiah troppa (alt •?seffiblâ'n'cëi authority b j i K a s i ® . f b p , . . % .bçgttji.gqing. on^fer .. soma time.-between the. . and,;.;dew;é deye3pp©,d..'.ißto. fu l:|t,;£$£§©,.3$^# *#̂ ■.■ ,...■ .. ' 1 ( 0p,May;.f4*;, i^48;?,; ifep, 3tat.©,_pf Israe l was-. prpplained;;. -be«*. ;part;Í$ió.a¡ .taking ... .. i isMpdiatply;. pa®.#, to tb e for©*; An pnucr u|t|,/s|^|^ló|j, took placo on Hoy. 3,5 í:. whpn.the United States,- although epp* porting the tru atsèopip. plan then in discussion by the Geherai A&seobly* recognized iarae i.aP a- do facto, otates- .. Maôt,:ôf. the other states soon .-fallowed salt with either de facto.; or. de recognition», ,, .fhiA.a#ti#n,.:di& .anypseena,-ppt^^^ ■̂îi!ar<ëiïGii.. :^̂ SL,..̂ tvs-. lïV i t 0. ;4tte#pt-etaelying, th$ lalp^fne,. Âe.e.enblŷ appotnted Folk© J5©r^4òttò © f J|i©|èn; ;&p;..8tì^ in .faipptin©» :. ,Al though;, the, medié* ' . * f ‘ _ _ tor âu.çcçede.d. . in . b ringing *. and. thè .$*.&# there, were, cp a tìn ^ l trace; v i©l at ions; ̂ eo^panlè^. by .fppitëd.|ç, f ;; | t jcçt:.$^3$. aï^tét|ôô;..^gô^:. . tiations • : : , . ........... .. ■■'. ■ - - r. ■ v, -an■d S■y'■r•i•a■»--;> ' t;h- e' .l£a s' t' ■ o f the Ar'a. b . etateà tó complete, av..ôeftôe#td^i©^reément - with: Israel:*- 1 ì ' . r.';» "Àoeembly Author issa Mediator fo r Palestine« " ^íté&Na^lonS ' Bulletin» i r . t o i l :.i5» xmmrn\f . ^ !/ . , . ■ Z->. ~¡Z~ . ..'! 2 Seo DopartijkWïfc of State Publication. Ito;* 5151» ?he ^òjarj^rit^Of.. '.- State Bulletin« W Flït Hof 464* 1P48» y», 6^5* De jure r o § o ^ td c ^ $ p í% # tended to Israel on January 51, 1 949, Department o f State Publication No* s 5427* The Department e f State Bulletin* No* AX No* 502, 1949» p-# 205* • ( ' • ‘ ( • . • ' ' ' 4 ' . • . . ! ; . f t ' i s t 5 » "How the Truce Came to Palestina»" United Nations .Bulletin« IV (»June I f 1948), p*. 452*. , A!.,...... !.. 7// ' V;'".'.""-.7.' H .....'.» “Paving the Way to Péa#© ,|n .ï^esiine^ S ignif icanoe o f jterael'* TrELïieS'Jordan Armistice»" gnited Natloim Balietin . . VI (April 15*- 39^9) pp * 58̂ i*56ö%' ' W ' Ìn th e noontime .the Ggneraì AedSably was Oat loir Of aentbeysbip to the KnitedvHatidnBi and on May l- lr 1949 i t admit* ' ' : " : ■ - ........................ • " ' • ' ■ ■ ' ■ ■ ' ■ ' • ■ • ' ' " ■ ' ■ ■ ' ' ■ " ■, . \ , v ..................... ■" ‘ V \ ; ' ■ • ■ • ted Is ra e l. t o .United Israe l-s becofflihS'0- member-'of .the...United. Usti©ho»:, howe^ery, ;;did not mean that the Palestine d i l a t i o n . ; fte^settlect»', fa r theis. ., wp-S pti l I the prob 1;®» ;of iir^ng;:tp'gdth^Jf the. ne* : goiiiatióne oonce^teg. refugee®' su’d, those cpneerning : thè .fida;!, beander ips of. the year o ld . etStS:. o f Ipraply >. Although .a,,/9atlèihdtdiy solution to - ; this e&d-:tfc\ .. now being aade by the United ^tione. (ìfèneiìiation^ ̂ Palestine •iWhi'eht,.'̂ 0! 1»: . s e e a i a p L . f bùa fo r a l l ..intento and, peripeSS y the. P a l e s t i n é : . ^ ^ ^ . .Ì9.ngS.f ’iSLóf eè fa * aè the tjMstéfship system ..&p.v:$on^ Éf-; fjaajttéfr Italioti: oeidrilee with regard to ih© espond eàtegéry of territories tp whloh the international trusteeship , " ' ì , . t , ^èaembjyha lelóo^>-:to Is ra e l»”' fenlted-Uatìone. Bulletin » VI . - ......... , . , , . . . , . . ., ; v -.,s; ., • .u ,; . \ \ ,. * / '.■ , , ,• U . . . . v . ' , ... 2 , ^Bringing,Pesos to Falsatine,»” United Hat iena Bulletin» VII 41^1^ |5? 1949) ►, ppV Q4-8S*. Israel ; ¿tested 'that i t fexjuld not aflidópt the General Assembly* s ,1947 te rrito ria l division o f Palestine» For a detailed SSSp. o f the proposed settlement see ^Asaeab’iy adopts Plan for ■ Palest ■tine:■»,” United Nations r/eekly Balletta»-. I l l '(pp&esaber 9* 1947) » p* 77&* systa?» applieö» but, it. là ge^mî;|y;, trhat t?iè I$ali§A ;:ß^i'0u;i;ö& _.' • i#. ^yiça*.,Mfcÿa:> Efìttfe»» ,.tód;.frailan &Qj^i|aad w ill . : Pó$4 ~ utìde ̂Iba ./ ,;iwr̂ <̂ fceíaL̂ . rth a .,| ^ au ,aaitóiaf%, ba Jianái#; .by tòà Çounaiî o f . :the ^,ted: S-tetst3;, ...^a ̂ * a d Mngd.oa*. -. -̂ NW»ewkfc -:¥ÍÍÍ̂ 5sr.- .»Ä öhleb ® 0 ;ia Rondan. do.i?ißg fap-taraber » 1 ■'•■•' '• •■ ’ W tm ..* : . : .-. . 1 . . -.y.-. ' • ■ - • V • :' • / / v A, final ; :6^haa tha |i$miba: Gr;'PaJPie %m : tra s té a se fpa ipoltariiâ. _&*$&!$: alalia favor m •& .& . .. traateashiç.^hiefe^ea . » y , m . $ 0 p m .B *m : ... fay:o;r.^vylaó4ng,ífba t^ ^ ^ e h fp :,of.tha *foS0$ P¥ aaa; p^iK>aaia ;iaga?|fey p ^ á r m ' . . â*V t$ fëigR .;^ %, 0 0 M .;* ,_daaieian,waa, nat. ?aachij$;̂ ^ Signing #' í^aiiewa Páaa© Treaty thç ' 2 3 ^ ^ Îa^ âà^ fa aM ,à f.iffaffir eigft,.É iá laM *yá i^C l 194éi. %a£afáí^á' s a f í & S ' ’ gorernoentë o f the United States, the United Kingdom** the Soviet Union» Àà:ê fe|̂ jt;.;«éo :tO:i;ha^..^«n. t% \deei© ionwhich would then to put into effect t *- - * _. , . - ' ■ , . ‘ï . / • 4_'' . ' . . . . ' 1 . : ■ ■ '. ' ■ ' . ; ‘ ': , ..Althongt^ttet. ■ 0j|ât̂ î£j£ /̂stêiëi.. flits, ^ _t9^&§ : _.- -%Uê .. 's&ÉKŝté.̂ .. on the %tül*e o f thé former, Ita lian . , eplôn$;^%,,,; on the problem 2. by. voting to delay its- aee.elon of, Aprils 1949.* .. debated the, iome .fp^ over ̂a,, month tut -to no. ¡avail, and „'tïi.iô'., '■Sĵ ;', overwhelming vptp to postpone a • fin a l solution of the future statue o f the fompr Italian. colonie s a h t i l • its fourth rè^lan^^DOsèion. in . ïheréwerë many , and .varied proi* a • . • , -,r . , i posais set forth but the.sQst important waothe j^eallpcL Seyitt-Sforza . agreementwh|eh the' , p ppp-poal ̂set; forth by thé Fir et Committee and, was then ;bÿ Pir-st... Committee resolution. provided' for the- placing .of TrlopjOltania tpdôr Itôl&en 1 Départaient o f State Publication No*„ 2755,» o,p «o it « » o» ^i^See. pdap 2j' écnd' Annçx'XI' o f the’ Italiafe Sôaee îraaty, I>ep&rteeht'éf Staté' Publication No* 27%» Treaty o f Peaeé with Italy», Bulgarie» Hangary» humania, ■ arid Fini and» ÉufPi^ah'SarleiS ’1^ ai 8&±S9ï ■' , ., 2 Department o f State Publication Ho«' 5^90* fhe Départaient of State. Bulletin« XX No* 511 |94p» pp* ,4 6 ^6 5 ¿Sep ài'eo"SeneràlJle6éab$yJlffll& dialf. lieiorda cfVthp-" i-*: 194& '.feir at ’0.dan)lttee:' ..SuH^^^ Onited Bationt. Boc*., h . : # 3 trasteeship tmsm- tp. 19 i|9 :.ah. which timo, ail, pf ilbye. sa« tò become , ..ifhfi, rest of tibjfa .was. to he e^ih ìateréd .by Great -Britain ani ..Frane© .with t he, foi®©^; a dàini storing ,f^;r©nai:p;a and th© B'rench a<3ain* isteria®., thè. .fè z ^ n ;.^ was. attained in;. !$!%:*■■ , Ita ly .sa# -als®-:ia.'bè::giyeh-;t^èt©|sh^ .and $th©ap!Ln was to annex a Vi p f of; th©, western provine© which ■ «£»■ to.; b © . . .ini©,. t h è ; -.'. . A breaÌEdòvm ò f théypiihg among th©: b lg ’fonr show© Great Britain and laapyòiriii^. thè Sòvièt . ©nipnj^gaih^*^.. ; However:,., previa««; tp the .■General. Assembly ' toting Franò© ■sap^^ad-, . ŝ:ÌPhti^Ìiy( ih©, .§©mp,;y3^w-a& did the United States with the .ex­ ception that..^heppldi^dt: ©n|i|i|©d: to Ita lian Spnaiilandi.. On the other ' ‘ hand R&p$ip; ^ppOited U ttité.^ tfuBteèphip fo r t ib y a » Eritrea»' and Ita lian ,^ a | | ;i| ^ ^ b è i^ ó and afb©*; the Gpnéral Aasembly Vói© on Cwmattbe© iQnéé, proposal» ;:ìh, thè mpsntlme the .Italian e© Ionie©,. with .ih© .p^:©ptlott.,pf.. the:,:,Fe©©en jpepder:-’ thè .Ffexióh*, w ill bé administered v G . . ' by th© Ì&Ìb|fh!:itóÌb©#:i« o b ^ - colonial pu©è.tìon, in. ro lab iin■ £©. th© .Italian. Colonie©. haa been a pawn in th© settling ó f other <^^atiònà5; otherwise, a dieposititìnof som© &ind "’ ì l \ . ^jntor.©'lot FòCTer .Ìtalì.an òò|dhii©© » .̂©¿.©mbly ,.!^'f©ra Final ''UéòAalenV11' United.-NationQ. Bnilelln » V i Whà©1$, 1949) >■. J>m. .'. '/;¥ Jfridr»rhó£' Ó àe©.Vat6ò:v ;:; 1 ' vlVFaturé a f yò^èr,,|fc .. wióèv" United Rations Bulletin», f i (May 1# 1949)., pp*. .422-4^6; .See alpò, , t former Ita lian Golenies in Africa-Pròposaìe-before Assembly Reviewed». U^tedv.Hdtioa«..-;te llé t in ■à, I l (May %$$. 1949) , -tpm « m , however* auoh döbien isft^ ^ M : .öigfting: • V;.: ; |n, ̂ yember* # r e t : fa ì? d ;0 ï ^ i ^ ç £ vm . Ift^töd Stateä;*:. the. 0 d ..^ lî^ , ̂ f ^ d và:; Joiflt etstéffieïit: by whiçh 4M|»aÄ .., .would lôçô ;a l| .tfe6. the :̂ è i£ ld ; # e i^ d qroocugiçd e isèe the ' .-PcMÖÖOÖŜ flftd . thT *e ra .t# he. retened td ;*hiie K&ep wáe .te bfflfaifc . .., ;■ Ê - :. **fed and.;iááéf^aádnb^, , ,,. . ':; f . • :, -$¥íy 26,. lorthé,, C&iiéd States,, the: United KingdÖia*., «üft* China* The Cairo Declaration «rae te- be harried out é*d Jananes© sóv- sreignty lánitéd tó the fe «# hútm Island fiad ájaoft other island© de may . be ^ im i fc e d * , _;:íehí*;; í^ . d$ *% the . BppiAcr,:..'«id the _ :| © s^ date* .¿.«;M.-¿,MlWÍ^Vy:r...'.. j.>liV;¿¡'.w‘;tof ̂ iVll - ,.;•■; .y. .;>. •■„;.• .y... ; j:..-. -',. , . . . ’- J - j . ! ._ . J-; J ■•• ,./ ■ ■ .• 1 Baáátetmé^ Sa* gi# i t i see aide PubSicàtien Éè* l^a-rticioation o f the United^ 3 ta te 3 Government in International Conferencèa» July 1 ♦ 194l«Jtgie . . 4 . > . State iPehli.oatioh:- Hot’ y#- |®saB»fc&Ìe the United; Stateel^ Otfèat p í t a l o * Q.hina:, and the ...Sòvièt ( ühioh à'isèu.ëBècL to t ïCô?ea., .ai. 'the îfôôpôï? OonfefénP'S: Ä f . $0$;. . h?id„.tó .í^sahhí;»;. ,ï£^5 * .Under. the,:Kp:BCow -agi-aé^ht^ thè %îitè^. Staten and..- the,:Sèyiét ößipB. sfèrh;. tó; as'fâs® prhp.ôsaXB:: tp tlie:éô @0*7 . ,tö-,.pièjjarp the Kpíéarts for. indépendance ' ,0& îSarèfc 20» i.946*. the Joint Commiesipn iftèt;';èt ;3èoul:» tht agreement waâ aPtrenohed ön whlpft demppraV , ^tiè^phfiièè'.ahàt- in thp eneo* Ì«g^dièèu9Ì Ì 0fiè$\ In Spy' the iaht o í ’. thé ßvöetings: were. held. without any ‘" v v ''. ' : í ^ - ' ■,- : - . . ; ; ; ./; . . pufcptaatiä|. ........t it. wpa npt .t^tiï Sèp^ tomber:» ,i|>î í;; ;that,áh^^ihg;̂ cphat^pti?ö:; appeared pn thé apene*. ât ih ié . tima the thó tíniteii Na*. , ttptïè».,, Thè-..ÄPsprab'iy.. hppfed.thn reqneet p f the, Uni tediStataa.hy;. eiteiilsh*: ing .a tO: ;i^ iiß 0eht. thè, 4 ssö®hly*it . ;|&èp|ptiepì è t ,_]0$$00;/$!%.,,, fader. thip rppplutiph» tf ‘0 .cö^iaöiöhvtiä'ö to . é^d-.t© ^ »èh gè tot' .. the^^ithdro^al^o,f .B^sh îan, and,. teitedv0tötps'-;fçttçaMmtei. ninety days and. è Kpréan natipnai ppparihÿ:.#Pf#&* ■ So mention • : by thé sp ^ isS is# Sftd i t i^oîte^ éx$$^3y ■fe.̂ S: (jíí̂ a|̂ . futiré,* . Korea, could :;|^è'iÿ;.;bé, ¡a;;bëô&, issue: betten. .^vió li^n iteá StatéS- TelátlqriSf.. ;®eí*3|ap ä-. iíjia. :_qutú;ea¡© .retuain -in .dqubt,;'imt|ï ̂ thç Japqjnsse ' peacé tenas aro oénelud^d«*. Therpresent situation* howevqz’;»,., s t i l l leaves the advisability o f a four^pewer trusteeship to be considered* Trustee**» Ship víould give khrea: hsreventuai independence and would.ánsurG. more . Btabie and peaceful conditions in the Par East , as w ell as to reduce.;pre»*' sent wérìd tension* ■:..,. v . ■■■■;■.'■ i * Other ^nrSelf^overnix^c f èrr-itaries--■ .|g0î ĵ r'9a$»s. there . he.s. beian Thé;: possib ility o f the colonial powers bringing ' their .Colonies under .the .Seemov rather '■•. distant* .• ,.. f ihö ,.:®í . by f f * ■ahCr sur©, adro^ètering nqj^se^f*géye^rnirig territoriee to. propose trustée»» thoiS ̂ arene,not yet ready for .ss|.ffegsversmSrit:i . This:. yyj|''§efra:rtmeat, éf, State ■ Publiantxón.-.Jfc* 2995* Koroata IMebendéncét1 „ l í s r ... v-»yàesénfeiy _. . Takes, Up’ Question o f (Noveaa* ber 4, 19^7), pp* 591-9Jî éee a ls o ___¿»C Assembly Establishes Korean Gara* mission^' United Catione, Weekly Bulletin* 1|:í̂ I^^CnhC?' 23*. 19^7) if PP* 683* 6% ■ " y'.-- - y V :.r .'.;: ■' the .feed 'to eventual Independence oír .fo r^ th o ec j^ «hieb:. l i t t l e è r '09; hépe .alông thç«e, ./line's*.. : íj.;,. | . thè. General .^^00ây defeated the draft resolution % -failing '■■W%$&târé a. i«C*ibirdû majority ■;■ ■•' ; -. ' ^ ,;'"'“v-"'•',■'■$■''■'■’■. ‘ ■ ■/ ; ■'■'■■’ ■■ . which was re t ire d . .foradoption* _ . i ... .Pcrhapa;the..;.fai:lt»rè-,.pou|d be attributed,id the Jiaplioatioa tfeat ihèr.é «h#. &. .lack o f öonfidéhÇô /in. 'thè;’ ;àd«^Ì9tiatlop;; o f ; m ^aö^^gö^ rn iiig ;f$&* ritc-riec#, i i «as eïèô /à höt^ attempt.et «hat might.be termed, á véiíéd . , ediert $á, rçtfrft.e: .t:hè.rtruetéeetip' provisions a t thQ. Ghartsr; for-proviSion ftpi already. been made. placing noa-ae^f^geyerni% te rr itorá^e «»dér the $ÿ0êth .. ■ßecduffi. -:thé .reaeÍ«tio;h: ' bèfdèped on thè concision*, ocìonial pöu* ■eró: became. very .jè®$fu$k'Cif theì#/ poéitleh. ànd pointed agaln; to; 'thè Q.hartéi? ■r ' ' ' ‘ V ' ' prèvie ione fdùnd in Artici© 77 which makes i t Vèrjr cléartfeàt th© Placing "•••■.;■' ': ■ .'. "'* :.! '"■' " ;.s ^ ■V'v ' v .7 ; 2 ■ 0f\ fhb$ thè only liksly . -tç..hia pi.#Cd. under. thè .syâtçm gre. thèse' £n which thè ' l à having a d iff ic u lt hipé marégiag but Thè méat suit«?. • ^ië,.èx£ônpl|f, would. h©:. The SOthorlando-'. p lacing, certain- areas o f Indonesia • txnder the trusteeship. aystè» «hioh Che is moré than lik e ly to lésé- i f thè 1 __"Trusteeship for Hon~Se If-Governing Territories, ** United Kations W e e k l y >É»dtèbe;h ÏS&ÏÎv; -â»- tÉ M ï Sèe . âèé,eçbîy'é'/. Récord ò f the Second S e s s io n ,United gatisane■,Weekly’ U l (December 9* 1947), p, 78p., ; , ' 2 ,» uTrusteeship fo r Hen^elf-rGoirerning. T errito ries,n UnitedJfetjona- Weekly Sullert ln « I I I (October PS» 1947) f P* — it i — "~t i -r 'T r ' i m i i n i r i n m r T n if f— - t “ XndPnasiah ftepubliP dope not com© wader fedprbtipn; epnsliBting . p i the iietfee.piands and’ the; P itted Slptep; p i. Iriddnepip* , $pwp7pri; I f Ihp; proCeedp th. Ppph; p, plan j .phe,. »¿11; .apre-Iy, M , ibfp$alllng th© fp :̂ I 4tt|©'.p#©e&Ig$' phe; " X Fpr a b r ie f ptamary and a aep. P i1, the area See .^"What Future fp r ' Indonesia?” ^&P*iX» X§48^i. ;ppfc 2̂6r»̂ 0i :Sp© alep ; ■ Department o f State Publication,Nov 5088» fhe Department o f State Bulletin f p l * m i l , $©'»•*#»■ 1948» pp* 523*26* ..... ■'■■'■*'"" : M ié ffettetë and Trttâ 'eeéhin flygtemfr ' " I ' ^Bttì«s&ii>: jyert^e ròòèily .*#ré&fcs . ' that, whilè h^men:the, two:;'.thérapieÿs.i,sQ$^oniQ |js^rrfe|ta$; £. comparison thè truèbeôôhip sysbe» has bçën. in operation le s s than threè years#; whilo the mandat© sys** ItsfBfr •^^b%óíŵ íí ,-̂ Sïir'-. Whether the. two „ /difgèr i^ös&ly ln :ÄStneö. praetios ia|tob ciba** at this t% è f ■à# . lÈspi^dèàfe Aréès ' in the .Séttièaènta ." . . 'ibis ánd ; ■ ghartéÉ ln ’ fisíation.1 tò ' thè. Peace 8èttlà)agn.ta. , _. Thé; y réb l^ ; a £ ; hh©_ ;aiètks.s^t|ón: èf_ thè5, nDftf^trb&biitin^ aréas; ò t thè défeatéd. «htìhty.ioe: was-, ans., of. thè, fl*# .* ^taô^Vbt/thè, ént/.ó.f‘ bi>ä;ilî -gliil-VVM--,;;rfi¡ l . .-;,■ •;•>:: •<•" •••'•>. ?: T « « ' > - / ? |;ièl&&■*. m 0 à $ i ' Ä i i i î SP*- '23*?% ■ TÜSJS 5 L J —.. ----------- "' Thé ^ ö t ^ v ' whic]! waö. èstàbliahëa è;ë: ûn ohtgfowth o f the issue the disppaiiiga o f the: Gerjaan .aad ^ r ^ ô h ; . pennies» was .%, feà îity a ; I t ..la, èvfdtì|Kfc: ihât^âftigfa 22..p.f. thf; ,0o¿éne?rt, p a ïtiy :reflepteh the'.affeístá o f thé. ééôr.ét:. ffe é t lé a a i# ^feéisehtê, ihat wéfé;- sedé; duffing : thé. courser.pf, thé wafci. . ? "faon ty&,:P0£PŸ Q.f t f ohf®t;,, Ihtpéfi a iis® ease l#fbf;.á^|'Í3|í the . ■ ;;, *./'• T ' ; -■' • ' . ■ ■ ■ ■’ - ' ./; '• V :' .- ■/- ! Wéîfai'é Pf. dépéMeht. fceépiéf.. th?,.^éèuït /irás. né#; tpo fàÿér* ;éhì£ föir the;. $$*$$£, h a :. i n i t i a i ' adjhatmènt pf the d$òpoéì» ■fìéh éoionféétwaa hpt. pw^ipefftr, ^hae .tj$ heegu© iiÉé;. t ^ .xftandaféyèyétèà :̂ ̂ ffp re^ ' jsaia'riailÿ by fceîpg iipjpsd: with.. tfeè^^àÉ^. /thÍ!;;..ií̂ hShh Ife P if bepánje-: . /. i ê fe iif$p:& -«ith. feaay. p.f, 'I^ i a f ! the f^apé ; ■•4 ' - ■ • ' i " •aré té;-thé np-w, í •'Pr . .T • *; • .:.¡."'.-n :' Y'- Tp. .moré ;ító|y pafry, this ötjf.j. '#® » ia I h -n em a ** ' • Äo-. a ,iPéí!̂ i|L̂ , ĵÍÉs^ea '̂ é .raöch. vftü$ ,wp$#h|é. áppu* seat tho; tpyenáht^, ; ; . ^ ^ .,,__..y,,, '/ : jf •:••■.•, • *y~ ■ '■ ' '• ' "■ ■■-'■■ ' . ''" ■ ' '. ■„:' •' '■'■■, ... ■; •'; V. f h ^ ;#a.é; p f j h e ■ Behaasa. there ^ .:.i# ., '■?f .th® ••téïtitof|pÉ . àhéaiorvé'. to jipopepá. öeCrh ̂.ifh ttifft . Pönpprnipg the .dfepoaitiön; pf papay o^j^e#.a|r; ̂ 'Whiph . '. *I- éaÑiJ-fajJÌL%.-ti ì * ; . > W ì r i . • - :> '■ ' • ■ ■■í :,;-- I- Gee supra». 'If#- % 2*. .p¡* %% •ft-isr-e s t i l l under a^dattej* .fbUsi/tbip the IistionS w a ^ i n t ^ e d ' d u l y to **&■ ‘truetest&ip- system b u t : . t h e : 0 S f i t ^ # t e t i o s 3 pf the $, there is , however* an exception in the cage o f the Kurile islands* The o ff ic ia l documents o f the Yalta Conference do not mention arjy te r r i - - to ria l changes in relation tp the Japanese empire* One e f the main rea­ sons for not releasing, the agreement" concerning tho Kuriles was that Russia was not then at war' with Japan*v In neither the Cairo Conference her the y-etsdam Declaration was thore tx statement node in relation to the Kurils islands or the southern h a lf o f Sakhalin island which was given to Japan at the Russo-Japanese peace conference held at Portsmouth» i?ev Hampshire - in 1905* The f i r s t o f f ic ia l mention o f the" fact that the're was a secret agreement Concerning the Kurils a was the etatemient made by the Secretary o f State» James P* Byrnes in January* 3,^*6,, which disclosed that the Kur*t ilea » as well as the Southern half o f Sakhalin, were promised to Russia at Yalta* Prom Vie, efcandgpirrt' o f the Atlantic Charter, such an egf&c!^8t was in direct violation o f the f ir s t twd ̂principles -set forth in the docu­ ment* Perhaps a logical explanation could be given in the ease o f the southern half o f $althalin island bebnuae i t was, p rior tp 1905»’ . Russian Jurisdiction*, r A,8 fo r the Kuriles, they had bedn theoretically under Japanese authority fo r centuries; however, Japanese occupation was fa r from effective in cither Sakhalin or the Kuriles so in 1875 she was not xim rilling to consider a convention by which she agreed to withdraw from the Kuriles* Thus there is no, h istorically eotigtd baaifl fo r the: ee0*fr oret agreement which was reached ccnqsrning, the Kurile* islands* The future status o f these islands w ill undoubtedly be considered when the Japanese peace settlement takes place* in flay case this was the stand /ii& fgby,‘tho then acting SeCretaiy o f State,’ peaaa AcheSon, who told n£*j men that tfeo Russian occupation of the Kurile® was not a fin a l t e r r i t " io l battlement^ Thip was, however, promptly denied by lioocofe. i> January j l> 19*56» p*- 7» See also supra» *Qhap* H m -1 & 2*j>* 151? See* a lee-.feup'rh»- •£§ ra:- -1 * i. ■ peace s è t tX ô i^ ^ f is t ^ b n m p k ' i p f r * . tfcp^rid ; . m i t 0̂ th® '$ & m .m ..tm '.<*4® & i m $ m m m ■ : * m ,...';;.,.,;r i :(s , :;;C;,....t: - . , ,...., .;.. ,: ■ .. . ' / Tte § ^ ^ ^ ^ 0 0 0 . , ^ 0 0 0 ^ hm k^$0 :M 0m : % a e § i ^ :i g ^ . m :; :. M :m , m m k M y & . m m ^ m . m , m m m $ ° ï •##: ; v > ( * . '- - , ■ V i . . . • ' * ’ ' • ’ '•■ ‘ V ; ■ .* - - • • • '.> ' - , ; . . ■' ’ ’ ' • ' ' ‘■V. .;*•>'»■. ' ' ! "l i " ' ' - ' - ) 1 i •';v ' Y_ 'ft *, /-•.. i -‘ ■ •!. 'X These Bei^lsaents. pertain; to th# territo ries which wore d4tâ®hd$. from- Germany by the Treity.o’f Veroçâllep and t<ç> Turkey by the Treaty of Sevres which was signed an August 10, 1920 ifi$h the A llied and Associated Powers, and with tjie fin a l adjuotrapnts whxcn were wade at the Treaty o f Pease, with Wrteey eigped' at teàaanne «ai duly 24, 1925*. Br^or to or upçn the, signing o f these treaties, the V , , "B*, and ''"G” mandates were a lio * cated by the Supreme A llied War Council ¡and then, later approved by the Council o f the League, In other wprds, stab ility was soon reûéhôd* In reepeftt to the territories uhioh have been detached, from Ita ly and Japan there tee been., as yet, no' actual te rrito ria l allocation,, Though the Ita lien 'Peace Treaty'had T»een higgled;, th©r ït'ali'an^oplpnîes t)«ye tet bee®, pladçd under trusteeship, When thé Japanese Peace Treaty is concluded, there- i s ’the possib ility that i j w i l l ,produce a nuoh more satisfactory territorial^ settlement in relation to the placing o f territories under trusteeship. See ttopartneut o f State Publient ion'So» 2724, c>p,oiA».g PP4 53~7J9; gee also Treaties o f Peace 191^*1923» Vol* I I , opacity, pp* 769-941^.-9^9-1022j Sèéi-âlâo-'euPi'A?. Q:ten ̂ it, Tablé1 £, pp> n ,"1, r \ :: o, -, - .1. eèttléfoènta with'AuiftJ&e* Ŝüaä 'Turiepy#. Thè ordér wäe " " ■' ■' r " f ; . . ‘■'v “ v'.' ' ; y - ; " ■ ' ■ ■ " ;■ ■' tèyeréeà jaft.èi forld Sbr :the,A;^^ in.;, ad doing* ihd; easy» ‘ nohrednt-r over gì&I Bubjaete cduld bedispo ged o f, and tha.ffld'in treaties döndöqt^ntly.would bè,easier- to ;.negotiate*. ■ fta a. rasült.» np gen* e fa i pèae'e Go^p-rentìp-.-tì&s; öa-ll;ed .at the, and pf ; is. ì,5̂à..ig;; /fcö:-'be. .Jiiiffeö . consideration» but the Ita lian Ceiosiee and; the te rr ito r ia l appendagfee pf Japan taust bè, donaideredjt; Thcugh the treaty .pClicy pùrtraQdi Pi’tp i iterìd ' - . ’~r; ' Ì DSparj&ent: CfiBfeàta: É iàlàS> Pr&faéét ' typ ä ;;": n - : i ä i n ¿3 : . u & ^ , tin been concluded with, the enemy. sa te llite countries & Ita ly } See Department1 o f State Irtib Heat ioh No,* 2668» Par 1 a Po ace Qonferehce 19^6j Q-onference,, , y/^tVT- ■■■'■„ her'-colenice ih Àfrica h$io net ' been aatt-Iedi See • eüp ra » Öhapi The te rrito ria l appendages o f Japan w il l not be dpalt with until the peace treatyi'( There are, however » many complications which w i l l govern the pocsi- ». lì i !.. n _ L~‘ A». V a'i. At__«*.'___- . '-tò*..* tfedty' w ill njore than. lilce(iy emanate fypmy the,. Commission because it is muph , closer1 to tne ncenai T>V’ Ooirmieaion la to bo composed o f representatives , from Australia} Canada, Chinn* France, the Netherlands, New Zealand,» the Philippines* the United Kingdom* arid the Soviet^Uniom, There is* .however* another body -which; at .present j exercisaa, ;.f etr, more control, ,1?̂ : tho Par Eastern Commission* I t Is the A llied Council fo"7apan which consist s of the Supreme Commander* Bouglan r Mac Arthur » o r hie’ deputy* and a masher from Chine, the Soviet Union,anda member representing jointly thq United Kingdom, Australia, New;^a,land^, nnd' India* T0b.ib-:b#dy: .vise the Supreme Commander in rsgSrd to'the t< «fte: :̂ f .:ieurrend^rr* dcdupationj (footnote Concluded on page WaC aay haxr.e rpsw;!Lii0& in, fhK^he'rte.r.* Such iwp^Harit iepaeÄ.-äe the., plgoihg, ö f %he.;J^l|;aLn :ccion|eJe::undS? truBteeahlp-oi' thb conduötiüftg o f the gone pnsOfyed,. ' f t is that i f which have. nöt been e ffe c t ; Mpp$ cottld npw be/pipeed before- , th^. je t te d : Nation® -for sht^eseat;, £:. ;. This procedure \ :ths. ^ h sp a l. Asepably in:, the 'cash o f the fp:J03pr ftsiir»- eolation to the- problem has: «nt been ■" ■ . . ; . , ' i . ‘ , i ' \ , . , . . . . , . v . . , ::; . , . . v , „ . ; , - . . . - , . y . , . - . • _ '. -./•i', f ». copi^st offer.;ferid Sfe£ I tpwaigd._ thitef- furiiish:. jtiritfipfidiitt;. The .jfTteaty, b#: pro^iM^ for th$. tujfiJ&hi- ̂ tfroplf ̂ Ihl?#• to tte prihciphl. A fifti .and ■ JtilcswiiBsj>..the.fl^itjrybf fiauseCiie, reetdred-'Twrtey.; •renonhef' her .rights in. Certain tecritC fiae pi reviouely under her - $ufiedio* ■" '■':"2: v “;"■ y""; r: • ■ ' ' y * " ' ' p■■w•■, •■,■',■r ^' '■ívr■;■^r■,■“:•,:■. - 7 " y ■ -h • tipn* ; ' " 1 f h a ö j S i . the -territories: -that -'later- Came ander ■ the s(Footsw>tg 3. ffotp p* 140 concluded) „ . . ‘ ' and, control of Japan* I t haq'becpm© apparent that through this inter-, locking, control the Japanese peace, settlement could be held up almost indefinitely* ftlsp the policy toward Japan has been deeply influenced by the trend of Asrarican^Itoeslan rel&tisn.s, ¡Bb tfer, the United, Stats0 1 has’had freedom o f _ action in Japan while the iiusaian influence is at q / minimum* See_ Oepartment o f Btate Publication, ifo* 2888. Activities, .oi- the. Far Eastern- Comaisqio« February 26,̂ 1946-July 1Q« 1947« Far Eastern Ser­ ies To. 24", 19^7, p p * , l - l l and tho Preface, p» vj Sep elpo department o f Stata’Pubflc¿tl.cn $&&'2774» $p*citv,. p* 1% See a lio Lawrence %.* Io eiliger* * $ f s A -<$£ Japan1', Foreign,.Policy, Reports* X£lXl (Say t% 19^7] pp* ■ 2$ $ef twpra,; Shaft# 1* n>._ 1 & 2* p:*,,7*- V See supra., §feap .* :f.l,. a*, 2 ,p* 1^ ;!k smsmmmsmmm Stipiate. A llied War Çotiriçil taring and . a fter Vîorld War I ahouit ©najble the ft* geonpatìon and Ad^inl9tyati<^ o f .féT^itordèl- • s' - ■ iPrlor to ;their being.Placed under the Syatgffla :.■;■■.■■•■., . . In é^ppy càaô» . to raandQta wp.0 aiio.Çated tô the powerwhich already enjoyad - * i i ^ .̂oĵ taíTpi-IL : ..ibiwt Mandated territory* . After World War eo fa r approved, by the. Gonoeil éiaply eortf irffiéd the trusteeship :aatb* . ority as a j^b stitute. for. tk©' f oyoer spanda to. • ©nbherity» • 'fh# exception '.'■ víaa the Önited.. the. «Japanese ffiendated. ■ Islanda* 8yt Ja^t^jajliat^ s d ^ l y n ^a^'d^ltatléñ.^' tpuatédehip for œ llita^ . poeeaefio^ In tb.ia reapeot. t^p t ruete.®ohip sysr tea, ho® dap.llpattd, that. o f the .»andot©''. ©yobe2’*.- Nevertheless, there la • . thè. gèaélbi|#ty.. ̂ án̂ thiá..policy* ; Por inaiane©» the Ita lian . oolonieo I© . :Ä,̂ |L- the trustésehip ayátd^-j- fiQ.f ' a l l th©‘ pavía re p t San Francisco raoognizéd the neceaaity o f carrying on ths ;dpn©̂ ;byv béági^bf d» X9"i$ .5:^ . The ■ •- San P-raMiec©. vpp papapa jBb.ro. the íe-swlt of diprgeni ■idéala ■... To inoré,. fál.Íy, undeptand.. the, i.aa^.á.at., átale©*. -i t i a ’ ripPép0F$ t# eon*- . eider not Afilar.. Today* the p as ión is betwe.eji. the. • Rup;siaja: devanó fo;r natíonal - ̂ indépeh-» ■ dénos- and pbiit.ícal sé.lf^détérfflination as; tb© gó-á.i p t colonial góverranSnt ÓO.. t p oiie . h.ansi.;. and the, &ag-lb^freóph en-d. •:ápi&néé>.tpt p a ­ ternal aelf-govarranent and tfe© achievement o f democratlc- righte on th© k¿¿Beparpsnt-.Off.,,State,3&bMéá^on.Ko*¡ S^O f ppplt.»;-»;pp# 6^7*£5Í.Í& 2.Bateé fc.» ©p»6Íi»,-4-. ?ol» '%’̂ 'PM i ■ ,y.,' . . 'K , •/I . -V. other*' Bacii ©f the .Russian ;y iewnoint la th©-refilÌBtic défait*© to- eeé- the: disintegration t.he w©stey«: ;ov;epûôa3v ©t^ire3, with- an interiffl system o f tfuêteÇehip which «o «là give RUseia- a abai^ Iti the control ©f.:.o©l£àîa$.., I fhdugh the United States supported the" Preneh and vi©«© at San Francisco» this was only true in th© ease o f Chapter 11 o f the Chari©*.* th© declaration regarding,non-*self~gaveraing territori©©;«-.f’bilé- «h©© the fizial draft o f Chapter i l via© completed* i t Included onlÿ.©|élfî?, ■ ¡goyernaent à© the ultimate po litica l aim. In the United States |at©i|«: :pfe1̂tlùn -of. Chapter 12. o f thè Charter» , © different outlppk «a© ,!-©&©&#-■ ■-■ .^Ifygóyernaent to thè United State© included th© pos©lbìÌity:V0-f peùâ©nf©; f©r those people© who wanted, i t ,and were capablè.vò f ,ae#i©ing, ■ the reèpona.ib i l i tie © of an independent ©tate» Thu© at S©n; ;Franc i&co when, the issu© of whether to include only 8©lf~govérriHicnt or both ©elf-govera* aient and independence as one o f the basto po litica l objectives of the trusteeship system the United State© stood in between the conservative Vi,0W8 o:f the French, and érltlsh, on.the one, hand and, the moy© radicai, views o f thé, Soviet Union on th© other. In the, ^©suiting ©wnpronise' se lf© government and .independence were Coneidered co-e . Vernon McKay, ”£topire.B in Transition - British, french* and Ihatph Uoloniai Plans,” foreign Policy ..Reporta, X III (May 1* 1947) , ,p|f) . coBfilíot ¿̂.8 not oo apparent In thé taén^atO' system* ■• Also today* 00 under the League, the orge to epqui^. anOie- retai»; strategie hases lo I&,$$#*?■ ■ with the. ,idee^O ;o;f’ .d is in bo^sted ,!^ Oyer' backward . popples* Jt thuo.béOOíJéO adré app.a^ot. that the. mandate system wa# ö •• . oonceptipn, Which, beippgpd »ore ;,tp the oìd theory of oo% m i 'timstôèahip: t h ^ l ê ; . , . ^oi f s; to:t h é . p ^ y f ,e t ^ o r aâmin^ ietrabion thé» to the; posent; W ^\ .-. . •'..V;> . BV scope o f the Système- -• - • > ' ■ - .■•/'■' •;'.•• V ’■ V’; t;', .if.*;'-- •• .... •'' . '■■' : . ■ ■ t> p p ç & fc i t . Ä n , f f ;:|ho ü m tè m - & ”• there are . . . 0 9 , . ■■ o f o n ï i^ l^ o i* ; ■• graph^ . IM S i.â no't #je, onXy to. the te le re i pharécter o f the tùò: dèce*: . sento but -,1a. due also,- te. .àn. ôbyioua |eài:re tp invest the .TrOjstééàhtpr-. ‘ ■ ' ■ ■ ■Ôpunpjl|,oith: g ^ # r , J Ó # t l b ^ . *$t. prp4êfte0spr8:,;,.-;thu3. s it in g ;’i l sólo ,; ■•' ; 1 , - / . ..m Ç h a r t e r ^ r p y i l^ . : » t^à'; . . . . *#>Mtanfc o# '■ ;;: . . . ' * ’ V ?. . te rrito ries under thé oestret. o$ League r»e#ers,: adçee: l i t t le provision fd r tho itelfar© o f tba, ö f. t ìo ^ f© lfrgÖV«^iiig, _ Charter l i , thè decl&föticm;. :ré ga rding. fton~sol:̂ teyritorieö# .1© . not tó bo cónatruect .©e- pait o f , tfip ^»uetoéflìliiip ^©visiona of :the Iji^rier*. nsan̂ r o f Ita ^ r^ ìa io t^ ’ are» aeyörthaleas» haöiöally' thè sàise becauae fh© trust • to r^ to rie s are a lso , rto^^lf^ovorning»': _ ■ thè truateoahip System is ^^©Ö^.i30ri|- fleK ible thQnJthe Kantate the pr$ttSd£leS &nd, apt-hode^^^ f or ; tl^toooiiip'O conici b e . g^dnails*' èxtpn.dp.d.tp thè; ̂ WftpElià̂ ,. ìs;» -a t ■prasenti, bSing. tpken par© o f tbróugb, th.e ipdVjrmatlon. tranamlltted tp\ thè Sèeretàry^èTierai*; ,., The. :|p'iTniyigat(.( |ips$00̂ ̂ÓoMmlos.loii.. w® a, . aftnaliy, ponfinpd. ***•. *t® atìope to trlia'fe.;0d?. ;. Wìth th© negligibl-a and ©von debàtàp.?,©. ©*p$pttph ö f ìiauru» th© actointßr t Nation o f èàdh ^ye&. to^ whichi th© ffl&pdstp syftem sppìtòà wae ©nt^Stpd t& a, singl© àsndàtoiy, ppye n«;, . . th© Administrator Sras. ànstral;la*. brut. thè, pesìid^prjg; th t» pia0ß ^ p \ ao^ ttìe/Ufti.tod, Ki'ngd.<»a./-'Köre. to act on bpfcaif o f and b© ;?e©pp«$|bl;p, tp , th© :8ri tdöh ¡^piy®>' . Sino© thè flovónànt , •di& not. set .fortp ''àl^'^rp^l^^nia ;tp3 th© |olnt admlni strati©© of thè feandstèa tèyrit©riè©* thè &s»d©t© fó r Nauru was oftent^dar tssìae "'■ 1 %/ \. ■.•"•' :só.ruiij^*) _ ;1 Sé© Artidi©© ̂|| ©nd TÀsv^pje-niii?, .ÖJ. S©.© élse IMward, fiapbyo end Irland & Goodrich« àlèo &rticlö.^5 'pf th© ^yiigpè^^'AppeitèM1- .,J;. *-///. ;,*•,... « „ Thé Charter piesrly . rátóogniisé.? the. need :fà^ à^di^îoî3a| ‘typé© -of-ail*. iniai:etérlj!îg. ,;; ïtofely :adpir^'0mt'tvè ̂ nature le ■ind»$ais$d,: 'J0 th©. fect lte t the-ts^teesh iji. dK0*. ■ ten provides that %hë adMniatering authority may te one or tfâte- ôiat'éé'. ;■ ■’■"•"/' ' "' " '' ' Í " ■ / ©r faint,'authority ■ . "7 ' % .' /"r.; "'/:"7 "•; " . '" 'r1'̂ ' ■■: 1 thé tee,^o-t ,b© r̂t .put: ;ini$/y$S:;} te'treyér, the ^g^nlz|ifcion nt^y, t?$ e^'-ér.itóre o f the itgli&j* çpléniLee provided, - $ 0 the. t f̂li®<3f5!ít,p -áyeleai*:; . .•ffce¡-.àjS#è ,£f,.|%P©^'. Alee If.th© le*.^aá^atie#.had• b&eh put, late -.effect:-» the,.-Qrganlzà.tâ.0.̂ : would hayé-'-h^oeiíé -the admihieteriñg ' “■"' ' '.% "■'"'■■!' r ' ' " ' '' \ y " :? ::;; ."J v.; ■'.'■■■■.•■■ ■': éuihoríiyih. ■ Hé;..£d$2i$0&» there, M/thé :5Gee;lh liitÿ ' o f . a ■ dolleOtly© s.p:%h.àty ity as $$$.-$fppt. •% .joint. authority*.., An.; dppré|^at0r éxhftyl,®’, would- b,®: t^O /pfoppfea. f-our' power treëteeâhip; .fo'y^Orda which: .has» . 2: ' W f r ' S S í ’ . % See $&.'&».. p.* ISife i. . .-.• ... .-.’t- .. ./.■..., « ,,,,:. y ,;■ 4 Se© supra.» Chap* H » m-'|* 152» ’ The . . and collective authority is not very broad fen£-üfr fér- example» the island o f Ifeureyie being éd$Íaioter©d ¿ústm lia» New Zealand,,, and the United ftingdonu, They : • «fcith the present policy c¡f adalMetration* but there, is no fegk&!& fo r i t to be Otherwise because they are a l l i/ithin the British Commonwealth ©f Ka~ tiontv However*, in the case o f Korea the,-ndgijiie tertng authority would have been four separate and,distinct powers, Great Britain» China» ftuopla» $nd the United dieted, ¿totead o f having om of the.ce- posers to ' a© administrator, on behalf o f the, others,, as ia being done In the case o f íliuru, there, would probably bp, a ,cplJee.tive ' f,.. end. If; . aariiy *0: p the ^äbpäfete òf i t * ! ! f pí>^4^ ^pitiö iu . ■definite ; | S « bSphf# t?W ß t ^ .Ä n th*. fU*po:s4a: of the i p l i p f p î p a .................. . '" '■" ' ’ ' i ' - '" •’ '. " . - ( E i j B S B f : . . 4 g ; _ . i ^ È ^ g 3 î ^ ; öf aar t p^f i p© : ... ponalPg a rt ic i, M the . % :P P ? * p there , i f ; **& g e p p p sa * ' . '•• V " ‘ ■ 1 ’ ‘ • V ■ tïop. m m ô b^o ti^è f p thè '-.«m # , m m t k m : ■ . ■ '■ • - . ;• -, '.<*.- ■ • • ' • . " ■ . . . . . . .. . , ̂ ._ ..v _ ... V . . . , . - . -K . '. ^ ; . . .* . '■ ■• , . ■ ' - it i3 , ip ^ -à p f ip ì t : . . %, m: . f .. * »& . m $$$$. - m 1 gèaëpài. overall, d p p p p n p p ■ . the. i p ' ? v/lV; ; . ; '■• *• ' ' ! • * ' , "• ’ ’ ' .«'*•;•. -{ • ‘;.f . • ‘ ' . â g y ^ p ; , © ^ beosüôe t _ ■ «y»..:«-»>'■ » r:;,j.7•./ ■ «:;;yr.-J... .-, .¡.-> :;-.;-...--v>v,' i‘v ■ W Ö àif£è»©nt objective© tè aehiòVes.. Por An©tancèjt undér the oensktef* jèctiyaé p ip h ^ ^ le a ^ thè ; o f ; p s p e i é h p , , # h 4 : .' pere: «iaus©.© '«ith hh4, » other ■ aem^fBkp £ . o ^ ^ t ip ro ; .for; taci % n ^ à ^ t é e - é̂jPè . èttaila^ in. th&t.al'! the - *B.*:,«$re té- apply pro* . bidM: !&©■ 'ih«.: , . ^̂ --.^W, r^iivè: .af 1 t e i ^ l c p l , othefa-¡»ou|4 **■ ■ •-. è b è ^ . i à thè . . fa© Charter obviously' provides a fa i oor© sygteaatio approach to thè . èiJùrap|t^ó^;O f ; ;^ ; $;|3ectì$§p;r$ f :J ^ thèàè * *v ?,' “‘ ,:‘V *■' ' ' '■ ^;©hép;tpsi o f the Ghàì* the Char- tèjc> Article. f&,i$. |èvèt^à„to. tht$-t|è£ and:,by so doing èh^6# thè international pe'èèè: àxià i » nn o f native welfare are laeîdng,* v!#$$#$& .; 2 .̂ o;f ̂ pfé'viMon fà# the ^hot trêâtaôftt ;of, the h&t.îÿé.. _ o f .$6Kdpt®â, territory.* _._ ÀrMff.e jS',2;..;é>#f. iî^#-, í ? ' ^ ; W .tjtó ®^dàte jpr inr. ©ipAe'e# Ŵsi-. .; î; thé gaps ■6nd;;;:ìii- t&ìtìw|y^ nade up for. th© inadôyaaoiea of Ariioie 22y A good ex&aple wee the in* ,v:;; ,■ '•:■■••- ..y y --•■■” ■-■■■’*■■ ̂ '-A-< • ^^v--:,.,.-,...-. V;, .,- - " V ’ ''• £ ■ oppôMuhity; «^éh. th.p'u î. hp̂ preptlpnî .ts&g- Artière 22, t$ that efffeptsr ,-.... jgtqŷ e®'- .Ä- ., _ <>Tv. $&$;. popitiy© t^ rr ì» JÉ&Bt̂ágíHíi: i.ife are táfeeh; into- eop6i,d6ratioa* 2' Se© Artiölo 22* Appendix A; Se© aleo A rtic le IX öf the ííaiídat© 'ffep tè r fp f S^ri#,^ d '| ^ a iïp % appendix ijp ?,’̂ ',v '*.;.\ •' .' tn, thie -$09® the.màndate- .pypbéi& w&é: 3a?geiy, negative.- in /phéreptee* £P» . i t p é ^ h t ,tp\ftPót:éè%. % h p b a # ' d e p e n ^ t t o : ; t h p : . | t ò : 0 i v ;fc À;p t acèprdajopO- with thè pW- j;ep^^|j:0sii^ optp- fcpén preatéd. ahich th© fa& àM & ^é ;'óf-\ thè, trust „turrito r ice ney- empioy dà ' P̂ fiÈl .. p:|,; ;hap poìsmìtteit thè: ei;ng, awthpT$i$èp' 'te :è;;potì1iiming ìnterppb smà payttpioptìett .in. %-. 'Ofetegèj&éa..' yépM^o'MPtt te which fhev Aoolv ■ ._.. *he te p^pyidé' .pnly fòt\ thpee pélee . .hip e and tp riii^ r lP à eèpara.fepd. fro » Gpànany. and Turkèy às a rpap.it pf thè Fi rat. World ..Wai*f. .3$» _ ;e.3?it thè «ambe? and IdUiàs ./fha, teuateesbiF ^ à te o ' ! « tp,. bp/appiisd .éetpnly. .té fottiarp^pdabe^tèir^ bpt te sopii . tpiìép. hà oay £*aaJ: eni^.; ftatfp; ,.ap. a, eó-soit. p f thp Stìpònd «p rie War“; and tp. épifebibaffiy. pìacèd under thè _ eyatpr» hy . . : gaye^ìng tèr^ be.eiaced ’dada?' thè -;9y&tptó.i; .. ■: On- thè lé>ìp; ptdp thè ;tpFfi^r;ìe,f; t© b:p;..,pifào'éd. 'andar n^dat'd; w#i“è in thè '•epypìia.nt; thérefpré.,. thesp ^yermtórftf1 hàd 1 $èé :A.ptipÌp; 7$>~ Appendi* ,0*: È §ée 40^0& 77* spendi# %, to go 0f whifeh the QÇÿÎfnsavfc «r̂ ô;. tw&tfö porti#*.%> thé #igíJ* ■ ••■ , • 'I • • . . ;- •' .V' ■’ ■"■ ' ■' " " ’•.... •'■ :' - 1 • • ' *0« M -,_-:-S ..-.j- .̂-i-^ :̂. .. . ; . a a í g h t % d ... í t . .for. suoi*. tör*i|' tâéiëf :■ -'ttO; raay b.ë pî.e:p#d' : 1$; fhpé thé ^et©ra:, - i o . , v'olwrsta -̂ in ... ïhë- p^eodpre: tfi&r pl&otag . : .fhdre./hg£è on. the .'Banner in which wbs?©>l, e#© placed undë.r thè syotfea. 'fiilij; fro»* the..putèett / h e i n j d in. a; rapte harmonious öS the ^anÄät^ &yötBB S s # . ^ ë f’Âpâôwfâ, the trite ; döblepe .of thé p;ovrèivtì.;tè- which thè ©atàdapstë: -y0§ .,. ' Í See- .paragraph o 4* and ¿ o f Art io le 22, Appendi* Aï? Éeé' Edward Hombro and Le land f-i» Goodrlöh» op> oit ♦ > p. 2^9*' ' _ 2 :8î é: f§:f Ahpëhdi’<; %' , ....,;, .-..;, ,.; r :p .$e.è p£3^£sph 2; o£ AbpëMîx 4 Bëë Art.i'olè T̂ 'jt; Ap.pèftâîx % át any I f ’ v'feàaê̂.. ioiae- o f tk& . odwe-rg would œôrô- than i!âiiôd tompiate thé territòri^«; Mnàj&f ':......... ' ?,!' ;' ■ " " i~ ' ''''■ ■'; '“' ■' "' " " '; r ; " ■ ; ? :v ’" •’ T ' ’ ,; 7 ‘: : ..thé .ááŝ á̂ feei stàïieèiV'. -;. . ̂ b̂ .e.. hâe aleo been exfotöd. tö.ö^M- ̂ iu^fèg|tog:; tpi .f ï̂iitôÿ; œ i^étpïÿ pewé.rô. tö p la i^ thf Íímgye -iœgôïàjÉii'Itsaiô:; 'iaaGiâiÉ̂-■ ''t¡̂ *¿. acti on ..hae; Wëà tafeen iti . t$0 fû: t « other ifting •■ • 4& Approvai Of iha iij&áaát& $ääMä&& and S^gtëâéhfp: Agfégaents' '- '_., ; t fpe .É¡éth&$./§f , iô'î'; ha a béért ;■ -■■ ;■■ • . y ■;■:'■• menta thé, tía#,, Sëçaritÿ, COupcil l a .nôéé;ésàrÿ-«\, $& - . a^ài;fciéït|:; the m|ipdat.e, bir . é£|^gOr|ée*. , -JA concerning, thè- , of. dna &S] the .mandaté. _t.hh;,.á'théra within, that dahégoíy.;«,' whither ■%,. h’ f f *&3n hö& tfeê#r fÿpw rà l ih#- ^p rova i &" ■ Í Baker» dpyeit-«^ Ifiïîtii ì>: ppf 2$7-r27p* ' ! ... ' : ' ; ' £ Bei matraz Chat* ' ÌX»-.n% 2,- .$#. 5®i Seo Chap.* i l , n* It- 5 See Article 5 o f the Covenant, Appendix Aj Sop also Article 18 o f the Çh8.rta.r j .fii.Qö' Articla AppsndXs 0̂. 4 M&à6.ï-t. on:«^.it>- .̂ j>.̂ 5 ^ ;.ì$8 ■..... The, United o f the- M lied, and f gëOcîatéd ^oMfà.i,' h##., . .the., right to bé éonsvif^d. .when v the mandaté. ; charters •we rôv,fe'é;ing - #pprpV#d# ■ . Thon the.;Untt:ef o f the S-eagu#, was,#?*/ : titled, aé mi interested $ 0%èìr to : #£#roi##;hf£.: fight?' . i t i : éra t e . pew#ra;, g^t^f t£hp to thé prèvi«:. ■ ; »ions 9f the #b#ftéfëi;. /Such: action prevœïtéi an -earlier appfdyéil <3otm«:11.: a?. the ipegne decided to- With» hoid ifesif 'éfffìofài' 0oo#ovai-.ijtri.Mi tho $4ài#W ' hâê;-.«$$&$##& thé ■> .’. -r .-.: •••••>•• V-'. : - ■ ■ ■ • .......... tféety. ofiyliogeS:. òhe; sought in the. mandaté#^. , i f the United Stato# had ■àighèâ the Twenty o f Vertdillasy. thf mandat# nhartèrs would have. been ■$pp$*#v$d #t a# ear l ì or date-» fb®1 mandate: i^otefò wa# weakened ih it# in i» lia i; f>hasé#.h#eapèé;,éf ̂ this aâp^fa®*?#' tended to wèékéB th# Wh^lé atfuctyfe ó f tfie league o f Natiofta* . 1 Ib id , ppt 48-<$l; See elèo ganga, Ohop. I , m 5, p.T l i » The United State® had a valid claim tô the fight o f being consti 1 tod when diae.ueaing tb# f&toer Goman'colonies. bécaueo ahe. Was at vraie w l f a $$&$$$$% in fact, did, by Article 11? o f the Treaty o f Versailles, renounce a l l #ndt,fiëhi to- her overseas empiré.% On the other ■ handi When the '•' . 4$:#d̂ is'à̂ .ei|k turned to the t former Turkish, Territories., the right Of th# .Ùnti*. ted- .è-tàte t é be ‘Considered, ¡was. not very;, .sound, fo r she W&s not at With.Turkey^ Haverthejiéés , the, United States Cloi^ed the right 16 d# SO; bèë^uaë' o f ità contribution to thè Victory over Ger&ai|y# thé - United. States had the right to seek agreements; nòt onl^ administering the German overooas empire, but alec with those powers ad» miiiistering the. former Turkish àréas because the,se aegôtiatîone, were- ■Carried ori not .With, the 'fceagùe tót.bjr, diplòsaa.tìc action with each 'msètÊà̂ . tory- power, . „Séè Hander,*. .on.*c it t ì pp/.. $ % . See ,aleò supra* Chap-» I » xU Xt P*> I t n, % p’* 11/ " In addition boo Xe&E#e o f Nations O ffic ia l Journal, 1921, Part 2, pp«' <542-̂ 64J| See also L-sagùg o f Hâtions O ffic ia i Journal, 19'2|,»; 'Part î ÿ pp* % ^ M k ^ .'/■•■■' - , Under .thôie M # b^ep much .more es^h&sip 'in thè. approvai, ■.$# ' t òènted , fp.r approvai» a ,policy p f • Îi^art.ts^-i.t5r wad developed which pfO** yidèd it$r:'g, pypjltéro.pf p ip^tty ; pud, th®- ho^?^s,dcrtion;-:<3-f Special $eêi$iën§i between thè powers* ,'Ìn th is $ey_-the states directly concerned were.- not .ipp̂ eriâ eci; and; «éĝariÉ>T%fev _. $f pu$h'ft procedure: had' 1 In the approval o f agreements a lesson was learned from the ¡League experience. Under the ¿andiate system.» th$ ''£rt,tand'.l,G'" oharters* drafted with the assistance o f the Supreme A llied War Council* The attuai work being- done by the M iner Commission which was composed o f members representing Great Britain» Prance» Ita ly » Japan and the United States* Thus tte majority o f the members, represented^ thè power» tp Whio'b thp mandates were allocated* I t is no wonder that in the majority of cases the mandatory power had its own way when the charters were drafted* ¡Uthough the United States had set forth certain reservations in several of tho mandate agreements, they were not adhered to, or even reconsidered by the Council mainly because the United States fa iled to Join the league. The Council in o ffic ia lly approving the charters accepted the work done by the Milner Ç?osœ&iseion almost'in its entirety* thus making very few modifications in tho charters^ In contrast to the partia lity shown in approving the mandate charter» $ far. fiorò .appropriate procedure was adopt* >ed in drawing up and approving, the trustee chip agreements*- In place o f a’ partial!commission» which was..entirety outside the league structure drawing up the agreements, ,e,ach' stato drafted its own agreement and pro* seated i t to Coppi,ttee **■ tho Crierai., Assembly fo r approval,' In the proceed many suggested modifications war® considered and when tho agree­ ments were fin a lly àpprpyed,by the General A-SiSembly, .¡hardly any ò f tfep Articles o f the agreements were exactly the same aO when f i r s t presented. Thus the trusteeship agreements are the product o f a l l the members o f the United Mat ione* whereas under the league only a few nations were allowed to voice their opinions* Gee Tanpjsrley» oo^cit*,. Vol* JI» p* 257? See also Gharloe Seymore & fedv/ard Mandali $ouaè» Vîhat Pèallv Happened at Paris* (Ncu York» Charles Scribnor1 s Sono» 1921)> pp* 440«*445i So© . league o f .Mattona JSéc^ta-^ittegiéralr> *. Reoójrfe.rtQ.̂ 8̂0jcma. Agsemblyé'' h Supra» ehç f̂ù^ô--.'^Ç ‘V Jt* 5? %* 9* ’ -' .Wright, op.cit*, p.> l l4 ; net that vrtïietr o fo fe under the man* , \ date, ayiN®*- would heçft# developed*/ jMónth.a /and.porhapb: years would ;haye ;ô| ,̂é'é:d befcte. the . «̂ jb:. -existence.; 1 * ■’ i . * ■ «quid .hayé; .$*$&?. tile,. tpu.0jÈié:^(ip- .épiljp: :!thfJ îàiinç.il Côuiid; ¡ ' '■ : ' . - ■: - ' . ” ’ , ' ' \ not be &. su ffic ien t bvaaMf P& e p 5tiiPd*&# bad bfen .approved*.1 2 1 Juat such a situation as had developed under the mandate ayates would ©ore than likely have taken -place under the trusteeship ay ato© i f the propeí precautionary measures had not been taken«. Instead of the United'States-being the power that-had, held up‘approval ah Was the ^ ** ** * to the ¿eti^ liabing ;.;t h e :J ^ | # | ^ | ; dtVhe^eOn groati? , _ _ : ■ • ;■ ■ ■. ■ ;. ■ •; , • - .............. ..- • ' • • < . . • ' „ T h e , ; 4 i # L h ^ . h i a a # i«S t Beer- . ’ , \ i -3 ■ ' ~ ' - ‘ ■. • • • • • ^ ■•. “-; - . > * - . *- • : ^ : w m date p m M > m . M & f̂ fW3r îgp^ '• C n i t e d ; ^ fA0, 0ig ^ < i:o n , ^ : ;26* 'T ^ y b u t tb©: ̂ , . 3 ^ ; * . # ' t h e , . i i | t g u a > . t i a & » # # .^ tioB e im a i^ r; and the *.-> '.'.’s ' : ' \ W !--- 2 Tho mandatory principle» ca»e lega lly into fore© on January 10, 1920, when the Versatile© Treaty was o ff ic ia l ly declared ratified * Thus the principle o f the system was in operation approximately eleven months prior to the establishing o f the OommiBOion, The Council in its report to the Assembly on the responsibilities o f the League arising out o f Article 22 stated that i t was not essential fo r the Oommieeien to be established at once since i t need not enter upon it s duties until the f i r s t reports dealing with the mandate© had been rendered» See Depart­ ment o f State. Publication ffo* 2724, op.«clt>, p, 9; See also Lea5exei-Of!' Rations ■Official Journal, 1920, p * ?40* ¡\ f : W 3# ̂ ' %& 1#S? ^jno^oe;.cf..;thp f t r ^ j^ o d lo f e -' 1921»; 0» "■"" : V 1" ; ■ i*rg6u$iiipg. o f : t ^ y$i% thè |*|lp£l; five ^ r r it o f le :» to; 'Supervise».wIsb̂ ŝsì̂ ; ’-̂ fè̂ r,; ?eep;ónetbl;e fo r eight:-*. ; ' ' . -■ . Although' the weftdatè '.eyètéw ’ le, te r • ionefGtéd of. fourteen -territories». thè bsen-.ilesrly; ,;ré^$fi|^d pfhaying. aè; wany' tèpèttóilèS:- in i » t-ially ae fó M ìèM « . ' l i àuet' not: be forgotten, that. ttìe Pèr^èaènt Mandate# ";; "■■■ 'y"":1; -........ .11 " ..y^----’'^ - ^ - - - - ^ '■ ^ ^ / " ’ ' r ' % ' Oijèwls^é» Operated' fo r «¡early- a ye^r 'fiyè ;'% ^ waMatea* , - ", '; l,fhe: in térvai tst^fèn. the.a#tablioh^:nt o f thè. Sfust^sKip-;Ccj^aióil ' •• % e^ :, 0o0s.̂ !%i :Ìn;t^W:^e^' the 09u«ofl '-wa-s akìe to supervise the International trusteeship system alsoet as soon as i t be$gpe.-j$;p£#$t#yg^ whs f i f nearly a '-ĵ eèkìr-; ..-¿̂3!̂ .- ’f ; . y " ‘7;.1 r ;,V . v ■'“■'■ ' '.. ' . : \ . -«.ère f è^ frèd , by,'.Artie l e . 22. pf.;the: Bpyanantf. ' i?ithout, doubt» .the ■ fo l^w ed i h '^ p f evin'g. tè®, àèd. the:rwsy in èhìoh , thè'■ ̂ a.cbeeèhip. Council .early, opèration was a f i r néro: •. C’ * & -2568» jte# alob; guarà». Chap* 11« n» 1» pd ©2. The Charter vras not o ff ic ia lly ra tified until October 28» 19^5« See also ^epartpent o f .State .Publication Kot 2409» fepairiwent1̂ ^'. Stàté:.:Balie1iirPvtÉi* Ihe Truo tie ship Council was established-on OoCoaber 14» 1946,*,. Bee1 alsp; 2'-See eaara» Ohap» 1-.», m -U- éfe i l ^ V f a b l e * ^ ; ^ ' i & -8j. s.èé aie# supra », Ohapf-ll». .n* 2», fefc 82», ^ \, 5 See- eupra, Chap* 1X1» n* 2»' p* 159? fhe Sruataeahip Gounoil wee established on December 14» 294d>* and held its f i r s t westing in March» W % m -Bee supra» Chap* .li*. n*-'% p* 82 .& « * $*,- p* $5#-, D« O laealfi The trustoeèhip-. ayétea.han an 6la9:tîcitÿ whi.ctî. the mandate éyòtèm . te rrito rie s . Into "A, * ”B* " -and “O0 .© áti^riee ae provided f o r t y the League aandate '% ' ' ■■" r ' ■ '- ■;■ "■' -•''■■"■ :■;' ■■--.■■ '..' • • ■ aystep* ' Each trust ter rito ry. wh f ch _ if; under • the • new system. ié ’ 'aâminïe*. tered ni^ipding. % en. ■ngrê a.ei-it, tailored, to tb© in liy id * ual; Mr ç^©t ^ô©é. a n d : ? h i a is. in; recognition _ of: t.he . great .diversity, .6oater£«;te?^ the. tsùat, territories with respect t© population^,.resource?!». •gê©gr©phié©l 'Location,;.and stag© o f a^aucfifflont ,. ,. .. although th© tausie©Sht$p; ,;0y©tf3,do©a àuéy, with the 'torri tor lai. olaes* ifioationo found th©|$. 4 ^ two dl$£ tinot .type#, .Of. ; -isj-fv.. ̂ô:ô|ct3P'iLX5(sr̂ te:rm. .strategic .and non»* Sirétegié are oppropriatç,».: fho ^non^sil^^giO: areas cpxn.o; under the Gen*» ©ral. Aseembly and ar^.hè^%^..#hr©ugh ti&i,ffi©d|u8i' thé ^i^oteef hip gonooiì Whi3?é. tfe© strategie .areaa. ooffiò .uni©* thè Soóurit.y Council',;. In th© nandàtè ayotéo al l tfeöt taratori©;©. «©fé: in it ia lly subject fc© the '•■•'; ;;- : r ■";■■ v y ' • '^ 'y y ;■■ y :. .; • ; ; ; ' ■ ju risd iction ,o f . tho .Leagu©. ®©ónteil;«,.. ■ >;~vy v >- • v; ?y -: , ̂ _> . 2 $e© : ; f t -; y . • . 5 '£#é gg.prat.Qhapÿ. .ty.•;$# ' - ; - ■ .. throe diffPt§ht,/ íc$rî 9i¡; ö f , ptepdé^éjè t̂hp reaéons; .for the. di<* vision ,lbptwp|fr :eitgtegá®; .ehd. Petritor i©a sitìst t é • taken i » * f ..^# -̂=-^*: t e m to r * . Íes tp .-^liB fjr the divergent; needs o f the various. mandates. . the only; néañs o f providing . fô t • ^ e reason fo t . eweh a designation mb: the feet. thöt.eertain interesteä c o ^ r ie p , nacwi- . % .pp^ïfts have aeoepted :;the a*n&&6 , f h i s . ^ ^ the .system and m p . fi>* thô . h e n n i t , ' P a l e é t î p 0 : i : . and $ $ & were m nier^ily 7thp, réepgnition,s3.vè® t * thöa‘1» . . paffS^ph, 4 o f $$£•,:"|'t given due .considera* ; t ^ n f ^ the $& !& » . i a ^ in g , powers átoo8t _.ae;;arüph f e , | $ f Y Ä - the inhabitants* . , did not 0m ï thé thgpe . ' ; , J , .•,,,,. ;'.■ . . g, ' . .,- ,.. thô. le s t t ^ o r^ ^ iv e yèaré .. -.ijiii i iÉ«¡M ifi|fî 7j;^i j j ' f I..;7if¿ V>.;ii>f¿i r .,-^i iji--; , ;S- ;^,.-.i ^ ; i .'see;.çaîieg^ph# 4,. 5* and 6 :ôf. ¿&^gl$ a¿> ' appiedi», m ... .. • ' ' :• . K,>: t making it tto longer i^pe.öary. ^ .é a íía ÍiM t'^ 'ré ií^ ítk ^ ^ Í:t ín .^ f territories • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . y ' ■ such &&: the mandate ay atea developed*'' . .it ; hapboeh ' recognized .that thé ■varietîo#9, i.n: the l ^ r l i o r i e s i ç ^ bétakan into conòid* . pration by epeh t .J»"r̂ d̂u’4̂St' it. oonfpms to thé object tìTpo sé^, .-$« the general 'objectives . o f the systen? apply., to,. 6.áé.|i:¡ bprrit#ry;*; wherppip-,,' under thé mudate syptéffl- only .e^ftein. claea-l*- fiçations, . -ö$ atteiapt . o f these te rri tor** , io e :apr. deveiOproent*; The man* .déte- éjíéteip.. íjoulf have p-ötually benefited* ifiéedb. a/;paiicy had been .Éal-î WÔ è̂; .' . .- : . . .........../.,. ';. ,„.v. ■.. . thé ,divia$on>. 'ibgstf ie .entirely new., ; a rtic le .-22:.bîadé ;.po..^ té he playèd by . maaadptpSfc .in to., international, ;sM;. security ». whereas onp o f the basic objeétivéô/ o f the tîtartéeship !systeas: l a 'the. .ftt;rthëfancë; o f in** . '■';, ':';"■ '■ ' . ' " ' i,;V'2r Z'1-"' "^ ';" ' " ' :‘ ,f*-? ■-■ ••■'"' : ' .p: provisión ib .pf-ovieien.'.^ area trustesships «as One. o f po lit ica l bargaining* ;' .■ i...|f.tîje.,6;,iasBifîcation of trust territpÿieà .ïicfco. %> n; !rtS^*:.$v *?*■ ■,' Categories were need today» i t »could be considered an a r t i f ic ia l ©lassi** ficatioîi. Sine© a l l the countries recognise the need for the continuation Of the work done by the mandate ayetea, _ there, is no longeva necessity for . the type, o f 6oaprooi;se that . to.p^^^ the' .p.rdvieions o f the.- mandat© te rrito ri Íes ar©’ lOokeduponaS being p;otentÍRÍly eguaÍ» thfcs there la ñ o need fo r any special po liticai con sido rati, ana such as were granted té "the forsSer ....... . . . . . . . .. . , . , . . . Û Se.p Article |.6 * Appèndi* 0* ■. ; fhe r.easpn. that the Big ¡Five fa iled to ftoid their ppelifflinapy seat?* ingaon trusteeship /prior’ to the ßg&üiii$0&.&bp0 t0&ê wasvbecàufe o f / the controversy 1 » the ;&nited. .Statéa /e^er_ wh^thép,. & thé fo ire r Japanese, mandated islands or to .place;them Vftd¡ep . truete.eéhip> fesnthe dlséueeian &f -̂ h.’ .tfe fe lted States ■ , î ö0'- âithoaghx thé British at. f i r s t protested,, they and Bun eia fa iled to disapprove: thé/liai ted ■> ■■-:<■■ - -•■■"- ̂ ¿ ■ '■•- '̂•-•7 -'■'- ■■'•■'■' ! ■•■■■ ■■"•-■>.■■ -yv;. 0*4p,, bikew 1 ae i f the f e a l t y fe u fe ll had*, to the d ie* ' :esbisÍfefeoÍ£t o f the fe lted States greatly amended the trusteeship ¡agree* sent which was. presented» i t is highly probable that she would have re* fused to place the former Japanese mandated islands under trusteeship,» . &*; - íjahá&fcé Chartere and- the: ffruBteeahlo • ■ ._.■■• •_■ ■• Agreëaentst ' ; -, $he prórieions .f*âxïp4.̂ iri hobhhhe: ahd thp /tryet^è*. -. ■¿hip âgr©enK^a ape. .definitions; Of t;ha BQànô.r:; in Wh.ich thè' prinolploé idown Ili- ápiipí© M Of, the Covenant and -Chantera I I J ; ' i;h@ United Ukbione f aré tö vbe. appHed* Thus in .order to Corapare tkem^moze fh lïy , i t w ill :bé;pw^iéaáfy' t.o..Pe^r -|#jpfe; bp. the: .ppinoiple^ found in Ait to lo 22 o f the Chartere .^ïl. abá ó f the Charter* • &4$&wi®p. rofefö«©©: w ill , continúally pé aade. ponéerning. the öblectiypf . of the two ay ateas», but they w ilt hé: ^pppo^twei jínttroly -ff&s. a , cobaya» . tiVO; ;potnt tìf yt#W*, ...r . . ......... ;.. , . ■ . •-•;■ - . A j^çh;jBpp© in, the. oha^ than is^found lit the Soyonant a f to&hst.thp mandats;.sy:8tea.actually' . . . . . . . ■ was the ' ’ ” ' •. ■.■ ' ' meant* -Cné.cf tfe® aptfcer# o f pafágtnph 6 of 4rttëlôV2;2,j^ppiòeCfl pealing yith^thevyaiiáátésí^ «oro tè. be included; ,iñ the treaty, Of. persali lea,- or fora ,anno»©a to I t * i^eCfbly, this la ;piaa;,0|?,i the. * ô^çne : 2I-& ■ Because o f the, fâl.l«r!ë:. tnhaye th®. ojtertOP?,.lhcorpphate:(ì: into the .p«ao& _ the Charter.». the ón thy . Articles of. thé- individual.. tPùçtçééh^ a®: wó® the Oa&e with . t aosponaihiiitioa o f t h e league Arising out o f A rtic le M * Mseábly Doe» SO.«, lè i , hrmpz 4, 192Ö» p*. 1% . the Jódate Chartere*; Thera ia* however* a. greater dependence on the t*# Territory o f thé fPOAfip. Islanda* fo r the Charter . dpeç, not. ^d^quat^ìy cover strategic., ( typstpeship:*,., Nowhere...in the Charter .iatheye,. if#, ißcrtgpeäS' #n.;^ä^s!#t# the ödrainistoring author* ity -o r a definition o f the Security Gounoi 1* e posero relating to strate* ;'■ " '; '"■ " " i " ’ ’ ................ ' - . " gie truéteó^hi# agreement s* .... ■:!*, Général QôhéidèEatlona > • The. terrae; o f atoinistrat.ioo were erabcdlpd, in the mandate chartere Jopt-ñs. hhfy..p$?e. tbp. tx#pt^pphip. ngf#e^ntp* the lirai« tatióáá:.'úpon. the authority o f the. mandatories. d iffered according. to the charters Of . the ,ia ̂territo ries nA »0 ^B, 0 and _ ”0% AlthoughjáO . is , hpwpypr^:©, division, ha tween.; ptrateglp. and. .npï»ptrategi,0 pgreemento* , As a result# there i© a noticeable difference in the powere o f the adrain*. ■iotéring . f$théyi.fcy;':;!t»héip,j^!^á|^ • ; .ffep. problem of comparing the.^ .re ;..i#pçrtant provisions found in .the; two système . ^ aad.e áli... tbp,mc»rp. d ifficu lt bpöapee ;of. the ...great p ifferi:.. oacée. ih ^ r r i t ç r ih i ■hlheéifiéótlò?#*- Secpupe there were three .typée o f mandatée.*, the, teak, o f based generally act on . the eyeteraap: n,whóiè. but on the three individual types within the py etera* . i. Seé Article© 82 & 85* Appendix pj See also gdyard Heraibrc & l«0|and #■*■ GOOdrlCh» . Op*¿it* » . P* 2#é». :,_ .. ir ,' .;; 2 See- Supra» Ohpp*, 11* o* ?» 5* & 4» p* 81* '. ■ ■ . Likewise» under the . i s rapre than on© type o f trtistèej^ip^,:ThC® j ^ à i â s ï s i ! ^ because .the. .charters, a»4 QgPôéaerits h ^é boon lndlviduaiiy epnpldePèd in ;§haptsrS. one and two.re^jpptivoly^....̂ te . ooraparisohe w ill eyolye,.Of- much . a s possible*. Ojs;..th^V^c|^fiC S S S S b s l f f . ,,.: s-,;. v. ., :. The .àèB^etO fing. authorities under both Systems. had oertàin rights ' . In- regard, to their. adm ^eiration pÇ. the. t^rritorie.B placed ùndeÿ thofer t . ' Supervision*. ' ;fh© pCwers o f . lég is lation ». aésinisirat.ion, and jurisdiction are very iopOrtaht:̂ . ppwer» ce are thé provisions per»* ■%ââüei-iiàè. -tî#?-. are to be éÇnsbliuted into custproé# fiispal». pr: adrïi^stretiys^ Se i^ ité fiee uàdor the joy* lôdiotien ■ i The adnii'nis^ring ..authorities..were. naturally interested In protect-» l a g , their rightSi bat. o f ouch. -more ^po.rtahpe,. were... the duties that they .were regpiréd. tp,, ̂ eri^r®*;. Th©eevduitss'p^ to, the administering , authoritics*' obligations to., the:;. T.ï^atees^p, Council.• or Permanent Mandatée Commission, and. the other .prinplpa 1; pjgans p f the two internationL organs . isations>;,. The obligations déâTt priinarily with, reaponsibilitiee pertain* thg- t o . . t h e , r i g ^ a ^ a n d t ^ n a t i ^ . ^ . , .; « Such pfm§fatQ$:. as answering,. sttSetionnaires and preparing the apnual reporte are very is!PO,rtant,.fc)r they.:are proesdnrea, which haye kept the League » jadwthe United' $atipna », Infortnedon conditipue in the territorieô under their' seperyteien* In . this, jparner the interactional organization yas informed as to 'whether,. the. Rights, and pylyilogey o f the inhabitants have been properly safeguarded*/ ’ • ■ fifth the exception, o f $he "G" Handa-tea* hath ;sy stems soWght tO; Cafe*, gOard,: the. native interesbe poiiiapjiiug!, tf: :iand transferals* ■. Provi'S-iorte '• relating.: $?.. sliyQ.ry. and the olaye trade'vend; forced -labor a re to be found • in a li the. agreementsvend a^arberay. o f the strategic agfeepent fp r the Terrlt?^ o f t ^ ?hhifih leilp*d8>; The control o f the .• tra ffic in arms and anasunition and the t ra ff ic in dpwge^ere also oentioned« Other ■ese^ntiale are to he- fonnd which are' similar in nature;, sneh an. pro« v|f ions'perta^ :0 : re lig io n * , Articles /pertaining to e.duoa» tion .are. to be. t ilt they are alaoet. entirely lacking in the mendate charters# I4.ke*iiee> tha iaandate charters fa iled to |n?oyi&c adecOateiy; for . the promotion o f the ne£ial advancement of. the was devoted to their economic welfare than i s . trite.wader, the. trueteeBhip .ag.reeteents-.v-' - The develoj^ent of the pOpU.iis&$p^,pf>.ibc,.t:C^ and inde* ' pendence was mentioned only. -in. respect. to the "A". mandates, shared® A ll the trusteeship agreements declare the. trustee1''© intentions e f aiding .the-:-in . habitants towarde the coopted. obiectlyee, 6f. Ge.lfygbvernaent or; indepei** d.enoe* There were also proyiaiona in the trusteeship agreements dealing with the. general. advancement, ° f the .inhabitants^ Tbey^ were,. however,.,not. given t ^ ¡»nndatS:; charterev- . The: nandate. charter» tended to indicate, that the principal beneficiary ....... .. •■•. - ■ - . • , - . , • 1 See the SaffiCa, .Brttish' Togoiand, and Syria' and iebenon, Appendix Bp For the' texts o f the Trusteeship Agreements, ape euora« ^hap» i f » .n * i# .P * $$&. w&a thè ihternattonal coaiötmity at lapgé rather than, thè nàtivi popùla* tiom Thus «M é r thè mandate ay stani. thè rights o f thè inhabìtente wäre not stréeeed .ite much as vere those o f thè pandatories* . An än ilre iy ., different, àpproaOh’ io ueè4 pftder thè. trueteèohìp syst^a4: The. ri^ts,; of thè. inhatitante, ere o f priaary cohéern end thè egreemènte set. forth in dateli thope, previeiene pe i^ in ing to euch rights* The ree«»- epn fd r jnaeh/iPihberetion. 'thè.^harten rèoegni'S®£ . thia.t thè benefits to be dórived ffora ap ò lìo y of guaranteèing thè rights '.7 .7 ‘ . ' , v 7 - 7 • .4 . o f thè inhabltants. w ill also, .benefit,; thè. ini^rnetionel •dopapnity* In . this wày. thè. rights of the:,;:#dii4^^eiih®.^àuthoritiee w ill not tend• to eyòrehadów thè Rateai whlph déal with thè ndvancement o f thè; ;ihhab$t^fce Of th©: trust tOffitoriOef ■.. 2», M ilitary ^e?&eteas _ ■ ' Ì4E» ' p o lit ic a i, .and itary proyieiione, p f . .̂èììp̂ . w ' be* eause .many o f thè proVielone :pòùld,'■pertM^’ te- ty^ ;%r.;^»eibiy agéao o f dlsouséion» The, teak» howévér» i.s iisadé éeeier becauae o f some nèw and strlking provisions whlch pertain only to thè tfüateeehtp -.syetem,«: Qnó o f thè .JPost.etftifeing d iffe^ i^eS ; ^twpen; the;.two aystears la in thè. military provieions* The n&ndate eyetpiB r.es.ted Oh thè implied aéstimpr tlen that ft® màndatéd territo iy èhoul d fpreper be e z o luded from thè ■ 4 See Artìeiè-'' Appendi* 0$ * ' :0 î©̂ '_ .-0̂ défonce fÿ-fcKg./Ojf. ay^/tjrpe t?aâ fprbiddènj; and, atricit: .liédtst îona.on the m iiliaiy tfaining ;o f natlyé.ë: fo r dofénelvé purpoops. wôre tmp.pse'd» Th© natïy.e;é:..,. éouid be trained onlÿ; foi“: thà..,pni$éé0;8 o f ïntprna^^ poîîcê and the iè&él.. défend© of thé. ^ rr ito ry ^ .■ Jû.’thÎé . the mandated téntitofy- ttoul d moi bedora© a sottre© o f a i l i&arÿ strength for * h© isanda* ■ : ' " ' '••“ '■ " ' " ' V'~' ' ,v Y \ - ■..-.. Y ■■, ■.,. ..,. .,... . .? - 1 , ■ • _ .* '. f k,c. ¡•' ' ihor©. w.eré disérepanéièé in t^ is aypw©d ppiîcy .<>f demlll tanisation*.... For. instance» in...diréét violation o f paragraph 'p.Qf 'Arblélé 22» the- . f b r , fogoland and the ^ameréqna providéâ for the.. recruit^ônt .o.f . natavé: aoldléro fo r général defenaivé purpoeeàt inclüding . ■.; ■ • -, ;■■■ ••-. •• '■ ■• ' - 2 " •■; Z*' YY’ Y Y ' " ■. •'■ " dütÿ antéld# ,.of ttip, t©rritQiy,i.: . I n . the' oase of. ”iV0 mandaté éhartora, the • :#ârtd&téi^.^é:.aïlé;!#^ nndv.p.orbspif.. t;her barris*' Thés© forcé© ware t© bé uBpd . In the défante ,pf . th© t^ritory;.. ...îtofééyer,. thé/lpc'ai- mil.iitia .w©rè to b© orgânizpd .and, .dèntroïled;-. by. the. mndatbïy ̂ pp^er but «ere *©• b© plapéd : . uadëP the- ô o h t fp lp f ■pondîtâ.ons. bëedaQ :.ôtabi#j wae: to b© ueed p.riçtarily. f p r ,the maintenance o f érdef and the, défense o f the téfrttofy». and thé consent o f thé* ffiandatoîy had ■■■ •' .' ' ' " ' ' ’ ‘/‘."'■'Y'."".' " " " ' Y ' 1 ..Y " •"■" ï ' ' ....... . to . bé obtalnéd #o£' their née in any ethor entoipM&&%, ■ Ctee o-f the éhiaf • -- -r'-i"; * : :,s;'v~'• Y*’1' ' ‘ Y ■''• ^ ■S ,Saié' 4 Of thé Mandaté fo f Saicoa». and ir t ic ié 5= df. tbé liri# ' tiéh- ^ ^ ^ vfé^ 'fogô iattd »,'^ ...... •*;- ';. 2 Sé© gùnrà» . Ôhàpy î§ - n». 2 ^ 5, ;p:*;. l4w. :,..., J5 déé Àrtiol© 2 é f thé,Mandaté for Syfla and Lébanon» ippendîx 8;*; • reaspjie .fp.r the. more elabprate railitäry proviaipna in the nA” mandäte'. chartefp; wps the. highly unetablö pon<3itionß Jji, these. territpriee at the time pf the d^wimg, ynp: o f thpif.^art^^a*. _ Sven ei th tbeee yarlat.iona»; ths «andete, aystera was, s t i l l , cpnaidpred. ae oyt pf the general eeeurliy System for thoee nations whtch adminfetered Mandates* Thya the jap re pa« öif^pjhäraptpr o f tho coyenant haf been clearly reflpobed in the oandate syetpm* The general ml 1 itanoy o f the ;öharter haebeen fu l ly reepgpized by . thp.;b;>taateeehlp(.|yptemtv-2h^ terfi-* . torie.s ae having a. defXnite.^^^ world .eppurl.ty., systera* This ob** that the actoinlatering authprity , l s t o Shell play & ite pa*i-, ;in $hej!äa|)$ena^ In . additdpn*v.the ybfii^etpjfi^|r £$ttee^|y.,.if:.e^peieplyj?e^|i|^d, uep . o f voltt^a^vfoiPpp* : not only for locpl purposaa, hut also aa part p f the general. System o f •'i 2''4''''':’ ....... ••'■ ■''■" '■•■ ......■■•""' ppll.ectfve .talsen together». ehould ©neura fu l l contribution tp , .._. ; Th© m ilita fy .prohibitipne...p f ;,bhe, .mandat e eyetea. ,prpyed. pnereias, in soae pappe ß tp . the raandatory ppwpro» whioh unXitoa Japan, 4 SeeA it|ple ^ 2 3#e Artiole 84, Appendix C« honored thei? obligations under the £pyeaaht* . ,.,;AuSt?altdt Ifew Zealand, and :Ç?eph Britain . fp:X3.ô ed_ the '■'Qoyenant, ' t a . .the lette? with regard to fo r* a?. .i»̂ 'i;̂ .̂ atäe5t; actions in the oâ^dûted t^ rr ito;rdea.4f Jhe .aG ^th ,.^ lfM va?aa*; : ;0n- tha other hand, dapan, .to,, the OOv'ehant ̂, fo r t i f ie d . and ■ baaed a, :huge; a t r ^ r s .íd?de. on the . t h fn d l$ i^ ß # # ^ ... .S ^ ä.:iBW(ft4_. tase toffattaok ?e$r;i Berbor .and tc,;òve??^ Haw Guinea andpthe.r areas in the south ,.fbe. Etóndated islands njad,e an .ettècti^Q- -screen; which' prevented the. ^attòd to th e aid o f ^uanii, the fhilippinea,; and - China* , Thus rapdern warfare, hae: 3ho>m that the theory' o f the neutrallza»- td<Ä d f, th è 'a an d e^ „, ;^ ;o| ,.;thov0?o ppeitiye!; tn^ceraaata, t e s a ? d f ; ; . | mon* dated ,neh;,miïitary.p iov i* > . . . . aió$e o f &hB,$b&£^ deal ^ ith the^niilitary require* meats; ;i», two: ways*.,;: ,Qn© $£. the.Âeià,...reaewia, fo r th ia J | ^ ? e ^ ^ ttd h .w ö a ■ thè titter..axpeii^aa- .of: the;.ß^tdf Statee in the War.vwith' Japan*>. The .fïpiijê̂ ieŝ -̂ Bp̂ .gtift mandated J d r . • . landa,.neve?., again :y ftäd ;,beQ ^ M:. :^ngep: j o in t . tp;.-sèrsecurity system! '; . *§?©, dh the forni o f a whether tntóer the Trusteeship Gounòil or tho Seeurity Council, 9ay new r " • ' ‘ . • . :.. , *■#ea »to* 278», pj?»e.dV.» P« 15- 2 Ibid , p% I8i. ’ 1 : Property centers o f fflUitary. power* v. . 3*- ¿eonoaj.0 Provisions ' & S* V?®P*r9 °? > ^ \ m m ? :% :..,. ■. .v„ : M m ^ m - . . torlps. ,.̂ 4?g?erpt.. doOr*" • th^ r„ ..Ilk, the; » i ’anty, . ^n ^A so rlEJin^ tory:.:ti^at5ient: ior.ather:..m^b^^^^ .. Likewise* ;--̂ i®Wi4-..; charters-,, even though,■ ••. ....• ... \-),mt̂ mj^ .î ^y^m*OU;ir. :V: - -ll a-W v.-'*. • - -.¡.V-,' • - ■>' ' '■ . .X; S©a Ar^.iol.e,s 8J 4> 85» Appendix 0*...... . •„ .... 2 The "open door" means equal opportunities and treatments fo r the . citizens o f certain interested countries and their enterprises in some particular territory. .Under the League and the United B&^onS, i t would refer to those states being members o f the organisation. 5Such a policy is împosed often, times upon weak Rations,as wae.the case in China in,the, early l^QC^s, but the essence o f the flopen door* is not the fact that there is ,a lack o f power,by the governing authority o f an "open door" territory to regulate itp own t a r i f f policy but is equal opportunity and the policy of.no dieoriM m tion. v. The, procedure o f obtaining^ these rights is , as a rule, by tr'aaty. See the report o f the United States T ariff Conn* mission, Dictionary 53o6̂f 5T5a8r iff .Information,. .ffee mission, 1924, pp. * , . . . . . . ' b© included* The "open door»fl how* ; . ... , ; " l ■'■■■■ I “ •.■ ■ .... . •... fj^eriewce hae .shown that jue.h.,.an, ̂ onomic .policy^ qa g r ip e d under t h e d i d ' n$.t. dli^d^dpefato_. in, the interest o-, of; theinhabi~ . _ bad. to ¿1*6 dgwâ > ;treat^ie.nt;, . 2 ^ y_ f ^ . b y making It-efUar/that H ^be rr o f the United :^attonb:, and therefor eeOUd®i‘Q:*.' and .̂ omzter̂ ; ;■; p ia l . . t he main qb|ectivQ0 O f .the. tfuatoedhip ..system» inolnding. tho giripatioii o f the j^ l i t ic a l » ■ v ;....; ................... . . ................ - . ¿iffigt&fsiii. but,i t . ,la,.made;.subject to; idations*/ One i,a that- “i»qual 21 1 See Art id le 4 o f the Mandate fq r British Togoland, Appendix Bj See also Article l i o f t h e ifandate fo r Syria and Lobanon, Appendix Bj See also .3̂!®#'' .Saaoa^.Appnndix-B-»:■ „-.. ' 2 None o f the mandate charters had a provision which would require Oqual treatment forjthe inhabitants» companies, and aqepc lotions o f the territory in return, £qr the granting o f such privileges to-the states f t treats moot favoritaly* This is", however, not the case in the trusteeship agreements for they specific&l ly state that the same advantages as are granted to the .members, o f the United nations must'in turn be granted to the trust, territory* tSee Article 1(1 o f the Agreement for Togoland, Ruanda Urundir and British Togoland^ and the GaEJbrooriaJ See also Article 8 o f the french Agreements for Togoland end the 0¿maroons; See also Article 8 o f the AgreejEent f q f .the Torritd:f^ .d f .tte Pacific 'Islands^ ■ '$ -See': Ariidisa ?$.»■" ApjtendistU?* ’ \ . l^ôU^ent .j$t. a|dÇiCl;i.:ét^ o p ^e rfi^ aatterô' fo£ a il membere; C f . e t t t i â - sought without prejudice t^ the pther: objeObive.ô1 o f thç trusteeship: ^etondljr^ ., nequel .treat-» , aent" ,d;ei auade.; agrémenta,,, and .|>endt -,. ; , f$s:.. 0 : $h$ t J $&v Ca&ft ■ t h e , .Oif' ■ t h $ _$$$$[■ $ f ,|$C in. J^aoXf(: e,a friendly inter*? ^̂ ¿j&:;_. :î t',;■feta.̂;.,. jô;, .; Mhot i t dope abandon, ta ' the idea Itfegt i t is pyacMcakle, spîatè„trust,'tçrf i tor ies ;:f :' •■¡ŷ '.-': ; Vvv.";''’ ■; "“ r ' 1*-""""*" ■'■■■■■•-■‘' ' ," r. ..y ' * ; t v T " ■■'■'■' f^op, th& problem o f^ ^ ^ e T ^ ia l^ p p li^ i n general*,. 'I^e.jfche; ;;$y$0tdeah|p; êyetem '^pip^i3iô^.;fejba^ bll& ta*àt truda e*range®euts anà ether.practleee ■_. . ;|^i^he^irig. the ^èoàôMô 4evsX% çpf^nt; - ^ .iiSiëLjâ ĉ>; i '■■•:■ y - r ‘ • .'< , - , . ' ' - ^ i ô^t i BÈÈê ï nk. géode , but .it %&. a Banner in which the 12 1 Sec Article 76p Appendix 0} For a more dotailed approach see supra, iandate...fo.r Togoland* poo* Ko;* 0*4%>(l)d«M545(e) », lp2&*' .•.v..;,^See Article 10 o f the Agreement for, Tanganyika* Ruguid|' Ui^indii;,& British Togoland & the Caneroonsj See also Article $ o f the Agreements for French Togoland and the Ca^eroonS; See also A rtic le 8 o f the Agree­ ment fo r the Territory of the Pacific Islands, ' t - .. *. 4»; Po lit ica l Provisions al* Introdáctlon.. fhe po lit ica l economic and espial problema as well ap the- m ilitary provisions o f the charters, .,. ,.,._ .. ̂ i.:,: . ; : p lfgréssivb d^elopifQ.Tit. as; eo^f4^:al:.g^l,o%'... this ' . the ..choi^á ;<£f;,.|^£p^adfnse:.,Íe.:;o ^ í^ ,;. fh^..á^^,;|pffe;le% Ol.whPther ... government involves, also po lit ica l independence aroBe during the discus- p|fja ô ;. . : t r í í e t ,, I f t i p ; c o m p roptl sod by lis tin g *.. .;«loh in@ .l^ i^ ii;.^ ree oate^ripB. tbSi. •latea ths.£r§»ÍPa :0.. pM¡Pr^3vpi^0e^ 'n&s &&*■ . plied .aá; a provisional. .¡¡̂ ep. if ;r independencp:* fb f# ,4.;̂ ;̂̂ . ;a3tí̂ 'i\; .aaáî ̂ ° f , th© tlhf$;:1ie^^-^!í^|é., :|!frv;^| í̂ i ^ y ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ;pEf4' .eyeí#hel iniep'essdánc'a than , •paithér.íis^aa», has. s la ^ s ia ly .proyidad 0.0 .the- cpnaileratipn; pp the . ^tiV&A thia^pr^^sion was made in the 0oyenhnt, but .wg$l, ■'le s ^ lc M d %o the ( "£," sandatee, and in their case the inhabitants wex© not allowed to exercise their choice in ., A,,'-: ■;• ,#':’ . . fcf, :■ . • •' ; ' •.. ' "5. t^0teechip Ik00^ ^ i ^ i t j# :. J®!$ :©,£ th© . eplortiee:,. ,;$&© .;in&g&§^^ h,ay© an i^^Hette©;, in ohooaing. the powers. ;whic|i ^ i i l jb© appointed, to administer the ’ '. AA\;"':' ' X ' i-_:-'-—-.'--̂ '-;-̂ -■ .-...,--_.r,,.’. ‘“■-:r. ‘̂------'- .;/ . _ _ . 9 ^ . ri^osri&pv the pt0$Mi<0{ .ip̂ rr . |»otiid have been t^Sh; into- .OohSildOl^tloJi^. • *■ ■:' ■b*. . j^ i lt ld a l, IfchfIc^ionjeA^ieii^/veiat.' o f the ttandhie' SharterO There were many po lit ica l implications, that were,,peculiar only to longed to Germany, were both divided, between the British and French re- Th©petitions, r ed©iy©,... 2 So© , "Future o f former Ita lian Colonies,tt United Mat ions Bullet tin , VI (Ray 1, lp4$} pA 4J5j $ek .hl-go ,., . »"Proposals before' &$o©mbly;B©*. viewed,1 United Nations Bulletin, VI (May 15» 194p), pp. 4?8«499* i. ... ;.9̂i5sâ ;̂; .now under tru$-; ■ '^!®ohiii»_ #^.^l?dligii. .tte.Ca^ee;0M^ 'Spre. honest attempt haa ,2i, -M%&'$& ■ seemed airamalpua» fo r example, that the small, Island o f Nauru should Jr& .tthUee,. :8i$0$y. §g:, Hias. .the, ;i^_d^3#ntai; . reahpne: M s tfea importance; .attached to the rich phosphate: deposit© on the ’ ■■; r” ' .... . ' •' ; ■'■' •■""'■ ; '""f '""■■,T '" ,!"""V " t#$and*v; ,...,., /...., ,r,,.. '... ; ;. _ - . ;> . dates*.- .;̂ dis,..1̂ 11̂ 1̂ ; . , . $ - ^ and , thCJhsiat^ .f&Ml. ■whav:M^?nod: ' : 5- ■ . • ■ ' ■ ■ ' ' , •- _ by fjejp^d. to,Palestine, i t could be said, that ' . :i^^ ;,^ ilti|g|4i j i t nature,.. fair the; mandate char*.. ter «no especially designed for the benefit o f the Je^e who, compriaed only . . the ;A£abf;- w©.re n0,ade*- . ;- thi.f-‘̂ ahsSfc: true in; that, part 1 See supra, Chap., XI, 9& & n. 1 &' 5,.p»99;. Franoe and Great Britain made a declaration on ^uly 10, 1919 which sms la ter approved by the Council, whereby Togolard was divided into ttro mandates. for the french, and British acndateoiof,^ the, Cameroon© and Togpland» and the de­ clarations concerning the division o f the te rrito ries , 'see Terqs o f Leaguo o f Nations l-landateg, United Elation© Doc* No* A/70, 19^* ■■; ' Jr :SQh' i3upra, Chap* 1-, » * % p r l# &. :n* I# 2G* ■ - - •' 25 à f . Ilŝ Efï̂ ;S$p.ara^!^>v ,8¿i&. the f:p ^ 0 ^ x ^ k :^ ..^ ^ i i^ la ^ s ; ,0 §§^é0$^. $0$..$W&ßi «atibna 1,. h'o#ë; $nd, thö ■ ■■^$Ÿ'-.W0$§i. thO0 • Q «t* Jî^palardaji ^ . . . . . . . ̂ . . . . , , , . . . . ; . , ,. . ■ < • ■ • - ■ I • • : , - • ' ' • ' “ - 'l̂ :toâftém.j. ..p;ï^i3:içi[̂ .;«aS:; àfe«.-|ÂgÇ;.:. fhéÇ© two o f "ffeir. % igg tM e 4nà - ̂ ^àc^o-rdan^tMo»-- Èà-v■ 2 See A r t id e 1 Cf, thé fosarme o f Nations Mahdäte for Syria and Leba­ non > $oç. Kq. 0*520. H.?jl5» 0922. 5 see sucra, ç II> Tb® .:'I.|í .p.'f-. ■Of̂ ; ■' ; ■" ...... ■ ■ i , areas. .'$$*■ ' cause. - ■ the league o ff ic ia lly recognised these cleis# by approving the French .which. had proyi^onei part&iini-Rg ■ i d .the -dei;in£aiieri,-,of these: rc^p.eci’iyd: ■ ^ .............. v - . . . , . . . . - . a 3 j p a a » v ... ..JW.,... .. -̂>. .̂- ,̂1-...;!̂ .?».-*,v.;=-— ,:-J..,.v,.,* ... ; - ; ’. . the ...,. - .1̂ ^ -Of‘ .̂ hp .$££*- . position o f Ita ly ’ s forser African colonies» This possibility is an out» Treaty l̂'|i|bh?' . :|y ¡the. Secret; - ^fcpaayf;• Ih,;e&ar. ¿•iĵ |̂ .i the ;$p^§y^ 0$0$: in.. Kenya. pdihny# - and the Jarabub, OaSis in Egypt» while Prance rectified the boundary o f 4 ■ .. :̂ . ;̂ . f^ f t e : f ^ i i b l i i t y ;that during; the; ; ; l rf$i:.,:&, map o f the areas' concerned.» ̂ S¿e~ leighf:i,ofecitfc^, g » 6§3i':Bm: ■ ■■.̂ i'.-:.-.-.. ■-■' ."■ r- ;,,v v - J . . V , . ,,. .'; tfelfsd, Ifetione,. gM -¿. V 3 H»tf.Y. l.@EBnerely« '-A History o f the* Eeace .Conference o f P a ris* ̂ :; Vpl* 1» (fiOn&oRJ Oxford Onive^siiy Press, i920)» pp»-170~lflj For a, text to the .Treaty o f London see - ■'*’’Secret Treaty -with Italy..* Current--Hlsthirwa n i ( t o h , , 1̂ 18) , Pi><.! i 9 * m + ,.\ \ . . ,hv.... '...........;... ..... ,4 Por a nap p t the- .areae2” c2o2ncerned see »yl-aht-*- oft* eft».». p«. 4W>f- She alee, Moony;on»c.it»;>:.m?-,. life - » ' V-;: / ■ a s S U t j i t a i i r rm r sgrft̂ 'jL. b# . . . ;jp̂ îf>̂ .r:!^̂ i^̂ ^̂ ^̂ ij.:.- ..̂ t̂̂ ; is _ e&gè'ciallÿ true • wfeèü in-relation., to the JamibUb .0asiS. which was. gi^en to Ita ly at the ex* • : " ' , , ' " " r ■ »■■■■’ ••• ... ........ ' ■ ” ’ ......... . . , - . . . . . . . . . . penoe.ef,Egypt ÿ , , , ^ ^^e i ’,,; .sither Erabée,,. or- Egypt ïaake. Sübh dlsl|b,.,it «oulS be contrary to aofc pnlythè .principles .; ■ ;" ;"■' " ‘' " ..... ' ...■"•=■=■■• ■*•';•’■ - • ^ 2 Of the ; Atlantic Obartei: bu t. also ■ to. the Chapter of the teited dations s. \ l d^ÉbwSfa Of - Législation, AdBlriiatre-tlbn» and .. :. . Jurladlfetlon ;,. I t , ;baS: bbb^.. lOft;. ta„#çh.;.îndiyi%nl .charter; and .e^^sapitts^to.-. dpphë hew ;pç$af: authority ip. cajrryins ,at^. the. i». the. G avenant and the, United l||t$phia O.baï'tei’ do not. etateany o f the.. epQOiftç. 1 Egypt in 1915 was under British sovereignty; therefore,» aha might possibly agitate fo r a restoration, o f the Jarabub Oasis on the basis that she was' an unwilling party* to'the,,said transferal.. When the Ita lian colo* nies are fin a lly allocated, and i f Egypt is appointed to administer eastern Libya, the possib ility o f such action being taken w ill be mater* ta lly increaoedi, .See also supra. Chap. ¿1, n*2», p.i.,1̂ ?.*.. " "' 2 See supra,. Çhapt: IX, p ^ -M ï.See- also/ .Article 1 .of the United. Rations Charter « Appendix 0»., > 1 details pertaii^fig.,'%>. the administration o f the; territorios'^ ' .V']b;3i8̂d|t- íĵ t̂>‘.’ ̂ p-̂ rffcíá':.. átjfe.feL., , . ¿tó̂t3-*s.'jÓÉ̂T .,:«eáp̂^̂-i|5rí;|̂- ;̂ .̂Jr;|3!©|fe&._. .; títót̂ ^̂ fere- .Ĵ hsúfei ■ " ■ r .itfc^the'̂ nd; , $ f the. acal ye&£>; thé t^/p.?sf^h''.an' '■'" ■'": " . ' ■"" " .* ; "'2 ' y*“ fV" " " " ' " •■■̂ 5... . ■;̂aó:;..iyht̂ -. 'Sineg?íe;._̂ í»_,. .#hiéh. the âx*- .sachffiat* tere .ap, Jihe qqurt .a|^t®ra|L, procedures,. laglo|atiye pr©ppap©:#;, . nativa, jÉa the, .goya.yaf-^wt», and, the many. other inr^ ^ which are. under. the aMpérviaion a ^ , ̂ riagéaent o f the 1 However, in neither the Mandate charters nor the trusteeship agree* monto in there any mention o f the type, or quality o f the. administering personnel to be employed by the administoring power in its administration o f the mandate or trust territory» ’ Si© administering personnel form a v ita l part o f the administration ©f the trust*territory as was the ease under the mandate system,» Although there was l i t t le actual discuq&ion o f personnel under the mandates system» this is not so opt to be the case under the truoteeship system because the' questionnaire adopted by the Trusteeship Council delves into the administrative structure o f the govern­ ment in detail* An ¡appropriate, example o f this type o f questioning can be obtained by scrutinising Groat B ritain 's annual report to, the Trustee­ ship Council on thr administration o f Tanganyika fo r 1947* See Trusteeship Council Provisional .Ctoeétloímáire»‘Pniteá ITationo Bpc."' 5o,«, f/44, 19474 3ee also Report by Hie Maleatv*o Government in the United Kingdom Of threat Britain and Northern Ireland to the Trusteeship Council, of" the United Nations on. the 'Administi^tioh- eif .Tanganyika’ fiar;thé Year Í947,«i Colonial , No. 220, London: His Majesty's» Stationery O ffice, 1948, pp* 50-51» 5^» & 1 7 8 * 1 9 0 * . ...■ ^ ■ ' 2 Se® infrá-,i Chap;* l i l > Section 7» Part. F>- pps 256-245. . . ^ ^ . ^ • ^ ^ M j # ^ | ^ ^ t l < « B of t h o f the ■ m * m i m : 'm ..,., VQty lit t le o f the discussion pertaining to the actual administration o f datoary p. b•v 1e rs and by ' Visc"o u■'• nt Ishgl;i ; in' his. r. ep. ort.s co. n. .c.e.r.n.i.n.g. .t.h.o sodIfi- “̂ ' .and *vn ■; 53S 1 Wright» op.,oit»« pp. 45-65», Soe also supra» Chap# i l l * n* 1,, p* 157i M* %man’s in hi?, report to the Counail of the League stated that the degree o f 'authority, cpntfpi, ,or administration ie, so far1 as the °B0 and •'• "C* Eiandatee are concerned, .a question of only secondary importance*' League of gat Iona Official Journal» 1920« pp. 557-558, Viscount lahii^s repents o f ^ehruary and, July of 1922 which .were accepted . by tha League Oounoil, see League, o f ffations O fficial .Journal« 1922,*Part 2, Annex 574, pp» 847^862^ ̂Ish ii also made .raaonaendhtiono, Concerning tho °A" mandate0. , See also' League of 'Nations O ffic ia l Journal», 1922. • Part 2, pp. 791-795 & 821-625» Of - important significance was the fact that tho Japanese were given a greater opportunity to present modifica­ tions for the "A“ and'^B" drafts; than ,di*d the other membersfof the League Council* The main reason \«uj because'Japan had been appointed to admin­ ister only a "Cn mandate and they had p®§yi.eualy been: approved*.. ■ ' . J ' " ; X , ' , ' . , .J-f^thhijr. 2g/.of..theV that h#4pd*; be^ap'ÄS'. • ̂ 3ää|̂ ĝ r t$;. teäep'fäMen̂ e.. so, .. ■aß. to: • • tfcdra J&\ gföäteir ph^re. ¡of - gai^l6:^ai<^oa:;:ln ■ :legfaiaiti,vei- anid ;&f# '!/ I ; " " . ...■.'.■■.•"■■-•-•-■■'.••'•'":■■■■■;■.- ' r '/;"". ,' :§^J0$0$$ , ■ tfeei,;. . #>f ■ 'fall . thei|c>i ip. Interference. with tî 8 t ;■ ■an# . v : . - , - . , , ; - , . :v.■ ■ . . ; ■ . . $$0ptäpjn>a ̂pertaining tp e u s ^ g i i j i ... .v f i t & i s the.;§d^p|i^j||*ig,ppjior are,..of hf. they W>f-f.-. *#der the aan^ iiktf. j & , ; £ h p . all, the nBn inelu-r. ^||,h Other 1 1 geo supra» Chap. I j . fu 1» p. 18; Article 2,o f the Palestine Man­ date provided the mandatory with; H ill powers o f administration, and legis­ lation ih the territory» The »e in reason for such action was because o f the d ifficu lty o f handling the two diverse national groups in Palestine* See Learaic o f IS&tiona Mandate for Palestine and Transjordan* Doo.’-Sai 2.: .Article 22 i, .Appendix .A*; ‘ ; ... : ' / • .1- , Wi th. the. exception o f Samba ähd. H&uruÿ- :9oae pr^$.ëiQns..-ja£©- included ■ i^s\^09^Sfft a|fp('ià^et|!; that;/©# .e.etek^ fishing such ÏQ?%ïtôr.i&è^. .The-sam©-,©ituatiph /. ibôî£ thé hut.thf. f a i lu f é io c la r i ^ i t in- ,the ■ ,̂.1 Though administrativ© tpaion© are recognised ©a legal by a l l the true- each ■4̂^in^;^ith : ^he, po litica l identify Î 8/ii:.pfefp;ï^.iÿï^''l̂ iâif -'ih© jUTr ■ id ic ia l *ê !̂tâJiÉ(;■ imi^if©dhy: the use of l$ o like provision was made in the hAfl mandate charters!» For -the nBB mandate Charters see Terms o f League of'Matlono Mandates« United Nor tions Doc* Ho» a/7Qj 19^6« Although tip© ”0” mandat© chartero did net specifically state that the mandatory had the authority to constitute the mandated territory into,a customs» fiscal,» or administrative union, there mas no reason fo r their not doing so, fo r each o f the/C" mandate charters gral part" o f the home territories admits in i t s e l f that the mandates could be governed with euch govormental devices», A specific example of thie pertain© to the ^03̂. t p a t o f . ; trust territories. that, thestates_snd,t#3Rtt£?- of; 'trust territories ætist / \ shdol&.h&'$&pt -aasl. insjî.uded : in^'theLFop!íj^t;,:of j&i) aSfeîôlitti?&ng autfap lfy ■ $ W % x r -~ ;; ■*' ; -■/■- ; ; £ ■ / ■ : - , j ^ > v ‘ ; w . ^ - - ; . , , ’■ J V on a given tfuet, territory;." Consents -were then sa de on the proposals census 0 Î the other trust powers, was that the- administering authority wao not required to consult tho Council.prior to the formation of ouch a »n4r»fr ̂ :fea^thë:j|nÉtief Wî ^à^Éx î^u(bs&. to 4o> -of ..' the Pacific I olanda tecs»© a j>fart o f an administrative union* likewise disfavor nés also shown toward the proposed inclusion o f the statistica l ;£ - •■ •f TrtMft Territories and ■ fejCnS'«#' -Halted Nations i ^ ü h p * im ¿oporto cov3r | ^ vt ^ ; with the trust-iorritofjr. in an administrative Union* as „the lini tod, States — v ■ ■ '>'■ '<■ ■ ■r • " ■ ■ ■ '-- 5 ■ .... "'■ . •■•“ .■ 11 - - ; ■ '*' -■ ....... .." •?u■ »”r ;' r On the bacio <*CS.'1̂ .̂ . tha . . j r , thftfitory. . ; J | é ^ r ;,| ^ it^ ^ „ to :̂ aète: ^ , ; ;£ro?a. ... the di%* / p i ^ s i e n ^ \ , ^ ¡B a t^ s ^ ^ ^ v iJa;, , :0Ó;, |tt^|»tad, .$&;.. &$%&$$$■ out that It wao not a po lit ica l union „of th? territo ries but ¡merely the '.■■|̂ |||t; J^fh :i|i|| '̂, 0 $ ^ 13̂ 1;; '̂©C ■bfeî ! _ ^̂ sybî r&edk; :d|n;;:. ;^s^. he* cause there vould bè a larger governmental.,staff employed than i f the tuo area? were operated, separately* 1 hue,.front the discussion ba8e(d on apparent that, i f .'. services, fro® a social, economic^and administrative point of view4 can undoubtedly pf offered tpr the. inhab1tanto ■ '•■ r d ' ifa lyiViii j ^ iiijiii iM n ;yr* r^»■ j tj; a ■'• wa ih h v Vj iii ̂ . i ; , W . 'A ■:", . W -TV.) i- v, .' ■■ •... .:,„• 2 1 ’'Sonditlons pad Prospectc in How Guinea**1- United Hat ions Bub* jo tin,. 7 (tuguot. 1* 19't&), pp. 60^-606, Although; customs, fis c a l, and administrative unions were not differentiated., cuetoias and fipoal unions are, fo r a l l intents and purposes, considered as merely'a part of a more , dlsQp^ipn thf; ;®3F̂ â <̂ &jftiJt̂ .; tiÊtàŝ |LcÆts. ^ whicíi. departed oa; |gj>£ .é^^^^dçH Ü road^^ ̂ i ;| f jfheÉp,& the 'Miar ;ä$Sj& ,g j t â ^ i^ ^ 1|s . ^ f e g . , t S^pá f liß ß l .$$ ftp# i%_(f^||«ai^j|;.in ' ^ :iMy&-,. tm.e%fi0ytl$ ' plopß: vx*il. ..ibe. f i fth .$$$*•. . oion*a .report*;, . Vv. v.v,..,i;,. ,.,,,*, .,. ;Gl^épijr; ai|ied.^ ip ,,thf :. dî e^^on,. * f ftpeal '̂ ,.vnipno;.is .$£$,. ; t p p r M l^ ft .$$$£■,, í | f ,tp fÿbbpry: can bé . .úás»tóij^^d ander 1|fe© .:|̂ tí%i. . ^ , %! ©̂t. ; fite lin© . . ;Ü^i^#Sl. M ß f a? ;̂" Of . ,4ï3f̂ .$:bqi.*?.. -̂ êitì£2è̂ .K,̂ Bä,.Ĵ )î ;Mĝ b3L*al _ $sapPbb#lÿ It ffe^ te rriiary s illabò gò^pi^à. :ap: :i f it. ^exíe ;_jan ''íñt$g*&l. . part* o f the hoö© territories* x „ ,; ’ ■' ’ '% ' / ♦ "Opunèìl Êebjàtpp „¿¿sb^^fripa Mission 'Reporte» ” United dations BalletinT Ŷ'X (Aprii I 5*' !$&?)», pi« 5Ä>r5^5f Se© also , t is su e s before the'Truoteeehip Ooimoií,” United Hatione Bulletin« VI (June 15k 19^9)» 3>p*r. §20^$% ’' ' ''".... exception o f Tanganyika«. terrn ’I f included in a l l but. the agr,e:^>enta for. la^et^Sia;?, ^ 4'..#^.- ■ ■ " ; ‘ ' " ' . .. . . """'. 'r";~ * ■ ■ ■•;-■■-' g ; • •■ - - ■■ -•. . ............ from ,t,he dioouoaion of the pcmere o f legislation? adminiotration, and 4 ^ 0 } ^ ^ ^ : $$$&;̂ ^ v i f . ^ ^ . r . ^ s te e b M p ’. t e l l pow- • fp^^'StpIOSi, are similar in. nature} therefore# i f one,of the phrases was not included ■ .t^^fib|:.';tc(': ,$fjg;. *i3̂ : ;̂tTI< /tcii purpose# *23io ;" 1 See peragraffe', Appendix Air '.See .goofa^ Ohao:». I , .»A '4? . p;. 14. , .....l,,;,..',,.̂ -■■;.,:i- ̂ ^ 2 See supra.» Qhap» |T>. n* 2» p« 69 & ns J,» p> 78* 3 Oftentimeo one o f the phraBeo waa, deleted because one or more o f the powers objected "to ito inclusion in the trusteeship agreements or man­ date charter«' The power that presented the agreement or charter made sure that a similar measure was included. , For instance, Article 3 o f the agree­ ment £orn Samoa provided for essentially the dkzp provisions as would have been'Included i f the phraaeo Ha's ani integral part" had, remained* likewise# the agreement for Tanganyika, though not mentioning "aa an integral p a rt ,“ io now carrying out through an administrative,union many of the pome measured, ao would hav< ̂otherwise been ssade. Another specific example was the case o f Southwest Africa, uhere the mandatory employed an adsinietra- tive union in part o f the mandate, though,,nqt provision wao m -ip in the mandate agreement, and juatified her, actions through her right to adminis­ ter the mandate ”ss an integral part” of t\e union *e domains. See Article 3 o f the Agreement fo r Samba'} See also Article 3 o f the. Agreement for tanganyika} Sees also supra» -0hap» .111, Af u a ssB a tiisstta iasasaa e ieB S tittsssstitfassB sm te issaeeew a se a s issa a se a a e a a e a Begional iterelogaeot A,.:ges#tb|$- thread tp.. tb© tr«et©a!3|ii]p:i :$$$_|Pp:! would b# the atoptiph. pjf .These d e v i c e ^ , ■,'. ; . , ; ^ c - $$$' &. - ' , ^Se- j.. thp; ■̂r-3?v ,. . t!̂ e; poordin&tipji, o f ;t̂ sp>,: ; .. ĝtŝ apô L _, ' south- . Uplgny :boj?* ders the truot territo ry o f Tanganyika. Both Tanganyika and Kenya Col­ ony are noil- -X. 1 ' e Uganda*.., 'eu'ohi. ..-̂i., ^|^.^:. .^^iii; to. ;Wa.tCb the;. J, effects o f their progr-aa in rplatiop to thp trust territory o f Tanganyika*, .. J ..%.,,-..‘iî *',: ■-.■ ■ arevE ^ fa^|y ;t|a^ |^p^ 'fE sy ;t§ , i ^ $ t .,. territories», io because o f tha unfortunate experience with its uce by pandahe'd; &fJfc$oe8|R ,../.B$& :ip;', fp; vd$ikS;*, .■:tjhsP ■;$aga^ae 1 Vo rnon McKay*, "Into rnatio"al Tryate ©ohtp -* Rdlh o f the United Ha- . tiono in the Colonial horld, '1 Foreign. Jolley geports, X£?I {May 15, 1946) 55- 56; $ee also cue re* Qhap? I I I * n,>1, .p* 18?* 1 Seat» Bureau freni .thè expondi tur-es o f thc Japane.se, goverraent», The rcasòn . -*Ì?t .;$$3f;, %. hHpdb . standated torri tory-'* In addition, thè ^uréau’ s actìv ities «are apr inter-* . ■■r^|s^dv;̂ ||h. thè ;Ji|ì|^ìg%: ̂ ^gé ip ìSB i .iftat in saony .;.. . arena under Japanese jnriodictioru This Japanosubtoritige was eniìroly . 'w $ t h p r i ^ i p ^ e p : - /thè ;^òvàrì£tnt*■' Ì t '■ ^ ' ( ' . '-- ;ì 1 ' ’fr} i(‘ ■ ’ .■ '. . . . . - , . . . i&lafijds»;. ' .;lir;ÌÈèf: adfe Jh$ $ *¥ !$ $ $ .'. 'f' described ae regi orni#- Regional .cannai so ione are penai asab le whep, in thè intorefte p f thè , ' ^^,, i|ia ;̂|i^p(Rc, , withiri ,||i^p|^¥X ;̂.pa|v -thè. ¡Shàjrter ;the.^d§cla^a^ Idh; :.Q&. ^^V*- Oonaaieoion are functiontRg in dose relationabip with thè United Kationo ■•,. -, • . - 2 ' ' ' ! Éa^psp and jSàJèdà; vflt'h, ihs.dotìtk .fsàp^-^p Gefoispiòn ifetìainè io; . ■ - be segna,.. . ; ‘ J ■ ̂ P.M.O*^ Mnutea o f thè F lfth gossloft«; 1925',; pi 195? alee P.H.O», Minuto» of thè fenth- Seeeloa»' Ì92o, p-p «:' 37*S8; Seé alea Wright,. ap,*cit« , m :w M :y y y y y ^ y y y y ^ y y y;. y K ^ y y -y -y y -^ ^ y ^ y -v- ■ ' t ‘§i"M^eà/Èìà^Wbré iM '£ ititi'%èééi!^èè!&M .State., Jhfe ■tààmàm*. « a » 28Ì 2M & 194t , pp* 5 7 ^ ì : ,fe' ip fe nd i»' 21*. :pp* 105*106* a -'a .^ a m g m f’^drsig raffliiS T T ytir y iip V 'r B it t i ;■:'.'/• : the. ■ M 0 i i , $ S b ; > 3 ^ ^ r = , v i e # } . . . ;^ ir: ,,;• . /tirely -pa: thfí. ■£&&%$& $ 0, ^ b f ■ .,; ij^^er ;5̂* ■•;"" British jurisdiction* 1'he trusteeship Council» After reviewing a p e ti- velópment for the area in which the Ewe people .reside.\ Regional devplop- sient in th is instance, i f carried out along idea listic lines» could re-* 3u lt in an analgarniian „of \ thfc two fogolarid trupt territories into a col­ lective Franco-British trusteeship» along with that part o f tho Gold ’;'- Coast inhabited by 2?we peoples» fheL decision, w il l , howevej,, remain in .the hands o f the French and B ritish , and the chances o f carrying out this I t thus becomes apparent that the trusteeship agreements made so fa r provide fo r a close,r degree1 o f assimilation or integration o f the truBt • ;t,AM .and "$“ self-government through clo'ser,assoc iation» , th is , ’however, does net mean t%.t t h p l t i l l ' ;/|j|£ ' '-W tho?: than tstá the bao©: úhdbf- the^.ftand^t^: sys'-tea;#;. • ■}■.,. ' , .¿uV*; jv t f - i ' . " > . v i • . •' ' • " ; •' "•'•• 4.; .. _ • ■ % Bee: in f ra. Chao» Hi,», h» 1 1 r .P«- 19% f -■. -' :e>.: . .^_.$hi&' "Ŝ Vaî d. -̂0:”' ; Ĵooe*;yefcet̂ S»̂ ;_ . , ; ha îeypf:». .*$£ nandatoriee were required to do co by the provisions o f Article 22 o f the j6pv^^nt;»;:;.; j%e;rer wps; 'in , npiv4'?-t 1%&e? 4» &7 19»< &-n* 1# P*’"2̂ )4'! :................... . . , . '. . , , , .» ............ ,„.._•' .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . ’ . - ., v , ' „ M im ty k jfty h p .'.?hird Besoton^ 1923V a* 3&$j Spe also iR$Mfe, ’ o f ttie twelfth Session» pp«. 109rli2j See also *:P*M.*C» ' linoto^ of the Thirteenth Session» 1̂t.; m̂;_ _ ^ f e ^ : . . . _ .ió; partiQulcliy true... . û ¿ the ;t|uai _-î ^̂'|ti%!eat3S8?;, rcĵ . 0**ty ps;r î*ii3já|¿Iiig- in, the., actual of., the-. g^ernmont,,„ but are . j| ■' " ’K ; y ■'f -g; ■"' pifó:, ón; the. road ,$o BaHiíSijiatiqia ín¿ /piáíaíw-: ¿£$*0 j|É5q,;;Í^ :; ;fU'$Ú$&.: nstiyo Trustee— . - * ' ■ . \ 1 See Article 6 o f t£e Agreement# fo r Tanganyika,., %arHia<^Jrundi * British Togoland and the Cemeroons, and the Territory o f the Pacific Is ­ lands, Article 5 of the Agreements for Samoa and French Togoland and the Oaaeroons,, and Article 8 o f the, Agreement for Bow Guinea# 2 See Artiole 5 o f the Samoan Agreement;^See also supra# Chap# I I , pp, 1G2- 106# There, is also ample evidence/that t'^c native inhabitants o f the trust t^ r itp ay of Tanganyika are participating i $ the goyei^entel administration, for there were £»;&8 native Africans employed in various adrainietratiye functions during 1$^7>j S®®, Report by.Hie >laieetyi * 25p Govern­ ment in the United, Kingdom o f Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Trusteeship Council of, the United H^tiono/on the Adalnlstrati cm o f Tan- ■.gahyj&a..'^ Colonial Hot 220, London; B jeK aje sty’ s Sta­ tionary 'offi.ee, 19̂8» pp# 5O736/& 178- 190# 5 The Trusteeship Council, when exaralng the recentannual reports fo r the trust territories o f Tanganyika» Now"Guinea» and Ruanda Grundl»- asked the representatives o f the administering authorities who were pre­ sent at the ©Kamlnation what measure* i f any, were; being taken, to foster native, participation pnd representation in the. leg is lative and adminis­ trative machinery o f the government. Sea ,t , '’Conditions and Prospects in New Guinea»,” United.Nations Bulletin, V (August 1, 19**8)» pp* 605- 606. See also , "Tanganyika! Record o f largest Tfuet Territory ,” United Nations Bulletin# T vJuly 15». 194$)#,/?..♦ 8®C also, „ ,t,Qondir tiono sin Buan.da-Urimdii ̂.United Nations Bulletin , V (July 1, 1948) > p* y F.* . Composition. o f the Mandate Commission and - the Trusteeship Council The opposition of thp P p ip m p Mpdatps SipEBiiseipn and the Trustee* .1 hip C p p e il.i© judie&lly: d if^paht* . In Contrast tp the ieircaiient Mali*, dates which *&© ,l|ltt|& . then u, . IlSgu# i euacyi.iri,' .anti, although. ;&aip̂ sir̂ .'tr3r: _ -ipi# the. .Ohnepal, it. ip. gitfon. the status _ as bei$g o'rie p f t^a :prtnofe; I >ai aTgpnai o f the ;.®r4ted ; ^ | p s ^ aifia ,.giv©i4 ..faji v i& 0 w^ich Wp® ©f Lh,e Oojpiis'sion, ârid. ,in pfrdgjf ^..japre _ ■ ft, . :0 r needed*' 84 . in the Trusteeship Council pad delegates w ill be o ff ic ia l aeiah^tv^P^ibted b^Vtbdee o f . independent a^'.jf|^a^-ap^;mtted-h^/th© Cpunp.ii. ,:. fhppgh. 31|^^^^S5S5sS3!^^t^ '. ifeSS#*:- '%£ expert -qtielifiodtie.ne $£ thepe. also ' ./;.■ ,.' . , 2' See .^rtiele 86* Appendix S$ See/aupfa» Chap-*: 1* n*? % f>* 25>■ T W Pini • **.>**,:» { " be. loot,» for; the tóTjTésentetive$ appointed to; aérye on the. Council haye h e e n . J e w i t h section 2. of A rti* <;le 86 o f the Chart© r which, ca llo .for vtho- designation o f one Opoeioily '."' .... ■ r v : - ' ; ; - r ^ •,.:- - : r - v ; ^ ... tey.e..abe*to, .my©rthei©.enj, that being ,et repreaentativ© o f a :ctate does not • ,• '-;V : - :y^.'r ;- = - -, ./> ■':; - >2' .' ' ' " '- "'■ '. S&an. that ,0ft th.©:ir parti;. fhcr© .is*. O^i&yOfft ,ftat!£ft*|,. * . oft the : Council. to ©how $h hhi? m y eft; j ^ ^ ^ i a i o.bo|iK;j: . thijf0-,Wgft, ift, laftlt of:.,£oi^^ln&sft, in ih©, r.ecojnsie^datipft3 . which were made* Thu© there ’«■fill bo a tendency for the adniniatering . i i i ^ d h N ^ i O f t f t and;, ifcp, ,̂ ??̂ -. h et we ©h.. ftd^iniftth?^ h&. ;find /1 ■l^n-^dffitoiot!?rijng.' stftiftft s:.,. psk.0 -..»• 1 be':eauae: ( -.l-î ':-, .■,‘ i, .• -v • fi"' - , • . . . • « - - . . - : I Whip' ¡lyet^th f:, siOftjbi f̂t ftr^ftifttpo with nationftift representing. tbo:se state© 1 a> l>òi^tÌt®iioft.of1 the $*$*$£* Appeadfe A; $0® also Article. 86.,, Appendix Q*> , ; . ’ ' - ' ^ e f 'V te Titssieóohip ' Council deft./Appendix 0* >•’ '"■ ..v ̂ Byen.though.. the..mejab r̂̂ :Qf,the ; hot .■rsp>|©;3érrfc...:siais6> they .woTo* i^eyor $h©|©ig . abai^à* ::tn Jhis. w©y it was. thp^ht,. ,t h%t the vint̂ rrifo t i ona J intcrostò an<ä, nationa^ in* 1 Ì0:|^^j9(,;é^ li1:;^^f’t;'. J § r $ à $ t ti$*: ;0V&£* „ ■ lapsed, i^r ;thsy; ,iieT© tp: be :8tìi««pmrd©d by the impartiAl ;©T̂ : expap. qu,al*. f. •■•' , Whil©. thóui%3pfity„ è g Of. np^^andatory atatoe., the©©, ĵ ¡mß-iriai, ^ r a * OS a, :rule>rohOseh f;rpsj. [ '?’■ ? '^ 'K ' ■f' - v ■•...... . - ..... ■■••• j^ioiiial ^6if|^>ri©^Kv , £h© ^atipnal:f ; fFpp; states. jpa^as^g^Gplpniol; . I t . haifeö.. Minutes of. the Thirtyr-fifth Seesion., 1958». pp.l62--17i* ■ it > npppint#d by the mtite&t: states, I s a ;deli^ab&ly. balanced,body with, as o f the r3" " ""■ ' " w ; ' ...' ' ' .......■' "■ i.'0 " " “" ::"-':: .;Ia tf$ . those who:vda not*; Bow* ijhat i t _ .-;?pê:!EH|r% tpr, the two |roxij*a o f stated rather than the idea .of. pfeyshting the administering 1:;:. •'""■§ v' •“;' " " ■'""' ' ■ ‘ T /: ■ "■ ■;"' - "r V? "■ "■.'' ■ V }^p$fl8%§§ $!¥ .. ■;,̂u?Gt:ii;..,̂ :.;.J^§etf jbe,,3# tl'.,,; bif- ;cioo-^efa.t;i6&' o'tt\%be- part &f-. hpth .fjjfrtitfk. 1% to the ' ■ .•■ : , , ‘ " . ' , B' - > ' ' " ' , ' r f " ' ; ■ "■ 'v * ' !' - " ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • - ■ - • ; - ..................... - ' .$& . ohj^Mtiyefi; 'for, wfifhii ffeo Council «ah estahliehed*, I l See Article 86, Appendix Oj See also 2dvard Hasbro & Lei and M* poo-dr 1 oh« oofcoM».»' .p&\25S&: ...... -...."...... . .:':V. .., ,.,., 2 Although the Trusteeship Gpunoil is composed o f only administering ¡and non-edministering powers, i t is nevertheless oomposed of three groups of. .states* .They are. the administering states,, the permanent members o f the Security Council which are non-admird storing powers, end a number o f independent states* This ie in effect a three-way 'balance by which the great powers ensure that the trust territories w ill play their part in the maintenance o f peace and security while the non-administering powers not members o f th~ Security Council w ill protect the interes;ts. o f the inhabi­ tants o f the territories from being sacrificed to the special interests o f either the administering authorities or the great"powers* Sap .supra, Chap* I I , pp. 8?«84* Prom an analysis.of the Trusteeship Council*o voting, i t is generally evident that bhptt.hae no,t .been a. divipipn in voting be-' tween' the .adminietoring pnd noma.diinistering^membero« l»t\e, trusteeship Council O ffic ia l Records' Second Session:Third Part from the. Thirty-sixth Ans-.: (21 . April« 19^8) to , the Foriv^oixth J i S U ^ T i9Ae* 128, 220̂222* 22̂ 225, 231, : 2b2, 244-248., £^0». 252-23?', 54?--548.* & 357* a t present tho. ^ W r o f . ^ rtfee ’^ u n d ii <* .osoiy /c?y*q9pqndq w ith-,t^:; .pf:. i n d ^ f t h e - , GbEanfdsdon iM o not- ,qgi;int%;g th.e : :’ "i ‘ - . . ‘ ‘ ..'. ■ V- . " .. qn:>sh • ’ . ■ -. • • ■ -; ‘ . I, i . . . ; » ,i. . l̂ . . V. , r .;! . > j r ! ; :i,:, ,, i, ,- ■;■ :■ V . - V -. '-. • ■ • ■ . '- . '■ '-1 '* V- v - ■ ■ , • ;. .1 See- supra,. G.hoqfc li.,-. n».̂ tr. p* 25* . ...,v..; ..a;.,;;: .̂ •,... 2 So© composition of* the Trusteeship Coteicil, Appendix Tty Seq also r t ic le "86. Appendix, u The Council has had a greater number o f rep re- Isentatiges present from other agencies than was the case at tire Gen®is** sion’ q seosiono« In^apUtion to the representative from tho Interna** tional Lpbor Organization which was the only agency,represented at the sessions of the Commission* there rore also present at the Council’e f i r s t session representatives present from tho United Nations, Education*» a lf Scientific 4; aq.:d Cultural. Organization and from the Pood an each representativo ozi the Coime i 1 . quáte pswieion. fo r the¡. upa.;©;f ©incp , e&ch r©pyeaentative.i<^.;iisé. thó j®án<íáte i^steia*..bh©_..^.p^|.s©i.óa .á;B.;;p,.bp^y.:;:pv^p^©4,.. ■££$> ..a^fáfa.z'y'... tbébersjfcB ̂ Ifl&tia^ív&.o-jft. tlie .part, ©f i'.¡8e©. conetitufi«p; o.í the P4f.Ó.¿. Áppendix | ^ A. ,;.,. .. ...... s i& M 'á i-í.'& ik te e Jéspion» 1926, pp¡* 8 ¿ 'í f ' í f Sea alpó '?.iMi;C .¿ ;fh|y^y^ÍOÍ%M.:f©©0Íoa«: ÍP5¿> p:* %* K»- OrtB ¿riá/bofá Haily á.iésed ths en^irQ s&aeion.*-' . ... 1 any member in hi© se lection o f qualified experts. ..... . ,8ppaupp.tkP ...deiegatlphp; b©;(;Mie.!.TfUetpo are representatives o f sta2tes, any pf their, members opn held othpr positions in their govern» ; " ' ' . ....■ ................................................ ........ -f: " -••■■■ - mentp:»-,. This, ip:,ft vary desirable situation heCpppp the activ ities o f the Titioteephip. G o ^b ii dpea not keep tho delegptlpn busy the year round« , Thus by being, .repr^a^tatiyte. o f states the. delegations pan. be. renuiaerated usually performing other ..offto 1 a 1 duties wherthe Gpunoll is .not ipeespipru For instance, S ir pari Berendsen, New Zealand'^ rpprQeontptiyO;, pn ,th© f opncil and yip.e*?reaident for thp. first.,twp.pppiipnp^.;i:8..8ery.i,ng...:a8 Eb?P9y :®?b,rap:rdinary and Minis-?. ’ ter Plenipotentiary to tpe United States and. was in addition chairman o f v '" ‘" ... ............................ ........... . . . ... . 1 "......T ' ' ..... ; 5 the Fourth (Trusteeship) Committee at it s ■,meetings-, in. Oetpber», 1947, i" 1 See paragraph % o f the; ponptitution o f thè P.M,C.,Appehdtx A; Bee alPp Rule .16.of.the.$§!u.0.#P$bi^ f^ipf;..pf Prpcp^re> 2 Likewise they can oasi iy, be tranaferred .frpm representation on one organ o f the United Nations and thence ^placed on another £f the need a - rises. This is a very desirable situation for in some instances the ser­ vices o f a repreeentotivQ could best be used.in .another prgan o f the United Nations and hie experience in. the position could, ip. moat capes be used l a t h e .lattar. position*-' lhua,'.>3r. Norman J. Q._ MaJsin Of,Australia, who is now serving on the Eoonomio and Booial Council, w ill undoubtedly be able to use in hlo new position the experience obtained while serving on the Trusteeship bound,i l . See composition and qualificatione p f the True* tePphip.fp^Bnpii:, ^ p p M ia .’̂ 4i j r ' ; .;C<3_î ràB9Ìfê b̂!0!|!_T5PtrfiNa? teeship, i t enabled the Committee to obtain f i r s t hand information on the activities o f the Trusteeship Council* Such a policy did not» however, en­ able New Zealand to defend its policy in the Trust territory o f Samoa any more them would have been the cape i f another delegate had represented her because in the fina l analysis they would both be representatives o f the sappi state. This is only one example,of the possible bpnpfitp tb; bp derive«! from placing a states representative on several retato«! subjects but within i d i f ^ r e p C p ^ P n i . , . See, composition and , qualifications o f the i^^i^|pb|p;''Ga\»3àp Ìl, Appendìx Pf i. Sep , » ‘'Trustée- ahln in Operation»" United ..Nations Weekly Bulletin« I I I (October 7» 1947) pp. 462*465* in, thfa .way.,, men of ’ .are .retained to r the coming sees ions o f ̂ e ;.0%^:i3.|, whereas i t mob ;rather d if f ic u lt .fpr. the OpssBieeipn to re f tain the be i^peb of. top, personnel because the per diem paid the members did not adequately reimburse them for the tioa, .lost, from their .other po* the CpnEoiosipn .to' serve ...in governmental eapacibips: when hCteccupi id with the work, o f mandatee tended to hinder the. Cp!Emi8eion', s chances, o f obtain* ing and thsh ’ibethg; ,a b ^ tp-, retain the most expert pea in the colonial " ' f . field.: 1 The Constitution o f the P.M.O. provided to r 100 gpld franoe por dasr daring the bpnpeeibh’Y.ffieê ̂ but th is was changed in 1926 to 2*000 durlfemcre than thirty dave in a l l . ■wait the members' salaried o ffic ia ls 0f the League was hee^ose the voluntary hMraoter and breadth o f independence, o f the Conroifoioh would session as he had become i l l while oarrying otit an important mis©!©» in South Africa for hio country. .From. the wording, o f the report» i t .appears., that a .direct .vipilatilh, o f ^©.^ilfflc^hion^a. made« ' Thus arises the question o f jus.t where. c.puid the .line be drawn. i f cases e f . a similar nature,, had odour red,.. .This in the Oo^issibn^e Qoneti« tution which ehoaid have been more fu lly c la r ified . See Minutea o f the Second Session. 1922. p» 2. . ...... . 5 See supra* Ohap H I * n», 2 & ■$■+ 202» and ru, 1»: .p.* 205* ., The permanency o f n^oiberehip. d ifféré . in. ney Oral.: add ition ways troia that ^In.the firs ir .plac#, ijie states which afe pensai “ nerit member o f the Security éôuncil w ill be members ò f thè Trustee ship ■'... i ■.......... ! .......... Connell times* I « the true sense, o f the. word' there;, are. ho pettsa-* afSieücsti, .öii- there was always the pôQBibiÎity^ that:1 the would fcmoy e an indiyiduel meEtoef, and plebe a ' o tton à i /pf ^anetHef■'.j$»éf;..pi,.hlâ place*;.,. Sttch.h ''8Ìtuatiohi .did noi í ^cnf * ... but in 1928» upon the death o f the Nor^kgian national-».; a S.wedish hation-r def to ia&a __göä̂ |̂Leiâ ;. up to. the ."■ Council to appoint other members in their places,» In a l i these inatanbes '■ " " ..... ......... ■' ■ ; 5/ the ;^^ il.-app<^n ted ; another., national . ptom the,, seme .state §/ ;■„ • on th® Qoasoission . resulted #iwâab.-/,t ï̂ .̂'gfct'jBL̂btiö̂ i:, ;-íé̂ ; _ Britain*, France» Japan, and Belgium as.permanent members, fo r they¡ were the only mandatory; states which had ̂ nationals Thi? was not /- always ppopefatlon w-ith the'.Comiseion ■ the JapaneSenationai also, resigned.» even though there ..whs- ,ho requirement ......................................................... " ................... ' / y ' ..................................... .." . : fo r his doing ed*.-. Ip addition, permaöenoy in this pase would hold. true 2 F»M.C», MlnuteêvQf...the Thirteenth Session» 192©*;p*> 19*;. ,,. ÿ ,^^ ,Ce^oô|^içn éf̂ ̂ Appendix Dj See aléb PvfeS.».* Minutes óf:.;thé-‘l?hirá Session:*; Í925, 0» 7» ....:. : $ Áppe^^^ ®íí:f' ■ • »1 • only to the jtoaŝ î ;. ̂ |»9Ĵ!®--. atotMBt|ping ,authoritiies0, did not- Ĵ epome, independent. Thio did not oocur under,the League fo r only one mandate beoame independent under League1 aus-' . ether 't e r ^ t e f . $ ^ e $ ip&,the„ • • to Gpwcil whlch Were not per­ manent member? -tJif*.’ . . , , . . . In.ether word5?*.;. i f . the tru s t , ., • .td$i,r thf trustee- ship oyateffi h p e s^ ^ , would .hob longer be heee.seai'y f or 'With,'th^.ei-^ispA^^^ii^^dia.. and $*!»;'£« & n:« 5 »• ,p * 84« ' 1 w ill be more. fu lly qualified than.the ..other; memheiS. with/re.epeot. to .mar̂ .y ; o f the pr oblems o f the trusteeship ay^sm, fo r they l^ye had. p^eriehce .;■• Or s t i l l are experlenofhg the se,. ,005$, prob 1pm a *. ■If . ihe. ^m eral i Assembly .. continues to select such members, t1he interests Of the natives w ill don» ••'..: .,..h.....„v, . .... ....... ’• •" ■;• The Trusteeship Council has n e t » a s , y e t , e ^ situation auc.h, yap':$on|^hipd,, the in the . la t ^ f . nineteen thirties*. A| though .the Soviet Union did not send it s delegate to the Council meetings • u n t il : OS y .mu^SSytfce.Ooi^^ o f y some pf i t ©members. to: .attend the sessions.«. • ;■ \ ■'. 12*5 1 During the third ees$Xon o f the Trusteeship Oouneil, the represent tatives from Iraq, Moxfso, Costa Elea, and the Philippines asked the re­ presentatives from the administering powers, many searching questions when their respective annual report's werec being examined* See ,1 Tanganyika: Record o f Largest Trust Territory»“ United Nations Bulletin, V (July 15, 1948)9 pp* 565̂ 5675 See also >"Conditions in Ruanda-Urundi*n United Nations Bulletin! V (July 1» 1948)* p* ^ 1 * Since these :Mn^atoini_st#finig . pe^£&,‘;|ip|.d office for three years* the next elections w i l l hpt; t|^e place until 1950* Iraq and Mexlpo w ill be Replaced at this time for they were appointed in December* 1946, whereas Oosta Rica and the Philippines w ill not be replaced until 1951 ae they were elected in November, 1947* See supra* Ohap» p* 205» See also section No* I I , Appendix D. 2 See ©specially, supra. Ohap* I , n* 1, p* 4o* See also supra* Ohap* .1, a, 4, p* 58.& tu 2,& 5» P* 42* , As pvid^ed\byi||^.;:1^nBi®R Turkey o f the San$ft&pf Allexandretto, ,Wich^ mandate, the Commission was finding i t increasingly d iff ic u lt to obtain recognition from bhe mandatofy ©bates to even the most baeif obfeotiveS o f the mandhle ey.fteni#' .. y. , .; .. . • • 5 See Supra* Ohap* I I* a* 2» p-»- 84* . w % , f § s i ^ e d i n j ^ , . ^ ^ , thé; ;,ÍS: I;% lian nationals on the ..^Ç;^^ «ne^tin^e jihon tta*r states . w ìth ir^ ;; ffaaw iihé^ ìm m f, W ^ . $ * $ ■ # m . to wlthdjra» ^ ^ i h l ̂ .<&! ® m m r ' ■ ' 2 ,*.f:; . l ^ ^ ; . ! ! Ä y ^ : ' M ,P m ê m k m Vl § ê & .m . ■ ;, , $^|^.^.JÎ!^|^.-.^,1! ^ t-lSÍíM*¿8wí, Ĥ8 ß % * m m .:älso . 3 i^ lis f that he ' 5 ■ v,v ■,: *i " - • •■•’,*. ; ■ - ■ . '- ^ .Äie^s^..3^^^... ;35Sî ĵ jb̂ .>aM̂ ;-4>̂ Ek|D̂ !Nl̂ i>öWQrs:,bi»t did not- have a national on the ■'•■ ■ ■ •. ■ ■■ « • '■ '■ ■ ' ■ ■ ■ • ■ ■ ■■ ' . . • - . . . ' ■" • • , . ■ ^ - ^ :̂ i W .i>>>iW ~ í̂iy . î .É i in J i: ̂ ¿. ̂ .̂ ii Îÿÿ»»~. >¡:¡.J y-<: - ‘ i - ‘ X ' i - : - ¿ - \ . : . -:-'•'X'V-i'' \ ■v;.• : .. è̂fe.- .̂V:,.;.-,V., ^ ,.... . , . .. :: " 2 3ee Öoxapo.öUiW'’of''thö ' Pf|W&,* Appendix A r $ e $ A l# C- •..r ,;. ■;' ■ ■ •; carried -on by three; ^see*v#^^e|^,,, . fa ilu re t£■%&$$.: the ^ejpipeioa up, to ^rlcins.. Ptfihg th * the’;, pesair^ng. years -of ;.3̂i§|gyg6̂a!: . .j the pje«ber:,etates>^tht.ftPeoMliyv:the,:b;ig powers, eheuidha*e repreeetttattved present at i l s ̂ epelon*- ■ ■&$ Powers ,and 'gSjt̂ ^̂ ^6iaii§i?’''̂ B~fi' ’ Htiht&f and theQounoll ; ■ I t has, 0 0 Pf nt f f '&■■’ -v the. date:. .nature:,of the, mandate char­ ters by. . ■tree' fp r . the fru.atee.ehip ;fyet«3*-..buf': more important -¿ton than- .eatiefactoiy' actual. pet hodp,. .usad; o f the aye* tern to this task» both national and . 1. iSse-:■supra*. Qhafo* l*. n» 2» &» 25». 2 See Conptitution o f the P.SUC.,, ^ppendi,x A* . ... ' 7.' 'jj- £.$*%* Minuted o f . the. I^enty*f6erth Seaelcra, 190 t‘ pp*' 12» *&* & , I ' l l —f j— f --- .i.-.V;.;. i : . ■ ; both ;$*k £1314 \î -%9̂ %%p., . to |r|j34, adhere*.., Nevertheless It, hg^.%#eil*^,,:iti|§:./Jif.. ^apttly lC ^ lt_ ,^ ;harry.;oi^^tiie inspection*.end.cpn’t tro l e#:bhe te rrito rie s under tfee- t^p eysteffle*. . \ ■ ■ ' " \;,,;.,v^. ’1a. • ■JttrleAlhtion .’ . |5fe|g; :.ayete5$*. the:.l!^Pt©efhi|!. -©jou^i!;. ^etfo^me.^ ,:pin$$0i,i^a^icfe», bnt the; ^hCbACnb .;,.:: Sh&’-^puf^ll, vias oe^bitbhM ;';^:.,th,o^ghaytei;;:ae; .on© of; the prinoipal ■ Of. ae fe ;^gotitiO h p f . the 6̂q̂ 3t©3̂ f0ii4. ; nith foot, finding :$$, _ Oh® P$g0 -#£ the l»©ague tkiunaii* its. work. i»fa© vpralifflinOry, in, character* £1̂ its deOl* . 0|c^''^i^i,,Bot binding*.;. the;. Sou^Xl*. on ..the,oi*Mr .hhn4̂ .rep^aei^s .ffr...'. ’ " ;.. ."’ ~k: ^ .................;\: •'■"■ ? ; : s: . »i#iiOh..#4.=hOt;.:MfO the £im . ^supper t ,..of,.btab©s:.,b©hIn^.-Iits'..actions* • Thun "-.',';:3t,; }¿ ^ ¿ ; , ' . ^ p e r s o n n e l o f the. IrusteoShtp^ Council and the; Pe3ftiah0hi: ManttetOo, Gbffimlaeion see Chap* I I I » ' S e c t * . 155*165* See also supra, .̂ ^̂ %:;.;;T/.;.: l. 2 See Article 7 ,of the United Nations Charter,Appendix 0; See supra« Chap*Ij '¿5%/:§ee also supra» Chap...; I * » * 2* _p * £5* '.see. also para* g*aph 8 o f Article 22, Appendix A* . ' 5 See sttpra, Chap* i l l * n. 2* p* 1 ■ the. f % . , . t a e f c M $ ^ , . : f e $ $ i ’ whereas t^e /i^iawil; has ;. the combined att|*.lh^tee. o f both feehnfcai. end ;(^|i-'ti^.' r©efehep>iiitleei' .. , ■ ’., a«, .'feting; the principal Organs hi* the United Katiene* i t operates under the author- ity M . .the .fendral A.ipemhly*.,. fet.yndh* the trusteeship. system,. there is*-. however», d -^ .$$01$$*$$ with th^ ,;o f ̂ e ^ ,|^j|e the;i.4ir$h^^ o f tfe the trusteeship t-yeteia* However* ' tho decisions o f the Trusteeship Council are,always subject to the review only a. vote.*, fet. this- is ŝ . .fs£ ':^te .;’§;, fee Supra » Ghao.» 11. nr i t jp.4 'Bee. also ^ t l e l k 87».- Appendix' % 2 Bee Article 10* Appendix 0* 5 Mfcewiee the Co®aiaeion*e decisions were voiced by a simple major­ ity* However* decisions made by the Trusteeship Council w ill always re­ quire, the concurring vote, o f at least one representative o f an administer­ ing authority» for halt o f the members’ o f the Council represent such authorities* Here then is a sharp break with the mandate system because by the Commission's Constitution i t consisted entirely of experts who served as individuals and not as government repfesentatiyes», and a major­ ity of, these experts had to bo nationals o f non-mandatory powers. As a result» in order for a, decision to become final in the council» the ed- mlnstering authorities must* as a general rule» be in agreement with the non-ad® fnistoring authorities.^. So fa r there, has been close harmony be­ tween the administering and noa-administering powers o f the Council» with the administering, powers,vrtioleheartedly, supporting the decisions o f the ^otmcil# fee Buie |5 o f the Rules’o f Procedure o f the P.H*C*, Appendix A} See also. Article 89*. Appendix 0j See also Section 6 o f Chap# I I I * ■? 'í • I M . ’̂ ^ w e ^ ^ .i^ j^ g 9 !i :. p m ^ rn m ^ ;im . i # ;̂ î ! i p ^ , .  # $ * * m m $ i , 1 ation.3 ^ 1$em*. _ ;,.- .., ; 'f . ^ M ::<>m m m :.- m m ; m ^ r, •.. o^^tdemble, . -. . League ^ L L ï^ :ívéqui?e(í; tL^;;^ 5>íiOv̂ |.. o f a ll. the^n^öbsr# ¡pf. ■ .,. ■ '..[■;•• • .•.•••.•..r.ii.'iy' p .i ^ 'i ; ^ > ^ . , ;-;'/: ;: ■ ■ ■■••V- .■ '»v-j ....-;':j .-ì -.y;-»'.; .. .--;■ '; ■- t :;.;'-iVii .i •-■ - • ■'■' 1- Beo aupi-a*. Chap.« I , n, 2.» g* ,,2'5f..£o® aleo supra» 6hap. jI » • 2 Por instano© , the Trusteeship Council can modify the ciuestìonnalre which It,had previously formulated, ©ad the truet powers have to accept such a deoisioa mad© by the, 0 pune i l * Se© Rule 69 o f the Council*© Bules o f Procedure; ,SeS also. Article 8ßt Appendix 0s See à iso quom , Chap*- 11.*. pp,«' 103*400, for the reooaöendations which 't^C w xnciX á i^ c tó h .,^ 'M 0 L . Zealand’concerning ito conclusions based on the v isiting mission to Samoa* 5 5 See Artic le 18, Appendix Cj Se© Article 5 o f the Covenant, Appendix the ^l^ahd, the. Assembly of..;sn?h .¡a action ., was pfteniiinee rot ta|c©n* or >rti©&,tflagtf^ity »aft fin a lly obtained the K&d«? V"r " ... **:•.. ' " r :"; . f data' eyetejp.had,.1» . the meantime, su ifjS|»ed -llteria l^^ ,' i( . There .1%. honeyer, a potential dieedy engage.; in the voting precQdur$. of'.tihe % o «rity .::i$,pj^gyng, the^t^iite^ihiy' j y © ^ * , ;. sin?© the ■Seeuy|^-;§e:pneilv3^ e tvb©^^ concurring . '■' vote p-f; 7 pot p f 11. ..vote©»-.. there ., is ; thd:.po.asib i 1 ity ;, that. important . jftpb .y©?^|^e; the nepeaeary vote since oiio of the Of vetoing a; ./■'■■■■" -.- _■■■■'•■“■...•■;....."2 ;; ;..■/. \ "■ .. proposal: could thne prereht. ita,pas|hlt©it Although there has not be©nf as .y e t * . . t h e - use :p f th?:,^tps;.;|ih. . t r o ^ & e i b l ? ! ' . i t , ^ i l l . . . . mere •than, Of one . o f . t ^ h ig ^ fl^ ^ e re . e iih ar fh?h- a .iito ? ^ '.. t lo ^ p s u iC h a y e ^ discussion ^|eh foph p|ape. .. in the Security Counoil Over the issue involving the Trusteeship Council's . ro le ; ,in • the mpe.rr leion p-f' the stneteglp' tfuet .territory; o f ; the gae&ti^ . . ; ; r ;..--.ijy' ’ ' . ••■"' " ' . : ‘ -;...... .. v ■■■’ • ; ;v : lelands:*. ■ . ;|-.Fpr -.ah appropriate ezampie p f euch-:Ontion '.see:' thfr&y Chap* I l i , - n*1- 2 p.% 227« .. , . , . . ( ....................... .. _ , . . . . . . . . ' ’ , ; .' v !■■, . j . . . . . . . . , 2 See Article 27» Appandis Cj For a resume o f the dl^cuasion o f the Security Council‘ e voting formula see Hearings before the Committee on Foreign, Relations _ United .States^ Senate, The Charter o f, the, tfoifted, flattens, 79th Congress, ^irpt Session, 1945» pp# 7^*79} $&f also Documents, o f the United Nations Conference on International Organisation, ,3&n FranciBOo., l ^ ^ .''^ol^ieihn:r i l l ; i ^ ^ r l t y '^nh^ill». Vol* XI {H o^ lork r United Nations. Information Organisations, 1945)» PP* 117^155*‘ ■ 3 See-1 » in fra »- Shat«: ■ I I I % ft* 1 *& 2 2, p . -251* ' ' ' ■ ■ b* , ijylejldh; of Authority . , ... /Even. i^ .;the proa.the ^aietaiioe ;pf . ship , % K !o:f tbo«e.i,umr-' ti^ns $*'$& . ̂ i*&d, $h .^stero.^reiEiting^ to.po-r ,aa^i^t( iind cultural aatterp;»,. i'o^ th^ S ^ r ity . £amcll. is o f ; th®. :{Jpuneii •;- .:•; ; '..........., ' ’ ’ /; -'s'1 '. , ' . . - regard /tpwthf •;. # # - , <5bf^ar p ^ f m M tty :c<»«l?ii ¿ & .,$ j# jQ iN tM fe * m *? - S ^ ^ | A a ^ ly ^ .a a th a r ity ' ■ m m '^ m ^ ^ m , m m ^ , ^ ..... - u . . . , a . . .\.. M r 2 *? * s $ * w■ ■1 ■':• ■;■"=.;. ■ : ■ '■\tV; •■ ; , ' ./ : . ...,<• ■ ■ - . rec% diyipipn o t auparvisipn aueb *a ©g|;̂ . under $ & Pyetm •' *-r ; ,-• ?. ■ .v-. ’.„■, - -v. >':2 2 By &tt%clo 5 o f the,Covenant the Assembly was, along with the •fp|i|ici'l»^giveri the fight to. ¿¿ecueg &fly\ gueptip.n's relating to :•. because o f it© power to deal with any subject within the sphere of-action p f;the.blague»: ’ $$$< ¡j^ie|;e,jj e f ;ihe'$• \ .......... ."'•........."'• * ■ ' " ' ■ ■ / . ■'■" ■ .' . ^($pij<^t; .&f ïfcè:-Ojfe . -VrV there :^|,..teó;éì|^i^lty. In ; .^ là p ;. >-? 'vV'!’ -•'■■■"■ " ............. 4 ....... •"•: ■■•'■•■■ . '-' M ^ ìpn .:# - t&ééë the, ;drgâne ©î. thë .ï̂ agüë; ;wheñ ;iii; ééspseétOi thé raeusdaté epates?:* ;. Pprhapa/oné o f ., t h© .;t2ôrè, . wï>â,cjbe;, /the. ^ruoééééhlp':, t h a t o f th ^ I a'- . ' ;.̂3Ê, .'.. , l ? S 6 i L . : the Qpv̂ r a»i:fii]ç$.:<|ûa- _ ÿ̂iga30iifc|ŜÂ̂‘#ô} the GcsunciX* . Ga^a^tWtjdh;, fo r ,. ■ the. coE^lfsc ..proeOdüros d f thé; ¡p fiiïa t^ thé... ff^..|Ît^||- ̂ ^j^|.;|^'gldeped^O;v«?r veroiôii. éf;.;litô:. 2 ' ' 'v; constitution. In contrast» the Üéunoil*s rule© cover partitions» question* *attes»;_ ;an¿..many: éthér ;proeé-M'»f.• » Appendix ,Aj. Sëe aîso Rtiïeé o f Prò**- çeduro o f the :P*i!*î%;,.,: Appendix % . %o ■ 0 r $ ^ i 0 $ m. m i - M . *&&$&*■ .. ' m '■■ | ■;"' • of; t^ . greater evidSttljn poEr . 8^^on^; ty;t în ^ i t f o n -^gi;.̂ SfiimqAl- ŜT- ' . t ^ . Co# * ! s pp , m m m : *2 X See Articles 87 throtig’p 91 o f the United' Nations Charter# Appendix. C,' in order to compare them, with the provisions found in the Trusteeship Ocomcilvs Rules o f Procedures , ;J... " . . . also ' , ...... .,;. ... . ,' ., 2 See' .supra, Chap* 1X1, n. % p , 159; See/supra, Chap, I , n, 2, p * 24, The Commission was» however^ not at as great a diaacteontage ap is portrayed in ’the above statement, ̂f or the Commls’sicn> had,'prior to the league Council *8 approval o f its Pules, the benefit o f its Constitution which served as \mtMng,, rulee o f procedure* ̂ ■ ■ • ■ ̂ ■ .......... ; T " i .a:. jOf ,;s^horiiy;, Alga the Jinetes*- by the;. Prspai^tory . • Sommissionoi the- Unibèd'ìfetiana.: which had f0r»ulat©d62 proyiaionai rules ... "v : — ' ; 7 V " ' :v ; - r ;"■ ■■■■■■'••:- .^•v'--■•• ■.■«•̂ !- ••■— --■ ’- - r v r 1-:".-£•■ - •■ work*, in this . aspect :"feb50í-, ̂ éd̂ áiisig|í|3̂ í.,M̂ aiá̂ %jP̂ ;i§ííg?̂ a. grèate f, .diQadyantàgé» . . as. i t did':no:t:;.ha^®.:.^he: .benefit, o f any prior work which ®£$h$ have been s. 1 . 1 done; pii. the. subject*..,..-, . , .... ... ...... ,.., ,, ; . •■../, .dlthhó:gh?ther f ¿l^á;;̂ jfea%,?d|^fg^ñ0d,iin .rashy of, the functions aftd pro­ cedures ó f the-. two. Organa»., basically. th$y w.ere psylyjLhg, On ease.Htially _.r-3Eíasfti|i; :|É5̂̂i?j!Eí; was ̂ itt^ é ' d i ^ ^ é ^ e in inducting the routine 1 See suora» Chap« I I » n. 1» p.4 ¿7} See also A rt id e 90» Appendix C* Not on ly 'd id the League Council, have to approve the'Commission’ a rules» but likewise before amendments could become effective» they had to meet with the Council’ s approval* thus when any important chañaos in the rules become necessary», the trusteeship Council can place the® into operation within a minimum of time» whereas there was a considerable delay under the mandate system* Nevertheless the Trusteechip Council» in amending its rules o f procedure» cannot violate the tinited Nations Charter* In this way an effective check is placed on the Council’ s amending process* See , Hulea 106 & 107 o f ih,© Trusteeship^ Council’ » Rules o f Procedure; See also; Rule 10o f the Rules o f Procedure "of the P*M,0., Appendix A; See also P.M. 0.» Minutes o f the Twol^th Seseion. 1927», pp* 97-98, I58» A- 199-2ÙO. The Trusteeship Council has already amended Pule 99 o f ito rules o f procedure and, has- adopted entirely new rules in order to glye mòre advance, notice to' petitioners» In addition the Council intends to revise a l l o f ite out­ moded rules at its fourth session* The Commission did apt at any time oonoider a general revision o f its m ips* » "United Nations D igest,n United Hattons Bulletin» 17 (January I» 194¿j p¿ 42; See also Report o f ,. thè, T^steeship.:CÓPhell Covering, i t s ’ èéoònd and Third Ifeásloho' .^:.'APril 1947 . 1948 ¿ Uni te i Nations lodfe '' mm' Ì946w: p¿ '§.* " • * 2 Sed supra* Chgp.* il* - n* ,2» p*,'86> î M ^ Î I ; , : t e .^ | ç im - ;&&$ te: 3»®^r-iè^ .$£ . ‘& 0£sÊ *,; ;. ‘ ; ■ . ' ■ ' ■ ‘ ;<•"••' '• ’ ' •"•’ •'•’•■•'! ' • ? •' ••'•••; ■ '■■<■ '■■ ' . :- . V !' - ' i % - ;~ .t.-, -. I •;. ■ ■ •■ ; ,.• : -. ;■.-.- ■ ■ -.'■ - ..p p :-.- > -..- ■ one çorreepçnded ^ vthoB6,^^â.ded î » r |n 12*5 1 For a b,aaio comparison of the functions and procedure» o f the two organe See the Rules Of Procoûnre o f the P.K.Oi, Appendix A* and also the Rules o f Procedure o f the Trusteeship Council previously cited a^oVe* Sen» ©rally spsaMng theFe i s a. fundafsentai lifceness in tha- ml©©. o f the ; two hodiéSi^ ;;'.t;.. _. ,,. <;s:......... .J ’r. . .%:-.;tî v; 'J/;;.'.-•■■■:.. .. • \,i. i.'î ,.., :!'•-.- ••» ;V\*,-fl e.;,’/ f;V;At [(• :r->»:•., •;© V i'- -\ |' '• >V;- v * / .;•,* - .'•••.•.• ' . . ; . ; .' •. •>-■ - .. - ,.„•... 2 In the ,%rmanent/Mandates Comission their t it le is chairman and viee»ohai rinan, but theij*'functions,sur© correspondingly the same* «ee Rule k o f the Rules of" Procedure o f the Appendix Aj See also Rules IP $ 20 o f the Trusteeship Council*© Rule© o f Proepduro,* 5 I21 IP25* the Comission discussed the p lausib ility o f holding two session?’ each year* At its 4th eoepipn in 1924 only 6 o f the, annual rem­ porte were Considered*,, thus!, necessitating another session later in the year* Because o f this situation* the Commission, though deciding not to ©mend its raise o^proc^ibiire.^the.çcsf^èr_ héld two regular sessions each year* Leafeue o f Hâtions JOfflolal Journal.* ,1925», ̂ art l,pp# 209; See also F«rM*Otf:/..:MinùteO'jof..-th©:;Thirà..:Se^ian^ 19-25, -¡See also P.«M«0.■> Min»- utes o f the F ifth (Txtraordinary), Session» 1924,00.116-117« See also Rule ! o f :th©;:RuleS^c>f Frofcedur©' o f thé Âj: "8eè also Rule-1 o f the Rulef o f Procedure o f the. Trusteeship Council, , _ tt^,..^s1^;©0>ii!? C o ^ i l % ruly; thfiv/tepgue ̂;C:puridi|.. $ jips$ij|i itsejstion-of the fn is tcp sb ^ ’held» the/,. (-. possib ility of po litica l influence beings exerted*, such as was thought to havei have ,. Council* unlike the Co.maiaSion., .-.is; madC; -up of representatives o f stataef; .■ . ^ , r^ yir... ̂ ': ■'■;....................... ■ : : . instead: o f independent 'exports* |fv /Rh#Phytnih^. and: ^iournaent' ' :- . >' •Cjo^oiiy a llied to the provision foy the holding, 12 1 8‘ee 3uleo 2 & 6 o f the trusteeship Council’ s iiules o f Procedure* 2 League o f Nations O ffic ia l doumal« 1926, Part 1* p*> 2.69> Oee also $y$*Cf.>, Minutes o f the Seventh Session.: %92$? pp^ ,! . . f ;$s%: amora*. Chao» lift*, Section ■■.■■ .it _-®̂f-s .tifta Souncil. ■ „ took p tnt:©;- during the ÿ p g fê ^ ’p 'éédoïki deaDion*' ;, In thé • autumn o f tbs: | ^ ^ t | ^ : , :.eallé-d,fdr the -action, o f tvpt opiy, ;,. the general Aesérobly é&d thé Security Council, but thé Tfttteeàhip Gotméil -. !'-ÿ’:'.' :'r 'V’ ' ... ■' ’ ■'."" :'•' ■•' ' ’"' v' ' ' ' ; V - ’ ■; â ;:ywfér3̂ i'iv... '■ . . \ à ' ■,..•! .. ',Vi. y. .-.. ......'; j\:/.:_i,\ ., t-;.' ̂ ■., ,. .. ;_ As the ' t. ^ . .'fc«L reconye^-in *̂ efeîn|aiî̂ -: o f ,1^8* ,.,in tn th® : ̂ è$.& 0i0 [ héériy n i l pf.\ft.e.,, fécond. $ «^ .,;pi:t;|^ thé -f^léé*-, tijis; situation, . tJâaè> ':'à, thiÿd:’ 'gart.-toy'ihe-.véê'éeïid. fâisfcï&n :wan «éi$®jia&ï! !̂ ;|^^^Cti®i!d/.rf!réiii;::% r i l ^L; ;, .-tïàâ. ïipti • hç#h ,«?&$$$; they Gounéil ' 1 See *tule 7 o f thé Trusteeship Coumil^o Hulee o f Procedures See aleo Suie 5 whlph ie closely related té the adjournment o f ^oeeèione and the holding o f special sessions», ?vu|ô, 5 i® very Inportpnt since i t gives the Trusteeship Council the right, to ’ a lte r the dat •< >i• n addition any otheft ■{r -'.\ .'t '\ \rf-virf ‘«,;i' '•'/r •. '• \"'” ' . ." '■;'';;""v;:" '■% ...... •■• - - . 4 Of the .rules of precedtir% . , As to the cpzaparip:pn,.di,;. the. --ĝ iî ĵ -̂._. ; . spi-c»̂ and the Council, there is a general similarity* , The Oosanieaion, with. the qxgSP'* . tioii of it s fir.ot session, covered, in ,ito agenda. A oarap rehensi v e l i s t o f , items V.” ■ r ‘;:-. 'V :"'- ." ’ •'" ..'"" ...... ""• , •. • ■■■ _ 5 latxrtg its agenda for, ouch, short explanation in its rules o f procedure*' 12 1 See Hules 8 & 10 o-f the Truoteeehip Coune 111 o Hules oí Prooedurej See aleo Rulo 6 o f the Huleo o f Pro c endure of^the, P.H*C., Appendix \* 2 See Rules 4 & 8 pf the Trust®,es’r ip Cpunpilfs Rules of Procedure. $ p.SUQ*,, Minutes, o f the Twelfth, .Seoslon» 3,927* Améx 1> p* 171? See also p.M,0*t Hi ñutes o í the Twentir^sevonth Session* 1955» Annex 2» apv 189-192J See- also P.M.C., Himtés off the F irst Session» 1921» PPt I^AQj See áloe Rule 6 p f the Rules o f Procedure o f the £.14,0.., Appendix Mr,- ' f Ofte of. Ìtt: ̂ '^ f é . $&$%&*.■ . ■̂ ò̂’tiS'r̂ ;:i ^ i ö a r m ^ r $$&■>'&. i io t /öf. .c.önöideiatiönjs:. . siMnfe. apXefc :ì>©. ,&t ..ifc^/fg^^-r ̂ j j ^ l ó f ^ $8&a .n i^ iri^ . that non© ;0Crtstì5«S'-i;3. to. hssve .an -l&ai,¡iif .;0:i$e^a\;ón t ^ . :äsö^4a-; ó f ita.:, f i r s t ö,©öBionr ■ where&S-, i^ '.||äjB^p4^§^ i t .^ftóietél^:.©^«on# did not. te#o ,a; :daf‘ini;t.a,. .préped^ré to ;in..i^^Mön,;» thé-SOtà^ài treats; itsvi^e&nn.ie. fn<^i^iQ^i:.:^ni#i;.:̂ an©:aövthe' ßOßaais*- , * " " ' i ' / ’": ■'..■■•:■•"•■.... "■"■''■•;•....... " aionin-rniö.a.i^a.;vo'f.n.^lY©./P|^^?^^ ^ j^ re * .. . '........ ,..■: , . j n ; t^e. ad^tìóni;., o f , &|M&> hadlÄ.’:*äS*p(H.. there . was . feyifipn , Ŝfcenâ; % _ X^^ .the. Jo^^ ì:Ì Jsas $. definite à|§a|5|ég!&nan. bp:. . ; etn^ng.tSie. of ft©,neeond:|ìppÉnn.in .. #&!$%. j|e?i5£ o f tiip ..$$$0. an; tha; .pn^tn|°nn^. th© •fitst •.pant.of. .tiie- ©^po|$’f|i|^i0^tß$;Bfr0^ ■ third. oedsiQ& •S&.'Sft- thè Qóìàitó.iV.^ ìfS ^ fe li .tia© to thè .. . * •~.v>tf-' ' •.- “t •,•'•'.'- .-v> .-i .'"‘ *":.<• 1 See Rules 9 & ^Ò of the Ìruoteosnip Oo^ncìl's Aule e o f Procedures See United, Nations frusteeshin Qounoil O ffic ia l Records First, dears'.-First SeoBÌon froro the F irst ^eting. (.2fi,.Kareh 1947) to ' .the .'^enty-»soventh Meet»* ine (¿ S te r i l 1947) *- Knitod Hatìona. foco* X91* !» Preface P i Xv SeeP.M.C«-, Minutes o f the Second Session* 1922« Annex 1, pp. 60* 2 2 See Pyle,IQ o f the fruateeeblp Council1 e Rnleo o f Freeedurej See also Pule 6 o f the Pules of Procedure Of the P.fö.Gh ?Appendi* Aj See True«- teeahlp Council: .O fficiai tieoards Second Sessioni. F irs t Part froo the F irst . 'Xthlaéfcifc ¿94?) to the elghteonth 'Meeting (16 December, 19471» United Bahione '. ?7 '. .’■■.-•.••'• ' ■• '■■■"■; ... Before .th©\ o f the aajjor a$jte , it,, w ill, b.b.heo.es«»- . ©ary to;; $ ̂ .g rep a st ion of . tfcd- ,5'hB; .reaBohi ib:?,b$SBQSlng' J-ithf:’ih^y^ah0;: ^̂ ti]i|̂ ;̂i.3̂ :..̂ ^̂ , .a; direct b#.Hn&.Pb; .,'• ' -thh-h'ohtent- of the- agr^ai ifej^fte- *ib:ibb. «©hav-dp, val>i!able in- provi-ding the r - f - ^ r ’ '•■*'■■ ";■/ ■ * ...........■vv^.y^-r'^r^yv"^-::^,';:-:^ ''''............. . • i ■ w i t h - t h e trueteeehl|>.; eystenu ■ \ '., © j ^ i ^ § L - | B s i ; _ _ _ . ^ - n g r ^ in . the ^©id-.tn, ,:$n£-. h f the . iao.r.b i^qTthht ■ fKhotiehS: , raphtipned,w%3, formietion, p f .©/ queBtimv*-. .naira for ths-. n&ndatphias in..brdahto ftid, thhlt .annual (f .irt. i r ^ n # d . , in. the .fW f * . tee ship Council * b rules o f s procedure; thus giving the Council acre adequate . . ‘. .-^ejMiort jh . . , - g ... .. *!©*•. to. th® n&ne- datdric s a ± n p ^ : _ , had.,to a®n&^thesh-^ ©n$h®n£t!?*’ :w©no;.bhprh. ' S. ■ ' " . th© Oqm01^-e fblna o f .^hstedu?©?. :S,©h also.; Artio Ip 88»: Appendit C^; - “r m pm begin to dove? M r .&$: fop ■<&&; p m ^ m m ; ±m :.\ 0 p m m : « * ■■ ’ m M ^ p p p & p o f t e n , P I& $ h M 0 p , & jgie#iM£.’ bhe.ir . % . l ^ f ^ b b - 0 « A ^ » t i q n .m , ••i-’ .f e M # ;:$*.■ . : ' '■■'■ ' ' " ...... ' • 2 '-.■■■■ ■-■ ■. , .■ m p*y**p especia lly . *. ' *J • • • : ‘ .d p & a r ^ f $*$%***■ ly.-on ,»an^1ie.as?be®enba;.; ^S '.iF a ilin g to portray; the 1 For tbit original ”8" and !lGn ,. :ô '. the Commission knew very litt le , as to the structure o f the mandate govern- ment^olr, the type ¿of ^ofsipn^l .. ^e.JhfP^o#dli,,-of the .league Council. pae,.T^ef8ary before the more comprehensive qvp.sblorir^iJje Could, be placed into operation» but the League OCtincil fa iled rea- , ' son for hot agpfpyi^. the.. Cc^is.eionie. p.rcpeaal. uae thct, the fflandatories, .Other;, thdh Belgium:,; protesied .againet. it6,.edoptlon,.. Since: three o f the mandatories, were, EfEtbera $€ Jibe. the timC:*:, the Council did. not even .bother; t®; de ll fo r fn.;Officicl...yot.C,.;d8., the outcome, wap ,Obli­ vious. .Purlnj|.,the. .dle.oy.afion . thp..mandatories. accused, the Coiplaeion .of : ■■' .:UCUipih®::.;itf; that .. ‘ . the../adO0ion,e|',. ; :. ;̂ fei|§s C-omissiente: . ;supf.isvisioh. to. f ie ld s .hitherto:. ynder . the sole perogative. u f t h e i^ruletefy 12 1 See supra. Chop,* I , n. 2* p.,35>, In addition, the order o f the questions was changed# Instead o f starting with thé particular and roov-, ing to the general considerationo, the revised questionnaire began with the'governmental policy o f the mandatory along iri.th the legal conceptions concerning the mandates administration.. The 22 main headings were as fo l­ lows« status o f the territory* status o f the natiye inhabitants o f the territory , international relations, general administration, public fin ­ ance, direct taxes, indirect taxes, trade sta tistics , judicial organisa­ tion,, police defence o f the, territory,. annst and .¿munition, social morale, and material condition o f the nativef, conditions and regulation o f labor, liberty o f conscience and worship, education, alcohol, sp irits and drugs, public health, land, tenure,,.forestf,. mines, apd population-, _____ __ 2 P.M.C., Minutes of the Eleventh Session» 1927» pp, 14-15- I667I69, & 200. The Council supervised a l l the actions .of the Commission and its prior approval was necessary on a l l substantive decisions. See supra, ôhap.*; I l l , , n., 1 , p..'r 21.1 "Z f ^ .,$ëdaned. à f ]<^hP0; $^tfddaja.fejf.'i,he/.i!jt^^ e ifec - tiyenead o f thè: GdffimiQdi®n : wq$;,g rea t ly .feduced When i t casé to the detailed sUpbryieisn,.;: thè eStabllehSSst o f M Jewish. Hai ional Iioàé. fn JPaîôStîaa and -213%. ò f the other complex problems "” '.' .. •.■■■.•' ’ " ■ '¿ : ■ > " ' ■ '■" * ........ ■'■"■' ' ' '. Of, thÉ;-^a|Ohtip^. mandate». I League o f Hâtions Q ffic la fJ au m a l* 1926, Part 2, pp.,1253* 1253» & 1647*1653« Even thotgh there wo® considerable opposition in tha council i t was rather strange that the measure was not approved beoau.ee in the preamble of the questionnaire the Commission stated, that i t only desired that the mandatories reports bo drawn up in accordance with the general plan o f the questionnaire $nd should not be, necessarily reproduced in the reports. This provision, i t seems, would have taken care o f at lea3t pome o f the major objections o f the mandatory powers* 8so League.of Nations n,Bn and **0H Hands tea Li st o f Questions whioh the Permanent Mandates Commission Deslreg should bo Pealfrwith in the Annual Hooorto o f the Mandàtory î^wfefd; ©ooj.k$ '£ :l C 1S?26.̂ ÿ lv tclp.H. 407 (1 $ C . , : ' 2 For an analysis of tho 'questionnaires for the nAn mandates see League o f Nations Mandate fo r Palestine Questionnaire* Hoc* Ho«. A, 38« WÛ2* VI and League o f Nations .Mandate, for, 3yrla and Lebanon Question­ naire, Doc» Ho* A* y i 1922'V l* The C&eetlonraire fo r Palestine coneidted of 22 sections, whereas the one for Syria & Lebanon had only 16 sections* Tho Questionnaire for Iraq was postponed land never used because o f the al­ teration o f the mandate fo r Iraq* See P.M.O., Minutes of the Second Sea* sioô,l?22,pp»7 & 74} dee also.- P• i**u • ? illnutcc? o f the T©nth 3asalon,T P* 17« the * *? ,. . ;.3«BMpgn .m & & : .p * & r m m - *&$&<&*-■ ©cabling:. tb$ . m , m M m t m . & . . . . ■''- -2 •.:*' , -m m . * r n m * m m ^ m ■ • ^ ^ . ^ ^ . ^ I f e i t s t i i d been ,dom; . . in the :̂ |r̂ ^ . d r a # i directly . . | ^ : ' t ^ ;,hrtiele6 61 the trustee$pp. agreements* _ tfe#..1$iaf* . t ^ s h i p , § p ^ ^ m < > ^ % *m w tm . mandate systfci. ^...., ;, _ . . . . . . . . '-i. ■••,-'•" > . • s • :r ' . X . > see m t m 2 For ma appropriate example see the questionmires for Palestine and Syria and Lebanon,, which have in parenthesis, a fter each main section o f the questionnaires the appropriate artic le or artic les to whieh the question pertains*, See supra* 0hap* I I I , n. 2» p*; 228*. on-Mardh 1949 the' Security Council requestedth©, TrwBtedship Council : .... ■: -■•<*■•-*— i - — v — ’£*’' ■;'••''-.■■= - s-'••■ th is would . . t.h9;.,truatfeejdhip;:.v| ^ .- e ^ f t d r r ' ’ *i: *" questionnaire. Thug in the future there might be not only two type® of alao ^ i a ; ^ area ;j^̂ 3̂tŜ gkx̂ F:._ ̂ rlx̂ e.̂ strateglQ _ is also anoth« Security Council has the jurisdiction over a l l strategic trust territorieo, f However, the Security Oouneii.ia;t$. /evail.4t^it.f-.#^. th$. us^istsncetof, ,tfee ' ' '•;*■'''v’> ...•■■■■'■■ •̂-.-'̂ ~ ' “............ * ...^■■yi.-y ; ■ -■■■■■■ -; - ■ ■ -■■• : . of: hat?,. ̂ $ 0 8 y . considered. fo r the. Ter r it/? ry. o f .the Pacific Islands» Trusteeship Council is $$. ity ;0§d^l$.: f?l# ■. flu lietl^ . X (¿uly[ JC»' 1948) » »¿ » 'sfa&ST&’f , ^cm riig,.0<^cij./-' ~ O fficial' fteeorda Third Year 537 Meeting.::. 2*5 June 1943« l?o* 90» fBnited Kattonn Doc. . pW 9»1Q: See also Security O o W il O ffic ia l Records Fourth Tear AH f̂th abatingt 7 March 1̂ 49. No« 18» United ffatlona Doc*» 1949 pp„ .1-1 i j See also » "Itespena U tilit ie s in Strategic Areas*-M United Nations Bulletin« ¥1 (April 1<> 19^9) pp*; 544—54J* 65» Appendi* #.*■ »SSS35S35SÄ2Md33Sf£S®i ; ipi^sùcàìùg i t ..$5* íng.^ t^ r ib y ^ ,.. jj,,.j|#v.;n$& ;^J|Ä^ji^.;ij ^ t the ' té^i:C: trust ;$,ç'3?rit©^ a© ;à: direct r e fü lt p f the work don©. in preparing • '■'■ ' ; ......... ....... ...." ' ' Z / ' ; . " ' - ' " '' '""■' ,;;i ' ' "" . ..-wo 3 in .a KTttĈi .J2Qr$. .inorati© position :1víî tííí; ■?í̂ Ííl:. "H'ïïiëti?. i-t dre;M and Í,C” ,:!S0|^^Í>* ( jfcÎJÈÔ;; _ the. aahdate, ayateza*,. In addition». inikrftat i on and suggestione; were obtained Béom-ë.© ó.f thió; aid.,;. thè,;í?§gi|$|i, the .,prpi?islp.nai. .qiusá* . tî ,ô !4íÍpÉ#̂ -̂ ÉÍf-.’ ¿̂̂ v. / . ,4$; ».• re pul t , . t<5;. the. ad&intstering ttdi ¿ ̂Elííótó. -'Ä#t .-áíLdt- ïraotedP^I-E-.fp ^ c il* . ihua ré é lit idig .in.njarty ......... -̂ .!̂ ;_.̂ 0ŝ ŝ y-Ĵ ĉ ' .centönttf tte\.?^#t#ör .ehip. S d ï^ i i f t; $ö. tfeoâè used in the nani ©te. tys.tp.mv. îhpre :-l".\" i.;»:,y % # k: .ï'f-ït. ̂ t'-^t-'l^’î S t 2 in fra» . $|£;j5£f .$»£..'%ir ffiSyoft; i& ^i^e^at the °A° tD^date.s*; . . ̂ '̂ ;;̂ 3ê !¡|̂ .̂̂ |f̂ v.:^^^^^efcEí^M^^ ]̂!^■0,.¿^3^ '̂í|;l?í?,- :$% the; O.aoidosl:on?'e . f^| i^ fv f^ :|p? :' , -^ i :; ^ âttd. **0" ^ ^ . . i ^ r p ^ k . a ^ ip g * .: ■ .Alfa,p:£. ̂ ¡^c^0xt£ia:. ,i;S..t ; « ® , ^ a p i i i p t i y © section . $!*§•, %t^ :v0cwî 8iOn*;: . $>& '■ .^ f ;!̂ i9ng,ja)fi. |e|&|,.pppcpptp,.|^ bMt actual ad^tp^Ptt&tion ̂=tg«ŝ fte%̂MEt p t native® . nf;v!p||;i;&$; :$$ ̂ ^ .jf ̂ the ;apht£ni ^«astiona Merjp numbered t^p h ip n : ,v^J4 ^^ jaJ ijr .bp- . . fce|jj^_ ̂ hp^aa ft u pttached a nyaber; to each $#.piU4®& aarijr : -9& th(|;j^ain.,, :a-ĥ p?. .fp$tn^f ;^!it !;# | | i i^ :i:l̂ Hi.. $$:, .4 ^ t ia a „$?i ■eio&*/ liith the: p i^ c ip a l heading». iiei& to. a there was a, /ten••• •;'••"-•••••*• ’ -"■ ■ ' ’ ■' ' ;' £ " ' ■ ' &pe;,ei^$g$i$;.nj^ ^i^sffiie^Lon’e cjuhst^iormai^ee.^, The,-. , . .1. , * s. • • : ..;» .- t. : • \n - %- A-.-. •• -i-’ * • ••*{•-•- f .. '»••: ' -~ . y • .•• • j -\ •-• :■■■,; ' • • ! • : .'• ■>'. ■ '/ ....r.. ¡¿i- ,•-, • .7 : •.•,/—'a - ’ v’ • •'••/'*>, . •-.•• • • • . . . . : gee the zsandate qu88^ ® 3?* 1# * 08 which were previously cited above; Sec aloo supra, Chap* 11? n»°5» p* $9t See else Trusteeship OovmcU.Pro* V&ikoaafc^^ = ffait&i' Nation» .She -̂ ife* W®&*. & % ti -■ • la s t section was particularly important^ because i t wao designed in order .t e ̂ b#.eh atta i^d , -; - ... tc! this: .praPti.p£ is _ ,: ipoa-i.. . , ■ . . . . , . ,\ fa c i l it ie s engaged in epnduoting research in such fie ldp as anthropology, ing authorities to devote a?ore time and energy toward the deve.lopoont of tions o f the trusteeship Council and the, General Assembly. V/ithout those la st sections, the Trusteeship Gouncil^s questionnaire would have last raa&fe -0ff -its @ffCTtivene.M and thuo ao a .r^sull yiihdid- have -16 At one .of '.'its- In addition, the questionnaire cavils for a statistica l appendix . t ^ adoin^, . . . - ^ ^ ^ o f iaip:prtah’oa;j . sene f i f p u h ^ in. the ||$£;: v-iŝ v _;|ii ê?v h#f ah£ .they ware ■i&j&iti, ffee 'adminioMring . author it ic a are tb? iif^ie:^8(Slj> 30und t l additional , ,3̂5309.* _ ;fa5̂d /re^lationey irS$Ug<|, $$y ihe .iO;C'e ̂ .the which ^ -this prohedur©; , ¿Êaftd̂ fc©: -$k&Tl&?0;- ...■̂ all|t.d ,fo$ ;st *?''!. aAadatdrib^a'.also; ' agrood to-' supply th© same ;infor2!ation at. the; ninth session at the Coasis- '■'■'■•■■:1,v| ^ : r'“ -v'"''r ... < ■ • ■ - .... . -. . eion.i:;. Ji-would.,i i ^ v ^ vjb .^ . ;Gp^ i ss iq n . i f a lf . the O ffir o i a l . the l©gl©iabiun Sot .each raaadate.had teen' ihelndoA &a an . -Since . c i l before, it s authority . wap did, net , ■, hay© ',plaOing it.& queer, . in- two -organa* AS a result , th§ *5 1. Ib id , pp* 1>>17# The Statistical Append!?: consists o f 15 sections vh’ch are! population, administrative structure o f government, justice and penal administration, public finance, taxation, trade, enterprises and business organisations, housing, production! a* Agriculture, b. wines c* industries, d* fishoriefs, e* other, labor, cost o f liv ing, public health, and1 education. 2 .Ibid» Question 244, p* 5 -See, Article, 17 ’o f the Mandate fo r Syria and Lebanon, ApP^dix 3j Sei also P»!LC.,, Minutes’ off the Sixth ¿essiom |&'3i J**.iLC,', .Minutes o f the -Ninth Session-* %9<&p, ,fi* •"■'•' ti^sieeship :;s0>t.p©; jidr^ vpot_ able ^...position. to-obstruct the approval ,oi* the TruateeaHlp .Counci 1' &- is also true in. relation to altelrotiono, and although the Council did,not w ill Chi!|}|i^i,i^^ .definitely 0ho#n; that, i| ^ :(;̂ !̂ |||||3n ^|5S0.jhOw. tu.e^erattpn . is . on a, provisional status, and when the revisions are made, i t w ill be en~ the ,X?oui^| 1Sil|; .#&ppt, -Sosas/of the (4d|dj^|it!e^iiig. ' Hatioiis • w ill be consulted as,■.well. 90: the,.:speolali2ed ;&g$neiss*. Such cooperation 0f ^ '' T ' v "■ '.'"w- ■■'■'■■ ■'"' :; ■ " ............... 'wa ;ri :ao]£ing .ih the, ^ n ^ t s .^eteH;»;,, . -, ; the, importance o f , included in the comparison o f the;;yarious'.#̂ 00 o f .pi. the ■ 1 For a detailed explanation]o f the manner in iihioh the mandatories obstructed the approval o f tee Gpujaiasion^'s modified questionnaire, see supra. Chop. I l l , pp. 236-228; See also supra, Chap* I I , n. 2» p# 86; Seo also supra, Chap*. I l l , n* 2, P* 209; 2 ^eoort'of the frusteeehin..Council Covering; its Second and Third Cessions 3p April 194f-5 August 1948» United Nations Doc* ITo* A/603, 1948 p'« :'4a'Sae also . '’Important issues before the Trusteeship Council9n United IfetIona Bulletin , VI (January ¿5». 194?) p* 89; See also . , ”Ispues befOro the Trusteeahio Council» ” United Rations Bulletin , VI (“June 15 .1949) , p. 625, .......... H §. Cee in fra * Chap;* |£fi<£; Section. H* a«?,, tfisii ;as, ií u ít lia t# 'fèôu34ô- iôtrt^hë%' '. ; .®áf, The AâfoS&jæ^iaift Authorities Ahnú&l Reporta .. - &íl'0; .8 ó f the. Corsóleaioná yulos o f procedure and. J ©M; f :'ö f Article ■':■.." " " ' " v ' ' y " " •'■' ■ " ' " • ̂ ■'■■■•'̂ '-̂ ■■■■ï ■>■--'•-■■•■" " " i ' the ■; •'- - • ■«&g; ■■ ' ’ • ' •.. :'.' ' ' - .■•*. • f ' apth©? ;|t,..i#... !jM3Í&; . .,sig:.:whereso the 'Security Council re* •- •■ ‘■»*'•■ 1 2*•.-•. .>•'.••*v ■;;.•;-■*•’. • •'.' ■-,- • ; V- • .,'•■• .f .• ■*'•' ' \\>- ,;'■'?” .: \ ? - *v:>',k"“ v "’ '■'' .̂ ;•/•■<'•/•' <* • • • • :• • • ■ -;‘ ’■• .• '• p r to the T ^ t e e $ ^ p :; C s ^ . The 1 Seo Rulo 8 o f the Rulos o f Procedure o f the P.îî»C., Appendix A? Seo aleo paragraph©,7 & 9 o f Article 22 o f the Covenant* Appendix A* 2 See'Rules 72 & 75 o f the Trusteeship Council’ s Rules o f Procedure; See also .Articles 87 & 88* Appendix C»>. . ., * »* w,, J,.-. • f ' ■ :§ '-¡$è$i .Articist ®8*: /Appendix Qj Bop.^lm infra» Chap,-.111;»' n*5>- p .256. tut it a .ex*» -̂ 0-.. fepagfi^d; .with thp . investigation the laopt earefUl ot^|iii||jatiiG!n :st....%he. :<̂ 86g|̂ i|̂ ;̂ b.|kp̂ >-. ,.,|t i i s ^ ^ thplese had tp; hay.P. ^.pu^ijL^/Gjapj^val. bpjfepfi recda* _ _ . . , .̂ ripp^t’p* ,;§£«$$■ bp 4d.9ptp.dr . Thf. $^p££p!* . , power to- .'̂ eiiî Sir, p:u$>M& dopisions* However, i f these decisions are not to the Satisfaction of the Assembly ' they . _ 3 1 , ife: under thp;;anthprity ^pg êtdux*© «iiti ©npbi:©,. urgent/nettenb tp • ;$^...3^tt&j^,|$s.;.ja£..̂ tut yet .at the ¿pap tin© the neppssary. safeguards a re :fimp infeiMedp,,... .......... . .,.;...... time commented on the. Comiesipn*©. reComrp.enclhtionQ', replied back to the League ■Council, which ift turn informed- thfe Commission of the ̂ mandate powers ‘ ' % \ : ' ’ ’" ' ': ' ” " ~ V '’ system:^ ifeeieil added' sighif§esppp& '-Fpr iisptappni,, li See \aupra,;'Chafe •Wfe*. &», 2». p*. 2G9j .Safe .infra,; Chao* I|3b*$-..2.y. p* - 3 iMirmtafe f̂ef the ^eond,Session,,, 1922« 0» -75.», -" -* t • ■> . '• • : 1 ..iA38^fei^^ijb»ir;.| .̂ , f ^l : 0 | ! | ^ | ; i f ^ : & ^ . t u r t t ' til© / t ^ S t . ©$>70? ©; . i n f o r m ’ to* be ;$ek©% : .;.. __̂ Efee.»sfe ‘ ;̂ !?-|B.̂ ^̂ i:..,̂ p5;. -Î d̂. ¡,̂ '3e:«»SSííí̂ ■' ness o f the presentation o f the ©nnual report© and their review by the h ^ | i . ¿ $ t h p u g , h th©, r£p$r$iT ,$oj? thd: ■ : • ’■ t > * • ly six weeks prior to ■¿to $?©iitijng,:. the .ia£nda^r£e:s did pet always fallow : r: — 'V‘- ■^■-•|;': ' ..'" ̂ ^ : - ; V ' ! " • ' this practice*. Ip, fact at its eleventh, session only, three, o f the eight . o f the ^E^ie;|on|, Although1 prior to that date the Oossaieslpn attempted to review each of th e . . reports;,.,.i t . «©0:. not..t©e,;fhddeefefu|> thpp: nearly oa©B:irig. a. delay ip the .re* 'v:'" ':”: ^ '•''...x 1 "'2' ' ' ' ', ' ” , yi©w: !pf ■ ,^y© i^ ;jepp^t^ l2* t The annual reports fo r Palestin©;*. Syria» French Gameroone and So* gol and, Tanganyika, Southwest Africa, Hew Guinea, and Haym were to be placed in possession o f the Commission before May 30» o f each year which allows lees than a month*» leeway prior to, tne, ComalsBion’ e June session* while those concerning, Iraq, British Oaaeroona and Togoland, Ruanda? Urundi, Western Samoa, and the Japanese mandated islands ware to be pre* seated before September 1, o f each year-, thus giving the Cornala ©ion at least two months to review the reports, prior to, its Sovewber session. See Rule 5 °* the Rules of Procedure ° f thaP.M-.G., Appendix A. 2 2*.M.,C,(, fiinuteo.of the Eleventh Session. 1927» p«' 'Ì5.J So© also- P.&'.C., Hlraffiàs. o f the Twelfth Session, 1927 »pp* 15*14, A sim ilar d ia* qrepancy was novicèd à i the twelfth session, at which time four out o f tfe£',six Teportàl'^ h i ‘were examined were received a fte r thè deadline fijted by --the., league Council*; ■•;■ \ ■ Also the antiquated rules o f the 0omission did not take into conei* t b f l l * 0 & W ' .■igsbt.' ^ufit>ral3^^:-.-Ĵiâ î ?̂,b. fo r New @ul0&, T$h: grepi July 1 Apr.i.l 1, to March ?1. Because o f this procedure Australia liras given until the follow-' trig. ^ y :; '^ .before i t :Q;;rGpoi*t, on Mj8w Ouineawan presented t& the: ¿tifflaiiii*- ' ■""" ' " ' : f ■■-■■■■■■■■'■'•■■■'••-•'••'•':'■'•■•'• v - ^ . - ' ^ - v - : - ••••••••*■• -v.........■ , ..;'-̂ pii.; ' 3̂S:gfle(.3t̂ .;; î iayd̂ fe ; un r^ il^d ;. iter al-^. cf,;th&.,tprr-$tory:i:; .guch .a. ettv^ticn,.did' rwt provide the end ■ :jS'3î ĵl̂ -. ;§£;&. jt .̂j;̂ ;̂...j3̂ riea(̂ i.'bility o f having the; rer ' In add it ion 't | £ . ■£0:i.$$‘&P&fP-,. wteo poStpo^d until the ment on. the. repcrte, .fox' the .Pacific, islands xsandete,». British Qaiseroons ' ■ •,•.••;••■ ̂ • - - - * • ̂ ^•■■''••V- :-T"--:'- V. ::y r 2 2 ' 1: •$$£. ?»t,V$ry: ‘W l l ®Kpla'ih#d--f. .. _. Undey th^vtru0$ee*$ip,' j§jp$ip ,a Such sore satlsfactojy plafft. adopted»;;... piedfdW^e.. .provide: that- the annual reports •- '-l̂ f See lalso' Minutes. o f the- Seventh. iWooion» 1925» e '» a* g l l i See at 00 League o f . ra - tibno O ffic ia l JotirhaiT 1926« Part 1» pp. 269-270» The desirability* o f having the New Guinea .rspprt m asin edat the Noveapar peso ion» as was the New Zealand report, is obvious. By auoli a procedure, "the report would have been examined six months earlier' than was the actual caBe* afeo ••ehaii. ;.ì>̂ ';p.rtì;0é3tit,)&.d f©f$3^tlOp., , ó f , iheyeaf : tO/,.Whiph i t . ' ^MÍNií̂-- •'-Ö̂T'. . proöö.d'ö^ f̂ej&. i'̂ t̂ 5̂ 55Ç:/ _ -̂ fĉ f.̂ -ÿf̂ î f̂:'■ /öitfn- t̂t#.jéÆt:. -J|¿»í:..Ií?if̂ .. $$:;(& fe'eult* ¿so^.p.f .. ' ■ j § 0 ^rspofta .la t>ÿ;/thf.' . j||||, -%0$:, p t^% iu ic^f the ' . entitled? %©¿.four:, '^ntfee. .often: the end ö f their adatóíabr&tiv©. jrear tn :&tdéje to pre^ . ,.; v . . . . „ < | „ . ; - ■ .. . . . . . . ■ - - . - ■ • - ■ ; ■■' ■• " ; : ■■: " r j-.. ; ( ..v:.,.:::v.,, ... ....',.' . , :.. , ; ■ ..r ;, : .'ïÇüçëî̂ .,.*;̂ ... , ■ fh©, . Sincri. .^ë;^ t^pt^e;ohl|) . j&atép,. th©: ■ada;5^.a^©r|ng authof* reppëèt to British ?o0&g$$. and' th©̂ - Canoro one* However^ because o f the f le x ib ility ¿of the ïrosteeship, Ootü>» ^ ¡.0 0 0 0 0 ^ 'theeô'.fépp'îtp" hhvé .b.;e.en.;i?onài.dè;red at ■ ,,‘¿ , I l i » n¿ 5.».o»- 256* See .^|^';i¡§ píf the .^u.^è.eehip. ■. Council1 e Hulee o f Procedure* i . » M M Gç^àîÎI' fï£$;, #i|i|e#'; I$$ft|é|$;, $&0jfâë:ë, ;$uif ift- tfc© înhai)l^n"ba and the. i& e rf.jçfeul^; $$■ .&; pra&p£né;ss ::ç)Xi:, t$$ part tpf the admisp̂ JB̂ '̂ âR̂ i!̂ :. ■$$$%$; ;!§$^($:/$0r' porte a* ^ e ; ; 3 ^ ^ ^ ^ (||^,,|^pi;.4;:%^if^L^:̂ )^L,i^il e 'f t:hev früsteéahlp; / Councll ta revîev thèse reports at the ;earXieet opportun! t$r* tn addition . Wéfè-npt, te, ,£o-r ';i$© •.rëgoiréd' ûi?c «sê&r prier. ta. the, holding oithe. thlrd session */hich conmencéd on . J ù n e 9*1 ;ŝ f R^aüd^^nmdij even ÆretaryrGsnoral on îfey .6, 194Ü, juot 3.Gi!|Ê ,’f^ the . .ppi»$# .3̂sp. . . .- ratjbor _ ^r^èhn1i#ntt. S ih e# th® ', ¡¡3.$;f;.̂ ffi|h, 2 . ■ 1 ' ’ ■ ■ che, benefit o f the general public* fhìo le definitely a system o f super» . ;$$Ìhé^t3th£s ■ and .very #fÌ M #®*', $j^.e*;' jpê s*aon. r̂ -̂ êfe#eià?ê . hit & diced« :y$|ff|g®*;^.p^fviSÉthyhÌte ,#pl®e o f ;éaòh:^re^ii>,/there èrsi hh##ly '•' ;$■ bright-» ,,on»olt».*:. p-p*. H 2 However, copies C,an ,be obtained^ by applying directly to tue admin» . £ 1..ÌL1«.*a ì .* " mi. ̂ ^ ,.'-i jes^L^ m_L._11-...«sul n £ À ' * :E - ^ & ' ' i x L r ^ ' ffient in ih,1 W thè- 3^igó^^ì»g5Ìa^iS&; ' ' o-f. thè’’’Óhitei Mtihrih i iià ,%x^ % & à ìM m r^ i6 ^ 'M x . thè _ _____ _ _____ ___, , . ^ . . . v v „„, __ _ ______ _ __„___ ________ giiaerti by His Majesty* a governaent in the Ùnited Kingdom o f Gr^nf .Britain and Wo%%’&àth.v&h&t!ah.C?tC:'.tl^ ' Adminletiration-of Ta?iganyllga fdir .ths .Yhaf 1947 »P o lon ia ! liar*. 220» Londom _ anpugh' for„the, %::!0k?. .. ■ . .:̂ p^. ,Jijeóte. Jĝ dtjp; 10$ copies- ■■0̂-:i Spi^eM * . fnndd itipn , ' ^ - • i a ^ t ^ p ^ l ^ - c o p i e - g i - .. 'Íl^bh$U' public, and In that year they were printed by, the I*eague«f This practice .î rjgíjar .'i»eeia«»©; .¡gf.ip the added esqpj^fe^.; ̂ |xv»ííí ■ ̂ í̂ tétríéii . ’■ ‘ .... ....................... • ............................. 2 "' " ■' p*as|í'̂ L:̂ i.gí',1 j | ^ 0 í . . _ . woul d .. , this. ■ <*!»£. bhat o t . ̂ - a rhíhtílt#; i-h©: on ly thclr;:;.f?^rt&; ,: through '$hf;. e$t „and. 1 1 See Hule 75 o f the Truetoaship Council's Rutes o f Procedure. _, £ SeerPule 5 o f t&e Rutee o f Procediiréof the P.K.O., Appendix Ai 3eé also' P.^.p.., imites o f the. Seventy Session« ,1925» P», 8j S,ee aleo P.H.O.j Mjmtes o f the Jféinth Session» 1926, p* 9; Seo also P»M.O. , minutes of the Tooth Session* 1926, p* 15*' However, copies o f the annual reporte «heh available e,ould be obtained by requost from x,he publications depart- . sent o f the league Secretariat* This "practice was sonewhei qoro advantag­ eous tha,n the one jaow being resorted .bo by those interested in obtaining the ád&ínleiering authorities annual, Reports froki th^'trust territories* I t enabled scholars to ojbtain copies without being obliged to apply to the administering authorities in four different continents as is now the s it ­ uation under the Trusteeship system* B©:poi^-é- o f the ggffiialssion. and the . Trusteeship : _ Council .• . 7 4. ' £ ,à;*é much ■ - . . . , .-Fi .•■ \ ■■■-,. '••••-.•«•• j ......7 instead ; . o.f . trénd o f ĉfej : bho 0gim^m> Y è-:- ’ ’ !i ' ': ' ‘ - - i ' '’ . ' ' ' ' ■ ' r!" ■ ■ , bapis. tp thè minute's o f thè lust j|hd$b$$Od tb© ■ . ^lì:;.:a©ec?urit: on $ -cé'rtain. X The Ti^eteeebip^ouncil discussero tho annual report on each trust territory individually just as was dono by the Oowaieeioni The Cannai salon, however, fa iled to. giv.e à, reyi©w^oi‘^córiditions' in the- trust territo ries based on the, annual report of. the manditoriea* Without ouch preliminary background ns.tergal, the observations o f the Commission did not have thè proper>emphasis. iUoswiGa the Truste©a|hip. Council, divided ita review on each trust territory into a much mof© satisfactory arrangement. Whereas the Ooyasiesicin used generai and special1 observations &a ita wain sub-divi­ sione» %hn trusteeship Council developed ite^discussion into not only ob­ servations with its numerous sub-beading® tbu;t in addition 'adopted a sec­ tion on conclusione and recommendations* Without an ©numeration o f the Trusteeship Council*© conclusions and recommendations, this part o f the re­ port would be, litt le , .better than'the procedure developed by .the Coaaiseioft* As a result, i t ih rather d ifficu lt to determine in many instances shether th.i' Oommiosion tme merely waking a general observation or was recommend­ ing that the mandatory ■comply to certain observations o f the Commission* In addition, the Trusteeship Council handled the section on petitions In a Eorè complete manner by_ includine enough >$p^reund. material so as to acquaint jthc reader with the problems being* discussed«. Report o f the Trusteeship. Council .covprinr i t s Second *and Third, Sessions 29 April l ^ l r r ^ August ~Ì9^6y United H.&tionQ 5o.c< Ho * i./$Q3, August, _15?46, jpp«^ 9*59 *■ Se® also R.&U&.» Minutes ,of the Twelfth Session, '1927* p % » c l Q b P.M.GU, ■̂■nategvO.^.-..t;he,:-J^ea. X^p5* ppfi 'S!3^2^§* ■; • ! . ■•i • • topio pf diecpióaion* _ Because oí1 thls practico i i is raiher d if f ic y li to determine wbotber, .̂®l»-̂ 3aa3í̂ 3¡p' re^ehting'j additionaí :ihfar*- •••v ' .":<; ’ T :'-: ~ ' V - ' : ■■■•■■’■ ■ • ' ■;v.';"r ■■-' y " '.; pation or merély; p§feáj^;;á ..::.' : ?\-.v'i,\: ’ , '.y :;_:íí̂ ©5 ' áep'ifioiv ®PPPr cid. as ocb& utioa o£ the Tríiotooehip Oopncil’-'o soosions heve co fa r hpnsieted o f 700 ©j f thpts; Jttc &,: J5f i ,ln$iude;;. m$k }p0p$¿, v^ffórfc ^’..v■ -v£>? ’j' . .‘ir .'■;',','í >•,/!'j| ”>'■'..... ■_ '■. • ..v, í:;:p-"'■■ '" ; ’/ ’ " ' '■ "/" '.".. '..*. •/; ,’,;v¿ ';V;c>. ‘A. |:i.\. . .'.-■ Jt. . ; . miípiteo did not as a rule run ovev 2©0 to 25° pagos at t ’ae moot* As a .... >.:•'■ ‘ ’ ’ *̂“ . ' : •y.; <■ ':'■ . •’*'/ '' ’ • reoult it, was eonvenient fo r tito Ooaaaission te» inelude l i a repo-rt to tho Council within the docupiert cavering the pinatos o f the QeásiQíiS». rtt-A 1 Xhio procedure in it s e lf wcul$ havo boon very desirable providing that enough background material would have bs,en included so1 as to bring about a continuity of thought .t# tho problems or, issues being discussed* The Trusteechip Council did indeed refer to additional documents but not in such, a way that would tend to disrupt the trend o f thought in the to-» pic being discussed. See supra* Chap. 1X1» m 1# p^ 2^4* 2 See the minute© o f the' Session© o f the Permanent^^Mandates Cossais- ©ion Í1 af. q*—\,.+A„„Ihí « SüJ ¿»¿' W CM--l-jl'"'Ó-aÍ¿ aion tho Fortv^.third floating- i 5 Aurmrf 19-fó) « United nation©, iioc» ; •19^8* ' __________ ______ t ynit©dttiatl on;?*. PceV 19¿>7 j Seo also Trusteerahlp Council O ffic ia l Records Xb.lrd, Session from the First Meeting .(l^ Jirne 19461 to t e t a d 1948*'" x ________________-...... ----- i 'lUHflW! -■ " m ' ;tiork>.. ;;Fp.r ̂ ib^to^e'*.;. asa’ïy/.Of. the, -=̂|3aag&.̂át«|3cser'- . fl i f ,; t h e , a u t h e r i t i e a ; e.oeld net l.th© haôîs b f £hs.sessi«ijn of. t h e . : îS- > 1 S î i '^ . . '̂ çnûHa;«:?.i,‘ l">‘“..•' “b•'■o'“•w/S ftyó" "r‘ V ' ,.’• . haa;¡|! P' é• •pv- V ' '“s•d•''l•p á' .• , th•i•s••. •.•. . >?t.;;to ;th©: Generi. Aa.efísibiy. pn r its activities; la discharging its: reap ont , — . . . ^ r ; , V l y . - , , . . ^ ' y . y - , . ^ . . . - • , - . - < .;■ ■ *■ ■ '- system;«; :i Oftôftti^S^iittiâ''#$W 'WC--iae&tiiaá in irhe. 0'ôiœi:issi©a'î'3 reports te the • . Council;*/. wl’èrèçt.#̂ ; thé . . ï^ôbeeehip P îmç'i.ï ,' àç.tlvif'.. ' * * ■ : " : 1* ; : ‘' '» i V . . •■ ■■ ties tfei^gjiôàt-.t^ià ;ënti;ie;..ÿeerïipote;aâ; o■f.#éïôly:,thê./#i^j^ÉS before th#> n , '•' ; ' 'l 'V Ors point oust be. .raised, at t hiö; tipè la relation to the Trusteeship . J i .. end; its,, eeaparip " — r ? v ^ \ i v ' ; V ' f ' ' ' ■ efjàtôjâ .Cil* s ./is. presented fellowìng^t^,'^Óaol^lpn of T h i o 4 ; H f . W ¿ * -■‘P T n é v T H i l Ÿ + j i r ' * $ ? P # + . - n ó r f l n / 1 v+. i * r i 11 • »>«+. k;l í - f ín Tí* cx Vici- n ì ^ V » ■ “ f •• •• •’.. ,1 . • ' ‘ ’ seated at th®, b CounctT’s rules o f proc,et " ■ ji roply d l* réh£|jr &$.; _ tifcn̂ îâ̂ güâét. *̂f¿; taking In •arâèÿ; t a 1;.; ■ ■,....., I] .... Previous ta tfelo tljae, the ( mandata rie a were, answering ; the Gpzôiniasion’ a 5.-;a¡atérÍal. .in théir . ■; y;; l ;;: f Aaeeatly. ' -gOv ̂ fita , ■ Second and IM rd „Sessions(29 .toril1 19^7^ August ' 13481.. l i lt e d Nations, 2 See Rule 3 p f the Huleo o f Procedure o f the P*M,0*; See also P» ^*G*» Minâtes. o f the ^Qnty»&eyenth Session » IJpJf), $v 259.5 5 P*M*G., ilinutes o f the Fourteenth Session,. 1926, p* l6j See also Minutes, o f the Fifteenth Session. 1929» pp»>20^24, IJO^lJÏ*. :2ö4- h - m - ~ m i ir "in n r m ir • 'iy i I s' , • ^^|>:|̂ l̂ d: .tfith ..its- ■ f̂i£̂ W thin the annual '.' • ;/• ‘ ‘ v ’ ■• . ... ." ‘ '. '. ”’ "' ’■ ’ . •’■ * .* ”_■ : '“ ■ . ' ' .' ' ■ -.-y ■ -■ ■■-■ •■: • •' • • ‘ '." ; '• ' ■ ';"'ji" tipft J 0 f^ ^ j0 ip p y ^ t:- $$&, g . b e e n .;$$ .. ; V;i,llnstdr t ip ; %0Pi^, d#t to th® , r ; ’ - v " •• ■'■■■■■■"■"f0 - . ' : ■ 2 ■ 'the .&ar49te ; 'pyetp3* ...... • '_' '\ . 1| ter'rito;!^,. dr bergitdripa, under., i t a . i^pervlsipn^^.tbd ^^e»^ 'of the .£d#inig~- • f " '■'% ■■■■'"' :: • ; : ' : . : ; " ' ' v ' : V' - - ■ • ■'' ' : t:;-,i' ■ ■ \ • ' , , ■,... "■ . ■ /,[ gji the trust : the administering authority* -Ja this upy the adainloterinj: authority can . haye 315̂, ._ ip; ;. Gopnoi l , codM pb«* t3in.:a: ■ ipSi... jgp i^c f!; wipe ipiidwsel: in the pan&atp:. eyate® bijrfc ;ltvueu3; not . a }/’ : '{'■'■ Ó ' 1 .Minutes o f the Twelfth Session. 1927» p* 1J# • :'rJ-, ‘ " •* * • J'■ ll*l■y'•',’V:m''->“ :* ' 2' »', •'" ■* •'-"’... ....' l;;' , .•.'".*;' ^. - . :: "" .7 '“ ’ . ij ••, * ' ■ .‘ '•]'• ^ . ■•. '.'. • •' j >;’>• • -i V •.-.•■ i-V -..»^„V.. ;-t;(i'V •.>••>* v V j V ;-'V.'.̂ '.- c * « < y .-y ■■.-'■< ■■■■-•■- -■ '■.': ■- u •>< • .*,,• -)\ : ■ • :• ^ The1 fflandatoriee, likpwia©»■ had, the opportimity tp^ei^p^t. a:..#pè .̂,. c.ially qualified, rpprpsentàtiv© to he1 present -at thp’ poBsiond di' fè&k- iapnent Mandates Cpómitéslon* Boa Ruìo è o f thè Hules o f Prp^^drp. o f th© p,ze..c.. '■. ,->:i ' - tl ■ll- 1 .• !j ... ;V*;. . i ;! . .. .asyatCJ-K t.ru:ptee;sbip j;03r^^ra^; th3 sp#*. 1 . >' ' ' ' • j • • ■ ' . eia.;l; t i lif , ; g £ , : i | ; 'rule,- an, :S£di$i$p3|i. who. ' f s a d ' . . Jje ̂several , i n s t i ^ g ^ Sueh Kas.' . the paae. d^lh®; ,thpv :dlepuaelpft ,p|̂ i the ;.ir, âl3rtt/_ is??»??- „ . wfciclh. f j 0 :.;rŜ !3̂ e®..-̂ fe.L... îŝ ..• . : ; third, ■:} .i-.-y'.-s;. T'. 'iV "*■' ....' ’ " '■■'■'''•■■'■■.' !:. ' ' f " ............ £ pi ' , th«?.; th£r^ ! # h . .a# ®ge>* ” , ' ' i.i ' ' ' ■ ■ . - . ■' . j Men 4Ef{/it0^l7:p : f i r e i , ’̂ the, pp^atlpnP ipfH$. penher^^ ;thp in ist territories- than wp-uld 'have - o rd inarily . l^»/:fcfcsjee;®^;. ,M. ... . ...,„ ;v:j ., .. .....;., ;., inatanchp;/the. ffi^datpr|^a:; did. not send. a. r|prpsp!atativo:;. to ar^erv^a'^tdon'o when, the annual report.on.tt^.ir .reapspiivo- aandatep ■«F̂ â «v. ;S3uph ,a: ,aifeiatipn;%a.3: es *1 --; ., ■ ^ ' v '•; —.. '-■• • ,'.•. j,v. .l4.̂ ; {] ' >■, *. ', ^ ' <• ■>;>•- --: ?■-»-.v,".;? .••' *•' - f.v.; Vi.-,''^"'> V’1 ' ? '* --• v’v.1. '...'•• V},» i,; ¿., ,;. i .-•_.» ,:.. -•,.... . r 1 See Stele JU o f the Trusteeship Council's liulee o f Procedure. See the Minuses pf the Sessions o f the.P.M.O. end the Minutes of the Sessions o f th© Tru.ateeahip Comcil for. additional Information on the types of gueetions. as&ed w&d.the answers given. . ̂ . ,, . .,' ’2 Resort o f the Trusteeship Council „Covering it s Second and- Third Segaions(29 April .1947-5 .Auguat l'$A8). United Satioha Poe. ,li&* A/60^t ' . August 1948, pp* 5»10‘ See algo P.M.O., f!lnuiee o f the Ninth Soeslon. p-* 20$ At the ninth session 5 o f the 6 jrepre,sentativea at the ¡expiination ■ceiP;'s;.,t|K̂ , ; I , " j ■ * '■ ■ ■ !f. 0 Pig;,S'*,; ,ftnutefe!;O^Vttfe',$edo^ 1922, ^*-,'1^? See also P:rH*S», •Mjaggtee.-'iO'f the SevQnthls^eoidn. d^ 10k &- 216*: ]. ' eapb. oi‘: is .beiiig ^reyiewé’cU- V i: .; ..'...;■ • • ■ .' • . ' <| . . eóthèrtty ©hall bp .èb.. è̂ Kèrô al;- répEe'és iitat i ve pi-esep.t a i .ifeeilMfccaeàfei»: e f ' ....b;$ gjpiofeifelplfepàà ì̂y,. ; :sj|i .̂§ip '̂;,||ì!. ;..i$£p.ra|^iò|i neèpsBi- ■feataà iróediate .rovistìi- T»o> of .thè. uiost ic^ rtan t ejianpìea were. thè '■■''(■'• '' Vi' "- : '̂' !['*' ~ '■ 'P '■ ' ■'1‘ “'“■ ?•"•■-!■,■'V'i’;‘.‘i >.■'■? ’vi'-.y-i .; *' ; ‘*}’ ■''' * , f $ [ ' ^ ‘ ■ Jipweyer, thè . 1?te$É£>:. .ettejìt:|on ‘p f t^e :P02m.i.f©ioti Op^is.eìon . ■’csaaî jà.. ̂ _-̂ sì; $yi .speéìa-l xeport. "•A |^a.:ler;;si%w^t|.pn, ^p i^btóeauBè ^ hpye nót. ..(j. ^ .- .. . • ■■■ ■■ *= : , J '' , r ' : ? ' ‘ . " ■ ' ' • • • '■ port to HbitiS'.' feécirî ; sub?? :; ' ••r !‘ •'■■"•... • " ‘Ì T ^ •, '" !' r' ' ' ^ ' ? ' ' ' ' V H ftì:. rp^è&t*.. p " I.;8èe.- Bùlea' efpPhoceàareiv ' .2 B e a s t u p r a , Q h a t > j , f r r i > . S i p*~ 38» : . ' . . . , : . . . . . . . . . . j l - % $®P . saprai». Shép » |fi^:;;%, 2|r_ì>»;,.̂ É.&,.'$&■ .2Ì1«;; : ;/|. . :. .... k Repórt o f thè Trustéaahip .Qoancil •Ooverins: ita Second end. Thlrd Bea alone .3g>- Aprii /l947~5 Auguat .1948« Oriiiéd. iaitlttfea Jfoe*Pféà*; &/6Ù5iì&Q&i. Sée saprà, Qftapì II,. n». l i fri ÌQ5«.... ■ il ¡i _ ; jö̂ . .a very v" . ' :.:,";‘'L , ; -. • - V. :. " *' ■' ”'"'-\ -’ . ■ . ■' .sp:(^^t; ^ ^ ^ t j j © va ,^ i^ a ^ f in ^ enthoritlbSr^ :.-̂ Í3̂ 9í3fíÍf' . Bir'.- ,^Í3̂ioK\it5> Ife i^rñ Sarape. ëmd. tine . r e y ^ r i ' tpe:-tnAón-.ef1 2§,oüth âfT,laa .fo,r the former,- raahdate& t$r* ■ •■■>•:.>•■ :;:¡7;-v;' '■'■■'•■'; : ’■"-•? $'~ '••'• ' v'-'• ' " “"' —r r r - v r ^ •■V'-- ' ■ ‘ "'-;" . ■yĴb̂3F|?;¿ .’.. ..Wfts1,. _ not, ;&$ jm%&a .reporte. o í thio notare nor to raa&e dora-* ■";, .'■"/?; /r''n’P \ 'M ......... ■'"•;■;■ '' '. ! V '- .1'" ' ’/ ' l r ' " : - .................. lagö'M v^^.’i^ÄH-'■• ¿ ..;•., ,• -•. ....... _. •■;: _ _.iín J ^ p té é i^ p Spurie,?. 1, dppduûted: the entire . #3i^ .i3̂t 5̂n b ^ ^ wí^par-á:. .of in. the raandaid eyeteraf nere«- ;].■'■ '• ; ■; i, the ~ : . ï ‘ ‘̂;:/ :' . '■ 3' v * ' ’■• V1’-î ':y ’ ' ’ ■ . pratier* o f the.;, r-epört- iö, the. , tepy.. ,3&gĤ..; t i a ^ f f r ,|)^;ít^^; f i ^t^eí i í í > p'ounell rôjqtiçQt; $k&yß$9p?%.*., -IH©, pèpePt iwajs /repeated,. by tft®. Sanerai Aejaembl ;̂ and. was examined by J ^ Ç ^ I .,d ^ í’« #$&#■•£ eethoritation had been fp^ lyed i;||^ ;^be . Asperatlx*.,. Jhi .̂,;was. :;e, vçry ^ p ç^ ïe it; ;eitwa^pn;.;beepee the Sp0t|/; ^Äpaae îö;: 4 j & ê / ' : .-3’*^ area ,wae' .not -wndesi t^:..'trptee;sh:ii> oystes*. _ ;The fruateephi^ . 1 See supra» Ohap-» ïï*_ n» $f 9* lOJj See alao'^p.pra1Chap*ll»n»^»p«92 2 3 p euere» Ohap» I I I » iu â # p» 209 & n» Î* p* 21J.«’. | 5 The report to the Trusteeship Ootmcil by the United Nations Mission to■ Metern S;a¡taoa irilX be further dipetiseed in the aeetion on risita#. See ■■&&&&* I I I . «>. 1.* 2, p. 265 and n. 1, p. 264..’ ;..\ ;ï ._ information ;:L«a$, neqpae'àry sp it the. Unipn o f South, Africa,. tp oppyly,à d d it i^ e l ib f pr®atiqn . . . ^ ;j i ^, ;t|i#.iib.i!B'ii-. .̂:..#4f O ç ^ o . i l * ,,: ;Thi0;,;^ëcipl ; report. was . tiqns were examined fcsr. -, ̂ .̂'0.3?., Genepal Assembly. V^''' /V”' ' ...■" ....... "% T '•'<1 " '’ f r e # Al though at this ■' " : ; ' '. , ; v •. ■■■ " ’ i l tins i.t U^i.en Intpnâo to ,f&%$0' the recommendation , of, the.. Gensfhl , Assembly pnd ,fféptessMp. J.ôiœçil, ■ ' v. . . ■, ' ' ' ,°l ■ : the .na^^aaupa?.. .ifftppft : ̂ »̂...:,̂ |ayg- .. like ly , tend ,^ ,^ ^ 0 ^ 0 , ; t f e g L , . p f pptr . uai, t lu ët. ;j^. coursé the Genéfàl. Assembly give a its. . approysli^ .., .,.-.-.. .’ ... '' ■ ' t 1 See supra* Chap* I I » pp* ÿâ*î?4* Sep also Resolutions adopted by the Trusteeship Council during jt a .SeQe^..ito.eglQtf. firow'’aO.- ̂ vCTbar l!5>̂ 7 to 4‘ Hay’ 1945, United Nations goo»« 1948» pp», lé -2K Thai 50 questions which the Trusteeship Council transmitted to the Union o f South Africa were very thorough and exacting* They dealt with government, financial, and economic questlone» land and reserves, education, and health, but by far the greater number p f these questlone dwelt on the Southwest African land problem*, dpst what the Union o f South Africa intend a .¡doing in order to Improve the inhabitants well-being remains to be seen* ..However, the Trusteeship Council’ s method o f questioning w ill aid the General Assembly in making the necessary recommendations to the Union o f South Africa per­ taining to the. administration o f Southwest Africa,. 1 ■■¿‘ See TruVtee.shlB. Coimcil 'd ff lc ia l Records Thlrd Seécj!ian..Supoi^eênt* United Nations. Deo,* î/1'57,» 194§, pp. .,51-152 î For a discussion o f the Council’ s observations, see O ffic ia l Records o f the Third Session of the General Assembly* '^ParC'l" ffûatéCSMp.:.FoUrth C og^ ô f Meetings 21 Séniembèr ••*~-22 November IMS;» ; ffeithd Nations Dobi;, 1945, ' ■’ ' PP# ....... fheöa ..grao t i ces .ara;. eçn%r$$y. %p. j t feòaó ; ' iho MandatétyppÉm Jfi4. tÿpit -ÍST-, .$N* 'GQEiini.,©öl;oïî. and thè " • was-, ito. role,, i$ th.e. ,1^^pp^ßprjip$ .of .^he 'js^dated $&*$$■ iory'di® £•*»$#•. The Iisagwe CoOTicil took: ögragiate ohargé: and did not consult ■; ; ■ r - :" ' ' : : . " " - ' ~ - : '■ •"’ ' ’: • ' " i ■;'■;■ ' ......" th®;/f<^I$èion, ..... ;]. .., ?h© .aótd^-itiás.. of,, t ’rta . $ruOt^ ; In ...the ;PaÌó§tdnQ; eitaation ar©:¡ also worthy, of. mention» . íae :,.:%.narál., Âôseœhly ; gavô: -th4 fïTastfeôâhIj) Goaciçil a f̂ ê .-lr̂ yfcd̂ .-3ßöi-?f; ihe?;. . ;C;f , dáry;aaléB;í;:. ^ç . Goun:oil, .gppp the Q:ener&,l ; AggsiBbiy' et. .detailed. . ï«^p^t,ijo%. .ife%.̂|:-, . -jgLv aparaté fègort. 0n the. prô$-, V, ■ .. !: - . , ,-v . •• '■• ■•■ ‘. ' ■ -*w - ■ ^ ':.g ■ / T ■' ’" '" 1 •' ^ tèetlon :o f. thè G tty ■ _• -Tho;.; granting o f .. '“' . Buo.h power tô.::a0.t; ... mòre quickly and ispo h ajpre than was. the. usual caso;..in the ■ •■ I , '‘ ■ : !l oandote .system#'. .. , i* ■( ' j -. - ■ ;j ....;■;' , ,-i :.-.;. - ?» Petitions i: ■ :i ■ _,;,;.. .In the ijrtí̂ feís, 'haya;..h§^, discussed, ifiBBiÄö-aP- i*«dt£d$hig ;^àtèifl^. t ■•..'I,‘Se® auorät /Qìé&qs;. J». n»- 9* f t ¿ t§Adi Bài Cad 'Nations ñoo» üjfo» A/6Q5» tega et gp>~ 41¿4'Í¿ * . r Regardless o f their source» petitions have on important place in the true tèèèhip ■' ey stent just. :èè ;bad .Jhx' tbe\;a&ndatè ' ©y /; they are. one -,. ■:03ir. viiMS«:. .native. in*: habitant a-o f thè terEitèriés, o r : any.. ©the r . Interètìied pérèòhft ©r.oFgeniaècl . group,% . / I p .. ;■ Ko» ; ©ie&|^e 'i-efèrehce sfa© in either, the * iièéguióf .(^èpahk ;àr; tihfi;, yulèe ©f ;thé;̂ Gòffi* ,.... mission* !;. £vèn : the ..^nda^:/4gfè®t^!'its. theffiepi^f ̂ did .no.btkèhtièn the- pee* 3Ìh;ÌÌj:Ì it^ . ; Blnce;.jth© Oo^iseion:. ■ ..•̂ ŝ -. tp; hand doune. ..'. dèeislont Iti .se doing* the Qounpil seed a British -memorandum; ©e ■©. baèts *. ?]'.. v v y ^ - .. fòf;, ì t è rp|ing.. ep jdt|:fc|©*$^ . ,;, t ,'jv; ;Gftdp^..t^p.,.latito; £©;hitiòn% ,|^ptj^,<^ be..^r^SÉ^ètt^| îLirièiS!’. 1 ^ \ . w & . à ; entitled ,.!|ip;0%éh:/ ■ ■ ;' ' , . ,’j 2' co^epte before dispatching. % 1 b e t . =; ;. venient. .for thè..man^tòfy,,|):p«e.r»..ee.dt. cpuld.ffiafce ..Ì't0:;;pplici5r ;dr..pèditipn tendency on .ths.ps-^ to .fe.©r. that they ;w©©1:||;he p^diehpd _;• : . • ••:,'{'• • • 'i■ < àlnce thè.san4a'tèry might possibly 'f£%%. to ©end .thè.*pehitl|>!ò, op. to , the ,.... ": £&■$ M M :Mihutè8.‘.òf'.tha..èeèohd.. Session* M ^ à ^ S è r^ i ’fees a lso . P*M.t$. ' liihéÉèè M. :afe»; i'7^7?» Ih-addltion pe© .league ' a f [:$àjl endG f f "affil i ' part .2, pp* :Ìl?5Ì*ia45i See also league.. jpg '^tiohfcG fff^ ' 1925» ' part 1 » . pp» 200 & 2Ì.i*< ;j ‘. ■ -■• ■- *- , 2 tèè\:BU-àtéĉ '.ghàpari :;l, % 3:»- p* 29*- -.'■ I n , , 0 g L . j ^ B p & n C 0 . „ . t ; b , o v the nati^eii fro « .petitioning. the Cos^ieaion».. This occurred during the. '' "■ — ■ -■ ■■ ™ -v - - - . r .'■"■ ■’ ■'"■*; " ......" ' dis^rbanpee, ip , sî 019$. s I t s .. ojf jtend^ta ■ *e? ©#st jbbi,p,;l3rf>f:. .'''■. I ... - . . . ' \ '' , longel*tiaye^te foll.ew. ..the..channel. , auth(pi#£3 ;̂,-:^ ̂ directly. to . thQ;, Secretariat. .of the United. Setione».. RCweyer* the .league procedure o f ou.bmittling the, .petition T : " •■.■■.viw-T--;-̂ '- ■■-•'-■.•-■-■-■:■£ ■ - - -V - ■ '■ •; T"'" ' ' ' . ......... - ..... ;̂ <^,.ijp|̂ hoTr. _̂ -tyr<::e}e>: the ;.t|y.^|®ehip ;syete® i s aieip miieh Council, w ill..rev ive .petittone , ,- fro « a ^ ^ n d .;ayery;_ ,ebpj$a f n a i d i . t e r f i t o f ^ » . . . That ls , . Of jpoafpi.*.,; ; ^ . h ; © g r - . , ;̂ ixe the pper- ” ' ■ ■. - 1 i * * Council ,̂ :feur..;X'JAji/i%̂-;-*̂ 7̂ iŵa>̂ î?S.:i7̂ t̂r .•, s--. • .' •• •'•'v-:'v' v* .-.:•> '•■.•.;• i ; V ?»&• ¿ Y - Y •;"U,ioJ;tr:.i--.:̂ i.‘it-rirtisV.:̂ . ..■; x m ^ m m m L m M m , %p & i PP* lX f*X l$ i Bee also if-;-.®*,. ' ,V‘-Y " 1: ' 2 'See R u lers^ $,{&.. o f the, Rule? .¡of^Procectare o f tM^rusheephip OouRei^i 'Bee supra« Chap*. I i*v »♦ 1.» ',p* 9T$ ?9r * good exaaple o f peti^lpne; hedng.MMSdJd©£hMpauae,the^rd^d^nb-S to.the.Trusteeship |j$S£W or beepuae o f previous Council rulinga pertaining to them» eee Report o f the trusteeship' Council Covering: its Second and .third Sessions, 39 April iS fe 4 Meuet 1948, tin!ted .Bat Iona Poo» Bp,, a/605* 1946« pp*.32ge9»-.'.T. ":' ^itedauh ' & f . I f e t i o n o 1926» Part 2» PP» PtjL.C»^Mlahie& Of :theYsieventh Session«1927«. pp* 10*41 J She supra* Qhap*I hi S, p* ’ an oral hearing pf their joe- titlona were. iy¡rnéd âà&p,. fèrent 3 it^ t ig n In fruej^aahip.Q o u ^ ll.ha©^._. already ..ĵ eyTOî t$e|: v̂ f . :»hio!h;§^$vl^^ 1# Jlìhe. council ’ 0 ©eccnd. 8 ^ is| i^ s^ ,^g^ab f ,il5^^..:|^|r1if,3^, f$i’p£á| :,^ëajà^; j ..>' ' - y Z ' ^ ',''î -:' . ....... \'' ' ' '■'■■“■ ; 'ÿ ;' ' ; 'T 0 '' " ■" . have not b©cn pyevioufiy . ■. type ha© not been ,h ^ ^ j . . . ■ : . ’ .;. ^.■ ;:-*í n p ^ i ^ ^ à b t ^ j p f c ^ During ' thé ' Council1 q;:thif.d :̂ ^çirjyb©ér th© aashléa» the peti^’. .„ tiiO^re...#.®^#'^. ,.g|£gt%4 ,'. Op^niôil, .raiu..©!©d, J#-, ;àïÿô?r, did not . haya j ^ p e j g f c ç i - , the; -Çlph^oil .. ttèfp, ■; •t^^ l^ ;...^ -.,aliö^vi.|^^ght^-i»f:. . t h f i 3 9 p . - ..• the tme ß iluation*. ß&. t y i . thp.^otínéll.wap. ©•r^yaxttlhg. -ja.- dangaroxis ;?, . abuse héfp.re;. . i t . ppuid satp ria liae fo r th©í Batatóri .1®©% COin^tte^ had • ' *5 ,;¿% ŸV’-■ Hi;-. ■ 2 See supra» Chop*. I t , gp* ÿ j f lpè ; See In fra » Ofeap* I l i * n.l,p.259. 5 Sea Rul© 80 'o f th© Trusteeship öouncilie Bules o f Procedur.e«,. intended, to employ spraeone. hther then a . member. o t their group! SO- Os to petitions, -fĉ .;%©., ..a#-,- . By aa^e the*, ti4p,frpm respited in- the n?$jpf. a.prp— . fepplonai; petitioning ,fj a#:*. «otild result :in';o.. dshgefeua /.precod®^* piup®., .Would,, be heard, ora lr , ' 3 t 3 F ; - . j » . t e n d e d ■ £9$ heering .eoa-* , plaiixte. /,ft ip :tiue '• a3Leng system*, ;fhe. Oqma:|sh ...elon -tendOd'i S t r e e t , pet it lon^more;$ , 'star$5- .b;f, i.rre }̂Bat,i;0.n thein as. . "' :- ' [--'-[f.f'y": t " ■''; ' !..'’;''y; .""V •■“■ ■•'" '■; '■■j' f -i;'''; '7 ■ d$f j'r^fteoeyip ,!r.. nifioant gri^snj$ea . 0 $ ® . Xhup thej:Gpuno.ii hap . ■ aohieyednot jonliy.'-t»Wfc:' 'i - -1, j|t".Trusteeship,. Council Discusses Oral Hearings,0 .United Nations Bulletin» V ( J u ly l » 1948), p., 528; See, also Report o f theTrusteeship Council Covering it s Second and Third Session». 39 April 1947—5 August 1948» United iiations Doc * ̂Au^et ,.19^8*^ppfl 57—56* Tha Balnreri L a n d ~ Committee * a petition was to, be reviewed at the Trusteeship Council's Fourth Session at which time the Baiweri Land Committee would have a re;,'JW„/ „ 'V . 4,, ,; 1' ' ■ ' Rl riutaavofthe/M i92£a p * 3&U-'; ■- •. ;'. ' 5 See Rules 19 & 81 o f the Trusteeship Ooimc ¿1% idiles b f Procedure» ., -•rrtil ~ - - inT i— m r~t'~ a a u ttta a m H i saeemaaaamsisiK5=M bu t, aloova oonformity’ l®,. handling, cpi^laint;a:. :o.r ̂ grieyehC©e,^; . , /:W )^ . reviewed by . ^ . %'ij»re. pn h®n& to,. anewoy. qu©BtioEk9 concerping the p®.tit£ o£ the HJruBte&ehip Pcurieil:*© Rule® o f 'Rfcoe.edur®*. e a e 261 i • aji w ell ap ;tp;.bbe ad?»iniStOr ing authority». Often a great deal of t inie wa s lo at beeauee the. Council was not necessarily session when the .Commission'.s. ,obe£rvat.io^;.wc|i#:,fO;?^a^nd»;... The Tamateeohlp Coun~ oil», on the hand* not, pnly transmits its .recopjendotions . to the petitioners.and ,thf. a dminietering authorities but also transmits to; the» the ...o^ddial,,;^ééo'i‘ds , .’Of „the, .public,meetings,at.Whis^ the:.;petitions; • - ' • * , Ar ’ •. . { • . « « — * . ' 1 • ' ' 1 /*• Vj* » ; ■; . ' Tha- trust^!àhip ..Ŝ sjtr̂ a, eeduree.need the mandate. syat^B.*(,,, It .d e .r^h S *!, OhylOUe, t t a$ the rules which l t,;haa.,dratted, .regarding,fi.©titibne are .far more liberal,, than,the Commission;* ^ ..p rece^^d j h - s u b 3 e c t » ,ih i8 la eepeciir, a lly in evidence in 'yi;é,w, of, the the, largest',; section o f the Council’ s rules o f procedure re la te to petitions,. / ■' ;j- ,6l::. W s lta ... Perhaps aht,ofspa dco tta ln in ;iMi#d:|Ŝ t ln n da .W , . . condtiCting^ .invcàtisatiéna,. ir kv.the.:;tg^|t^iK :;ggeetiCh*y;,’̂ , . an; actual ..yi;sit .tCL.éa\.jirev%** tained o f ,confrent.,the. araa,»: _ • . i; the neceseity o f sendirig eospleaidne o f inquiry to. the f ie ld was. .I ;ha«ffa^:nf.,lations G£i ’¿0:1^...^ :2» oh*- 136llM'5&2t : • 2 See,. Rule pf the .!?*“usteeship Council's Pules of Procedure ,’ ■ ' st 'TWa ÌP'#ii<ÌS^éi^ln'''éò^ìii l l dievot© Ifi. o f ’ i t s -ruies ■of Procedure to petitioning’ p' tr: ocedur’•es»; Sei >■ supra* Chao* 11* Co* #^rlQ2*. .i»li|i., outset by. the :,^arotPp|p^.' sending. an,- ̂ vbetìgiatoiy body to lh ió% . m&tion .ont^ , S ì ^ e t ^ ^ not hays authority to fonduct, suph an.„l^yeeiiS^at^oii^.. thov̂ t . ^ r j.:̂ e ;jfb9.3h $]$$$$$*■. ;., Ic^èf'.wÌìji. tb©. except In the case -otf j/e&^tegic. arene# nee4 .te;. depend ©ntipéiy: on.thè; reperto ..f?®B»: ethepe .ponce ining. conditlpnp. tn the tèrritéry under tb® trusteeship system ,ae was. dene under thè man* " "f*"’: 'r ‘Vv a- '•" ̂ "•' ;:' ’ ■'""".■■“'■ " ■"' Vv " ■ .. date eyptp&i?: !■• ,.. ì .■-.. •'•' V . : ' ; - ; . ■ ... ■ The Tru.etspphip..̂ pnnc.tì., hpé̂ :àirae^:..^p «èé; p f . a :.;y.iaiting. iois8|pn« The.’;G.opi|6.il,;;év .yÌpiti^g.;0Ìseión;. , ̂ t r i io r y y o f ..Western Samoa :was the;:d|pec^,:bMtg^^h. o f a ;petitipn from ■ that- ̂ y r ito iy *. /.liPtò*-. _ wisp., \^der..thc. -&ah&' , . ■ | '• ? .■ 5 See supra* ‘C.hàp# It»' pp#: ’..!"’”''7 ...... '&" $ee supra..» '.Ì?bnpy IV- W ’-ÌV p*. 51* ' See. also league o f nations. O ffi* o ia l Journal«. 1926:» Part 1*. p> .27 .«■if.,..ire©caî |BTâ !̂ ^̂ |i.̂ r-iÊri.. the ;;fufc|eot^^ best in f^ ^ s t^ !̂ .;the. ind ig^hd«^ would. .’jot> have ., Bseeupa t.he ; C o ^ o ili e u|e; . the ' timet, ^ rid ^ ri& s .jih en : based o f . S , ? * ; . aeie6hi$|h ,.ie.;,.$^lalf., . '■ijbbiis:-_ _ t ruateeah i g e Council *s .rule 9 0 grooe- ' ’ 1 ■' i . ' . ■ ■ f ■diâ f ;Of.;,|^|4y.Qf|!:^ef ̂ ..^Ifttiifg. ̂ 0 ^ 0 1 0 , ,,, ,...]. ............. ....;_?&*!;•iBethhce,^:whhh .5 fanfii;‘'.e. vioitsing.fflis.aipn^wa^ in Hew.;Zfalan(| the :te^Ph,seftatiyed, he^ld. ,hsye,. accepted,written .petitions ^TOjo.._the .ifhah.t* taht.8.,ff th# ; * ^ vo f .d£MjP>, subject ( , to. the instructions _ : 0 i0& ivk¿of wap ;d|fo.. _ hes,r cral pet:itioa^,P;i, .era! jjre * . _ :'$&. Carrying; $yx%_ . Jh$.©C, re:0.ppf8iMlitie a the s;eitherb « fre ... an.^o.r.ia(tl.,.#$..ahhheh that were,fertifentfROh,.a prior.. ._.- consultation with the, local .representatives o f the etolnieterlag authors ; ' : ' [ : ' ' ■ v - - - - . .... ;. •.• •,■.••■■ - -.• i t y * ; © ifl . received: »••. the vipiting...»iae.ipn_did .hear..ofel,. |>re.eentatienei'...T̂ o: of-.tibedeoR^sentatlofe. were:. ffthpjr,,||aj^tj3$t^ the Ewropeaf . Ci-t iCChC.. (Ipipibr te f while, the Ifaetee;*;. vrj&lpjh. 0 . h#P*. . bef e ,p.f. thp,-^egiyi.ati;ye. ^ e ^ t i j a o A . . 1 See Rules 84 & 95 o f the Truetoeeihip Council's Rules o f Procedure;u See Trustee ship_ Council O ffic ia l Records aecond. geaoion Special Supple­ ment ,$ollMl..ffennfrthts:%he ^the'ltelthd; Nations Mission to .Halt^^H&tienn ^e«riQ 4 i^ a* 4» . i .' • ̂ ̂ ;. •' ■ 2 Spo ®h,l<9; Q9 of 'the ■/frhfied̂ hip Council is Rules, of Procedufs.i, ., ....... . i ■' ; y; . . Rep.re30ntehl.yea of Western .Ç^pa' ̂ . ï^ef® achiyihi^ an impor­ tant factor ;.in î̂ÎSV ■ e|ià ;•$$?ii^^i^vixp^S. a dire et. relationship, to ; the a , thorough ' and, ;; very sdy^ôë$. v -. • ̂ .,.. ’ .•'... ... Nithj: the; «aà jsf . âa .abte t̂ip conduct wore i è » ^ for the Council to; set. wore . ' , gp:ïçiiîy than/the Permanent îs.andate.a, onth®: more : serious end important ît ( Ci».-..; . .a£di£Sona ̂ eaiegea^d- .f :̂iat:ha.ttah.ih the. ;trttst/.^iftitariea*:.-, .;, ■ J f OoEroi.diit®;^^'â. haÿeih^dleid t he,:8y rI#®,.;an.d, ^O^deiswart., d i f f ic u lt . ties .in, .thi , . : S ^ , . d have xaidopbiedly saved • '.. ' -;V' . _ ’ ' f ■ time and o f fc ft oh.’, the .pant o f the Opmmieaion in its. attempts toaohieva 1 îhe European Citizens' Committee recommended constitutional changes in the leg islative Council and that a transition period o f tgn years be established ip order to train the people o f Samoa for .self-government*' Equal representation was also mentioned and in addition proposals pertain­ ing to finance}. education« . emd agriculture ware_ included* ¡-She. more import­ ant points considered by the Pautua were recommendations concerning repro- sentation in Parliament or the,legislature and the authority o f the repre­ sentative of the New Zealand government* Health» education» public works, finance» and agriculture were mentioned as well, as proposals concerning the return of^ Certain land a to the Samoans'* Trusteeship Counoil Q fflo ia l Records Second .Session.'. Special Supplement "No* 1 Report t o t he Trustee shin Council1 W the1 United Nations Mission to Western, Samoa» • United Nations Doc., 1948, gp* 11S?-122* , 2 See euora» Chap* J.» n̂ .- C & §#, 'p*. 28j Sec- also supra!. Chap* 1.» »* h p t - m r - - ■ - %p; . , thai^ confronted the 'mandat© system, ... ?n.. addition, to $& the.trust .;̂ iprw:.$!3..Qa$h..t'^ é©ur:çë, h©:y©,-tp 1 ~ Î; b© ;;ép$vrey©d. by the ....adôibè!^ ....HffSyory, ¡b©;©; ftcçt.$ $ $ 0 , . a id . :éhowèd _t̂ ̂ of? , ©aet dffioa. ,©pL. t h e , thp. Gàunpil ;p re|%inàJ‘ÿ'. ' . g<^yœD®£b ©ré,ppsim$%éfy by_the. é ^ i^ a te r i i^ . :aatho:hitlQS, ;aé';well; e0..tha • i’iSip :; ;i^O:re.a;a^ ;̂ thén , provisions f o i ■ te&tiarp to the TrusteeôMp o f obtaining V" :"'■' ;??■”'-gy"": " ' ’ '" ’ "..... ' " ■';' •'.. : ';/ ■ .". . ......... 6» Additional Means af::0btaialna.,ihl^.rp^t.l;og;.'. ■/ . tien fo t the . ©batiail * _ thé Secretariat © f thé -Wpi%$$. ' ’• 1*2 ■alüAiMiAèiÎ 1 Se© Rules 9h & 97 o f the Trusteeship Council*© Rules o f ' 3Pi©£##i^»r 2 Seè__ ^ "Report o f tte,,.Visiting. f&*p\on. to the Trust' Terraitiÿ 4^ ' Ruakda-ïJ rundi under Belgian Administration,0 Internationa I Gone illa t ion » QQQGWFm (February-,, * # $ U » • * l é?____^»"Eeport of ' th4 ; ;' Visiting,Mission to th©/trust .territory ' o f iknganjrika under British, fdpk* iatratlon »1 international Conciliation« SCOQXLVÏXX (February Î9Â9.) , ppf ÎÇOnlS^î ,See also ' » "Council Debates East Africa Mission Reports,;” Pnited .Hâtions,Bulletin ,. Vi (April V>9 19^9)*. pp* 300*365-: ■■ g I r i f i a i ü d b l e taaîi jwpt •as' the BûQifè^ari^:t Of this league had •for thé È - a.t " The Secrétariat ''-'y' * ■. '■ ; The |$etpfs||;af ■? . .it#;; ,thë;.fo3^1a!t'i.ort. : . system. yhlâj£\$^%dpp the the co , ' t$: the ; $oafid$|.*: ;., Thip ;ié.. .'SFé:;*̂:' ; t-heï^u^cll.yoog.r« ç f :o|$y ¡,t^ély& ’æî̂ çbjbï̂ ?̂ . mad. :Of capitêp;̂ iiïefft :$^iOépd stiïjS, .̂ |A©|^t^,:. /thi$:viï^^LTi^.;,̂ 03|«̂ ^̂ l5jt;jS-;.,̂ >|P;.; - îT̂!. . 6 < 5 g ù ^ p d i 3 i ■•■• ■. JôÆ̂Çi'â.; .̂ 1̂ : Optatôil .. sjay find neopesafy tp esta^Yiph^’y... ̂ hp> SpvuTei|^e. tàpfc woul.djbp,:?a:ade much. *BjOr£; .¿iff|pp,lf. did.. pot aspietthe Oouaeil.in Its..work* and, a.a ^ the Sepretp^pt:t:tbe: ; truèt^Shfg, w ,1̂ ;̂. 'Ç* documenta**- , * ■ l tien end the Supplying- o f ■ impdritmt' î^é.ifcietîQB to: the :\Gounoil*o : .../., 1 See Rulse. 25 through, 27, ç f the Trusteeship Oouneil'e Rules o f Pro*' oeduros- ¿eo. auprà/ Ô-hep# H», bp« l i ^ i l ? * 1 îe.jH^ftt’ estent tbg. Secretaries: •.*. of the United dations w ill attempt te follow in tho steps o f the Secretar­ ia t o f ,th® League when in relation to collecting o f secondary information for tho Trusteeship Council remains to be seen* The Mandate Section o f the Secretariat collected data for the CoamisGion's uap from a variety o f sourceo* Among the» were legislative debates» public lectures & articles« and conaentè in prorainent .journals and -newapaderft»' See suoraaOhap»:!« n. 2» p * 50* , .. . , T .. For instance, under both the mandate,, system end the trusteeship sys* ‘ ten, there has beep, specialization apddistribn^^ work carried opt by the. plieteeship Council and the CcnmiBsion respectiyelyi This «rpe* in fapt, more necessary in the mandate system since the Commission was not as 1." ' '"■r ” v ' • ' .............. " ' i ............. .adequately Staffed, with Seoretnriat personnel a®,.is now the ease.« ..As: a . repult, .¡each member o f the. Commission:, In addition, to. making himself famil­ iar with t l^ . ex ten t a., o f .A^I'-.^he-rei^rts# .speSiaiiaed in one particular 2 fie ld o f mandatory admini stration* Specialization was very valuable end ̂ fo^^ssiop ',’s use, in .ss^rel..!;inetan., ,,During thé Trus­ teeship Council ' a seepnd- .session the following spécial assignments were made: Po litica l advancement, China, France, and Hew Zealand; Social ad­ vancement, Australia, .J.raq, and Mexico;. ' Economic advancement, Belgium, . 5 P. M.Ç. , Minutes o f th e T h i rd Ses sion « Annexes 5 C & t P P À . 297*505* Bugge^Wlcksell prepared a speeiai study based on education in the mandates,while Count de Ballobàr prepared a selected .topic pertaining to public health problems in the mandates* Incidentiy these topioe wore in their assigned specialised fie ld as well as being fieldswhich they were personally qualified in previous to their appointment to the Commission. / • . ■(' ■ 'j Council aeabere to make uee -of the'yoluiBinous documentary evidence compiled ' 7 " : ' - ....". " ......... . by the Secretariat*...To what extent the Councilintendai ..te fo llow in the footsteps of-.the o f its. ajembers remains tc> be 00.0»» bow'eyer the. stops: taken by the Qounpil* thus far , w i l l enable it to speed up its reviewing processes booausp the npoeBsa^. neoeareh In . many instances will. have been previously done by those members qualified . ,i • ' ■ • ' • I t is,tru,e ,1Aat ^ t h e . w a s . aldsdSythe; League,,Secretariat# **tlee the duties o f the . 2 . Secretariat in this respect.«;, There, w§s a %ndates; Section o f the Secret tariat just Trusteeship and Information from iJon-Self-Goyer.ning, Territories: la, the United, Hat.ipns. Secretariat * but S e e r p l ^ i a t . q u e s t i o n s * . whereas the Charter o f the. Ifnitad^.^at'iplts, m&e§'Specific, fafetenc.eTof_. the atsff'.^Hibh..'is..to be: assigned . , elude a^dffin^tb. .program fro^ the outset* there;, was St. f i r s t no. index o f .. either, the. ;wandst:Q.rie.0r those, ,of their rep resent aerning, tleL .^^iSsion^d obeeryationS;»' . As a re.su.lt» the work: o f the- *2 . 1 Report o f the Trusteeahis Council covering its Second'Session and Third ;'Se:sSloh:'.29 Nations Boev So« A/605« '48* p«/ 2*i 2 See .$u||, X. o f thS;, Rules, o f 1 Procedure o f the P . l fC .#.. Appendix. A* '• 5 See supra, Chap*:’!»An«.’ 1» P*: 27;&.h;«;. 2 *’ p* •50̂ SSe-aiso Article: 6 o f the Covenant# Appendix A; See also Articles 98 & 101* Appendix C* 269 Comission wee.. greatly ^aa^aajpêd, during , thl a period* likewise the ' i .:$he Council and; the ^aaeabiy ©ornait^©© fe t in g © whish wear© r..e. la, t= e. d,. ,.t.o^ ,gm.a^nzd a.t..é. s’';' ÿw-é- f;e.- ■n•/d t ' re■c ar dad for "t he; •C"o mmioaion/* s use u/n t.i"l it s f ifth see ©ion in- ' . Aftnual. Report o f the Sécfetafy»Cenefal; ■ ...... Also.* .1̂ . ^sls^lpri: . t ô j .Sô©.|?!|9-̂ â:̂ 5ri. r̂ -,.. . teàguè . Assembly» iàj ^hich there was a section on. mandates.»... there was a leek o f . r' e"f e■■r■e•■e■■,•,y ̂.:r iifch© Covenant» ;-.<■* r --y ■■■■■■ > -,C..o:m..m...i. 3..S..i.o..n...'s.. ..r..u.. l.e..e.. ..o.■ f p.ro;̂^. ■eedttrejdid,’nbt ,:; i ^ fi.fjH .thërô wàè 'a ..;ftér. ; :.̂ g f ’of ::.referénO1©:wo^ld. he- for thé. Sôo>e.taïy4Q;enerài 5 s .%^:fi:í.;;.;i.,j5r|ginally, t*jRâfep;ô-çÿ-i- the '0^0611/;..^^ la i© ? .̂ S::;deö:ig ^ te d aô. the,..fSepOrt .pf the. ̂ e ^ t ^ j ^ e h é r á l . on. the % rk . pf, the pouncil'1 and soon, thereafter^. the Sedretary^Seneral ■ Changed, the »arae;,af.;ti^.;:̂ ;gS rt;.te .i^ the; Work.of the. Isstgae*. The la tter t i t i M - a p p r o p r i a t e . . . s i n e e ^ . t h s league ;. Council did .,. l■ iké''av i: se' ̂ t he. chan: ge, was .de•—sira■b■l* e; .beca«.©.©.; 'i■n W the - .Tfirs"t glVace th e l:avs;g'ur© •■ Council was. i^t;,fe^if©d tó; report to -the Assembly. As a .result Of. the ■’. 1 kinutéa o f 'the, f í f ih ;áéasi©ni 1924. ©♦■ Í2fii j /. 2 See; Rules :.;0f. procedure' o f the ;P...M.0,-«;| : Ap:pe.nd-ÌK A; Sèè also Artici© 6 o f . the;.COyenant;f .âpgeudi&J^^ . I JohnSpenoer Bassett» The League o f Nations (Seif ïbrk« longs ano» Creen and. Co»:» Î92Ô) j p»; ;9%. ', . the, ^ r ì y ^ a r a o f the Leag^©>...th^;Sfc-* _ ì tipn on mandates ..¿Li;d : npt, gi?.P,. pdppppte .povere.; to thè mepida£f system* Inviate? years the. S.e^etttry^^ei-.ai^é npnnsl; report, included a very coi*- .. . pré^noly© Jepprtvniv J h | Opsmlaai^n .as, ^ell.ja?,.a,,gen©ral. .review In fact these-reports pompare favor­ ably #3.% . those-, praseijitad, tpvfbp,. Gennai. A .s ^ ly . ,.by, the fppreta?y^sns?al.; :■ ‘ ; ' ' ' »• ' . - e f the United Nations,i: . eseeptión.,©?; the report.; fo r the yepr report tp,. the Senprai ^saòmbly wafl puph aspre. chapr&? . heneiye .ihpn^titoSO .tO;,.thé ̂ ,fprv the ’first. féw.years o f the League’ s existence» thus, enabling the United: Nations, to obtain from the cutset an pverail review of trusteeship happen^ings*, W '* ■r:::, m 'v :■ ;.v. . JhéJ ■reetlon pf P o licy , •v-’\ v <■ ■■ • • breaches, o f 1‘VlPS. rather than .ppeitlyp direction o f policy*. In dpd:.ng so,. 12 1 For an,appropriate example o f the Secretary-General’s report when . .: beò. on the Work o f the v League since the Fourteenth Seòaléh o f ..the,,Assembly? Assembly ,Doo* ì{Ìò*- '6« 19J4» Part 1 » pp* 4^*50 & Part 2» op* 59^5: See a lso -League of Nations Report on the Work Pf the League slnoe the Fifteenth SeseiPh o f thè Assam* 2 See Report o f thè Seeretary*Gensral on the Work o f the Organization» United Nations Doc.. No*i Ay 65* 19^V'pp*5Ì~33j See also Annual/Report o f " the Secretary-General on the. Work o f the Organisation« United Nations Dos. ■ &>*; & i s a l ^ ' t e $eoretarv^.Genr _ e ra !. on th,e, Wprk of the ̂ OrganlzatlOhL'Ij^ GenPral^ ' : Assembly Official, .Recordpfe Third.Seaalon,. Supplegient Nó* l v United Nations doc*.. No#: 1 ma* pp. .. ' ! th e Q0á0Í0$ient;h#d*:,..e4 a .^ . le f ..pjro.ved’ i t s a lf e f f ép tive f $ the negative ■ - . . ; ‘ j?i' i task o f c booking abusfs*,, but i t had generally biiaeh ;tpe. e|j|<5©f;>. too fa r rer moved t;hé, problemepf colonial’.a^ .ín letrption, to: advocate pCaitiyéívf f l e e ^ ^ ^proyejEenti . Ihic .ga.v.e, the mandatory power & greater . ppperfnaity pasé. te; t!iC; ^P^á*' _ Í3ne: , p i .. the] gafn reasons for the o f league. . pf£ ¡f^ i^g --appointed the. League tov .receive- .and-.exatjine ̂ :■•.. ports of ithe .mandatoriea#, tp make decisiona on petitions* and to advise v ■*:"¥[.' ‘ " • ' ........-v : ‘-t ' '-P \ .: i..-; the /<5:ouncijL. ,J¿ -fhe* Qom,l&é%on* nni.iíce .the,j^si^ebíl*,®dSinoÍI|i,..^ée:, thus not placed: in;.;.a; yáry gopd ^ s i t i e n to/.fljake.fííe proper:.fe0ona5endatiena o f criticism- /; to the adrnini.eterihg.autltá.ri^ eipreea, direct, c r i t ic ism and oftentimea when .it dldth© League Council . . )PihS'. ihfe?~ mation from the mandatories and by doing oo hoped that the administering aa|fco:rit^ ’»p a id . . jRd? indi rept.cpitipipm. ,.Ín..,áÍdttion?i:.thá. GOpsIeaipn wmlá.péfsj^m^aíi. cería le .measurpe that i t hoped 1 See supra* Chap* III«.- pp* 208*211* ,' 2 da® supra, Ohap»vI , a* l ^ p * 21 2* The Trusteeship Council*. besides making recommendations to] the Trust powers* may also submit recommends-* tiono to the General Assembly concerning thp functions o f the United Ra*-. tlona pertaining] tp truftpeehij?^agreements*. The General Assembly,hfi^.fhy date, approved the Council’ s reports, and has not altered the Council's recommendations to the administering authorities, Prom th is, i t appears that the General Assembly w ill allow the Trusteeship Council a freer hand in and drawing up conclusions than was the case In the mandate system*:- See supra-» -Chap*;. I I . n * 1-, ,p>; iC9:y tjh© áuthg*ity |hs^|^|eí: :|n the mándate or mándete©; t i í ^ r and;. %n. alnio.st %h%. ©am© hifeath wptííd eongratu» . .. late; in the. térrih9>5y>; J,?h*. O^n^ési^n . ■ had tg ,f ©á®irÍ; to éu;eh |óeana_ s^ &s_ ,t|,.pactíy.Jthe. L©.agu©: Cp^o.ll ;and .algo.. lio . s.oa:d .thei:adainiater:ingi.ag^:horit,ia .with its reconp^ítetl.ono . ;|gr̂ .̂ »1% >;á.!̂ v só ^ ^ . tó© : »©©0U-3POS .tekén. hjr t}ia actoin!stering ewtheFlh^^ th© pos*- a j b h a ^ s&oilar toeasospeB %n fch§V'Sfl§¡h|!̂ ^̂ .. ...■!., ., . tipns, t¡o the it.ruet pp^ém*.; buh. i t ¡does npt, hay.©.. .tó, r©apr^,;t9, : a l l , th©: ó©©»: . ĵ r̂ .̂e%..;wie.rî . ̂ s&plL̂ n̂©.̂ :. by.:th©V$p£®|6fÍgfr ge- gW q: ..sa^s^goipxy, |n; th®., .0.h«4jail'éSé In i t s . reooo^hdatlon© . ©uthoritié.g :ph|l:0y ijg.;hb© t?pé.t.^^^ ; . .Cpuijcil...H^os.thué far.hg<|, ll.ttl©.,.©.? np. .9¡r.iticigm>;. ..The. di©*- ti$9$i£P hgtgeen. a n a : , . , c * i $ | p ■ ai^.giriKíi . the: .T;^a,to08híp, théíe has not bgep, th© neéd>,. & s . £.$&£■ .. fregó yt ,.t<¡>, di raot-^prltlc'i©m.of the . : e t 4 f t « in th^? tn je f . ^ í^ ri,; and , i f th© peed, a^is©©, thé..]íro¡&tee8hJ.p Qppncil .will./hó: .in;_á amoh mo?é. fgyofrr:' ahí©. ;Ph.8̂ :t.tpn. ¡id:.;úáá diregt criticisn» thgn tha Q$tw%6$tón,., Thls is r̂?a% ̂ ;etJâ j©i-; %̂ té' 'dipgpíl hú^S'r ĵilhh. ai© .'figdft :I I Se© áopra» Cháp* %f: :a*. •£.* p:|. " " I , ' " ' . ' v "*• ■' " i • of the Qo^ijselóini*.. fherefópe* the prestige and author* . lty.p.f the■ Sopne.ii, ehoiiid ceTl^inly- be greater than that -enjoyed by th@ .... Comission» and it s recoasBóndétions .«honíd. carry Q.orrespondiftgly ©ore vfé.igb% ' i , ,; ■;.;ÿ . . 1 8» toiabiena with other -Organs. .. .. Thei, fel.àtione. b.ftwpip.. ih© ̂ f , ; & n d th e .p.ther organa :df,,#a:pt¡daular l|oppfban^ . , lo d a te© Goapisa.ioii„and.. the Other beague . Ctypr, and. ship Iri., the. éoópdinatióp. ö f .the. adtitflMjea .odpc.erniBg. trusteeships .frote thèse adopted by the ©ah* data/fydtdrftf;. ;lj%©. &ommié.pÎpn-.ytx& idtepond^t piot pply te jt.p league .organo ... , but alep ä̂iiödiclie: î̂ai.^h , on aotiv* itio.8;. .pos^inipig .. to, ©andate s « . .;̂ Î3S3̂ Î ^ ^ d . :,| î^p iypijfrp., well., as .io associated àÇfnôieo* '¡Mt. .■ '. ándate ó», it. had. tp. ,:J!̂ |̂ ...''!(?'Ç-̂ . of,,the- i whareee. IPd-.fn^P^ndhiP. Oodnpìl-.ia.^ io. a mtf h•.. ico re ,fay^opd#;,.|!pddf|P|ï«ï thus the Qopnçl l ’ è relations .With other organs *2 .,; ■ 1 See sap¿a«. Oftap« H I » ■$&*:Mfe»2ÏI;fe.. ■... . ,...,. 2 Por an analysis o f the Trusteeship Council1e relations with the other organs o f the United Nation©». see ̂ suora, Gfeeftfe. I l l , pp»: ?#rei plabSd 6ii; t h a n . t h e s e ; t h e ■ Sion# ;..;,. . - - 1, . : ,r ■ ... ..r.. ; The j^ a ^ e re activ ities concerning. the mandate. system* in addition:. _: to; the. mein, «oylc* waye, handled by the Council,. the ^0feBbly>.. the. Sec retar ia tand the Permanent Court of . the diveraifioatiGn.of,. the ac tiv itie s re latr ihg to the ^ T h is i s .tn ; p%rt,' trs© bhoatJ.se,; o f the; use • o f ,$, la;fgjSr;«»ib.Oii; that ■ . can,'be, utiLlsed. .'to.' henhfft.,,tha/sork, o f; the- l^eteeChip G o^o ll*, Besides the o f . if: an. add|tiona'L; erghn.of,, the 0h.ti^4.,Kat,lone which.; ca rries ... on highly1 important activ ities1. tilth the Trusteeship Gotinoil*: This organ . ;\ - X ' ^ ' y ....’:;£ -........ ......, . v. . ^ . . . ... .. . i a t h e E c e ^ ^GoftinCii, o fwbicb ,fhare: waS.he.,0^^ . counterpart under the League o f Rations. A majority o f it$ activ ities . which pertained. tp yaiup...to .'the. ̂ tl^tbPsfhip a y s i^ -oould, hay# been sittilarily used, under the,, mandate ay Stem*,., , . ... , . ...... V/ith the ̂ eKceptipn. o fthe^Go^iseion - ;s, relationship ^ t h ,. the Inters m tibhaijl^bp l ;^ani?lstiej|i:, the Commission. did not provide., in its; rules . of.procedure .fyr th®;. doppp^tion. which .-i® spvdftP^dd:t s # f t i f .|h the ■ ' 1 See, supra« Chap,» r2.«.px>«, 22»25»-. y . 2 See supra i’ •'Qhap#vii>- pp* 1.11̂ 115.# 1 . hand proyicied lit i t a jmles àt procedure for i^.^de; yjariety, o f .ppt^.f|rio3 pef^aiiilag _ i^ n o t r:pnljr .the.. profila pud the .8pÓ!?;|JìÌi20.d :ppèlap|p^ but : regional. bodies 'SUph. aa. t b f . Squth Seap. ̂ p#p$pjpip|t*, .The . 0«^iee£$n,.M^ne^. - àut^riKpil te. p.a.rtfcìp&tp;. in, ppph,regione1. bodiee* ., pr;oyidp,8:.:0n;, additional :means of. Obtaining ;Ì$fpr»àMpfe. fro® a hitherto ■ 1 1 See Rule 2 o f the Hulep^of Procedure o f the P.M.C», Appendix Aj See also supra', Chap* I# a* 2, p*> 22,« The question thus arises as to just what io a specialized agency« A specialized agency, is an intergovern­ mental agency having wide international responsibilities. Under the United Hattons such organizations,as tfte United nations Food and Agricul­ ture Organization* the Educational » Scientific# and Cultural Organization* and th International Labor Organization fa l l within this category*, In comparison the League also carried on activ ities with organizations o f a specialized nature. Among these'were the World Health Organization and tVie International Labor Organisation. Thè Commission did participate in the, activ ities of the Committee on Hativa Labor» which was set up in 1927 by the International Labor Office# as,'well aè participating in the work of the Temporary Commission on ala?» very* However* In these two instances the Commission’ s participation was upon the Suggestion o f the General, Assembly# and in rea lity these two com* missions were not in themselves to be c lassified as specialized agencies Of the League«, See P.H.Q.* Minutes o f the Eleventh Session. 1927# p. 11* An excellent example dealing with the Commission’ s activ ities in re­ lation to organizations lying outride the League i t s e l f was the aid the iiorld Health Organization, gave the Commission in drawing up those seotions o f its mandate questionnaires pertaining to public health. See P.M.Q., Minutes o f the. Second Session* 1922» p* 64} See also P’.M.O.# Minutea o f thev.Thlrd,.:Seggioniii ■ 1925» pp*':9®l% ¿|ee also Article 57 #;. Appendix Cy ■S5SiiG££3iSZ3386 ,.. |bi; almifhf i ^ vt o ^ e ^ : .o .̂ ..■ vafioua; i ^ f f io ia l ,in|^i^tiona^ :̂ :0.!a ;ao;_ t̂ .e,; maetirga. o f tb® ’ lnt^^.t.idJ^X Colonial vlastitntor at the. Haggle. and thfc.. International Missionary' Congress "' ■■"■':- " / ' " f v ::y: ""'I......* ................................ ........ .. - ............... ...... ■'■;■■; . ynre.y heweyef;,.. only..personal., .relations. and • • wefe not .SO; «pSld not. ppSfibly fa rry the. proper, a . . . T ^ u a . the, .f^staeahip, . pan, avail; i^ ee if ■ . o f . $he;.f p£|St!|ib0^$f_. not,, paly. t ®ere.,.bgd|,efl; .and ,.o|g,an.iaa^$.Qne than; opuid . the ,hah,#a*i:; a|sp daffy, on jits, f e | ^ | ^ ^ j;wiih.,§heif. in a, 00 re. v . authoritatiye maonef.SAnee i t . i e .one..,;of:...the.;pfineip.ai; .ofgen8joi .the United . &*;: The ■Ration o f Sovereignty and Internstif>rml. La« ; . .Sovereignty oyer mandates was not c le a r ly , dpcided by the League just an ..it has net , been deei.ded by .the tJnited. Patione in. the case o f trustee- ■■■-. * *V' ; '■;■■■..y':; v ..... -■•" ‘ ;. shlpjhr . gothafe* .howeyef.»,. akin .In, tM A r hiptoriSal o rig in as, w ell as .in. thj^r; legal.. structure,; ¡but _ aeithef. the Goysnant e'xprsesly *5 ■'■'■% See Rule 'lOp ojt yue Buies Of fifoi^dur^ $ea • a lee supra. Chap.*. i l l ,„n* . $ ^ £ * .192.,,;,•,,, ^ ;,: 2' B»S4«Cv«' 'Minutes.. off ..thaBle^^ : 1927» so« ¿fe?»: 5 For a diecuosion "of ih’e location o f sovereignty in the mandates see 1* Appanheim, International law Vol* 1 (4th ed* » Londons Longmans» Green and Co*» 1$>2S) t pp* 21>«215; See a lso »right, oo.o it*. pp* 519* 544? For a d isp u ss l^ o f ' the.^logai, pfoMefse arising, fro® the. trusteeship ays- tff&y,.see FrsncisilPB. $ayr’e, ”,Legal' Problems Arising i’ro® the' United nations ^rtteteeshio System,H Atfrerjcan .Journal o f .International Law. XLIX (April, 1946), pp* 265?296>- " . ’ ; ' "; ’ " 277 - ■ • : • - - . . . - ■ • .-I; , ■ ' ■* , ■- ' i . eeyereignty: in t̂ Q;ma?idQ!tes..,arxa -its, P*e*ent pounterp.srb undfcr the.,truer-. teephip 9y.6t.e19*', -,,v . . -. . V: . • ' i . . ..to- assign. s Jesus..pi, the. " - . *& ;m - .. 119 o r-fi® ; - m & p & i m . . ana.Aee^iatea *1* th-1 ri g3^r. .av^seas. oijjpir?;. .and :s.i;nM. alJ the. thsy.had^ a legal '. Pa . • ; . - ■ . . ■ ■ ■ / ' ■ r: . :&M. lw. geTierQ;i;: the ■ “ ' v . . " " « ........................... • ' 1 A proper definition o f Sovereignty ia rather d ifficu lt because o f the many inconsistencies in it s application*. This lo especially true when attempting to throw., light on sovereignty as. it, relates to mandates. The technical usage o f sovereignty involves the principal o f a sovereign state haying and exercising an undivided authority over a l l persons and property within its borders and being independent o f direct^ control by any other power. This definition, however, should serve to c la r ify most o f the questions pertaining to, sovereignty in'general* See Charles G» Fenwick, International Law (a id ed*, New Torki D*/ Appleton Qentury Oompany, 1954)» PP» 47, 88-89f See also Oppenheim, o p .o it ., pp> 158-142, 248*255* • • s ’ - ■ • “' ' • . , ‘ 1 „ . . '•’ s$ '.■;*•■•• ‘. . , . . • j / •• •• '; , 2'. See; -iup^a^- % ■ supra*, g.hao*; 111,. 142». p .^or 'id: league *’e r i ^ t ̂ of ̂ control Over the »anda* to rise* ' adalniatratlon see supra, Chao*- 1, n>- 1, p* 56c- : ■ \ - 3 t % . . is .^ j^halì, ■Çiije;-v. jfel̂ -ifetf..;■ Jiyt#- :Ì& the hands o f the rae^atoriöe» fo f y& it1- had»:.. thsi.r :&(feiitì&^rati0n. over the mandates would not have been T ^ - t ^ 'i , '.. T :V" ■:’ ; ¡’ ' 1 . ’.'•"‘' T " ' V ” y:V.“:V.=y:■ . hé^gue* ... ’! ■’"... ■.; ; .^iher© ;«e,f -: the mandates does not rest with the administering authorities* A very good example ..ia the case o f the . ^arti^j»:, ëftfsh ,,i»~ found,. 1 « ,thft t^steoeh ip . , pacifie : .Xslaftds,. 1 See supra, Phan« H I » n. 5, p* l42i 2 Per a discussion o f the issue over "states directly concerned'' see supra.» Chap* U » a. 2 & 5» P* 59 and n+ 1» pj, 6̂ 5# u .■ *.. ,< •■ ! ,. ' , 1 2*5.r - . . ' - < i ~£ *'' ■**' ■ ►-- -: x~ -' ; . /'>! r : ' ¿ ’ - j -." " r , 1 iv -1' *':'*.»•.• *.'■'■« > ;g*.’‘ •;..’ ■ '-■' i~ -v “ , '* • *'•* . 1 ■ >'.. .■*%- ‘ ;!. - - '■ -.7 - -- -’■ ;• ’ '- _■ 5 The approval o f the pandate agreements were greatly delayed be** cause o f questions closely relating to sovereignty* In ih ie case i t was l'ilkl|iS5e a refusal to surrender h sufficient 'degree o f national Rovers *&$$«! See .supra» SJĥ gjf XU,» ft* p„* ,|$£ and n* X?i p*, .1̂ 8*. likewise», the t62$és: 4 ^ . direct f,rqra;;th§(. teagu© tqtho, ' Utó|tf.d 3HBCtipn.̂ ;̂_ - . thei*®., was, nò. pfcs$ij&ìje,j^ ; o ^ g i r ; . . • ' • ’ • * ‘ j hold® t e .^ p ^ e s th ® :, .’ ^ Ì‘1̂ --.‘'' '̂^. ■$&*, that ,t^|iB;ij^#^:,î | l:. tè .tô - - depending m th^ ^ ft| e t ììa r . 0 0 ^ 0 : stteeep;, .-àrtt!'#râ it̂ ^ .;̂ è̂tr;:ah ¡ar®;,.$&,$$& #M .-ifrytetb,- 'fl f "■ ' 'rfi; * i,i* . '! ; , ' '• - mere thap. ajB- stóB^r9,:te,3.. in this Wày: v flll tend tò. gir.® the...wards- more .....^■■'■■■h\y -̂’ \ y t - ^ r - " : - •"■ ;■■■ ■' ' / " ' ■ ' ', So» 2734* ófr*olt:«;*, P» $ i fhó^re,. was eleo ample evidence ir* the »andate .system that title, to the mandates did not'rest with the administering authorities*' One o f thè »ore appro* priate examples was the usage o f the tei® sovereignty te the delineation of the frontier between Southwest Africa and the Portuguese colony o f Angola* The Commission fe lt that the Union o f South A frica used the term sovereignty, in such a vtoy as to denote actual sovereignty over the area . and asked the league Council t®> request that the Union c la rify the term* inology uŝ ed* in it s statement South Africa declared that the word sov­ ereignty ‘So used did'not actually mean the possession o f sovereignty over the territory* See supra» Ohae.»-1« ru 3* a.» 36»......... . 2 2 A special point o f interest concerning the t it le o f territory under trusteeship was the discussion tha.t, took place during the work, o f the Preparatory Commission of the United Ustione*-^ The representative o f China, besides supporting a,United States amendment» which stressed the responsibilities of the administering powers' tovthe peoples,of the trust territo ries , also pointed cut the f£Qt that the essence of both the man­ date System and trusteeship system was that the t it le o f the territories under both systems belonged to its- people* Yearbook of,the United Nations 190&*47y (bake Success, Sew York* Gepart&ent o f Public Information, 19^7) P* 79> ". ;• . ; ' •;.piegely./alliecl - s o v e r e i g n t y ; . ; ,i$W'. as i.fe: .rglateje.to the mandate. system and ; ay;atfa$;. -.. , fora ■p£:;$n$giP|^i:e^4^|^^ ;. recogoised : ;fcyy Stating that. th6y, Hadj;Peaeh©d: ;a,. e ta g g o f 'devel opaeirb at yhich "" ?'•; ■'"■■ T ' "": v v : : "■'/... ""!" -;■?■■"'-;' r ; - ........ •;•; ■....;■- M'" ■ " ' i " " " : { be p r ^ l a i o ^ l y rijcd^iyad^' ..-. And;, i t . ■ . . feititiii: i ^ ’̂ n fe t g eysteia . v and how in the trust§i$eh|p system haa been =i|̂ ; .ietŝrd. ’ ;"; 7' % ' ' ■{ ' '. : ' -l ■' used .t^t.defing;.,-;^, _ . ;the;_. .rheo îtihn o f an, do*., ternational personality for the flBn «aid flC l 2\ mandates to another question* Charles Gv fenwick, well known authority on international, ,law_, doubts i f wh^jg.jhij,/^^#athér çgrtâin that-'thg^^i""* a had: ■ no. j^tgrnat i.Onai ; 1 See «paragraph 4» Article 2?» Appendix ¡A* ̂ -. 2 Charles G. Fenwick, International Law (5rd ed* Appleton-Oentury- 0rafts* Inc. 1948),p* 127* In partia l opposition to 'th is statement, no­ tice should be made thc?t jfche United States, not a member o f the League» recognized the international status o f the Japanese »sandated inlands as well as the statu0 o f the other mandatea. This certainly tends to prove that th? "Brt and nG° mandates had at'■leant a provisional fo ra ,o f inter­ national personality^ She óuora* Chap* I I I , n* 1» p* 156* Perhaps Fen­ wick meant to aay that íntefñaiional law had not authoritatively deter- ■- rained, the status of the mandated territories. . . 282 > ^̂Kb̂ Î^jp- _ %ë̂- that p.r(^itìlòn^i|y.;,p3fôv 34©d. in . . the,. .CfOv̂ nâ t. ß$v. .tjbê ̂ 0;>0ß^^0^;, th© Ohaî - . té^3ph^^íí|f|';.¡th|;f J^lij^ipal by p ro v id i^ ':fôi : thb p^equal ;öb,5ehtiyeh-;bi’' • epif^goyemDOKit or ,indöp.©nd©,hcb- éja. gpaiô tö t>© attained hQp öach ö f the. " ' " '"', ' " ' T T ' " - ■- . r- - - ’". " / - ̂ •:..;• •'. ')■:& ■.■■. #hibes#¡ ̂ . § Î | a ç i ô ç b .̂-lbb ;a©iaïï̂ *- . d&b©3>:,thp:t̂ ibv,bh.. s^-.í;.; : -®.f|?d.3^Qg&9:'hf,;atát&b i»* .igáÛ jĝ Îxíí i©:? tij^tesshiph. ̂ dïj. be a W.eXCQS!© gs t̂u.rav ̂ . j,.^^.. . ir . 'J i. ,;.. , v . ^ - . ü ; .. . ...... . . :|ÇÎ̂ $̂i(p-,3P;.-#:#; ; . " t:|íft̂ 3.pjfs,G-_. /̂ 3h;_„t|b€>,. biy*e ,̂ É̂ -_/íi|yÉgfcíaĝ /̂ ĉ .í! ;̂ ’. '̂ ÍS '̂. .: ;Svhn, t ;hb^gh;;thá;, fe r r a i , â ^ !^ ly :. Inter- , national,.h£w ;;'C0®?j.i,&?ibh; t p ,̂ r ther the ;^¡|^|paM©n ; ,$f >i& l. ■ it ;tphkB:ob*té|œply daU&bfUl i f there w ^i. ,b¡o, t^a^sg,_rt ^ X*§.5/ $ast^otiyo: e lu tion :;to ■ • thee# .prebl^^s, of, the trusteeship, s^ ®he r ^ ^ l t p f .inter-* national. ls#..#f:b r b ^ aObleye ty .dogwood a . body o f treaty, la#. x?htoh ^ill^take precedents; over, the existing <&stoma,ry .p-raCr. t i c e j - . / . p i i / t h e ' , . ..*.„., .,... were many, olaime,.in,:f^epf$t, ,the.^raat^eht.;^,, not.only Mien,,paraphs ih : the :$is»dsts#.. tb; the.; treatKiejit o f the! ,inhabitant® o f '■ ■ / ’. '"'; V v ' • ^ v T;'” "" •••-. ;.." 2" , ’ ' ' •:' th^j mandates. when Sht.side.. the:,0:0u®t^*;. The Treaty.. Of proiecf , .tion. p f , the ofl.tho .̂ ©yor.se$s. .poeae'.e.tTonO by .pro*. . t ’ ( • ' •< r i ’ • ’ •- •, i vi,ding.|©;r, thefr dipTeoatio protection by the govainaente exercising the 1 See Artic le 15» Appendix 0} See also Survey o f International haw in Relation, to the i/ork o f Codification o f the International taw Commis­ sion:. ;^hite4;,t»atldihg: ■ • ■ ’’• Liang, "°The General Assembly and Codification o f International ¡Law,® American Journal o f International .Law.« XLII (J^anv^ry | ^ 8 ) pp* 0 0 %̂\.. 2 2 Per decisions Concerning diplomatic protection,"of the inhabitant9 of the mandates, soe James G* Hales, "The Oi’eation and Application of the Mandate System," The Grotltts. Society <, XXV (Jcnuary^ItebeEber*$) / ppt, ,2^fe‘262>:.r, • ' . • ¿8k ^th .froat;Brithfe.end. fr& ^ ^ & d ^ m A tp th|;a po ltoyby p$m %Um -#?', diplpEmtlc: .en^efisplat;hhotpOhion: ■ ■ ■ :; - ■ . ' ■ ■■■ ; ;• -. ' • ■ - ■ ■ '• : ' . ■■ ■ ........ ' •••'■ - ■ bahts / o f a n d J&W®. W Tm " ■ ■ - , , . w *% , ̂ t e g ^ ̂ th^; fgjgpif* J:sX^s^;t9: diplpraatic^and;,.,; . ;Qf, the . t r u s t . &bs». . • ' ■• : 3 . . the, o th e r irn ste s^ ,fpr :any . ĝ cfc. , < - -:A . r r - y : ■ - '..••■.?••'? ......................... . . . i •..•'•:• •;-/-.------r ^:-h> ¿ > ;^ ;- - : h l ; ‘: i “''.-,■'••'» •>- •••h •• t ‘;hV-H '- ^ < tV ^ ^ - ; .^ '^ - t V ‘ X - : ; ;h »^ t ; - 'y - . ; » - -?.*4 •;:•'-**• -*-^: - f-t *:5 - i .- '. . ••••••' ;• . .- 1 .\Spe .Article 127. df the ':i#ehtjr o f ^ re s ille s » ifebartaent .off,State implication Mô s 2JS2̂ >. -f oafereapig; ^Eie^iibte. ̂ &2, ep»e.tt».»- p>\ 2 Bee Article 5 o f the Mandate for Syria and Lebanon» Appendix B; See also Article 12 o f the League o f Nations Mandate for Palestine and Transjordan» league Boo, Ho*G,R*'m. 3a9t 1$22* " / , . . - ' --• ■ 5 See Article i l o f the, Agreement fo|- the Territory o f the Pacific Islands* An padded point o f Interest ip t the fact that international law is saontiotted in only the French trusteeship agreements for Togoland and the- OameroonSf Bee Article k o f A$r#spe.h&£. for F're«0h fegoldnd and the. Gsmrooha.* ••-■.■ ■ ' i I ! that such agreement a ....h&v,®,' .iBt. hearing on the granting of diplomatic and consular protection to the inhabitants of. the,- trust ■' ; ' .. ..................... " r................... : " 'T ' ' territorieat But eyen pith,.the®©:. pyoYisions in the trusteeship agree- nsenta», the p rp te p t i^ e p e p rd ^ d .the t ru s t t e r r i t o r ie s u t ile .p ^ a ld O :.th e te r^ lte iy . eee9fc..to-. -be.j^olly;,.pr.at. leap t .p a r t ia lly laeik* tag, l a tjhe, -gjajdrttjf,.^. th e tm srteBph!p>.egrssf©!^.« . Olosaly related to the, proyieion. ̂ and!consular protecr* tion ie thaiiita^S;;.ef_e^^ o f the inhabitants Of the trust terri*: torlea-» the. strategic trustseehip. f^re!®®ent,...f^...the. ..ferfltofy. Of the , yapifle .^0^Api..^L0 jhovpna^/i^fs^eat zenahip ;/ highly Idesirable» as has . been previouely provep. by the e^cperiehoes under the. mandate eyeth®* . .Petr- haps one o f the., reasons, that the Sgreestents. did ap t. include an . < ; article^ on. the. adoihistering -a^hPlilleifi.. were a l l . ad* . ,thp..:jij|Bie ;;tpper; ' P'royieiona, Oonoerping^ei^ had _ ?er;.ihe netipnallty. iieu;. eep passed which; .geye, Iraq nationality to the inhabitahta*. Likewise during the same year»..' :„■,- .1 See Artiolea 11 & l i of .of the-yaoie fio Islands;. See also .Articles 7 d> i l . e f the i g ^ ^ e n t for fai^anyifca; Sp.p: also Articles 6. & 8 o f the Agreements for breach Togoiand & the Cameroons* . .2. Bee-Aftieie |i,?af .the Agreement fp * 'th e Territory jef-the Pacific Islands.' . .... ,.v , .,... ,. , ', ., . . 3 3 See supra« Chap* I I I » n», 2» p* 28^ for cases pertaining to citizen* ship and a llied subjects» The United States is the only administering authority which was not the administering pe^er under the mandate system* created in the mandate of Syria and Lebanon..; . r' < »’ ' i In 190. a wap- also created fo r Palestine and Trans-Jordan ■1 .i in fulfillment; o f Article 7 Of the man-de .̂ eg^PP^Sht». ''..put, gin?® the fA" mandate p independent I t ig;,.neeeap- Pary. to ,l<^k ,to, the and. "<3 “ mandates for .Information Q<^e.rni*iS. S»y p:r^cd##v^ld|! .^ght e ^ lv e , ^elating, to .citizenship .% the trusteeship agreements ao fa r conqlu.ded«. ,., The, poiOT-iB,8i6n :ce;n6ide?ed the. problem o f nationality, .in the '’B" and "0” Ma‘n 'd ’a Vt e‘ d,; -•e-n•d--..•d e;•■c ided, to•-;%p••e•■n-■d'■•,•,.•r••e-•e■•f•^•• en.d..d..^, d- d• ®:,to.the to.n..g.u..e. . Op"u n' oil on* - n the, the ,, , , natior^lity.’ o f . ffl^datony power, blit that individual: ikhabitente;,eQdi4.; ob^fin.,nabU'p$leeitieft. from.the .^andatory i f they; chose , tp. dp;. so;.*, __ The Oouncfl a lso expressed the desire that the native inhabitants be design nated by,a: ;|^eef|.pti^e. t ib ie so ha to specify their statue under the mandate. 1 Janes 0. Sales» "Some Legal Aspeots of the Mandate System: Sover** eignty^Kationality^Terœination*and fransfer» " The Oratlue Society« XXIII (January • December 195Ÿ)* pp* 98 j> 99* 4» 102} See also .article 7 o f the League o f .Hâtions- Mandate fo r Palestine and Trana tordan» League Doe* Ko» çî*. f̂eî*; ■ ■ V"" " ;v ‘::;." “ . ."':'r ;.., T . '”7.’V :- -, "• '""■ ■"■ ■ ." . ........ • ■ . . . . . . ii. ■ ■' 2 See supra» Chap. I » n . Z , p* 57. I t must be pointed out that these déôisions did not poftain to.the 7*000 German nationale who wore in the Southwest Africa at the tine/territory became a mandate. At this tine the League Council decided to approve the South African plan for collective naturalization*of thOae persons who were o f German origin in the territory, t'hue ( qualifying its recommendations somewhat. Such an, understanding on thp part of the part o f the Union was bound ,to result in many legal, incon­ sistencies and upon several inatano.ee the commission See; the treaty of Versailles which pertains to the troatiaent of the German nationals in the'colonies'which wefétaken'frbm 'Germany. Department of State Publication. Hp% 2724, o.p.oit*., Conference Series -Ko* 92* p* 280*. ■ nvnn»«. - • - i . .,. The. manlatprie ö did ,adopt .a, de scrip tiye,. t i t le fo r the inhabìtahta.-.9f ’ eaPh mandate,* Hew. Zpal^jad adopted; the title ,. person Hative Sampan" while , the, French used the phrase "Hatiyes. o f Tpgol.and or " v -: " ' ...... ‘ " i ' ' " " v ' ' ' • thp"$0̂ * 90®$. Thô other despriptive. , titles,. ... From:, these t it le s i t .ia apparpnt, that, the native inhabitaata o f the .nBn.and ^ " mandates were,jg|yan. only,,aft atoinistrative status.and not fc ■ . nation ,. .$tá^ . :i*íl^ ;imBeytaftt,nee,f sa^ tp,. tiic inhabitanta o f the .t|tiat'tp rr ïtsB l^ -^ â l^ h ê ,i:t ;o f se|f^goyern*p tant,áhd, could nçpeséarily he. as fg^e^eö^v;- %$;_ .;ift.iepaMenp.© , for;. thes.S;:p:äöp|äSsi,;-,$t,;^ standpoint tut .aiáp fftcp law fo r . the. jfa^ii^íh íh^ p|pa||yi‘| afi4,,t^>̂ r?2uiatà . the. establ is hmant of a sepa rat© citizenship for ... ,:l f there. a:r,ö:. disputes whiPh CaftnOt,he aettled by ths. povera iöyo.lyed Concerning pititQftship or diplomatic.. and consular protection» these &is~ putes. are t£, be ..settiod .hy..the,.:.'|pterh^t^hal Souri ç f .Jn§iicp>;..... in ,fact,», . . . ■, . ■• . ' va ■' any .disputeii: re|abtngj,, to- the. iftterpre^atìph. p,r. th®. application, of the , . t:i^st^Öhip<.;ß^#ihaar^,» i f rtot settled by negotiation,. are; to be -submitted ...1 ' P.lkë^»'1llftùtel:. Pf th& niftih'',Seaaioft»' 192öj p« @6; » al so P.M.G»,. Minutés o f .the; ffehthii Session.: 1926> p» 27* ; 1 . the 'ptrategio. truateephlP' for the Territory of. the fa c if ie Islancie spies' no mention. of . .outwitting, dfapites to the |nte lo t io n s ! Court o f Jueti<3j? rigr do GwlneO.,and , Naurh» ■ I t i s , ngirerth *■ '*• i'1 ; ¡1 • •. 1 See aupfa» Chap*, I I , n. 2, p# 74* 2 The administering authoritiea for New Guinea,and Nauru by stating that they w ill undertake to apply the provisions o f international agree­ ments in the .trust territories have actually agreed upon the principal of submitting dispute^ ,to the International Court o f Justice, since a l l members o f the United Nations are also parties to the statute o f the Court. Gee Articles 56, 57 & 95 - 96 o f the Charter, Appendix C; See also supra. Chap;» Ii,*; n*.\2, m. 74* • between the mandatory1 2and -another member o f the League which could not bp ..................................................... ' ................ ' ' ■ - 03R3t3?L One ^Ithoygh it took; thre© the; Court in, order to eettle ,aaM;sf8#N>-^iy, the a dispute, each was o f ^special they, involved not. One .tut several ' points lô air'Ŝ Rg eon©erned ..mandatea*\ .^fte.jof the . eorO ontj^aa tt^t .Arti^Je; Paleotine. man­ date ,h^d..to; thO;. courts t n d e e i a i o n s ! » .. The, other;;,iO,aO:e_ ;.inyolyO^ fit. ;^i;apnte'.oyo^..thO; ;:bpuhd.*y' between ..l.?a.9 -apd. TuThs^'.'.\^Mk: diapUfs;;i;s>;hnwe7e£», somewhat difforont ffom the “Mayromgti.s Palestine., G.oncê ̂ oa;00̂ .1nf,:that: : it .-.did n S ^ the;cla.iwor; . • i claims o f one.of ...th©, nationals o f a.C/cŵ reN1- .... i»etwe^J$a$|fry. and Crest for irssj.*;.;. -.In addi* . tiony in; this; ease theyiopinion handed dowft was only advisory sincet the . ■ League fleunfiil had requested an ©pinion' on the ¡matter, whereas is the .: 1 See supra, Chap. 1, ru 2,, 'pv< 27; See at so Artiole J o f the-Hondate for Samoa, Article 12 o f the Mandate fo r British Togo land, and Artiole 20 Of the Mandate for Syria and Lebanon, In addition the judicial tribunal under the League- was called the Permanent Court, o f Ihieim tipnal Justice while under the ■Chited Natlonebhc tribunal 16' termed the' International Court of ;:^stic©^ ._. ..... . .... . ......;; ...'- - . ,.. _., . Vj : ..:. , ,, .y, ;̂;. .. ' ; • 2 For a: history o f the cdse and the decisions handed down, see The- Permanent Court o f International Justice*(Senega» Infomation Seotion League o f Nations Secretariat, 1950), pp* 55~5^> 59-40, & 48-49; See also $®aeQ p i .Hales,. “The Creation.’end A j^ ica tlbn o f the j^ndp^ The Crotlus Society , 0iV { JanuaryvOBdember, 1959) PP* -258*261*- ' 290 ”%V.r6màtitì Pale?tinéGpnGassionsB caso thè dispute had n©t previouoiy . been. under; thè. Gouncii'6 juriedl(3t*44j Se© alao suora, Ohàfe» 'Ì,'"n* 5, p..; ¿1, ' ' 7"v ' v' ''. V ■ ' ■ i ' . ■ : înyofead*. - Thus the adainistering authority. and not the ïruérteëahip Council wae to eiçt vrheii su© h. ©ontin^naia#.eri.se>, Sowovei> the-. T^Steç* . afeip GounciX©Ould ta&© the .proper aetlon. il" and wften sruch a dispute d i d . arie©«; ; ........... . Territorial disputée figured vQi^ proàine^tly' in the iacctœtuîatlon o f iaw d^apütpà Jlny^vé^ Thiô . ae.cujmiletion ©f law w ill defini tely, a i à the trttëtèeship syetfôa vrhen and i f do take, .plaçf. .̂. .fôr. ^hi;pj.Xa,w wi|i serve .©s yaluabie pra- éeîtentf- In additipn» thé to th® deyëlogment of case law qS certain matters such ,as hat.ionality and ": f . ......"'■■ 2 ............. ■' " " ;' %hj9-..!hattîrâ,;df j&oyé^ignty . i » . ^Althibnëh i t i s ̂ to©.‘©arIy .t©;. déterwinë th©..extent to whieh th© adflin* t'nese accu©;. uXated usage©»/ they w iil , neyerfcbèiess» b© o f ©aitte; froffl tiine to tiœe, J,*.. . Termination and Modification o f al -Mandaté-' ■ and of a froete&fihi© lîeither the Cpvenant nor the Ghartar, roadb' A spécifie stateœeat con» bOfnihgithp. tefM natl<^r ; A’ithsfgb. indepenâenco was. raçpgftizpd in ■ the f©yenant.» .at. lea.st fpr 1 ; , nRuXe3 o f Tîtieteephip Gouncil Debated,0 ^ltèduXîati.ong; Bulle# ■ tm , i i H p r i i a r 194?)* pp* ' ■ ; V. :;;y ; A ' 2 fd.r ,th e£©©1^ of'ôaee'jXaw on. ihea© questions, se© James 0. Haleaj ’"The‘Greation and Application o f th® ¿îattdate, System," Thé Grotius,. Society, XXy (January-Dec.ôajbef, 1959) » pp* 26^279*. tfSEfisssasBa: ' ' ' ....... 1 ' ' 2?2 " the mandate a* there were ne concrete details ae to th f necessary steps which .in .îj^ £ 1..:t$©. .ké$g«a,. ■ by requesting the CJ.oŒn.ieaipn to submit , recommendations pertaining to the conditions that were tp. ¡be ft iifilled '; '.'"V" ' -'-'T : ’ ' ' " " " ; beferé s',mandats. oçuïd.;be termirurted*;:■ v.c ...... .. ■: .It .wets necessary tô prépare this EeBorandum because* Although Iraq 'had^b-lriiajiy .^ tlfliled many o# the basic objectives .in order to obtain . eventual .'independence, the 0omBiesiQn\feit that more specific conditions. ; ' " ' -v' ' ' â ■ ....... ' r - \ v ■"• ̂ ;..> " ' ■ ' ; ' r: ahoold-.be .fu lfilied ». . . . . . . v ,.is^i4g;thèséi c j^ d it io ^ . • 1« 0!he te rr ito ry must have .a settled government and from an ad-f f ministration capable o f maintaining the regular operations; o f ©sssntîàl . government servicesj r. : 2*;... ,|t ,aié8,t. b© .capable o f roainteihihg ..lté- te?ritçr&&'! integrèty and y 5* I t îaùet be able to maintain the public peace throughout the : terr^Oiyij;.;'.'| '■ 4. . ; havc-'.ai| i t s disposal: slçquàt©; ,f inaneiel rssouroes to .pro* vide re&il&rly for normal, government requirements; -,i ; 5* I t niUst poçôôss iawe ànd.a judicial organization which w ill a f* ford equal and regular justice' to a l l »? ’ ‘ .. • ;i . , '.f ; 1' ?-.k.G»:;■ Minutes of the Twentieth êeseion» 1951 »■• pp » ■i226»- 149^157^ . &. 175̂ 190,* The two latte* groups of"'pages coyerlh detaiij. ’’¿h? debates 'and discussions,portsining. to the conditions necëesary before:''A mandate could be terminated»; . • . ..... .... . 2 So© Article 22» paragraph 4* Appendix Aj See also supra» Ohap» 1« n. 2 & J5r'p* 20»r; ... ; . 7 ' . . . " 7 f 7 ....7...,. . .77'"7'' . 1 ; .y • ’ : ”"' ■ " 7 " " ’ ........ ’ • 3 P»HiC!«.,. iflnutea b f the ..Twentieth Session» 1931 * P* 229* ì̂ gj£ìL]Si(piC3fi&*QEU9EBSE£8B5lj 295 In addition to these specified conditions the Oenmìs.eión ;drew up. a I le i -of guarantees.; which,, were. to he adhered tp by the mphdate*. .These ;:... guarantees weres . ' ...., , .. , • ... , l-V'/The effective protection o f rac ia l, linguistic atid toiigipue minorities; • . . . ; ....... .......................................................... 2* The privileges end immunities o f foreigners to the Sear Eastern Terfitpriesifc ^ .. .... 5< i 2fhs''|àtéréétà''!ó f/fS ré i^ .;!& .end, pr toinai. cases in so fa r.;as..tote.re.s.t8 ave npt ^aranteed. by capitu lation ;. ' 4*. Freedom ;of ,Chap». il,,.n»4* p« 53«. ■ 2 See supra* Ohap.; I I » n» f , p* 1,20} See also supra* Chap* I* n. 1* ■ V. *5* ' ' V x ' ' .... . 295 . &í0r,á£cí¡. vpáéT thè mándate; System.,, to proteot thè intere è tè ó f fore.ign* ère, in judicial » c iv il , and e r is im i cáse è se well aa tòqthejr privilegaa ' ' ' . ' " ’ ' ......- 1 ' ...... " " ’ ' and. . Jsigunitie.8 to . ;. f ó ' * é i g f c è f t h è protectipn o f . thè- .l^tèróstèi o f . thè _ weipe ffiembpré o f thè. .lièaguo yére not e la rified ae . they w®re when thp .S3a©dh.i®.. átatne ó f ; Iraq HevértheleBs» stany of theee- intprostawo^ld s t i l i be adherecí t© bepauoefrane^J©rdan* by, 'bacamihg. a: membe.y o f thè Únited fiat ione* would hayo, to gamply to thè ,. <5>.hàrtor;. P#Ì^?Ìf à l l iBeàbéró?: ;..... .V fhep ìtuatioh . yae, thè ‘fteleàtim mandate* ?a|é.Btliie ; ha«! been. á^s^^otoí^#...bjR ;^0aíí,,B^^í3Ó, aa a. mandate unti! ^ey . 15.|. I, 4, p,«-:..I20j; Sòe álao sapra:». .Ghap«- I I , ■ n* 1* 'p* U . t ó 'h * t r 2, % .& 4, p* 126* is s a n e B â & B • - : i -r ïïinr Tiir m r ‘n rTM nir^“ n" L'-~ ~ <~','ia~ — ~--'.r~.,.i!;';s-h— ■ — - r^ ; " — - - '-'~ ~ 1 • t ’ 296 Í ' ............ ■ , ' iieaghe: o f ISstipBô had beçn brought to a close, and.sinçe. S-reat B rita in . . -*3î!Ç»"̂-’. W;ïjftbo>d/.,fe6*-> ;eô&1 ĵ îg..;é :̂.îSsüâ î ôâ :;¥*30̂ î a satififfaptory solution wal raached#. thé United ífetioñs cpuld héive and ahpuid^heyè exofcised ite . wày aa ,tp bava brotight Palpstinopeacpfun ths f&Éiiy■ /; J thpjb^^ jrej^ting.. ^ iró ra t io n Of 't h ^ dates i t A p ea re t hàt . ,,j%. wida diaóretipn -ysáted in the mandate) ry . far determining when ths mandatas waré. to. te. llberatsd from exte.rnal controlr. _ 0:onddtipna. wpre.véu#ivtjtet the bçeççae. Çpunpil waa jabXe only to . .opoytfH- _ .There »as -ra^ íiM l -judge in i dëtermintng if. Transbordan^ was. in à. position tpi fo l f i l i .th e usual obliga» tipns -ba®d^ïîg;'à ap^Î#igip,,Êtata:^ shenee$ the cpuntriçe- v.'hp 3igned the Stóted^ati!0̂ '.;®?^ ' the, iadepende^a .of bpth. . Syrie : and p f L•e b' a•n'p n' ..b.eiO/"a"u à'"e* o"f, - th■" e• ir a. c"p é■ ptanda, o f the f- ilTia. l w.o..f.d.i.n:'g o f Aartip^Svj^-'df | b $ i j p . a Spt an -é^ îfp iy^dp^ íteíptii?^, tppi^ ...pipés. ln ; thp^jreap^iitid® of ;Iafaei ap on indppahdpnt atats* f̂ è :.!j^i^vEainpd the. inde?* pendénpe: thrOpgfe hôr exploita.on thp. battlo fiá id end., ip addition by the ppïitiçaj ..ÿanaùyfrinâ o f ,. the t'ig.,pipHar,h|,... Jîpweye.r»;.. the. new, sta,tà .did npt . bépcane a: sembex? o f thé tînited Natipnéhntil May 1.1, 19^9* in addition* .' V ';'.V’..'VT ’*"'" " / ' v''; ""r"'..i* .;V" T ............ : V hey bdhndn^dp^t^^^o^ been authoritatively daterminad,.. Thua o f the “A” , 1 Èaoh o f ' the mandate agWementà necbgniae.d! that it. waâ neoeaaary to havé theÿîepgué Oounoil’ s àpproÿal ià ëny ^ d ifip e t io ^ d f terme o f the -fflandate#>r'êee.eiBO supra» Chao» I . n, 1, p> 12j S.eé aiso Article 7$, ■ Aypendb,'#$:,..,.:.;..v..vV.¿. v . ' . , g See; supra, ghap< XI, pp<, ia^~127» ■ »andares»; thpugh a l l are npw independent.» ^ans-wJp.rdan is 'not» ap yet a meabex’ of. ihe Unitpd ífatiptta.: Aé prigihally piarme d by the Penpanent Man* datea GoBmiaeipn., the raandate waa t o b e aáJDÍtted to ineBbership ln the League oí* Jíátlons; when, it , had fü l f i l led the- reqtíirementa Í ot indépendonee» '; . ‘ ■ 'V i ;' V" '"" "7'"... .T';,'V ■" to. the satiafactipn, p# the. teagpe Oponeil» ÍJppaueé ThranB^prdan» sp fa r, ‘ ■ ' ’ ' ' ' ' '■ '* • , " has not been appegted -i|etp,,tb:e _UiP¡Ít$d,$ptiqoq*. pné o f the ;lmportant ob* lectivas p f Ba»df^h syetein has not been realizad. in the new internan tionál Jprgahdpatlphv. -i.. ... ■: ., Thore. i.3. jfe:;..pppei£ip provisión io.the United Nottone Oharter fpr the . with the e^c.eption o f the préyisieii^ ih. Artiple |8 o f ,thp greyidéa th&t tsmsteeehip ;.•• papnpt;. appiy to territorios. whish havé, bee.oiné members of ths United . : tions ‘ánd.,thé;' ,.or .aápntoeht eí1. the , truateóship .. agreepents*;. But sp;é pifie; the teraination o f trnoteeship,.; oven tp the.éxtént. .af .stating. op. exaet,date,.oan be writteñ. into pny tros« . teeahip agreéaent-* Evén so# such proviSlons heve not sp fa r been made in :_ ^ 2 ? ; . ¿a., tarpot, wpuld 'np:ro.a.ily.vppme._by ln<|epen~ . dencp, |t .ÍS..#ín6étyab^ the syao^ting eí’ f é l í Bel^gpyérnBent ..$ight. alzo terainaté -. í̂ae-. . . „ for ¿\rticlo Jé pfj the. Sh&rte.r . ■ -.̂ ppr;- %he coreqoal gpaia o f self~govéirn®ent or *2 V I Se® enera» 0hap. I.» n* 4, p» 20j Se® aleo aupra». Qhap> Í I I , n. 2, p* : •. , • .. . . . . . . . . , .... . 2 Séé Artiolea ?8# J9i & 81» Appendíx C* òr ihdependerioe* In thie way thè door is lefís open for thè fflod^icQtiqn or termination o f thè /trtì.si in., thè intereste p f ' thè peoplp,.conceraed• I t e i l i bs reCqlleà that th:Ì:é wa3..dene in the,qaeq: p f thq mandate charter veje .ne vèr ratified». and a tre¿% ,relatiqnahipi bqt.ween,,G Bri-? ̂ taift and Iraq; .tqqk./ite ipiéce^... Keyertheió^ diaputed t.kat Grqat Brìtain had ita pwn intereete in mind when ahe réguested thè hepgue Council te approve thè "treaty relationship,, whìch waa in roany respecte eiajiier. b©.,"t:h€* ;t^aiif& ed mandate; .dhartey* jleftideà: thè. tp;rnihatiótt pf trpqt :t^^|tpry..by; thè; gíifántii^.Cf'.i^ dependenpe » thère . are o^her ppepible mòans. o f altering thè, stàtue o f a trapt. té|ritofy je 1 f * gpve rrnapnt,. reyocpt ion o f an ad*. amending.. thè tiraateesM^ , Sp . fa r , there hayo, jo t .eJhy. a l tera^enOi:|i),. $fce ■ bui; Ártielp 79 of. thè. Charter dppe providp for their. alteretion or amend-i- meni» In àdditlcn, Ar^ì<$e^ Charter includo thè etatey ment t ^ t : thè ¡Separity. Òouncil and thè Generai Aeoerably are to exerciee thè approvai o f thè àlteration or aasndnent o f thè strategié and non-etra- ■■ ■-■■• . .......' - y " • • tegic tyùeteeohip? agreémpnte poppe ctivély*. In. thè putuan; ó f 19^6* Bueeia prppqeed tq..flx ,p date.. for. bhe.feYlqiqn Qf . thè trueteephip. iagyeéaònts, but i t iiwaO\rejeB;téid..by . thè .màndatpry ppwera, d ^ i5*® thè aeop.ipne, o f thè Fourth 2 Ì Sé©;. Artiplé, fé ;j. Appendi*:’ 2 See aupra, Qhap» I , n» 1, p. 30» • ;.. ’^ Seo ArtipleB 7?» 85, & 85j Appendi* 0* ■ ( Committee ( stee ship) o f the United flati,one Cenerai àôs.effihijr# ■• There were other suggestions set forth* soph as- the Chinese proposal to have, trusteeship amende d or altered within ten, yea re-, a fter they were: invoked» This proposal was ao proved by the Fourth Cornaittee* bat i t was " .... ' ' ” i '-^ r ....... voted down by the; CeaeMal. .Appe^ly*. Even though the. .proposal .might h.aVb been approved and piapj&d. ,i® the forai. o f -a, new artic le fo r each o f thé trusteeship. agreèmentô|., which were then being examined by .th# Gpne.ral Assembly,, i t would have been unlikely for the powera who had placed these agreements b ^ f o r t h e iVsaeably 'tO; hayeapprOyed such ' aeasurea:* ■ 1. , . . , the other hand», sever#, aendotçs! charters were . .altered* This was particularly trae w h e n t h p o e ^ o f . tby^boai ^e, ^. , . took p'ieeé..JNtV^eft. mandatory powers o f adioi^ For- instance, in;.1925 there; was a . transfer o f territory between the mendiâtes o f Tengane . yìke end 3uan#a4Urundi under the Supervision o f the QrtSrMllner Commission ........ ;r. y - ' • " ' '/• y ; ' .'■■■$■■** \; ■ /' and pppreved by the League GpUnOil;*...,Gt.he-r .5Bodifie#>ions. o f this typ^'. ;...■ ■werê..phevidfd|i *5.in., the mandate agréments. for British and French, C e rco n e ' a;'v . ' w h e fe^ speei#l Commission wap to. make minor modifications: in the; boundaries 1 ___ , “Trusteeship Council Formed»n United States Weekly Bulletin» I (December 24,' lp46), p* 14; See also O ffic ia l Records of “the, Second Part o f the First -Session o f . t p a C<^Íttee. . i iT¿u^éeáhlo Part. 1 Summary Récords of. Meetings i Hoveober ■» 12 December* 194&» United .. . .'2-'.For thé j| j¿tiM .|ñ '’tHe drafting o f the trueteeship a g f Cements » see supra» Ohap* I I » . PP» 57-62*„ „ - 5 P.M.C* »minutes o f the Bécond'SoSaion, 1922, pp* 72-*75j sc® also P..M.0:»-» "Mlnntéá'iof: the Third Beeialóh¥"l£:g^* pp:*;. ,l:fkí¡ :|Be#;a leo P.M.G., Minutes ;Q fthe. Fourth Session, 1924» pp^ f"&'o$% ; , i ^^s^ìiiaervts«,........... •., Tuo ótft:é^;,ía|5ortp^ ehangee were mad.e, but they inyolved theroreation o f new mandatos put o f . .previouely ejfi s t ing osas¿. in |92ó ^a©M?e preated • thè I^banpa Kepwbltp; thu© for/all. intenta end'purp©^ taart*? i date oonld be„ treated af. .tw , distlnpt antities; pensieting p f Syria and iebanon*Liìtpwipe.i, in '1928 ». eigii lag ©onditipna taok place( -in Palestine a© . thè jÈrit||ih ^oognipéd -thè. j i t Jordan*- Ftoh», that time on TranasJòrdan waa coneidered aa a separate man-? " "" \2 ■ i; ' ; ; ' " ' ' ' "' '' ' " " - ' " ' ' T ' ’ . 'date^; i . :i ., , j ., In thè se tpo inotánpea _:n^,.jsandat#. ^hartera were nói ereated* , Leba-* non was nd#inif;tò;rad ori thè basla e f thè mandate sgreen^nt;:,and her newly created. constitntipn,:. bpt thè mandatory ;, peni :pnly pne repprt for Syria .. and tebanpn tp. ,the. Perajanent ^ndateg Soffiaii;e.adpn»: In regard-to. franer ' Jordan» ':th® Palestine «Andate waa adopthJ- d0 t*1®, bepià for;iaattdatory ad* and thè Spiy.|$epg!g/lidi.^t.igSfpliy té. fnan^Jordan»;... ^ttev X92B tì^ht.Brl«. taíid inplodjsd ;a spapial ; s e p ilo ^ within ber Vannual repprt , • ' ' " V " 5; ; " • ■' ' ' ' ' '■ . 'V ” for thè Paldfbiitó tóandaté.. Altegaiions o f thio nature vere dèfin itely In -i* 2 Bed.Article. 1, o,f bpth thè .Ì»s.a^a/éf..^tièng; F¿^óh.'^Sniiá¿té . Jorjihei: Carne roons» Doo*- Ño* ó.- 449(1)e M»$45(e) 1922 and,thè íeagde d f NationB ":’ '■ Prenóh Mandate for To&oland»: Doc*:; Sóc*; ;Q'.%̂ 9̂,(i) d»& 5 ^ (o ) 'y 'T922» ' 2 Se.esuora» Ohap«. I» n. ì & 5». p? }$•*.■ _ . . . ' i ' . ■ $ Sée suora.» Ohap» I » n. 2» p» \9l See aleo P.M.G. t&'nbtee o f thè fwanty*sèventh-. Seseion» 1935» pp . .64*8T: & é7~IG0* accordance with paragraph 4 o fA rt ic le 22 o? the Covenant becau.ee they were 1 (i logical steps in the mandatories attempts- tp fac ilita te the progressive ... development of, the "An mandates towards their attainment o f eventual in* ..: 'i ' " * " V dependence*, | .... . Besides, these m odification was another o f a much more serious nature*, ,.ft was. the.. .transferal., Of the jSUmJae of, A^e^p^dretta;,. which was a T *u^yv|n,. 19^*, ^hi.e. wao; in d irect; violation ,of. Apticlo 4 p f the...Syrian mandate: since fiance wap reeponsible ■ .«¡f the Lebanon were ceded» l^ e e d * . or ..ip,'any. way, j>l§4ed;■ oontrol of a foreign powe.r*-. ..ferbapo if.the^Baniao ,had,ibe|n .̂g|nife4.u|!d^-..Jurfeieh Bovereignty d irectly ,to Turhjey», the gituatlon Vpuld heye been.. ■Somewhat. g loatly 'in1*-... :' v ' ’■ ■ f ‘ ' - : ' ...................' ’ ■ .'■’ . k . . :• - fluenpedL the teagUe Council in, .it-s.. decision .the Syrian mandate ins;.$ny, 19 -̂*;. . fn t h i a w a y C ^ and France had hOped .to gain Tur-feish friendship in order to offset Seftaary^S. ris ing influence in the . " ' v % '' ' . " ■?■?';■■■:■ y - - - - ........ - ....• '........ ' "" ■ near: oast*-., ,4S>.n, result .o f. .t.fee; policy .fallowed, by the, League Council con« cefning. the Sanjac;o f Allesandfetta*- I t is evident that the mandates were not. .... j : prpyieldns.were, included in,;bo^h. the mandate,.chertere.and' the treate©« ship, agreements. pertaining to their aodifloationi A ll o f the mandate SfS; A rtic le 4»;'paragraph,.4:,:;;4pp^di^, A ,̂ . ...... .. .. : ■2 See Article . 4 o f the Mandate for. Syria amdLebcneU» Appendix Bj See also supra* ^hap# 1,:' n*; 1». pW'40.*; ■ J Charters mentioned the fast that thé consent ò f thè League Council was ■ ' i - " ' " .....■ ' v "f' required: fo r any modification* ,;fhftfte! statements, hçwèver» in thefflpélyâs did not the _ - • ’ ' . , ii League Council ' e ju r id ic t io n in the mandate system,«,, On the other hand, the trusteeship .agreements., ^ét^ forth 'the v m ^ p %n ,«hieh :th^ he a*: mended à ft well as the Relative authority o f th®JSen^;r^...#if0fh-i^ at$ Se* . ourity Çoufteil itn, reeg^et. to the a ltoration o f non-»st^tegic and strategic agreements respectively« Besides these provisions., the Agreements are not to .be a^éhd^d without the epnsént Qf thé adminieteri% ati:thori,ty« Although- the . same conditions .were. genjerih|3,ytc^derst.od;d. in the mandate eys;t®P£; there, wet a ̂ ,,iet. Ì sl̂ ìe. ; ■. ? ItO; them», „ 'Ofpert.lftntft^ . , - i , interest is i&e,;Kdte.!i;Sieis^ Pacific ■ Islanda, which eta tea it*. Article I 5 th atth e ter®® o f the present agreement ,.shall.,not,[;be.ja'l;ieré#,*-a m e n d e d , w i t h o u t the.Consent o f the : " '....’ 5 " " ’ ’ r ........ ’ ' " *•= ’ ' adaini staring authority« ' Sons o f the other agreements are quite so emphatic« „ >, .,.' ** , „ „.,, -, , t.Another topic iidch la th e _-p-2!r.. tag a. tp^B^ephip. and the placing, p f thev. te rr i tary; in .the..hands Of another power» fhe re was,tmder the mandaté' system» ft considerable amount o f *25 .,1 See suora, ¡ C h s p ^ , 12* 2 See Articlee 17 & 19 o f thè Agreement fo r Tanganyìka, A rt id e 12 o f thè Agreeoenté. fo r Ffench' fógoìànà and thè. Carneroons, A rt id e 18 of thè Agreement for Ruand^^f^di, & A fticlé Ì 5 o f thè Sampan Agreement* 5 See A rtid e o f thè Agreement for thè 'ferritory o f thè Pacific Islanda* , d le ^ u ^ ib n .^ regards tp the revocation o f a. mand̂ tO;*. _ session o f the O,oitoid&ion: JE^ard. pointed put,, conceiyebl.©., was for :' similar viewa wero «abounded ty. M;*. i^pa.r d. .and ot her ; jjpmbpr S, p f , the pQBy mission*. Thus Only upon a. gfo.se violation o f the trust ,^q|44. thore; be .jhietifipp^pn^ tbP: ,, ,- . .|f;.tfevQCpblph o f a jla^datiO'.I1?*#, t^d^r;!.^ e .a ^ d e t f system, Aftipiee.Ip. phi, 14 o f the Covenant woold have become applicable providing, . Of .course»., that 'tLe,.,d|$putei..ipi,.:̂ p ;e;t^^ Permanent.. . Court o f . . .■ • iitely-'ppuid^havp'bee»:;inltiatecLby the; Council o f the Laagueviaince' i t was to. deal with any matter pertaining to League functions or affecting, world . ■ T " ;;2 1 V " , ' ■■■ - ■ ; ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ? ' • • ; : ' ' 1 ........ .......... peace ; ,;v .;.......,, ,, ,..; ...;., , . , - . . . . . .■. ; .......[ '. . , ^ ^iitoe; the. .invply* 1 , ■' ;, .. . ■. . . . i ) ; ; . ' . . ' ■ ' . ; ; ing other; than. proc6;;ddral matters^ the a. member^Of, thp Coun* o i l ». ppoid.,yp|^;;!ftd̂ t|ro?V to , the, fe y p p a t^ it thus preventing the attainment o f Unanimity*. thus revocation could not ' ‘ , * . ; " ; . ' . • " \ •> ,> *, ',••'•* ;< '•• :̂ s ■ t .• •’ ••'.*'>.■'/;• ."■'•>v.'’ '. ‘ ' r. i t * ’ * ' v >' - ■/,: x c -V •■ 1..‘l'•■-••'1 '■"• ■.; !.•■"■> ■ / !’V • ' ■’>'• • •■ r \W .. /- ■■>> - f p , • • ' .' be parried out» but by the tepas. Of a rtic le 3.6 p f the Covenant any sseaber Of the League could have been expo lied i f i t had violated ajpy o f the " ■:• ■-■" • ' :' ; i;" \ \ " . f ! ■. League C.pyenanbW. .......... ■■.■••'' .;’. I Minutes of the J&fthCeas^i^ 1924« pp^ ; 176*if^t,.:;§pp-: 192̂ pp» 154̂156, 7̂ 2. See .Article.®- 4>. 15 d* %h o f thê .League Covenant ,; Appendix km •■5 See Articles p &> 16 o f the League Covenant, Appendix Ay J ., A-s a. resu lt* the departure o f Japan ffpin the League in 1953* brought the ...ï̂ Ŝîî-,'*1;íí̂ P t ptootloßl pòi i f .. - tic g*... Japanwas in no poöitio% tp ^ «h:© w©s no longer1 ©Vmember_ p.f thé ;iiSâtg«^> ..^â ;Îïi addition Japan' s ac tiv ities in Manchuria ani; elsewhere, tended to reflect additional bad light on her ;-.i, . ' ■ " ' V ' ; ; ' ' - y : ' .....•■■■■■• ; I " ' : . . jsatoate-p^Lfcy. whiOÍL^^ .. ,i|tho.ug.h ;Jppén, etetOPkO^ thC• twinit^fee^ghth. ■ çôgéioji ,-0¿ th©. Oppa lésion that aha would bo bound .by the conditions o f trust as set/forth when she wa s a League member,. there were no effective means o f sound supervision : . . . . . . . . . . . . • ' ■ ' v ' T ' ? " y ■ ■ •; ■ "• " ' . i " : T ' since Japan was wore no^dp^iiiion^ reached tine.pr./bt' .any la ter $ate¡. eoncpming^ the disr . ■ffiisbiiÍ!;,éf;, ,a roandatory !&.■ .case ItCpasOd to-, fü lf i l 1. the obligations. se t . .’•' . forth ih; thé Çovenant f : fhOrofpfpjit; «asv father; evfdpút,thèt. the Jhpaiióeé tod-.not,^tpnd^.i to...Pltow.,.^ •^Ithdf'bja,.hex mandat©; $?#*:, thé. :... lôOifip;;:)|pinn^ÔÎ. been. t®0008afy ; in , :.. ' Order; to toyé, cóinpelled Japan to. rélin^ to, the .League:, o r -: to any power whic h the League, had appO.lntQd as mandatory. ̂Kevartheiess, - these experte nee a; under .the. mandate, eye tea. have .proved; rather beneficial ' in. relation, to. the question o f thewithdrawal Of a tract from an adoinia*- te f if^.'authority * . . ■ : 1. See suora.»- Ohas« !:»,...&«, :’ ' à 'goo - eupfa:>’~'Ghâplt',':J ^ n^ 5'd»:' '-pi--r 5Ÿ; ' See also P»M«CY* Minutée o f . thè th^enty^elghth Sasel on* %9 p* IgiS* . f hé Qherter does not fcrovide fo r pry sjore: authority ,tò. withdiraw à trust, ̂ i r . - i i ' . ' f e . .ijt̂ euEiiS. . , 4̂-4"=■ Æĉj?- thé. au toaiat ic, creation o f p . trust* .Thup i t could bo, stated that possession .which was . not, given by. T ? ’■' ' , ' ." --' ;V'T; -■■■ " 1 . ;■ thè Onîièd Hâtions could not necessarily fee 'token away by that body* In ' . a d 0 t M ^ > h é ' epnn©t* f h it s e lf » oust., théi,ùdnini8ter-* ' ing power http®- though there be, n, flagrant ease . of mplpdmini stfation. The V i ; '.r !: 7 'v !7-7' : '•..7 :: : v • 7' " ? v T ” ' 2 " saàe was true 'in the case o f the .Feraane.nt Mandatee CJoamission*. An attempt was made at thè San Prencieco Conference té include pro- v iolona for the, teradr^tfon o f ,p. t ru s t ,e r , ite, transfer froa one adainî.^,- ■ taring authority to another, but Without succose during, its discussion by' the conference Technical Committee on Trusteeship, Committee IÏ/4, the Egyptian delegate,»ought to, include provisionsin the sOhatèr uhtçh,wôuld provi,de. fo r the., tenaiHat.ipn^ p f , t ruetee8bip.,,óf .npn^ati^tpgiC ,térritoriee by the Gémerei Aeeembiy;uppnt^ by reco:»* io d a tio n o f a i n y ?•;è f the Assembly^ ; Provision was also made fo r the transferal --pf ,,a. trust té. anohhef pp.wer, when, éhd. i f the, terras; o f the truèr teeship^greèaénte were violated by the administering•authorlties* Besides violations being committed« i f the administering power ceased to be a member o f the United Hâtions for any reason the trusteeship would likewise 1 1 fo r a JJisCussionlbi^Sov^^ the trust tefcritpriee» see supra, Chap* I I I , pp*:'_:2?6é2lla: ,, ^ v ;.,r, ., ¿ These powers Gouholi under ' thé mandatèéÿe- tem while"1$ the trustééship ^ste® ihè Ôèrtôfal Àèsè^bly handlëd theaj fo r nònrstrateglé trust territories .and the Security Council was in charge o f the strategic trust arena* • These provisions were thoróughly d i ^ ànd due t p t hè mapy con*. flic t ih g views on thè subj|e:ct ̂ thè Sgyptiaii delegate withdrew hip motion in favor o f a. more completa, étudy ó f thè matter# The chaipsiah o f Gommlt-ì . tee Xl/h euggèeted tìiàt, thè delegate o f thè United States pnd Great' Brir ■ tain preparp p roporton thè eubjeot» whitth was to then bei inpluded in ■ ■' ' S i . thè Rapporteur’ e report of Gpfsiaittee Il/4*: v ..;̂ ^ .... ''.. The statement which thè delegates o f thè United States and Great Bri* tain submitted was noi inciudéd eh. a part o f thè foamittee. Iï/4 report*.. ^ but i t was dèqided that thè statement ehould, nevertheless, be appendèd* ■ ■? y,. One o f thè questióne whioh was o f particular importanof rçêè thè prò* oedures t ò , b o ^ v ^ e d ; ; . i s t t r u f t . . te rri^ tory, eommlts eh aòt of aggression# .. What lo o f mpin copoem here la thè relatlontìhlip of. . cuosed» thè ^ , .̂ *ÿ5T ; giye..»i.se. national peaoe and seCuribp;# ln t hie wày» thè Security Qotmcil pan reoosh- mehd tó.;th$:-£ agreeisent« _ These sanctions* measures» or recoaH- mendatlone are provided for in Chapter 7 o f the Charter and would be the ! ' ' - r '• > " ' ■ ’ * ; ' ■ same as those,applied..lh the United Nations*, #ut I f • the’ tniB^p^^rr- waa...e^eiled\ f^on; the organ!- . zation or withdrew, for; soipe other, te-..ah ids ■ by the reddkQèhdâtions o f the,. Uhl ted. - the • trust, to arçther!,auth9r£l^ then,bays ,,$0 be, judged, by , the; General Assembly and the Security Council on the basis ! o f the condi* ^ -T ji 'y _ ■ /■ -i! t iô «e ;preysiiing,;at the'-tims-* : . "I! Ibid* ^ ^ ^ A r t l e l e s ' -S -f ''^ ';,Qha-rter,. ̂ Appendix G> which pertain to the meaeufea whioh could be taken against an administering authority who violate a its trusteeship agreement* In ed d i* tion, the withdrawal o f an adaix^te&iag authority' from the United Nations is very important when in consideration o f the transferal, o f a trust to . another power* Whereas the Covenant* o f the League makes provision for a members withdrawal from the. League after two years notice o f iter, in te r* .. tions td. dp, eo, th^ Nations Oharter fa i ls to answer’ the, a 11, tkpor*: tant.. subject* Jfapan,wae the only ,mandatory which withdrew from the heague, but. in doing.. e.o:',it,. ie, very, que eti.onabl.e;. whet he r she. had, f u l f i l led,, a l l her „ obligations and ,tho^i; ’o f the CoyehSih ̂ tin? p;f;hs,r;. withdfawa^^;Th?. . Japanese .^ithdraw'^.W/.ir^P-, the .Leegue _ definitely, weakened, the organization;, and.it is , apparent from; this.experience that the-League,Covenant gave to much en0.burage»d.nl te:.m,emherh; ^!.eit.hdr.awv,...: This, same- ^ l i e f '«iae-eet. forth by the delegates participating in Committee 1/2,, .the Conference Technical Committee' on^:^^er.ship^:; ..- Therefore» ,the mitts? ge reasons for not making an expre as etatamenl either to permit, or to' 'pro*;. - veitt withdrawal - from 'the' 'Usited'-^tiohej’" '^ Ar1t^ie!i''l’̂ '1jp^ ' the - a lee |d4um^itSfidf ̂ ''i-fe'’CnlteA~'.Natidrifl- Con* ferenoe oh' Interhatlenal'; Organization« Ban jftftajfoieoo« 1945'»' Ooqmiasioh.1 ' General Provisions« Voi* VII {New Torki United Nations Information Orga* nizatioftj,, l!^§J#:pp* '26ka!S$% '- : ■., -.- -' .......As.,e..res^tt;:..the..Btatoajent made; jo in tly by the delegates o f the United States,and Great Britain, tende to Itie.ë t h e t w i l l . ^ . ^ ■ . . they depart drastically fro® the promisee that they themselves chose to approve1 in the trusteeship agfeeaente, The delegates fe lt .that.even though en.-a^iiii8teriag-'ppwé:r withdraws from the organization, provided p$ course r ’ that thé. reasons involved did not yelle®*?., diseredii upon i t * ,| ^ r e ^iould. not be ahyrreaaon- foy. transferring .the trust territory, to another.power*,,. In this.Situation, there .oust, :also be shown,:e w||iin^ess oh,th e .part,of,the authority to. Sontinùe. te.aa.ceptvb h ^ ae well as . System Suo.h^ae ports* per ip dis, v is it e, and .yeti ttons* - This,., because.of saraa^ Oies involved,; the délsijatë,j|thought.. that , t^.^praoticë p f ma^^g; .provi*‘ • ! " - . • * * ■ ■ ■ sions in advance on thesubjeot would not do justice to each individual' . •:»••••• — : , , . . - , - . • • _ ■ , / • " situation^ . ...,•..., ... .j •.. . Perhaps, the. Qhart© r show Id, have placed,, more enip.hasi0,.en,,the:. termina*-.. tien. of. a; trustesship ag r ©esient,, r,o t he r than, by .independence1-,, '.end llkewi.se,•; on .the esplieijt meth;ode,;:of...dealing with, the. administering... ■../ . whisb.QOE^ityieiatishg',;^^ ,,it.;i|, true. that the trusteeship system has joore:; .expertly, handled thé Situation. in theory than was the ease under the mandate system* ae witnessed by the League1s fa ilu re to aot when the Japanese were not living up to their Organization, Sari ffranpiBCo, 19^5$ ?oU X, éptSi t * * p* mandat© agrpe^nt £$$■ ipiandp*- ’.Tt^ handicapped boçayeo pf jthp laok s p f rpfpreno.e: jpe fta fp ing; tojL thé handlirag ©f ôuch mptjÊpf f.*.;.. But .it*_ hé^erthéle ss >.reœaine .. t©. b« p©pn| jùst uhat. the Bituftiph w ill bp when and i f a. practical test, la made o t the trueteeship Systems¿profitions on the tub jeotai.;, > • . v/'; - ••,./•' K* Thé Pfinoipié o f AOOOuntabilltV ' ' ' Oit© o f the more bpsic and undér*lyïng prineiplés o f the mandat© • sys* ......... '̂2 ̂ ' . ‘ ' • . ' ' y ' - ■ tem wao that o f international çritipieaé the gestionnaires employât by . the dpmois.aioa. and thé: : W thod ?: • repprtpd:it o„ in . asking. for. addttipnal In fo r -. nation tr o a . th© mandaipf ip.s when, conditions. w©fé non© top eatisfaotpry in tho mandates pprc i in themseivee typés, p f ©rftip;lpm*. ;y t ' ,Fp.r papffipïéi^ th© ;$Pagu@ lion ” during ita seosipn p f: 1S?22:> and in sp doing requèetéd.th© Commission "■ ? ....r ' • ’5 m v ; ; r " ....' " I v * ~ to .ponôidéir. the,..ii^id«^^;./whé ^ é ^ b l^ jt i^ is broeght. th©: pfoblpm t© thé on thé tinion o f South 4fri©a‘ à .j The examinatipn of petitipns by the Conïm̂ aleo pnpther im» portant méane. p f. esp.rciffng.,th©, weapon of, publip priticiffln»^^ Th©; gfi©yane.es ■oî . ^ ’b^oûgtïii- to tho fore, and a record o f their" reyléw • ,. 1 See aupra, Qhap». ■ III., n* f & 2, p:*. 5©4,. __ ' ■ 2 I of V difpufsioh on tho valu© o f international orttipiem, ,seé Moéflé :gp»oit«*,. PP». ■.50^512* -. ,.v . . . . . i ... ;j Seo supra» Che^r.l* n* 2, p+ 2Ô » * 1 & 2> p» '2̂ .# ■r î.TiCiWiVtìta. '■■"»VW. - -, ~-------i ,JfT T T ifn r i r f r -i i T* * * " * * “—1 - ¿ ¿ ^ and',the rep.on^éndationa ,eet. forth by .the fomraisoion^an.be., found in thè minutée of the : Péraamhb: Mandates; Commission.’ e sessione which arepr©-» i eeryad .fot* posterity*. fhus tei?. material, .i^ oiagien* 8 .repgrtg. : te. the beagle. Oogncil \ té-, enlighten interested persons and governments on the adsitni.atration o f the mandates* I t aleó seems Clear that tee 'O ffdòte, o f international oriticisiskhad begn extendedibeypnd the tg rritories tmder■ the mandate eygtèrn*:.. frue* the commission’a jurisdiction did net lega lly extend pütside the territories . under mandate , but its influença was not .confined to a rt ific ia l. boundaries* As ,a result» the ; sp irit;.oí A rtló le 22 o f ther#öy©nant, |£ástly 'in fluenóed ••• '■;■•.... : - ......... 'V' ....— ■ r " Yi ' • ••• - colonial -policy .rtee.bóaibáVp,.e^ateíñ5g¿........ . ; ....2épórbh4f thg past hay© been npne toó. flattering t© done ç f the colonial powers.#, /Perhagê one, o f .the, pfiifló gpimplee wgg^te^ o f the Portuguese colonies o f tegola and the Mozambique* t’ndóubt9dlyrthé Portuguese wei^;, ia^uènóéd., by, th,e,. pres:efißQ; p f the mandated .territoriee ̂ which ,wgr.e adjse.ent to thcte coltete?» ..and fe lt, themsólyeé_tìbliged.to ; adapt sèma. o f the.xBandetprieb, . """”■' ' " r " 2 ^ ' ’'‘' " . V ... 7'\' taking in the mandates ited©?'^te^tesupervi gìon*. Likewise^ the mandatories ... Í See Article, 22* : Appendix-A* r-,.t .̂..v. it -J. ''"2':Pö,r'bhé*'uMè,èiîiì|l© p r a c t i c e s ' c a r r i e d theìr òolonies, See beeile f&ymond Buell » The ^atlvó ,ProbI^-.'ín. A frica» Voi » ' 1 (iìew ïorki The Macmillan Po* ,192$), pp. 29» Jl-JJj 5®®' also Major Archi* bald Ghuroh, East Afrlcá A'New Dominion» (londonr Hi ■ 1927yi Í Í Í | i:‘Sea',:í|:éb S*' S. Grove* The ' Berlin, best;,v’ 'Afrlóàn,/P d n f e r è h d è ^ ; 0ró©n.|,; and: 0o¿ 1942) ppÿ îG^-ll & ,20Ó̂ 20.$|:.See'.als,o^ Ni'.'Holcombe* Qependéht Areas in the., PosteWar World» (Bóstonv Jicrld Peace Foundation» 1941), p* 56; See also Wright# OP «oit#;., pp. 228|&253.# had neighboring Colonie^.and even though they may have maintained ©e, high» or higher, standards many, of the idea© .obtained. froin the adsilni straiion tended to influence their colonial atoln istratidh/él:i|»herajfc. dateVj system*.' Although,. t,^èy. .were apparently., fe lt in ■Africa, where . ; • ; ai ’ ' • . ‘ ' ; -, the example o f nS° mandates were: evident, .the influ-? en ce so f.the mandaté • system extended throughou t a ll; the,colonial areas o f the world*. The .prap,iioae,,$;fVvhh$ .mandata,..^ other areas tftrpngh^ tha^praoMae^of.appointi^ statee poe* ■ se seing colonial territories as members, of that'these members did not represent thei.r state when serving on tte Com* mission, but since they had previously Often served in state, capacities',; i t tended to influénde the actions o f these states in the colonial f ie ld 1. The mandate System : was .established, Oh, the principle; Of interz^hipnal. responsibility.* and the essentials o f accountability haveboén reaffirmed , ....v'.............f-y; ...-•■■■ v ■ ■ in 0 hap ter s XIJ . and S lll jO f Charter o fthe.United |ïatlQhs..: _ |n th is way;the ■térritOriès;'.whihh;;harà;.b^^-.P|aoed-undaf..t^ôteeship;hhrè;ibeç^S i. . an international réspeneibii ity* The trusteeship system can, in theory, ■ 2-&, 3.*-. p»:. ig8-f ;The.,;Oolonial--po^erwhich had hatipnala .appointed to the commission were* Italy* Spain, Portugal, and thé HôtherlandO*, ; l ’o r , a cOmphcitioh o f the PermanentMandates Oonmiosion see Append!* % > ,, ••■•■■ ;•■ «■'-■- -. : 2 Through!uttGhaptehO;‘̂ ^ ^ Q f the Charter. th^re',.oah,-,ba „fonhd. Oyi* ’ dence of the responsibility |®â00&;’0n- th® ad»iniat^eg^ing au,thorities and the manner in which they- are to be held accountable* See Chapters XII & X III,. Appendix-'$*. ^ be Considered pö thé. trustée on behalf o f th© inhabitantb o f the te rr i* tory arid thê:' international çomsruiilt'fcjr et la rge ,with ..thé. . authority .api. the agent .of thev.tmoteé«r ;,Tbe ^diB^iôtèrin^ authortty>, being _ the agent o f the trustee, ih reapöneible to .the trusteeship: eysteo for the i 1 conduct o f ite administration in, the trust, territory., By.'fhis meane the, , trust power w ill be exposed to the influence o f international appraieal and opinion,» „. .• --. ..... „,v. ri. . , , , .... Two rather important instpnpop ú h í^ the outcome with varied interest is the progre.ee being madê in Samoatoward ■ ihp,dpB|&èpmént::^ be i% ‘talien .by Great È^Ìtein/àhd..Sì^òe::in\ìi^déi^.tió^ faéiìitafce n .^ ld e ^ the Uwe ■ ' . "" ' rV' ..' ' ' ' i ■ peoples à i French and British Togpland and the. ßoldfgdaj^*;.. , , •••'. ■ .I^ef^ti^nal, and X ÍÍI o f the Shatter ae.: ,it. wap ..ÏU. addition to Ohapters H I / there ChapterXI. It..ipmpJ^Iy^np,e* t^ndlQppf ,-the influences ^hiah.were; found , op. era. ti, ng,-in. .th.....e .- mandate syetepboacerning ’ the . ac' count■a"b i' li•t' y:2 o f "the colo* nial, powere .to., world. rey.|e.W;e ̂ atoiniptfatipnif ,.:.... ' ' . • ' .1 ' ., An,.:apprepr;ia^^ ̂ o.f..,int©rmti.oná,l .e;riti:éirá;.now.,at.: w thè trusteeship pyetem. i s the, examination o f the; repo rt,on the. sto in i a tra?* IdO n -o f the ^^er.-mandátéd territory o f Southwest Africa* , Ehren though ' Í 3©o bapra, Chap» I I » pp.. 97**100* Sea aleo supra» Chap*. I l y pp«. ; • ■ 102*10«*; ; , , v. i ;.;,..,I , . , .,;.... ■ 2 See Chap. XI* Appendix 0$ See also paragrèpha 1 & 2 o f Article 22» âppôedix A* " . , ■n 1 r-rrir »yguaia •the- Général Assembly authorized the :®pu.fitòeóhi|) Colinoli te eriamine the. te r port, í t müet be. coneidored .as. infonaatlon on, a nött*pelf^gpyexnthg terrif.. ipry under Chapter Xj. o f the. t.¿ÊJÈiiSiè-«?- èneo in this report from those o f the other non^pel f^goyerrAng territo rioe because o f $-ha7$^ó'¡R, o f ̂ Sputh.. Africa, Ahtehdfed to. .adminiQtpr. Sou.thwp.s.t \ • A frica as i f i t wo rè a nudate and has already presented tp the Assembly an - annual--,report--f#-r\ /-î^^itory op thebaoie o f those for the- former •“ mendat$:f,-/■ fhë annual mpo.rt;.waa,..fpinid. .inadequate, in. .raany ::w0ya:,,.,for..1the ,.• Trusteeship Gpunc.i 1 ,hasvdrepi.up.,,fifty- questione. fo.ii.. the. Dpion.of. .South Africa to, answer* In this manner the Union has been Censured and held ; '..... ; " ̂ ..... • - • accountable to. international,.,ori^ ....,...,, . . ____......... Although Chapter XJ o f J t ó é . , i e to he^CUhetde^d 09 beypn$ the scope o f this discussion,*. I t has been neoeesary t,o consider. <^.rte.in,;.pf,.' ■'.- its factor9 WhlC|i are, rather, .impC-rtant when ,international .eccoiinteiMi^ty ! ; ia diacùòéed* Fo-r example.*, trusteeship ■ fo r any o fth e British-., P ^ rg ’h,. Portuguese»; or 35utCb ooloniee, or .for that matter any p#,the npn^eelf- . governing, territories-, of. the. .other colonial ppwera» |a:,npt,;anticipated» ..- but. ̂ inpo.tbey are members, of;.the United. Nations, with the.’.exeeption. of Spain, i t is poppiti©; - fo r questióne to- be asked in .the.General, Assembly ‘ and its appropriate epfitóttceÁ Oh the fulfillm ent in the se territo ries o f the ;decíñratlpA.-^Iâ A l ^ In-Ohápter -òf the Charter#;.-: 12 1 .Beo suora» Ohap» ìli.,.; 2 See Art ie leo ?4 & 75, Appendix 0* ; _ . Because, ̂ f; the mo r?^^ wpjrld Qptolón which hae ̂W into exiotence ■ nót .only ;thè . ttvsteèehip system. but Ohapter XJ -as . «e l 1, thè British;, French* and Butéh have ehehJlaimoheC c.oippreheneivò. plane for. " ?' v i.........." ! "' : i '....... " ' - reorganizing t|»eir linee» . .thUst. nraefeinery juch,... as found in J ^ . .e ^ e r ? colonial power? to’ igake:creditable i f not outstanding records in colonial adm ini's t rat ion*: ■ 1 For information concerning the reorganizing o f colonial empirie see* Vernon McKay* ‘'Empires in 'Transition ^ B r i t i s h * French, and butc.h Colonial Flans-»" .Foreign Policy Reports« X III ■('Kay I.» 1?47).* pa* 5^^T* ■ : '̂ GHAETBR\ I? ' I - _ r ■ •■- ■ ' •.:• . . :ÂrSUMIMRï: ?A1S]D::Q;®©LUS IGNite“̂ fhe .̂ r̂jâ̂ îirîiÇî'ii EJô.dsitn .adoption: o f :$$©*_.íigjd¿^d,.|^ . These ;;i^r;e^e^eht|> ere in ' parti the resu lt o f '. both ;;thâ; ífucei|sfée , &®à.. Jfeiluree p f . ^ötiöÄi,. ' The principles underlying thé «andate ays tea wsreloftyenQaj but ; there were rnapy w|^kmà|jsé ̂ in thè-, jc>àÇ. -.̂ âïé,, in pèTfç;rrâ ancee/..9(hôirt- iaprpyé .:$t9&d£rd#..9;f • ' sdoinietràtipn». thè weifape. p f ' thè p£p?il0tionè.^ ...^d^-the_ p rogressé ^ .8pae/:. pf the territories topará. ép if|^pv;é,ípnorrt*,f The Permanent ;%ndaf^^ a ion didré ;gped; |pb That, 'eerlotte|yj-hy;'t^év.:í? ^ ^ | f^ w f| i^ ^ ; '-^ tedicated fey. the sQriop9hP£®,Piih ;. whiph they regarded, thè dispussipn o f thpir. em pii repprto.by the Gpœraip̂ aipn*,.. .:^rertdelepe»:'. thfv aen^i^-.pystea’ hed. pone. definite.,^ea|cneeseev..,,-. iikewis.e ̂ .herp. yç9.jâjtoa)êô.ê |,j|ç. .ip. ip©.. ■ae;,®.ifhöle, it ,is «iAïl!§î-y-|tjÿir;,,̂ Sv■ î b'-SMâ a of difference; feetweén..thp’ twp Systems: ere aô ....;.._.r.<.i.. -, . There,. ^ a no r . that the..aendatp^ipo^e^c.^ei^v ;t^i5pöneit^t- fer, prompting .the.ndydpc.e^ent pf the people© of mandated areas, toward eelf^government. p.r: independence, while i'S ::dpflnitéiÿ provided in the United Nations Ghartpr for the ; - popwlation .of trust territories» fhue o f thè inhabitante wisre npt Btreseed da jauch, ap those pf thè mandatpr.iesj whereaa in it ie s da hot tend to ovprshadow thè basic objsctivee which -dèSi with thè 2.» Beoause thè Permaftpnt Mandato® Opinai® oion wae» in espèlle® * a eoa* ■ aittee o f thè. League Cpunoll* i t was unable to irope?yiSè olosply thè man-» date a . ado ini e t r è t i pn and., was liaited. aainly io a negative function o f ór ir? ' t ic isa , '. The Tpusteeahlp Ccuneil* a a a prinoipal organr p f thè Unit-ed Nat.ipnp»;,..is... in ; a ppaìtipn ,.tQ;,..d|rèpt...Ì^ ̂ thè... trust .ièrri.tpr|£è...by..p of supervieion over thè administer* ing ..anthpfitièii^,^. .Thiè..:Haa. . i t ..Séme,tpV;ihe, examination of,thè adminisièring authoritiee annual repprtb>(, Since thè Gpa*i8nipn,s... . exaainat|ón wap pf a,, preliaiinary nature » ita rec^fflendatipn.0. and qbserya* tìone to thè mandatè pope re hàd to f ir è t bèapprovèd by thè League Counoil. On. thè th«-.. ,_fp§^i|_. had..thè authprlty^ to carry put ita decièlpns and ita work was reviewed by thè Gèneral Àoèeably oaly upon thè Ootrnc i l ’ a pre senta tipn o f i t e .annusi repprt to. that bpdy.. ,. 5* In pr.dpr to 6if® .thè Trusteeehip Gouncil a fa r apre ©Tfeotive . . attthority than thè advisory capacity p f thè Gonspission» a auph. firmer baeip of Buppprt by govèrnaents was made» Instead o f having thè Council compoaed 21 1 Sée suora» Ohap* I I I » pp, 150*155* 2 See supra». Ohap. I l i , pp. 196*208; See suora» Ohap «('I II* 255*245, ©f impartial and, independent .e^erts apppinted for. their teçhnical and ©y» pertîv .^vernmppta ©ô was. the, oas© und©r the mandaté ©y stem * the, Oouncil ta çomposed o f member statee,with the delegótes ' ■' ‘ ' ' * ' ï "■ r " ;a" ....... ".’ being tpe O ffic ia l aember appolntéd by thoe© States* In.thiB manner the Oouncil ©ble. tp. perfora ite f ^ b i p n s api©, rea lietioa lly than did the Coami© ©|pn, for':, th©. représentatives o f . tb?©. Oouncil. .hay©, th© baPMng P f and represent the, power o f their member gpvernàents* Howeyéry under the trus* teeship ©ÿéteœ» it_ is ráth.er questionáble i f the teehniçal ..an̂ d expert ;, ■qualificatipne;;, ©f the repreeentativea w ill be o f as gréat ;a va Tue a s they were undér the. trustepship aystem» for their expert opinion© may» op. oçsçay .. ©ion* be everriden by the v ita l interests o f the state which they represent* „ A » The. Gommi8©ion. .^aas séyerly handicapped* eop.0pia.Il5r during it s : f i r s t few year© o f operations.», .beçause had véry fpw instruction© as to i t s method, o f . york*.,, Rules o f prpcedure. had to be „ drayn ,np>;iquestionhéires had to be formúlated, petitipning procederes and,thé eye®ihatipn o f annual. reports had te», bë. jrorked P.ftt.»:. and other innnmersble dévie©©, and procederes had tp be arranged*. Thia work wasploneçring in «etureand wa© unques*» tiQnáhiÿ.b©mfipîal^■tç..•thén:t^st©©©hip...syStë3S..'¿#|Wé^■;Sí/iárgé'^d:3prity„of i t wa© "incorporated in.ih©, $j^©b©ë©h.i$,( ̂As a. resplt, t.he,;Gp í̂hpii,; î©;, ip , .a , .p > p h .^ f©yprçble^ the oui» .set thai4twa©; thë„G;pJMi9©ipn,.,,^ mandât©©,*, Thowgh maï ;̂ o f the powers and functions o f the Trastee©hip Oouncil f l 8 are similar te thpee o f . the moot, part., y%hey, éhow; 4©*,. finit#;, improvement oyer the ,latte?.*.. by the Gotmc i l were very, elaborate in comparison to these used by the Commission. ..The Counoil i s .empowered tp ..receive petitions directly from . the, inhabitanta o f the trust territories which was. not the .case, under the. • mandats .system*^ The right..of. -a, previously written pe*. t i t ion is also granted 4'sHh. the. inhabitants* the mandate system, . which has been, remedied unde? the trusteeship, system» was t.he Goffimiaaion’ a lack o f authority to copduot investigations in the mandates* , On the. other h and the Trustee ship Council has already made use o f. i t s righ t tp, conduct. v is ite in,the; trust.„^rritprie#* . Since the Oommission had to rely, so ;hesvily c©,; printed,^dosup^nts*;. i t j ^ e :_oftentimes, unable tO,oaké;;the. ..necessary rSh^mmendatlons to the, administering puthe?.* itieo ; therefore* its. e ffo rts to protect the rights and. to, safeguard the V " ■ ' ’ 'v '• - .' ■ ■ • ■ •$- • inter esta of the indigenous inhabitants were greptly. .hankered*; 6* ihe,mp?Oljt r i ls | ^ .thei:two,,Byat.ems,.a.re: th e .m ilita?^ Under, the. mandiats system,the mandates. we?e. exr eluded from, the sp here, g f .strategy, w-hereàs, the trusteeship:;system enyioy . ages the trust territories a s . having a def inite role in. thé ..world ̂security System* . The adminiotering açthorities can use the local, m ilitia not only for local purposes* as was the case under the mandate system, but also J' ! :> 1 See supra* Chap* I I I , pp» ê&fasêt*, 2 See Supra> Ohap. I l l * pp* 261*266* .̂ î Vv:o.5̂ jp the Pacif ic island,sv « The United St#tee, wanted to make. sure. that., the. forme r Japanese mandated island# never again would become a 4#^§jiV,p#i#t. t£';#ur. #edarity;':iy#ie#!'j therefore» they were. # relight .ipta. pur security syeteia in ; the,.Joi^a. ,of m ,, strategic . trustee­ ship,. ., B#t ,# t the. S#n Francisco .Conference and., also., prior tp , the approval d f . the. etrategic. .agreemant^ t^.|^t®d,,^|at#e * talce it, o r . leave i t .baai#,;. and that, 4£, *& . m - strategic; trusteeship were not acceptable» the area would not be placed l ' ; See ju £ ^ f Ghap>; i l l » pm . 17?t177a . t à s d e r T h ^ : ^ not© o f .còmpi^Bioà tfiaé eyidènt which tended - ; .... " -. ' " . ' ( ’■ '. f i.; ’ to itlóièfc :oa,. ti»-. tfaited SMte;s.1̂U0̂^aÌxij)'. :polÌpy:*M,,MM ; ;v,5skè; by thè Uhitèd stated' of ita. ¡re^pas^^^i^e#' M- <>f thè, fé ffitpày ó f tM .Pabl^è;;|éI^à0' w ill bè ' ■¡A defin ite .teét ó f Ahather thè aeàtg*|hy r.pq^rpmQbtai - ó f ti© fè irìbpry w ill bè incompatible tfith thè ppiibióal:*; èconoaipi: aópiai*:.and edaentibn* Mal adTi^cQtìiBnt ó f thè |à)^bltidtt#:t. In thè f i f et pl&òó*. Uh|tèd Statea; •etÈ&tegiò trtì3teo3hip cóvóired a l l th© formar Japàaeee ©andàtèd islanda* • Why' pould ì t dot hàyè óórefèd ¿tipi a fèw p f $hó tàiandó w|th thè pthera adndnlstèred under - %ièi;;&òn*Hatfàtégtó. truatóeéhìp? . A ft ì àie 8f|. ó f thè : ; ' . 2 V v • O i^tafvpi^yldài- fò r |tì|t oueha cpntingenpjr* I f tha Ùnltpd States had fòllòwpd stiòh a, procedure, Ita truat ppliòy would lìke ly bp hridór .ioèe • f lr e fftìm dissatiaflod aources*. fhere bea. aldo. béén a graat doni ó f . ópnóa.fn'Àh^ to fh© application. ó f t ^ pppviaipnè fptnd in A ftiè le 8? and $8 o f thè Charter.*;. Whether thè United States tirili perait pafipdlp. yiaita: to th© la lande; éndèr thè otrategió' tjc'natpoahi’p là P7& ^piBsply' to thè proper f^ption l^S o f the truateoship sysiam«;. 5&y .Ìtìatanco, th© United State© haa already ploapà onf afea for aapurity reasons«. Insurance irne* hpweyér» baèn givèn.that thè wolfàre ó f thè in - habltfffitaMéf. .% li^tóh A te li ti 111 bp pafeguarded* ' In ©thè** «orde» thè osamining of peiitionà»., thè sending o f annuaì répórta bapèd on ' thè *2 '■|: Fcte. bapl^f ottfld matérial se© ausfa>- Ohapv XI , pp* 78*582? Sèe aleo suora« Chap» I H , p* léh* . . ......... 2 Sèe Arti ole 82*' Appendi*. 0* po litica i, .éCòàomÌQ* scoiali ànd educational adtfàacàiaént of ih©\ Jfofeafe# ■ itàntà o f 'fh©:; trust and jtèrtàlning io th© basid ©bjeciivóé. oi^bh© tritói&©ahlp àyjfbàn» appi#* àTè like.wiSó Irpòtianb b©òàu&à th© iiihabitaàt© à i Enitiàtòle : Abolì b®#® bpea inòytìd t© .©thè?' ia làn àé in ih© darólinè gjèóvtpj and ab thc pràsent iSSà. &%■$& isàthèr diffiCtìlii bà;bél|;àrh©bh©r •ii&if' . . ■ ' ' : . '. I ' . .- • . .. . - bàci bi©h©9 :Mv©: beCa loofcod a-ft©*:* fhs.f# w ill ■ undoubtodly b© addlbìow' ©1 :% ìfà j^^o^ ,,oà ih© matièr wboa thè f i i s t ai^ija.i 'ì’opoit fpom .ih©. ©irà* ■ 16è(|Silk'# '̂ é' ‘ ......... . %> |bà ¿^dab© vffim k was .1̂ 88 oa a: ineàm o f jiifioiaiag th© d©#©|òpineBb ©f tcreibori©# tìpddr .;ibà 0®Nm ■ là còntfaàb, ih©.; tpasteeohip syabàm &10 ©oug&b to bring about £■■■. nb#C ©h©rgeii© and ààb#pi:ìà$ns:, use. by ih©: ad i^ ia te rih g authorit# ©f/dià o«a dgj®.rb«ódti© 0 for b b © v # to id ià l deyèlopmanb. o f à ■ barritory ■ under ita. bopbfol^' A© a rèault* ih© bi^#:;^8#bd|i. ©yatcìn. haà: nói oyèrlocked ih© internai d#?»lóp* . M^ni4\ o f .thè tpust b0rr.it©ifi©©-;at., ih©. ©Jcpèh's©' o f thè:;outEtóded pondóp* i tion ©,f thè !*opan door” which tèndèd bo: isolate th© «andate.© fpom th© ', ;■ r ;.; . , .......' " " a - • ' ■ ■ ■ ■■■■ • probi©« o f ppcsaér.cìal p0l|ciy. in gsnèrai* .■; • ~ \:h Thèrà ia a groàb ,dèai. o f diff©r©no© betweea bh© «andai©. obarbara and ■brndbàéahip: agreeiaenbibì:. ■ This wa© 1© pari due tp bh© lacfc o f iehgth *12 . .. • ■ 1 Sé© ipti'ól.es 76 9 87 & 88* Appèndi* 0-. Se© a l so ̂ Sécurlty. Sounoìl Officiai. ,:Bè’iàà.-rdfe.3©oond- Yaarv S-uopÌeiaenb,Nol 20 ».: Unitad Habiona: Boc* .. 3/615» 15*7» pi* 169-171,' . » - -y .-. , . *•“ ' • . , 2 Sé© suprà« Ohap. 1H& pp» 175yl77*. 4̂ ' -1- " p i and détail; e i1 the provisions fbtad . in -A rtic le 22 ô;f tho Covenant päriaoh 'With:'ihese found in Chapters XI.I and X ïïî o f the fhàf h é f tof/: ih#- provisions o f thé sapements and -tìmrtéfé; .are. défini fions, o f thé •. i¿sané# in which the: principled' la id down. in^á#tÍ0lé 22 ähd Öhaptens: -Xïï and X llf and-'io. bp applied •*’ $ÿ Wêy o f e o ap^ i soh Afticle:. 22 ip- éôm% prised o f .óÓGi|Ly-_ . !jg8̂p̂£®̂ffc|?fea3..tiiiilüi#- -î baS' trasteé Ship-. prowisions o f the Ohartérebnaìst' o f -Äftibiee ?5 thfopgh 91 inclusive; iheréíoíe¿ i t is .. >1 • • • - . ' . ■ no wonder that thé tfustséSMp agreements' »eré á definito, 'i&proveoènt ■ ; r ' ; ; 1 ‘ over thè Andate- ffpr instancej^ ìe trusteeship-'4|p*èeméhv3 .provide; for..greater natilo parMö;|pati<*t in thé trust i0rite#|eô. and. aleé have muoh ' fürthsr advanced pfoviaionç. pertaining to ' native éducation ■ than those fo ^d :.io thè mandaté phafi^rS;*-. IleVéf thôléSff the/ mandato ; ■ ■ éh a f^ rS did iprövidp; -moré' information, panceraing thp dipîQçgitib, ̂ bon* sùlar protection o f the native inhabitants o f the mandates.' àp well 4P to V .... , . . - , 2 ’ ' / ' '' ih e if a letas o f 4it|á4hbhipí¿:. . . . .. ~ .. ' io*. .Aaoth# point o f d i m in the e f e laest* fibatibh o f territories voider the tue .erstens.« fhé trusteeship system , avoided the r ig id ,©|aseif$b4't&oa o f territofie.s: into “A" $> I’sf*, and '*c^ • / V *1 Categories- as: provided -:.for-' by the league mandate. ayéte®* . ¡Thus the’ ffeue* tee ship. System has. an e lastic ity whiqh the mandaté System definitely *2 ■ I- déé eufrra*- Shap* .331» p», t$ % Spe also supra» Çhapi- î î l . p * Î4fit 2 Sep éapray' Chap* 111$. n%> 1. & 2 .p*» 6$i - See also suora. Chap* 111$ ' . . ‘ > ■ ■ ....: : : « . .• that* betaue.© ,of::ìha: ^e'&t-./diveÿ'aifyv bei^èan • each of the trust fé* sin agrééniënt $©stii^h©ö:i& o f thè .territory rathb^ tbiai an. a rt i* . i ^ . f f l ^ i i ^ l f . . : ;-il ç̂#3̂ î s|rv̂ i»â̂ &e found «jado? the mándate eíyétéia*. fhe*© Í 0*■ however* .proyialon foi* two diablhpiv typä$r$£ trust t^rritorle© btrt ih©::. d lébihéii© » eéPtriiy cpüátáefatioaa í there*? " , ’- . ’ I ■ ' ’ • :fófp>j,-:tfea.'. iérmá. m é^ èW $ ^ 0 ^ 'Mf>.. Jt|!p^pfi&4ö%;; ' ' - - . .' il;.*"': The mandaté ayebeto wsta defin itely weft:*eh¡©d by thè i^ la r a - te •• pjríc>.V:í.áó:: for-, thè-: pì&QÌng o f additional that . \ ¡I , ■ j system* ÄithGWgb Af t lc iö 32'.,©f ih© Co vöoaat ¿adé an attàffipt. .tp.' leave ■ ih© way «péô,.f©ikiha.:p^^ other hoh^ôôlf^gôyétnîng territoriea under thè: manda té ©yets&j,, .there.were no wall feaa&èd 'pfévisicHàe- Hie© those ‘ /" r "■ % ' : -.•■ , • K ' foMjod ó f thè Charter*:. Beoaviseno other territori©© •. war e- • p taped^der the. ayaiein», i t wao, brought ihcroapingly: und©p sùlpiòion»: ■• ■ ■ .f ' ' ' ' ,; ■ 1" . . Even though. the charter •pr©ridè© fop. thè. _ yoluàtery p laò ln go f other -tapfitöfI©#: ujader tho. ^dptá©3hí|>. ayétéiaj ..the. ©nly territòri©.©. thus f&£ ■ p|©e©d' t®der thè. áyg,t©ni ar© the., forme? mandates '■ ■^ iéh ,.B© ^ï^ t i ^ ï é é f i i y Ih th©; hand©. o f fismet man* datory. ©tatea ové* .fq*¿j©? mandated b©frltoryr with the exception o f thé, • . Uni ted S tatos Strategie tritóta©9.hip p;vér th© Japanese mandated island©* I f , thar© If;- .a 0‘oötintfötion of ifciô . po||éyÿ, the trhôteéefcip system w ill i, * . . . . , . ht i jw : ■ l ; Baa, .auy>r©* :.Qhapfc.IÍI*.,. :pp:*,,i6C»l$te -i. Z See àuggsu Chap» III*, pp» 153*.Í55». ■'■*'. ;?"... 4. • ‘ • • é t t *Z 9 t g t x f I ■ ' .j, ■ tf-' ■' !-i.V'!', ö t n e © ^ S i g e f - q ^ r y e q q - x o ^ . c ï d t q ^ g , * q c U 3 a • 5 ' P q á • f i g u r e ; ; : e e ó ñ .á0^'-i0 0 ^ P f 0 el̂ :‘ S S t t i t P e s p e ^ f o d á B - © ¿ 15■ g © t * g q t * x o q q a r u q ^ } % o # ^ 9 w ö d • & $ # ¿ M M t eeú ó% . -m w m m v t m t x m '%% © ^ ¿ p Ç o n p ^ î d © q n f / j 3 © : % í $ J ó - * © o í ó © : © q q e t . ó á g q i # t ó é q e i 5 0 ! ä f ^ S P q s t t J f t - © i n ¿ g p i ü r i , p è p q f i î • . * * f t P i * ° f â P ^ ö « q ^ ' - ^ i < n | J ä © q © q q ¿ P ; © ó o © j p . ■ «q¿rgd tí? ''q&hî ::wk '̂pgq f̂AetTB^q qqSiui a q tq ^ q f •• • •w - • :■ ; ; ¿ ; ; ' : ' : í ; :' :v ' ' ' - ^ • • •. ■ ■"' ’ . ' ,■■■: i ; :. • qqiücq ifeaopqppB t o Sapeqôjèqq jo /ìqpìjqTeèod ecn Swaeptrpq' pEqPöJ® ■ ■ / © $ $ * í V ¡ t o s / q q q j . ö j ’ q Q a : © | ä Q i i 5 x © . © q q : q u ^ p t a G ö p i ö q p a j ö q ^ p t r ^ e / t ö S g j f Ö i p d ö w ; i t è t s q # s s e e f i j & d q o r p q i * S 4 . © / 4 0 < Î ’ q q q - Q s t V ' * i n © q e ^6 S M Í - . j o p t m £¿0%%¿¿&i e q q e e o B x d b o ? J J ? ' % q n o : & - q © q q ; 00 8 ;o q ^ t ¿ o q q r v s ; , J P S f p ’ P i - . ' P f f ;$0 • ■ © s n j ö o e q q p - © ò c l g t i e p ' X p r i p i t n ,0% / i n ö p e i t e . -í I ' : p x i : e ' G ^ . q . . e !T W ¿ n . ■ '-. - © t í q J Q t i o p q p í g d © ö q % t n t » p P i J f t q ^ s e p p . © & © q p j q » s e | 4 q t m P 0 P S P t j q j ö q * r e . d ^ | ö P Æ ô ü ô p w ë q . g , o q • ■ x p x t * : © g ¡ p ^ . . e p p ■ • t p i Ä ~&ä&' ® ò ® t ^ :f l ; v t j . t * $ 0Ü l ■ - •.••.^gtt-j! -̂ qf.vqpq 'ptöTtiß ©q% «¿¿-.©iqpqj? /q gtrr?q! ' - ' * m © q â j î q d t q 8 © © q e n n ~ e q % ¿ © p e r t - . e i ^ î j y q e J M q P P $ J ° ^ Æ ô q p j t i è q •■' gqq ©àexd oq- e.mipBj ■■e:;,eép.i)p ' qqrtP-5 ■ ¿ & ’ ■'«0't1“n : <ï 0 gett?8q©q qqii.8 ôqq Pô: peoepdl îBôpéq. 'ép. EfGqoiî© d?ita©g^;aq:':Ptn ‘ *# ^ V q wPS:C)̂ Pt# %$ r - : . • ■ ■ ■ • ; . ^ # S | q # s j f d © q p j o © t a o . © : oâoj 4 t p o q q n © p a n }• ädßi n3¿.8ise¿.lag,. authority ■. Over . onö. o f ih©. tartos* Italian- , ooldniòs is hot , , t ' i " ' ’ . ;; yét out d i the quation*. Aleó the outran Of the Ita lian colonial do»* brevetey .-ijEsy bavé ft sbfong intiuenéo. en the äetbietosnt ©fiase . la i issues which are.. bound .to: ápiée when thè: Japan©©©. panhiö, .ö©til©m©nt , l a . Gonöludadfe, , In, thi© .¡câàâ Ghiha¿¡. ftussta, ■ or ©vëh Japan eight bédoto© \ . • ■ ■ ' - r ' ‘ " V - '■'■ ß , adto|nisbaylng/áy^^ ¿©panes©. ' any ©f ih©.©©- pp^fàOI«ippgi. adärinistaflng.;^^ system w ill not ©o ítkély.- h©. ©Píilelzéd, toónos© ó»ly córtain privileged nations ace ...plaqsd in. áirfchr oíty öv©r áreas débadhôd f f ©a ©n©my .©iat©$ M. b©©àtìè©\ ó f foPl|t;,Wái’'. Perhaps i f (fermany had besa periätisd to act . ©a a mandatory , oven. ©né or mòre, o f fes* .©oleinies. dotachei because of . World Waf. i*.t&©.tos»d©i% fears': boon .toere. favorably aocnpt* ©hi©. tp;..thô: ^Op|d* v. \ . ., . . Í2* ■ Bnd©$?, the. to ándate ayaté®?' there was: no ' pritoriSionfa^ : the &$#■ aánia^Stion o f a mandât©- other ' than by. ©• single .adontò.toping'- power'»; -' w ith . the- ß ö ^ ig ib le 1 and debatible/ ©xoeptiön All^odßh. - the C^toápáhi did not piovid© :for the Joint/ administ^ntiohíóf. d ma^d%t©» AdstTalidf $ew ■ Zealand and the :%Ited kingdom aOtS-d .oh: héhalf and/ w©p© . f^Spóh^lbis to. the .British Smpird.: a.e ih© mandatory.. fòr Edufur Ths ■ 0hàibô®*,ità thé-. Other hend¿ oléar.ly P©è©gaises. the.’need. for a wider In * ■ t©rp#-©^tion iof .ib®; ndœinid%rîïig authority: by providing that ‘’the • ' 1 See Onora«. Shaft* I I *. pp« 127*152* v..w Z: Soo gupra«. Öhäp*; I l y to* I & % p> i l î è # afeia'iàtòring auihofity mâ ' b© óhè or iaor© aiate© òr .'thè organizàtian : . 1 ... ' . ...... . V. “ ' ' ' , . .. ..., . . . i ia e l f * * - . . v!;' v ■ v’p ■ ; : ' ■/'■ ■ ih©rè:.havè noi bèon any tihisiéoShips èith àof ©, ìhah òhe . ©tàbè Sé-' thè. .à^tì^fe^è'Ìóg" aoìhority nor '̂, Kay# any* territòri.©© bòWt ■ pia.òéd tìùperyisioa ò f ' ÌB©i; ̂ ^ tpeeh tp Soiàiòi 1 in iti© fò ia of ■©., Uhited Natión3 (^ (^ ià ^ t ip n l^tóteóabip# Bui dd© to' ih©; di©«*' kgtàémént over Wbo .ehouid tè tiitiai©©© fòi*: th èS -fó0 ^ r: ita liàn òò iònie© ̂ :lii^Ì7ÌÌìàai. ^%tè©.©h'ip!.fo^ thè.©© area©:. i a :;o\iÌ o f .thè ’¡^ è t iò n * témpP?f? ■ d fiìy a i i©aai? thè© lòavihg 'thè' way open fòr òthór typo.a^o.i“ adminìe# ièjriàg ' " I fitó.ai of ii©è©.;^ÌÈtis: dfcìòh t&vd bòen di'ètìuaòèd ript ©¿iy ténd t© show that tfeerò t#fè defÌnìtó «teaióiepèés in th© ?^diÉÌk.:syèÌèfe'‘:̂ Ì ih a i thè; tièw ©yàtea. is an. attempi io remedy thadé.. wea&néeaèei, -'ito®»© wè,r©:j,. hò$©y©r;£: other' d if f ìò à lt i93 in th© ¿^dàt© éyatea wibich M'/©;. hofòiofare* nòt b^n..,donóidf^èd ' ' ày* ; 1̂6/ ih© ' truoi©©.» ©hip aysienu Antonr. ih®.©é soni© of ih©' .raiatakoB. thai ih©; .aanèètòlijlèè inad© àur ing ihé eariy yoar© ©f ih©ir mandrie àdtaìni©- tration*; '- 'QÌ^p^SDiaè: . lièi#'«*- appointed, ©uoh ae dèapiilièift;. èèi4lè^.#( to f i l i ih© posttiQnàyacated by ih© Qasaà&n ad# ' 'l ffeere- ttàs a|so: an .interruptiòn 'in th© .eoiehtific x;é©e©rch ■*fhièh tìa© Caifrìòd oh by barman ©Spòrta òf tropical industiìe’B: and ègri# 'V " a ' % /'Por -.a disóuèaióh o f ih© di£ièr©nt iy^©© o f adàinistoring auihor# It le a « ee>© suora « gb-ap», I I I » n» 1 p» 149» a ilander, - oh t e li » , p. 728» ihâtthsn. too Wsè f S 0 0 ^ M;j$&$l£%, .f|;|s. .aó îfistablQ:. feat fesvóxiátlng ^ b e o i iia. thS: .. pfedUdfeêf.1 ^ 1 ^ |^t^RÉbl#ô^ï $Ítfi*ltt$:3;i (jealousies* erMt.:fett$ìettl& -■ trusteeship :sÿafep^:fe upon to operate in a. «sf§jt rotti, sore ideelögies and divergent; p o ll tic»fe.. and eSottomìc ayeisé^#/'. Under oucfr ponditióttS fe è measure of general a^Ofiaónt. aëceS** ëâry ifcrtd ■^e. euéiÈQse'ioi' -ittfe l^ iloaá l e©apsratim .fe fea f i e l4 o f . trûsfeëtôhlp is. made; P í í . feé moré diffie&ttí; ^ P s fe e ;. é fe fe ífed aptiptt»: át least for fee preeeéfe .will b.e Suberdfeatéd to fee aepairtieii intere áte and. ttSi^reiieae ó f v t ^ ^ i é r '- l ^ e r á t ■ " - :'\ ■ fhfe ,M ;:ÿëJ^étsiar;Jy true $ü. relation té |n r 0 n a Whole.*,. Äue.sia boycòtte.d the . frust^|^|p.î?étÉéil for eilgHtly' ever .a year* end feewgP participating : In the qoUnöii’ s .aeèSÎé*#. has not withdrawn. Ita, otorgo •fest fes> i l l e s i * . Likewise she- declared ; -:} ’ ’’ . . •: that since fee. fevw ^s& ii* were, i n e r i i feo m ie tee ship- ■ / i - : •Comèdi «eè. nòt legally: fofaad* .Such an. 'OttitudS-fy- one o f the perms* sent rnetesere-. o f ths Trustees^ip Qeùneiì i e bomd to. be b o x fu l to. fe e . èrgeô^tfeM®% ?he fu ll cooperation -of-fee aowiet üniott lé na:éè'#?àry In order fe>;.’obfeltt, s,,r£raro.eamplefe world. sattotien :of: the. tfeefeoaiíp systems ildesie. end piafpesee:*;. I t mUst- be rámafeeped,,. fe rv e r * fest feo wé rM '•" 1 ' ' ■ '' ■'* t $ ® w ,g g g t has i?6rld Waf: II. :.by only four ;y8&r0j:. 'thef0forp-j; It ia t© ‘Will: b©: an it ^ d ia t a ironing Out Of ■ tij|p. w i l l t e l! whether tee truetoosM pv^ w ill -• -»giitgofe national \ riv&iri©0 • feero abafpiy than did fhe tpndats- eyetejn*;' . . _ ' .|ni . . . •. - .X Shit ia- a t i l l haedod'.is. da a f f l ic t iv e : continuous Oollabpratim be* tWeea ■i&tSrCsiai---M- and progress O f 'C . ' particular fSgioa. . Hlrtiony between SH© Trusteeship QoUnoil and tft© .ad* ministering. authorities :($$&&.. contiiyi© in ©#der, £$£,' WUatoeshlp Cys* tom % achiCv© results;*' .Thus;. succeed or fa ilure wil l d©* pond to' a i©£^v©?ctPiv| on the rSadinaaS o f the. .MnfcSf govormoato to eU&#fiaaiS tbSif:. t interests:. to- the supreme ioag*teira -ititOfOat©:of .the;Into#;U^tioU^i .tfct&teSship ;.. .r . ; Th© pany ldop*holes}..therefore* the value o f trust* eSShl^ p i l l depend, on how i t la used which» .of course*.; i-e truO ®£ the . it • .. . . :. .entire.;.'Oh&rt̂ ̂ Ctao o:fj. %%&; &aZ$t fch# 'W&&. ia the exaggeratod- natiohalisa which has thes-war^ fferorthelsas i f the atlfhin o f the: pootfpar readjustment pan be'. oy§|fr; cope?; the ;trUat©scbfp,. Uyotom con make a,^o,p.t contribution to the promo*. tlon of '-ihi^fnational C&op©ratl:on and t^dof standing», . . The United Natic«ia;: Organisation io responsible for promoting “r s * spset for human i^ghta^and- fof. fundamental. freedoms for a i l Without . - . • :' , "•............. . "• 1 1 distinction, a© tô fac©»;:-©©?̂ . Isa0 * 0 + . or̂ roligitiftiŝ : it is not so ©hay f: - . :̂ i; v: -1 Sc© paragraph 3*; .Aftiptui$ti©© for the ©i&nbm|©£. .ee©iaj£ ©nd. po litica l development of the. ¿©pendent pa©p;l©©i. toward' ’.their. fu ll participation in tbs family. o f .nations, .than , they .'bby© ever ted; bef©te.t.A®.a .re©ult, i t . i s , o f .utmost importance to th© Xfe||ted Itetiene that the Trusteeahip Sounoil continue tp work . smoothly and éffëctiyeiy .and., dien.hàrgé.. i ta ftaietioné and. e'xefcieb: its powers ,|n ©ecordeno© :w|tb the sp ir it and, the baeio ob^eotiyes o f the trusteeship,©yete&io,:.' . tike a l l new institntiona thé. t^ufltee.a.Mp system, Will. bo oenfï*ônted with ' i n ë s f i ^ - r 3 t J L _ ÿ -undoubtedly© b© à.nuttô>er .of iesaons to . . , . ......... . i •■'; • . V be ieafned .firet. s^esicn^.end thfèngh thé\ year,s thee^ ¿©proved* ...£©o&U8©,.; tterev if .he., fina l . aolution to great social, .problem ̂ there1 ©an only be kdj^.ta$a-t©. in the- direction of a final valid ¿1%.. and. these adjustniént©. ratal taiga, .into.. account thé- verted- ' ■ inte/tb#: preblfb^, The oehti«ned success Of the, frnptee ship 0ystea., 8 work should also ..be based1., upon a ‘careful, <^a©ider©*ion. of ©©oh legal and benetltutional. problems, whl©h . X lf .p IÎ . d f By pureufng such a, •. policy, assurance w ill W iiadè. that-the trusteeship aystemdoee not play the fÿytà- re i I âavâiâ the naïui&te eyetam», «bici? wòu|<ì fee- ^|ióà4 awioäna* ^■¡$a§|ÿ'1t® ' • : '. t&e: ■ :&t- %ha%- :^Sj^aéi i ' : ^ ■;. #|3̂ fc|i|ri, ■ thé:-.. *$$àt$yà!Ì ■tbie'^Ìis%' &--'$i&$t&;fc'' .öf tfeé'rô ié ’ gonèïai agc’òéàsétttj tha^ iti fä&&-.:#£- th® âpécifiçf òoapaiiéana wbi&h' h^p:.bfôâ;;igss^%. the: trustée* #i.|> ayh tem represent à ,a, ¡rathè.-r aarMti improveméiit' '.ove* the teníate ■!0ÿ#$gçi' öf- thè IléâgUe o® llÊtfiçÉgtÿ' ' SlBláOQRAPffl Bööks- ' R.aileÿV îhoiaaa A*^-A:.Mipíó>a&tifr History of,;t h ë American..fepplav f>rd öd. .■ toT' Íki 1 ......V ; "r ■•••■•■' • J ï£..4..7..* '. ■ -.-y.-rr; ßfty SiÄnß^d#: Üooàroxs Wilàbfr fflad .World Settlement« f vois,** Ópii|rtít̂ íñ, ; Basôéttj ,#ûfcm, Sppncerÿ $hèu.I»eagire>.^^ ̂ New ?ork? Longààqrïp, Srèon Bï'anüÿ :âfc îlf, ífoa Oxf&rdî Thè Qìèjfrendoà Prâàô* ■“ *«.-■' ■"■ : .... r ™ - ; : " - . . ,.■ •... ; : Ruoli, Raymond Loollé« ,3U Now Xorkf fN&teb* Éa|i# ÂicMbaÎd, Saat...&£Sr&m.,fe.̂ ,Ik»iiiniòn.: ikbdoni " H*. E* & I jö fo ' '•‘;: ... : . '< ! - - - ' ' • ' • . . * ' ‘ • '*■■' . . . • ■ ;’ - G*pwé* 3* N** indoli* _ , , . , ..................... ; . . , ' - :} , öa?la.» Holán. Mille*'*: FanwiôkV ®ÏÉ :̂|©.a Jti^jrnatimàl,! Laft» 2nd p.d,j. ïorki Appi©ton rr: OpTi* , tuiy Qa, ' r ;' '"? . • ;■ .,. tlaternatioáal. Ja«« Jçd «d ,* Applniön ¿ Cpntjn^^pfta* ■ ''••!aC:«.J|. .19484-.’’ r ' .. . . ,.i.'. Hailnvy Stirène 3.%;, Boonaontary ^é^b'ook .ói1 Loà Angeles}; (lente? . îç t • í^ 7 ¿ " " T ' ' . 8;f*. íí|nd;e?, Lindan A*;,; .and Engl©-*- K^bhanafl H;** lîM o n Want., jfoafeëâ .^e.. M, agAa^a^p£.-.WôiiA. Order« Nèw Xork* 1$.© J®èd®Îpan' ■ • ’■'-”■![ ' \’l;.;.' Sá¿W&a#% QiÿdP P*, dápan*© Paólf i,© Mandaté. Ne# The Macmillan igfTrtMmirwws Hoïeoôbéj Arthur Ñ* Dependent . Areas in ,tfaé J^àt^Wgr .:Werìdi. B&atanl Báéjge _Foundation,. i p k l i 'T:'/?'V." •■ VVr̂ rv̂ TiJ.. , BdVaT'd,; $bo«. Cóòr'g«: 3t©í¡reáé $»Sdas ì?td%.; BostòM '. P e a d f , ■ .<•,, '. londoh« ""■&,$■§ ij’eùhdâtloa o f JfodOrn ̂ florl^: .Society». £nd 0 * . i Stanford? . .îtàSÉôiid' ’.'’-I”''’, V"’:--'- "’" * . 7 " = • • . Maraalithw ■ &ùtbti Bali^orá:*;- She John Hopkins Presa,- 1950»; . Ñ0$v$¡¿. Öer^e . f Handbóók. o f the league .'of.HatléPèV Boston? • ' World •f" .T ..T’'.T‘T- . ;i , . Hoon,: Parler Æhéâàftg. MpQflâliam.jand.^ York* Shé ' ©.r. Wiifdn^ F3.orënç?ô,. b̂iet. -ö̂ . ,;̂ ng,- ■ _ Covenant» tondoa*. The 7 v 77 ,'^v"777'7^7T' y~J ';y ^ _ * 7\';-; , . ..■■•;-'j ..• Wrigb%:; Qtt2Adjr>. - | g â i ^ 3 U a . i à 4 i à ; Obiódgd' t ■öligr ■ ‘' ' ' 7 7 ..."’7 -T'"'*”- v̂ - *ï̂ f A» a**' %pm- met: w m ^ m m Aaeo, H ortort &*j. _ % « York» The o f •9?*; Matloae». Sodtoni;‘ foimda4iim-i. y > m * ■ ,r o w ? i • 1927. Washington* Foundation Fdbllahare Inc*» 19^2* ' W MaMatea;.and.Empire-, lioncbn* . British Ltd*, j f • . q? *>?¥?? ■? W;1 ■ t M m & t Jane* “She Bptehtial AdTajitagQ of. the: Mandate ByebOja*“ fffeev.,,&rffi&ls ef# . • !' ■ fistas- on f^fnetdeehie# .ffialtefl 1 iPOY r* .Ft' &%• • ; 'r Bdiley, -H’,: K*| rt0dp®nd#n;ti area« o f the Faotfl^ - An AuBtfallari View,0 Foroiaft A ffa lra . XHV {A p r il» 19461» pp»: 49fr*512.» Batsell, Walter R*, f’J^OiYsati.an- Regarding the,i^to'da^..S^a-tQBi-i:1' Inter* national goneiliatlo»« QGXIII (October, 1925), 289-515* Bedell,. J ,, aBati|e over SfruateCahin,:^ Hew, Republic:* 0 0 |ltoyeiabe:f Z% l , 9 ^ ) ; r p j k # : , f ' ■ -, ‘ ' ‘. " T " :” '"M'“'S’\J, Brown,' Marshall .p h i l i p j R p o o g n l t i o n of nal o f International t o , X&IX (July, 1948), pp* 620-627*■■ B.unobe,, R* and Coloftlee*“ .ffetirJitapab;lio:*, 0X7 (0ctoBOP '■•' 2 | * . ': •■'■ -■■: ■-•■—::; , / Ohieh, Itav Ltu,. ^International frusteeahip ■:0yatOia.*l,! • lntO'i^tlona-1 Oon* l d i la t io n . Q.OOXl,yin (February, 1949), PP< 99-105* , ■. •■ ;. !. , _ .; 7- ' :. Granbp3^6,.' VlD$,iEnmt> afhe IfroblOm o f hacjerar d peopiep,” gUtarl&n« - .•'" l ^ l i i (fjdnuary* 1946), i>p* 12*14;* . |v ATi : ......• 0^zoni,V'SQjt-l;j; .0avio>v dohhA^b, tt-0of^:opondOnOa bobween ,H|a ,ii|L|Otty-o Government and the Uni tod Stated Ambassador Re ape 0 ting 'Economic Rights in Mandated Territories,“ International Compilation* OLXVJ (September,, 1921}^ pp*, 2A.r51»'' . ' '/"••'V '/ v'-.', Bdvidaco* J* W*,. '•I’o llt ic a l BeYeldpsent. in Western Samoa,0 Baolfio now 156449« : r ' ; r ' ; ■ — — T- f̂— f - Y i i r r ^ ' r r r n Éaâ#áú0¿̂¿'- 'î̂ feôa Shape,“ Nation. - G&&III: (Heceiaber 7, ' ì , PP* 041*644 # — .'- 2;^ô*..-:Hüthèf' Harfïç,.. $ J^aclg.atiòn.- of.>ii?ö£gi,-.frpia thè ,&nââtô Spätem^ Ayerioan Po litica l Sclonao Ite.vlav/. XXVI (Decomber, 1952),, pp*. . 1 0 2 4 * 1 0 4 9 * ... .:• • - A . finîîeigtèin, ”ïr^tûtèèehip in Aefiöm ■ the Halted Hatlená Mission tó Western Samoa,0' International Òrftànlzàtiorit. II. (June, 19#1* PP* . ':. ' : ' " ' : ; r . , Fraser-, P*j 0 Work*, o f the Tfcüateeèhip Sowacil,’* International Qoncllàà* '■• rinnnv,T.\T T«hÄV Aen- . A A A : / -■ ' "y4 ■ " ■ öör ig , Benlaiâin* aM ; others., -Gol c a la i..Aspects ó f thè. .peat War -Sattle* ■’ ■ OS01«ÎPÇE.X (A pril, 1942),, pp#; ^Iflpàâcè- • o f , thé l^ a tèè sh ìp ,.Syátém»0: The, ânoalgiof» the^Ameflcan :démv o f JEôlitïéal aad ..Soóial .Science. OG.LV :\émV0^y~i 1948)» " * r y -. j' ̂ 0̂ 3Meâ»ié£ii; ■̂ üôp̂ È̂ôaa the San FfànoiecD Gonfer* ■ éndé»0' Serle». XX3SX (October# 1945), pp* .... ........ . . .............................. - ' ■ ..r;......ii?rtB\>¿1aáéab:.i'p- and the feíon lai System#'1. iggtf^ed;^^:v:0.f ::;th ;̂..'ii6acte '̂. :. og..FOlltÍGaXy:,SÓ-iefície:y' XXII Gordon# J* K«#.^;|diberaiiiÄ biiaitédY^Mailoi^., GLXV: (November 8, 1947),, p# 5 ^ ' ' ' ■' " 'i'■V'■Vri" ;"?'' ” ' ' ' Halé, Jaimes 0.* j- 7 Th© Grèâtion and Application of tbe. Mandate System#’ ! ;Tbe;.-èroti^,,aooièty* XXÿ .(Dopemtdr#an^ry,. 1959)* ■ PP¡* 1Ô5-2Ô4* December, 1957), pp# 85- I 26, ■HAr&lß# l i H*, n;’ThQ ltódatory System Years of; Worfcîng,i Gon* t^p c fo lá^ CfefrPuary« I925) > pp* 171-178* Holeombè#! Arthur J* , “‘TW 'International : Trusteeship Syst$a*i:i,': The Anaals 'Of .thé-Mefléfen dcadero/d of Po litical apd Social, SclehCel'GGXhyi ' -, ), PP# 101*109«, f»-yrfBteBvr,■ ».^/s-. „. pp*:. 48&s&$>2i ' . : W.i.jt;!.-Ifesilii' ¡0;#.|• e.£ the Japanese .Mandated lelande.*1* • iSepteadjer i% l & 5 ) i pp* Ijj^fc;0 $ [ &oo* .V*. :Eji,y.»j. ?S.apie. Pt*pb|0iad.o f bfce-;t&|te5di #atiohe>n JfteLAr^ia-.-ef the... Attefiean Ac&detgr. o f.. Folltic&l and. Social SaieaoeL’ ,|»ga;|; Oanpt|&.Xi Bptc$% AB&. Working ;li: :ihe, Grotlua Society. XII (JaauaryrDeoenbar,, 1923’),, pp*. $1.-43* " ' ■ .arid. ek>d.#ieati;@tt; f f fniei^%tipn^l Law,a . u^g&date^paa^i o f In ter» aationai-3afe IpEt EJaau&ry.« 1948)* ,,:;~:,Jy'"";' IJoKey, foraon,;. ^ ap ife e in Bf AtiaW* Freno; h * end Butch 6oi6hija&' Plana*“ 1 -Jje-fl§ie& ^MpctEta.. 3^1$ (Ifey 19*$),, pp* ■ ., ....■ ̂ &iternat l.cnal ^rueteoBhlp -» ro le o f the .tinit£cl Satione in tb# Qoio» ’”r":- .ni^:Wo^idfc?- ld3ifeim Policy Reports*. 'XXl|,i (ifey •'$$.•*• 1943)* pp» ’•■ ^iatienal-iafe in .Bfltish 'f&et.-A^lea*? ' Por&A.m Policy Paoorta -̂ SMV (Karcb 1%. 1948), -pp, 2^i2r ' V v T '- "-T ;f: ■ ;':i ildOietian^; (Syant 3*, '* South Africa *>, tand- o f ^on flio t.1 Foreign,..Policy“ ;.. ", ReportsV. m i l fJkie 1 , 1 5 ^ 7 ) , / '^ # * ^ . / - ..“/ J v'"\ ?||Lie;% ; ipsriji,:1 , ; -of' the feandatea 3vstaan!* A^.jCi^ay ■ %928)i ppi 277i)33^;'''’: ' .. . ityer&i ,.Pfnya.,pi,J ”Tho Mandate Syateja'. of the League of nations . ̂ fhB '■ ¡MAai,9..oiP Jtbisi .JgaeifiCiBai; Acadeiay. ot .¡Rolltioa.1 .and. Sociai. Science* " 192i)V p.p* ..■..f.m..""“....... ^Paieetihei U$ W**a Unfinished B^Snefe^ scholastic. i|;| {March Bt: %<$&);$ ■ pp«.'7«3-* ' ■, ,:- ". ';.' .’f ; | , xa> i m ) > ■ p : ' : ^Maridetea and T^steeBbipa with. Jpojrtilni.tiL-Gjp';Refer* enoe to Paieetin:e. GCOSXXX? (ííoveiabef , % 0 f)y 'pp » '69p¥?5¡9¿, : ‘'' ~' " "' '' :í af^ T ÍoB íi Ti^steöehip Policy ini tbs Paolfio«“ Proceedings Of. the-. , . Acadeafr o f Po litica l Soleaes. M i l (January»,. ÌS&8 ) »- pipi ...... » “Basal Problems Ariaîhg froto the j i lt e d Nations Trusteeship System»“ Atoertdm^otiáraái. '.of: Internat lonal . taw. 1I4É (A p ril»; Í9 ^ )» . pp* ' ' ' ' ■'■...— ■V -- " - 1 The. Repórte# Drilted Nations Newa» I (September» ' . . i * \ -• !; J “Secret Treaty, with Ita ly »“ V$Z (l&re'fe* tp lS )* pp* 4£>4* .••=' • ¡ . .... ,v ; .... ■ 'r •, . ; ■ ■'■ . ;j ;. ■ ' . ••', . ■-... . •;/■■ ■ :;. ,. ' SMeáa» V*, “Personal Opinion»1* M i ted Nations- World. 1 (April» $£4?)» PP* 24-25,- ■• ;i 3ilvereruy% M fea7 ?Öatted; STatIons, Prospecta of Insediata 'Hac^'isa.tioii»^ The..feaala.0f ,tl-e. AterMan.,Acadgtgy of.; Politlo:a Social...Science. ^ i r ̂ ^uiy, i n f y m - m m rn ;^ ’ ■ ' v7 / .r T'''”'"-'T : ' “S ta llin g .I&vii&|èSt$a^F.Re^r.RepUbIio^• Defili. (March ô,. 1 ^ 8 )» py 0y “^p ^ fÎO Ïo iï o f ’T’ rust Arèna Plsnnsd^“ *V'» — ■ ••..... II. (May, TalmadgS» -“'Protèòtlon' of thè Unprotected»“ Se ftp lag t ic », DI Th^Són» ■.èâv|iïj: “Bow International is Oolonial TrUa tee ship»“ By^iylOal, ^Uarterly-t x y ii ï (QötotörfDecefflterj-l . pp^^ ì.*0Ò -*: ';' '::'C : m :iïî the Balance..0 Ohr.ietiaa Centura. iidÊIS- (Sóvpabeg • i&àt# ■■ ■ - r : ^ ;J: ; , rtÔnited Hattoha aad ¿oh*Bölf^^Oovörnlng. Tetri-ioéiôà,è International .<2orï~ ■ -.'•■ .eillai-iah. dGSÔXXXf 70^750* ' T ••" " f lâ lt ih g Mìlesi o n a ÌRt^rm-tienai gonöllätiori* OGOdXtVìÌI (.February* . «%9^9):f f m ... t *'.■ ......;;., \, ; ; . Wallace, Henry*. :“fkieistíáaJ: TV® Us- &■*$:■$■ Great Teat-,'’ "Um. .BefeubTìc». . . 4 m $ |#4öiöbar.i^ Weigert* H# Wf.,. '^ifiiited/ States Strategie,.Bases ani- ColTôbtiihé Secar! tyyö • 1 ,(January,. 1947).» PP* 25Q*2á3;*. Wtc^ratöfc»., Opérée .W**,-. “The Mandatée*'' The Soyetimiter « I t : ̂ :' r̂̂ stìtj&:» . . ' ..’""''T ""p Qaorgâ V.»?*.. aTfe.é 3tátó:a Pirëotlÿ Oeneerned.» A ftièlf: 79 o f the Waited ffetion# ;Oharter>:n! .ĵ gfleên... Joining ï l î î î m u ^ m é } : * , . .... ' . : ‘V ..... : .:;■...: ”0as.eaj o f t}?f Stat»e of fiaedate fé rritô rlea j^ ênçxMpsi . J,1 -je> ̂ .;,pEĵ fĉ r̂ 'eLî .̂oria.i:.',:, itfeW:, XX. (Octpfeer, , 1926),, pp* ' ' ’he -Moeul Pièpaté,'’ International ..Lan» XX - - - pp^ — •■*"■..‘ .................... The . Ì4th Artiele 3?ÏJ|>. p*: 522* Bfe-lligaaajk Sdv/ln ; ed*. Enáyolopadtlà ..of_.-.>tfoie>:. Social- So lencas « ¿Ttlále- - - ‘ i' s’ « >■ v . * . . : ;; .. 0gEta&.&à£ì^^ n Accord on ÌmpìaÉéntatlng f&lastiné' :partitton|.rt Pnìtèd. Natloias Weekly .Salietin’; I I I (Hoyènber 18, I 9 ^ ) * P P t ' ' --Î ’ '" ' Agenda, o f Trito teeship .Pome! 1*n -lli&itad*3ig:ti;^ Bulletin* I I ,1 % *# 1* ...;;;:r: ::-?r ' ' r .. aAöaö£iMv Móbtá* Plan for Paieatine." W^^ted Nationa. Wèekiy Bulletin« - M «fcgP ä * «f. '■' - “OòuftQìl Debates Trusteeship fer Palestine j-il- United .fattene.Jt& letlru- • : 'W i& tfU iÿ % m h PP* ^ ■ ■ ■ ' ; .... ; ■ '’Counoil* 3 Report on B ritish -cc.’V’ . ¿ '. - nOaateroona..H - -United Hâtions Bul- le tin . VI (April 15, l& ÿ ), pp."566« 568# 9 Council* s Report an ' B r l t i a h V I " ■^■'AV' PPf. i f ö - # ! * ̂ .T ÿ ^ a$OtihQÏiÎg Report on French CarberoonS #rt Uhltéd Mations. Bwiiettin.*/ VI • :; , * W ) * ppt -5é6#7o>;'. ~ “Council‘s . Report on Western Samoa,9 United Mations .Bulletin. VI (April “Gounoil Reriewa Qallj for Ùeaôe*Fî/fe in Palestine*9 United ̂Rations Bul* ■ * - * * • ' i v (.duns, i * 194&)| pp* ■. ' ^Conditions and Pro apeó ta 1« fiew Guinea»9 ifeÍted..Ka^^ná-i;&alÍetiñ¿̂ V . ' .,. (Aúgúat: i » 'pp^ ■ -, “Conditions in Unltedflát&ohs Bul 1 e tfou # (July 1* 1948) > .■ gp^€§ íé?^ -' ■ ................ ’ ■ ' ■ 9 Qontihúing E fforts for Falsatine Settlement»9 - Unîtdd, ítailaas Balletin . V (July 15* i948), pp* 561-5644' 9 £te0ìeioh: om ■• Indiane::" in sonth Africa ¡ft united ..y&tfearjfë ,:ffeel&y;/Buiiaife. , ■ pp*4^;4 • ' y /v .♦■ Qéètst from Further1 M ilitary . Action 4 United-Hättöna ; Bal lé«» v ; - ' . g i * i 9 4 s ) * .pp^*592-5sa* .,: ::;'H 9Graft Resolution on- South West ■ África»-9 United.Hátlcns-ffleekly..Bulletin. * i i (o o to b o r 1 "■";I;.'• v.;.": * 9 Draft Statufee fer Jerusalem Spmpletnd,;9' -Ú^1̂ :ffó ti^ á 'J | ^ lé tin ¿̂ IV . ::|áóbíé^ipí ,|5| 1948), . pp* 127*128*. ", '?. ^7--' •»¿ieetlons Authorized fer South p i le t t e » IV ' ;(}toûfe,'i5j,i94ô)*:'ppt 2 i4 ^ i5 r •''■"r- ; s- .7 7 ;7 7 $ 7 7 v T "7 r ” " ' ’ ' r r^n î T«rirny^P M ,‘T?r"r-k iw rr r--- ht-i 1 r ■ g*frt F & lostiM Partition Proposala." Dftlte&flat^Ra'’ . ■■;■.• 'I l f (September 5Q.y I9^7)v p« 427^-28» . ^Firat !lrusteioahip Agreement a," United Hatlone, Wpekiv Bxxllgtlh. I . . ■ ., (Offeofe^r 21, i9&>:),. pp* 25*26+ ••-'.- .. .. •••;".'. “Five Gouritriee in •Opening o f Faiaatin© Debate," Dnfted. /Katl^ng,.Weekly -. ■. iu ile t in . 111 iO o to b e r l^ 19^7), pp+ 479^481* '"":! .. ”•'-";■■... “Former Ita lian OolonieS in- Afipipa proposals .befora Adsexably ^yiewO%rt VI ($ay . - - *Fourth,Uommittee Qm§ludep General Debate." United Nations Weekly .Bui# le tin . 1'- (Hoyember 35. 1M 6 ) , pp«, 3*6*- '■."; 11 Portoef Hearings in .Palo atine»-“ . i&iited Hationa, Wg9.klrv Pallet in . I| I . / • (ja iy 22, i :94t ) , ' pp « ; i22-.i 25.$.:;.. ; v -v -r " r / “Further Pfo&reee in Tfuatee&hip*“' Halted Hailona Bulletin. IV (January “PUtiDFO o f Fpnaer Ita lian Qoioiiiea,:“ Halted Hatlone. Dullaftiru • VI 1, ' • '. 19̂': )‘ *' ■ j| ; ■ ¡i . ' . 7.' ' 1 “Future o f Former Ita lian Colonies *. Assembly J^i,ejtjr;0r. ifeited Hationo Bulletin.: f i (dune 1, 1949;),. ppv 545^51* ^FUtofe-- o f South W03t A friea.“ Phlted; Nationa Weekiy ..Bui la tln , I (Decern* beir 10, .',pp|; “Futuf'e o f -SoUth. Afrioa^“' 111 (Gotober 7, W ) f PPt '. ■ . ' .. “General Assemblyj Ba.cbrd o.f the Second. Session,:n- Hniteajfeiloris ^eafcly: Sullotin’. I I I (Deo®.mbo.r 9» 1947)* pp* 759*767* "T “General. Assembly's Special aeseion dentfenos.“ felted. natione: Weekly Bui*? 1.1 (Kay -6,.: 1947)» i>p* A67*47b*. ' V :" ' " V "Z '" f'C["" “General l&.seueBion on J^ueteeahip»;“ Iteit^d Hatioria. ^oeicly. Bulletin* | (Ney<^ef;'I l * I946)y;~pp* i7#9*- ' "low the Ti*uce Game- to Palestine,“ felted Hatione Bulletin. IV ( I We 15» . p m PP^ m M ^ S . ' “Immediate End to Pale a tin© Violence Sailed F o r Phiied:.,lhtion8' Bulletin. ■•’ jv (April; 15, i9 W b pp* » ¿ 515*/ ' ■'v .... ®Ìaf,oi'iaatioii\ irosa ìióm SoÌf*SpVoralng ?erritor4ds,s United Natiene Wekly gu liotìn « | .fUóve^él■$$'■§■ ÌS48}* PP* 6 -7 ì •'1 1 1 ” l ^ - ^ T r7 ■ ■ °IniorEùitÌón fresa Ifon«3eif^avé-'rniàg Tarr itorio© 1 ffni tad..Kationa. Weeklv '...' 3?alietiné !.. (pecoiab'ar. j , r pp± l903.* T7'. T 77;' aM te r :ia t io m l Arty fo r Ffe;Ieé!tÌfìi9’, n U n ltM Uations SuXletin, I? illud i» l i 1948)* pp:i 165*171* • ■ 71 " ; 1 ': 1 ;..... 7 8international fruste©ebip System Qfe&frt,* Ualt©d. .Hàtiofta ;WoeÌ5ly..Btd:le:tin. .i.l| (.Ddcomber 16+ l $ 7 ) , pp* 804*805* .! 777'. V T \ r 8 Iaportant ieouas befer© 'ÈiniateeaMp Sottaci I , -1 United .ffiatiOn#. du lie :tl*u■ 7 ' *5* l£49)> pp* 88-9G* 0Ì 9SU®e bèfore JrustCesMp Oetìnciì,'* United ifetlons 3ullatin« ÌV (dune 15,194$)* pp;*; 48|~484* 7 - .... 51Ì30UO3 bpfóie. tfeè WitóteeèiMfó S o t ta c ili United Natlon3:|ittìletìn« VI (dune 15» ’15^)*. ,3P£*: 625*826.* ”17 I r ”’" 117 “ '' i ' r , (,Jàpanese Kandatèd ialand©^ UniMd Nati.on.a Mae^y Sul-Iotin* I I {féareh l i , 19^%)ppi'22à^&* '"' v ■"7K"'"; '■ ” ■'. 117, 7‘7T':' .. n Jer- us(aAlperiiai Statuto in Sa titì-fao tQiy ,pcip;m+,J'' if.al.tie7d" -7Kiàtiòne .Bui 1 oti.ti è I I : y “dówiah Agjomp Abc^pto.:-?aytition. Propoaaia.n ■ United iiatiana .Wófrki» Bui*- ■ latini.. Ì | I (Qctpbpr 14, pp* 477-4781 ' 7 " ’""7 ' • 4 • . . . - , ' n Herdan doicaisaion Scapane©© Work.* UMted,Ìàfclon.&,.Bulle.ti% . IV (Sanuary . . . . .:'■ : ■ 7 : 8'Laur©ntÌ0, -H.*,, ”Ìffl.pr^QsÌGn8. of KÌ3sion tp Eaat A frica, 1 Snitedl^tlonà- Bui latin « V Òfc jembar 1« 1948).« p* 865» ■'■■■■ 4 âaauar.#0 fàkén to Md Ewe póople,8 ■ United Maticna. 1 « IV (Janu# ..' ary 1, 1048), p p :r '| 4 f^ l: !•. .V'7’-''7 ..* 7 ' 7 " "'7; ^Membettì. ©f vioiting Mieàipn tp, fengànyika and: Ruandà^UrUndl 4 8 United; ■ ' ^ t io à a ,.B u llQ t Ìn l' ̂ -U”"r"t7lt7é” d7 .”l à7t ions'. B.u l.le t' in . VI -i7i sn. t7't.à.i'.y; 77 . '7'7. .• ‘i . ‘ •- . ^̂ feitófc&relsip of; Spóóial CòàaaitteQ ©et^raittéd,®' Unitèd Satiortà WeéMv Bui- ìetin«. U t m m :""'7"'" ~ ... îrü«l©çe'aip ; âpproYod*1 fa i ted. I I I - ■ ■ (Mem ber l ì * i fa ? )* .f a öfa»? 1 {"r :':1:; - • Tyi;ÍT :': r ’fa r . . '.V \ ’ ftfaw Qoféjnfaent foi* Western .Ss^aSropo3S&*,,‘ United .i&faô&ëi ;faeÉfa . '••:•■ ' M l . (fa to fa * â f a lfa 7 ), ‘ " ’ " “Befa; fad' Hotéo.,0. . fa (famfa>y f a , IfaSfa, pp*.£*fa qKowa end- ilo tèe« “.United .ffatlonaBulletin. XV (fabruary 1» IfaÔ )* pp* ; afaàâ* ;; ; . y , ' “News and Hotee*“ Ju■—dla&■•—in*.■ , IV (ÍÍE0?«$r % 1948), pe* Í6 l*.. . . . . , . ' ' °'WOW0 and iípteey”- XV (April 1* *9|8fa pp*. 25fa , ,_;.( ;■_ .;: - ..... ; y y . y y y , ' .fain '̂itòr.ìò'S».'3 U n ite d ^ I- .-■.. (-î ìòQiiibòr io* ifaá )» :pY -51*. ....r";"';"...y y ; ; . - ' "v ■ y y y s % ôiéa .où 'the,' ïntefaàtioùal IrugitöQsMp Sÿste® Charfaa Ufa ted Bâtions Weekly Bulletin* I I I (December 16, 1947)» p+ 80J» %otee on îfaatèéeMp fatsKsil# United BationayfaklY Bulletin.: : f a i . (iíoYembor 25»; 'ífaTfa pp.* é&JfSS&t ... ^falòél^e'-0ò®iiaeibù Warns e f O iiïlç fa t Taák* * 'United .Battona.. Bulletin,* fa (fabfaöpy 15* 1948), .pp^iafaifa*. ,.; ', y v ^ y ' ■ ' r ’ ‘ ' • ' •’ ‘ , _ . * # * 5 - • United Batlona.aúllétin■» |V “fhe Plan b f Partition; # itb Uconaasio Union*0 fa ited Jütland Weekly,Bul* . lo tin . l $ l ' .(faäefaör .2,. 1947}*, pp*. 744*75%. ; "; ;: S; .' ' ' ; ' ’ ; ' ' • •. • « >i * • ■ .. * * « .■ t ♦ . " f la fa # f .fafaion té gáet. África.,* Ufrltad,.faMone Btjlletin* V (August 1» ■ 1948)* p*: ÖOfai. ' . h. ;ftfaiidô|pieé. o t fruatídéíái^: Oiacuaaefa“ ifeiteê îfatlona .HéeMy Suiletin, :. . J- Povepifar f fa i^ # * ,p p * . , f a i f a ; :7; ' ''7:rr '".-v^i i r ^ & s &g fa le s tine*,} fajfaÍI:.Má^Í<^.,geQkfa Bulletin .- XX (fíay fa Í9fafa pfa: 47fa47fa v!'- y- .......... ..... Ikiitéd. Mat i onsBul le tin* IV |y. Í9 Í ! fa p £ t l o r i o t * ’ ' / ft̂ © É ¡ » s Sor progre'ss in ö n l^ .J a t lo n g aui,tetln> M ''{Jtenuapf'. ,• -.■-..'■1'-:;'..r-i. ■ ; ̂:\ ;•■ - “Prospects fo r TruatéesMp Oounoll»'1 I . ' ■ . _ . -' í̂ar- -.pïtîî io ~ lU T - ' - ;:c:. ■ “RöOörd, o f la h e re i .MëétiMü' .ái-- fe r lé . ** TDVa i ted./Rations, Bulletin, VI: (^epaajrÿ- i.» i ^ ) ; » pp» 9*2% ■•■ . ■ 7,7-7-■'• 77777 .■ l':"7. -- .-,- ■:'• ■ “Report. j#sÿ ta. : fe ÿ ^ ■ là ■<&'$&?$&% iPfAais*- ' Jügfea^Ag^ailse'..^ ítelteé iìaiìcgtà Bul lo tin» f i '(Aprii I5., 1949)-* .'.pi»#, 385**!¡k6í. ' y i "H y ''y y y T :y.y"■■••'-"•-,r --: ■■ ■ _;77 ,y . •• *fhe -ì%ópiò s&f' .lili i^ôéÿôégr y . . & , : j & j ) , pp,..eéG^oai;^ ; v y y : ’ " .y ..;y . : * y •..' y :.... “l^faonáiitiés. 4? .Mí?» â^-ftasaas> Bír* Garfean, Mr# Sérlg|* gnlted aatio6B; Utárii 'ai, 430* ;yy yy y7'/;v ’:7 " - '"^bltiofa# fifem Tanga^yllca ^xamíí¿idj¡ ruls.s ó f proeedaró adopted," . . United I'l (April. 29* ’.X547.)*; .pip«: 4544457*. ■ "Petitions fto ñ Trust, Ésrrítéf l é a # jfaitèd.^ations. Weak Bulletin; XI ' .(Aprii Ô* i M h ï m :P 9 0 ÎZ * .. ' :.....•■'■... ;T;‘-‘" : ';y -;7. ^ ï^iippirôisy b̂:a;te. Elected te trusteeship - I I I (November. .25# X947)> .pf ,.680*. ; -.y' ’v ’ " . . ■.-■*, . y . ■ ■ *■ • V ■ " ■* "fhe Plan for IN&éftinè.*1’' IUnited Hatlöno ,Ueók-ly.-.QuiletlaV I I I .p^èerÈO* ■ pp# 7¿o|6í 4-;'^ . l y ^ y v y y y i y v yyy'; 'yy v. .y • •; ■ [ : • ‘ . • ; ' • • • , , : - \ . ■ „••■ • *•** .i ' 1 *k °Rw m â00Jt^àiï Ëm . . ip , 15 4îte9àûT&$3'SxïggQûteà;t *- ife itêu ifo ^^ f l},. pp» 86̂ á¿ :, ■•.-■•:■••,.•■■■•.■■•• y ' y y y y "Bajos ot ®rùstòOéì3Ìp Öouncil Debated,1' UMtOtf. .Mati^nó. Jftiiótiniir I I ' ^ ...: y ^ :y ; r y y y y y . . , . Sgyréy Francia Ä*,. "ghd Mission to Western 'Wüte#*' . i f i ; ;(2ap5yidb^t' 22* .1947) * ; ,pp#. v :;:'' .’ "T .’y"’'-’^ * Safeguarding ijoraaàieÿï; a ity ," ^QÍte^.Mati<^á^fei^Íotin*; í f ‘ (May 15* . . . : p p ^ , ■ y. ... .y y y" y .. .7 ..,..., &$$$■■’i® ápd Piláiiina-. Pigfttintg** bMted,:^aÉlóná' Bullen y Mfi» 17 :(p ^ ;i$ ;í(. lß/B)f pp* 4i'2-?4:i4* V ■"y'yyyy-'*" ""' t "Security èpunçil Approv-ös l^astèoS.blp1 Agremerite.:, '1' Èükteâ áationa . 'i ^ i i i à a m i f i t e l i i § # m i ) ? - r - y : ; ' . ^ - - "Saäpfiily Ooìmòìl .fe ilà içop. ä?«ii ^ ug'o SbsermaQoj ÏÏm 0owï$t‘tiÔQ: to Aid. . .-felêatitte ;:Màilatèrv(7 f .(Ho.vémbér 15». ppé '^ 0 ^0 m f ■ ■ ' ^ -y ’7" "^ - -y ■ i1 ' v • , • • • •. ' ' •'“e s s s w r - ■ ■• u / $ « & m , i m ) * m ' y:-1 :;'!j ■ *3$ptà$ty -m m ò^i ttàèfs^ vtowo ' « tt&itst ..'; i t ^ j^ c T g t i , -3 P t^ -^ 7 < s^ f7 ^ r^ ;■>;.': r̂:.::':::v-,̂ '’::>;' r - ; ; - ^ .̂ a SMiàé'-.tìà^ ià^.. ttà&ìdv '/Buìlé M ìii ]|; ^ 0^51*5%* ■ 5 “ r"-;;:yyy:y; ';"' -y-'-/''-yyyyy: Goiamitted £éav©é Pòi* F&leetin©*" tfaitoft fa;tioìiav IfooHjy. S.ql le »- •fcì^ t t & m n * 19^7h pp< ' ‘ " in o ra i Aaàembiy^a Special, Session United iiafeìmax iÌeQklv . f t i fo t ia » t m ì * m .. r ? ) . ' • ■ ■ • , . , . , . .• ; * r' ; . 1 "Spoetai Conani tte©- on falèàtìfìs SatatiisbèdU" Cnit9d.ì'iatièns W&aMv .. gylijBjbter l i "Special Coiaffiittoe’ SPUTO Zfclestina/ galted flationa V/aekly. Buljet.jjgi. i n (duly t» 19̂7)» p?$f .. .- r "Soutb Wòs-fc Aitfiòà and tbè Cnioin " ffafèiflnó. Bu llett»; ì "% #Ptal Mi sé ion to 1(0^7 .̂ .fo#/ vieàtòr-n .Sa^oa».''' WèéMy ' .j^ ìllo tia , ì t (Curie t f * 19^7)» ”'' ^ "Stattìt^ Fòie àsi^aaiomi" Cftltéd ■ lationa . Bulletin*:- Ì7' {Aùguàt ;15» -,pk 66j2.:4-'̂ . , . y ' ' " . . . . . ' “ " - t " ? ' ' . ' y ‘ ; "%ag&óyiìi&.* . fteqoTd òf largest trust territory,/' ^nitóiuà^ioaà .Stilila. tin« V (Cuiy 15,. 19t&), pp* -J- "../ .'■ > ; : ' ’ *■' ’ :J V -. 4 :\ "tò Censid©* l%rther •$ ;.f. tbp Future ^taverrajent ò.f Palestine,.® Ibiitroj ' . ■ 15» - Pp* - .505*507« ; ; y ” To f b i t . First Sóoaion Marbh ?6, 19^7»°'. gàited. Ja lv l^é . - ti: Crobirùayy i l , 19^7)» sp* lo j - io ó 'f " " : "■■. ;■ .j .v-̂ v; ■ ■ '■:■ " Tptieurdà ' Sanoón : Sòl f^Sav«fb«B©b t, " . • "% ’i| ■ 'y yV:'7 T '■';7-.?“ In Sowtb .Un|téd: Ha4ions\,'fcokly BóllòMa^ ' t : (iDód- >■’"!■'̂ > V l . / . r ;.-.-■•:■ . .'.' Agreétaaáfca •C>Òilrtí.á̂ ê*5̂ % ■ ';-'('îfevèTab̂ y -:í% íi^ Í6: ^ ¡ / ..7 ’ ' T-T'T'Y;; . . • v,.‘ . ^®Éstotiôéàhi|): ÀgpSéjSsŝ î ià- ©iecuaáedji” ;Ji&tian# .Màfflzt Bultòiin-À X .-V $íov4*mbá¡r! ¿5:»- X P ^ Ìf pp* ’ '■'• "v YYY 'YY , !.-7 ' í •'■̂•■/~-- í* *■- ^T?rtt3teèaM|) Göuucil “Apjöfoys® feiáy Rulos*" jgataiL̂ Au . ■ "■:$feé\ÍjÉ {Aprii pp* ■;':r.': Ö̂!a!̂ âSlbfi■¿. -0®aá0iítíáíE>'#' Pi^àt -SSààloîîj Grafitos Mlsaióa- ôYïnquiry ■ í^ ;^S ;átéfu ',9âaîé^*^ t^4e^-.JSati6sS XI- *-. %9*7)t l m b&^Jmk ':..... ; ' : * • > ̂ ;y v ™ . : v '' ; r " \ ; ; ■' " a STuateOship Gouacil - Gónyaáaá»^ lu ttoff Satiória ffefikly, Juìlà&fe» Î? < ^ r * Í p » ■ % ■ p ^ p é . \ '•■'■ '■ ' : ' V? "fruatoosbip. Oatinoil G©&v©aes- £©ar Sebead Segslón¿fÍ' . Weekly lh illstin¿ ì l i iffoyeiaber I$41r}.* p£Ú£ñ¿-' ■' ' ” " • ï̂^e7ifeô'ôhip; Council Méduasés órsi Up«Tingó,rt t!nÍfMd;:fetlotta^ .. "Trusteeship' Gòt̂ ó ìÌ $xäjai»Q3 Draft. f’or JOrUsfií Oía»n ; GaltM; Vf j.% ïM ® )* vp*. Í 7 l 4 f e ,¿ . . #^uá^áSMp!bGoiiÉiéí:l' fejrSsédí **' íihitéá,liaftAéng-. Wé^My-.. 3ullotiti.i '!■ 4%dér&?. ber 24, Í9*té)* pp« 12-15* ' Y y ' '■ ■ " Trusteeship ̂Council Studies; 'ffatltians.* Gaiiöd Y i l l (ssiîëabér 2 , i # ? -) * pp* y y ‘" .......;y y : "' " y """" dfá^téé^M u : 0Qií^iíff G fficórsv“ United jjátforasi feMtetiftaJ t (July i»- • V- r; ':- Y. vv; ' ; n®PU0^OQbip for Kaum Debated** 23$ ■' i # ? f * m 4 ■ ; ■’̂ Xÿsaétâàé'Mp' ';for SorwSèIf-^ypralng. 'Areas* °' l^ ta& y stio n â ffiter.U f - lê a iâ b e r lÉ & ^ J ^ ^ ®Tr»etäa#atp 'fesr .-Pacific: Inland 0|1 î% = . . / i& p m IS'» # 0 ^ ^ '^ ; " ' ; ;/V : .;'V;.;;;r : 7 : ?'1; ^ !--''̂ . ' ; .^fpsp^eíéófeip' f o r . Seí^h-Wás-b-.^rica Gigad»’’ ' fel.tsd :-Hat.ìom^V/Qgkly.,^ulla^‘ . :J lli». J í l ' lOotobar ;2S#: , lS%7)f pp# ■ 575^?^''• ” : ''_l' ' ' ‘ 'v rTrû$teeâbip in Operation}- ÓQ’ímii.ttee. ISinriinea 0ounc,iÍ3 ' ' Ûnited .Mations- Wee'fci?; Bt&lp tin. I l i (October <( 3^uöt^'B^i|>v^0Bi.'cäi;: to. |-, -#€̂3BEdL tr4ÿéfe-'. iŝ it ; iW- Viork -^.statute :,dff ¿entóalen. " '■ m ,.t ím ^ b é r w & l»: m , tm m m :- • ■■; ; ^ ̂ . ufteta^&ähiPvo-^^i^licfe:^' ; United.‘ISa.ttô ̂ IV ($kÿ %+ 19^5» • ‘ : - - V : " ‘T : - ' r r : r r p : - 7 ; ^ . . : :. 7^ n ' S r t i e t é & e M p H e p e t m o i d e d f o t - S o u t ó i / é e t ¡ à f r i c a « 11 U n i t e d ^ •.•■',■■■;' Sfaii^tin« I . Ife atembar 34« Ì940)> p^ 4%;¡, . .V'ï : "' .*, 0;Ŝ kstoò.3b:i| Urged #à? Soutìi Äset ' ^ ¿ j j , Ä ^ 0 h pp* .. f 7 v - : -:$ér& view on topi.'..#' Tr^3teo0tip Council*" ■Uáiiéá^^bt&M.^utle&iñ». V (C e te b e * * ; '£0ï$)gipiiB0^0Qté: :-■'-.-T7 77 -;̂ :"7 7 T ’-7 ■ :N^t^,ì!ÌatiÌo||iir " and fttsiovaaentp of' - 1947*7 l33nÆ̂ Ù»-B.*3 .3'». Support B&ieôt'ina partition*/1 Unita4 7 Bulla tin * i p . (C o tte^ ra !* 1^7)», pp*. -■ i - w 7 ■ nWöetenn Samoa. Iteti ti oha- áfc# -áálféÉó^Srrtóánt^ .tnit9avJfáti.oná¿ .¥é<&ilr Bulletin.II (Marcîi 16, 194?)* p* 264* 0 Ueetter ;̂ Banoa: Í S ñ x n . - j^íMd^ltetlc^a ffatepy ..Bulle tin«-- .’•••'•• p.:(ôôôteisbér lOj l^ i ^ p p i s .4%^#.:'?''T?'1' 7 7 ?'"'”;':" 7 :’“'7 ” ' '"' "7 "Working Committee Studios Statut© for «Jerusalem," United étions Weekly ■ fil. (ôecam bteri&*7^ ' ̂ i v " " v RSqtert. by Hie ln..t'œ.:,vtfoî '' tain a-ticl Hortborn Ireland to tiw îrusieéa'.dp Couneil o f. the United: fra-» on tbo administration; offthte.Qagteroona^ ;f¿r,tb©..7©sr.,Í9^74^0^Íl¿^^^^.H^..^Í.-a London? ,, %$£&» %\t. m r k :á á :^ im s m :,óixm.:m ^ M F teetm , ’ '.■ flqé&léft^bf/^ Â^â*. 19%5 i ^ t a i ahd '£. ■ ,,.. ..v$ * ; ^ ~ . ^ ..,:̂ v.. v...v, .. .^éais^>af..líá^loná^i^gbg^:^: • • •».- •••: ’* • • • ’. *•.-•■ ,,: : J. -.. ; .» ¡a^ofl .ifefeioi&Q; Gêné vas Infàfniatlo-B Section ». ,••< % fea¿aáofJfát.lonB . b ’ • - » 1?he Ifaadateá 3vateia 7" : .í̂ ^ t & ^ 7 . ,'|ipíii FeaóéftAl Change. íferisj ■ ; ......................... opáration-, League o f Hâtions* l^JÔ* . <,,- ‘ . , ‘ . . . _ . $he. Permanent Ooqgt. o ■% Σib*S&tieB. $£$» 7'77 “:'":tipñ,' Ibagib.'.pf.: r f i-ir a s Pertoànënt,.Mandat èà^^ Seqs+ï 'y 0 ¿ Qeuáva* lioagiip of :_^r.-T.-Ur-..̂ -,..|..̂ .-.--v.-,̂ Pt>.-Q.PdÙy-ë>9,.i. l;Sf. Rogai- Qoi^asion» ?ùè Poe*'No*: <3¿ % ßpQi, M&Mx% è & .^ g <3én<|?ni B#p£;t|¿á bÿ ite# Seere* ,' Ü; :' - Tffñ...Iéi^ ■ SeorètSriat'Q^ the League o f r ,îî\ ' : ■ ;'.' , J frfm tà fa - ÿ . ,-:........ ■/ ..■,•■■, on the,Work o f theiQf gáaizátloru Anáua&,:|t&i^fe(^ .thé-Work o f ftHe Pfganizatiorw Ctlffüly ^ ^ l^ O .June» Ift&jk fonerai Assembly Oixicilal Recorde t ' Thifà BÓasipn* 'SOpplentìii't' No.* 1$ United Nations foo.*;jNo* 1 (A/565)» 1048. ladeé' Süôôe.eëi " T?’'; ï̂ o'̂ eeï;:;aad. Maïaoa'''Seëtt9n:, 10&;4¡. ' '.' 1 7~.:-:T^]XÈ • •; , fourth foim&ttee,... ..Reéofdë- .of /Meetings. 1 ' • HovOmber^» jtâ ’fodëmber. 1946* j ^ l ted^Mtloaa Poe*. Jl" i“ ' äuamary. jtsééfd»...of.Ætee:tiiSâ;&. o f " MMàèà'%sM ■ Record of iteètlxiigalSattifdav 12 January 1946 '~ Friday aftâhth F e b r u a r y !^ . jfoarnals Ho« 3&2.é Suo» ..; : Ípl̂ x̂aeííife. ̂ Hatlon8:;ítóc«>. ■|94§*; ;■> , , , ,. fffeá ,|^i^a^O]jii:o f .;Wea îiia-.:.Sëj^oa*-. Reporta on the Poppati on o f Trust Ier*- fitpf.tee Jade bÿ ttie United Nations. Peparimèni, o f Social Affairs' ^pu iatlen Pivieiohj, United Nations Poe** 1946«. 552 UniteA Hattone Mediator on feleatìniB. felted ' T ^ r - /■>-';'*~'!:̂ /ir' i''‘ '. . ¡ Bg:OfeiSed¿T^fetéeahÍe[,R^ Territory o f fla^U.Sab* ?,;: ’ • • -Hé Í tlâé' t fe M p ^ ^ ::w ixeg 'aitlio«fe: Poo*» ^'¿'ÙkèZm éT:^ 1» 19^6« ■ ~ ~ : '' " - ,;feÉfe:ii&iélffiál..:ái^é¡|^ Uûl^d'ilationo ' Qoo* Ho» S/9ôX/fe©v* 5, 19^« ■ Report oS tfra Efenonid,.and^3oaiál:.0omail;to\..t^^ '• • ' iiniit'Jtî^;jèÿ|iôg United Hâtions ... boc* Hoÿ; 4/^25* *9$$* '..-: ;7 ' r RòpòPt- ¿R tbë Baacuti^è iOoE^ttèe to . tRa ifrëparatorv flonmd^yLoa ef t he ': ■. 'M u ta i. fetióaá ttoft»- No« ' % í&i/£kA 15/ Uèv* lé ' 19^5 ̂ Report ôf.\ihë::.i3'ecî tà*fe Qf tb.e .&rg^aizatlon. i$Mêâëà Mfoôrt:;.ëi\t^'Sêouritv.. Spirnoll, .to .the .Gênerai...Aâaèiably Oavoring. the. Rer* .iöd.:faroffi'le J c a v Ì Ml y’~lM8;̂ ^ ^ | P § r .. . ./ , \ gefefft.;ôfr.,.tM:,Sëô^l^ tfré7f e ^ ^lé July 3̂ 94? tô Rëport u¡&Jiiaj&i £i^Èèà>atâ&.^ Ite Second and. fh ìrd Seasiona * 'V M ^ r l & I l p M & ^ p ' . Third Session, fe lted Hâtions Doo* Suppléaient m* h (jS/oOJ), 19^8. Reaolutíoaá AdoPtéd .by,.the .B!canomi.o.-,aBd Social Gounoiî t during ita Fourth ■ " SeaBlfe ^RroB 28 dfebruary.'^ !*&?. United Hâtions' fee.* Ho* t . W w Î W w '. . * ^ : ' ' *• Resolutions Adopted : ..By.i,.thé, gênerai A¿ aéably during I t a .glret, Par t o f ite ' j^^afcsiejalfe ■'iffrom 10 -January ftoï lê,.la«)gueyy lfffe* 'l̂ iiiÉ¡M^mMiaaá Resolutions iÀdonted^lak.ithè.ji^eMeéhlnvfettë^il*' United Rations 9oô*. Ho* •- í p "i■//?■!;’? / - T“! ■ - -,h :k ' " " - . '^ Ìlte.a%Ì»tlfeàuM&tetè&.bgOt^ dur ink it s 5:feoond...3e9a:ion 'H ; ■ tfr Hatifea fec:*:Ho*'!T^^ Résoiùtlona^âdeptodbÿ'tfe.^ Third Segslon i. w X .̂ éafej.:Aífeéí-̂ ScÿdSt_êaajLe and Social Oouaoil. United. Nations, y ÿ : Jx 7.:r ': :x : : 'r ^ ,,;.... •. ’M ò ^ é o r^ X m lthjé:. Trust^ahip. Oottaell » A lit ili Nations - Boo« Ha* SOmé-íi of. .'International- ,Lavrv.in,Relation. d f 4/ryi9W * r ' - . , i . ■ •' Terme, oft¿ t á á g t f e - ó f Uni ted Nations. Boa* -< ». #7TW* . <‘T\f., **>(*7: Qouh.« e il as ' Fermaiaté'd. t>y;tHe ifréparatoiftr Oommíéaléri. United Naiioaa“BôQ. . • •• , ; V . ............. .. ;- . .V ■• Trusteeship Áfljpeoffî nt .far,, tbe Territory o f ,the Gaméroone under ^ritiah fruaioeafalp Áyroeíitaat. f o r _ the Territory .of .tl^ . Oaitöri^pa.uader Fronch ' ..''Administrai^oav'^mlli&a i la ra ^ -, . . V ” J . ' ' . Ti . . * > • • 'i-, . _ . ' ' , p i i ted Nations Doct Ño. ' Vdí’A sre^en t/^ '^ *̂ g ìteff. Guinea . 'United Nátipne . i 9^7* .■•.■•. Íraa%es:8hlp..:Á^eemsnt;.ffir:,fote^ :• United Nationa Tfttaié.e&hip^ the: Territory o f To^land tmd.ór Brltiáh M^ ■ Nations 'tkj6XáoX.Ty&0Teem3nty6* l» '“"íglá^tijgné o f Tanganyika. United Nations - United Nations ' :Sod;f $9 •■■■ i^7.»:,' ' ' y ' ' '. .'.'. ‘ ' \ ' . . . . ;:.'. -. ä .l)oéñÉeátsír:aart ^•aáéigdQ* - '?■<&*■ lèlò»- London, X&ë&'i&éXtï tSd^diîîations^ ,. J. ......... ..'.: '..■.:; ....... Uàfl.^d:.Naj»tffi3::,B;9Qnômld^^ f̂le^thv:ÌSdh9Ìfo:.;:UàteEÌe^^ .the UÖited Nations Bdo*,- ià lr ì* .."'*•' ......... .■ '••• ; ' . . W x - ! i,. . •. . . ■ . ■ Ünlfeä^ä*ioa#T:1Beöhäi6i®:;'Ätiäv. So ét&I ;. Gouhoii -Official.. B«>öordö Ehird Year» ' ....■ ‘ SlkJSô&ëtôïv â ü b é l^ ôî!.:t.hërQoÂtaQ±oàlba' BufcÉtá ■ Mfihtô.i Ühltáá Nàtiohel'̂ Biííi&i "S¡¿¿. ' United Nations Geiâsràï.\ÂissëtebIv **'..0f£,iò la l Rooords.of 'thé¿.:® hir'd-; Session. Part 1. 1948 i» Firsts Goiânittèe Suáraárv Heôoràa; o f Meeiinss 21 . Söotombor * 8 Moéniber 1948. United Mations Dóó«.¿ ; > / [ . ,. • Ne*-. ,, Ì É % - u . f . ■( ,• : i • ' . .. ' . • • .• • ; _. 1 ■,í^i.ttí.áLBáiio0fe..0ffieÍ^,Í^©^#;óÉt/'tMl.:Sé0l948è.‘V '' ' ’ United Nation^ O ffic ia l Secords o f the Second Snodai. Session of the '■êënèrkï..MààmM£f.:{ äunii^efee^i":®^, â>.'^^eàói^iOnfci5: April >., 14 May* ■. 1948.; United N^tidnö; &/5?ï* X9W* " * * • » Recwrdñ^of.b^ .. .... -V =•-; ■ -..- p iotai Records -of thef • JhirA. Session o f the Genoral . AasQmbl^^ ̂ (Fotirth 0oam ttéeLr'3i^a¿v .|fieoóráa. Ì^HeeìAnaS ",2k ,,Septo¿ibég . *• '2¿, -lîovéiabejp:é V 1948« ’ -.-̂ b̂ r̂fehifer vĝ>iiéitjra.3L --Æê̂ agfeWÎ-ÿ». Uhlbed-.ùailòftà-.Ì^BQfr&&>*&,:§^ ^ m S Í r § ^ .." "‘’j ji ■• -■- ; ■ 'I ■. r '■ ' ■ .Üëitë£$àtioihkJ3éàùrMy;:.j^^ ' T/??'“jlaè& fe^ t̂iiŜ4iËid[--; ̂ ?̂fc3L¿aK̂~ ĵ .eú¿̂ 'T̂ î»̂ ¿. 'V:' ■ ' >âff-,Second/.ISa ̂r .Snnple*r. ment Ho« 2Q¿ Uni tod Mtlona Doc*, íío*. .S/eif* 1.947« ' . r ' . , Records Third Year 527th Méet— .T -î^&tlona ijàfe^elal ^wTOÌt,ta'e,.on Jßftl^Bttoe Resort to : thé Genepàl - United - 0.̂ ¿̂'iiai3L Rédórda. First Year» Pirat Seventh, Meeting. (28.April, IW ? ). United Hâtions Doc*, Î947,« ■Ifaltediiations TrüatOoahi p Gomel I O ffic ia l Rocorda H ra t Year; .....Mfst • ̂ .sieaieii^'Sjuhp3-^ìn^> tm:¿M''H,áp .:o^ £-,Se.dónd,.- Session 3&e» .• JlôÂâ®àâi' Seèôftd.: JèiòBioni. sborda Third,Session Supple* ^teijJte.t& ró& J»i*qa^ato United ; Pí^^^:í Y .̂- ,T-'r - r ’:'-;';'' /'';7Í ■v. , bo, ;the7 :Uenérai Assembly, Gov. cords o f the Sëoond Session, oFthO;-General,. Ad‘̂ mhly Sagpleffient No«' 4, United Hâtions, Doe* ¿¡0£* A/||?,,n‘‘ yearbook, Of théJ:^ 3 S ^ :HátÍhne{.S ^ é é ^ h - l^kà Sucese?« Deportment o# ’■ :: Public ' ' I n f \ \ ----------------------------- -.» ^ y , ------ ¡;,, $$$. Armetrpng, ; SÌizabeth H», gòltìgóV ; ffli l tèsa •' of,..&iie; Ùnitéd ..gationà* g ì 3 » ' ' 'o f State- J&SÌ$catioa Hó;f. 3 * * tf* H* l^orjnation.: Serioe» Washington# '^e^ètìsiiL i;:^ fcÉ fc^& .ebv j^TW àt^tóÉ aiiisÈ ^ .^ . •••;;•.. É̂|ĝ g»g3gwgi23^g^^^^|l f̂iS^ *̂SiS4iJ^SS2l|3 *̂:' 3*S,t Departniènt o f State Publica* ■ ,.- -• ■' : ’̂ p̂ r'.:'̂ .̂ ^PhingtcQ:?-, ■ Uaitod Stebè#; • 0 3 ^ . 3 i ^ ' è > - . ^ . . . . , ' r . . . ' ” . ' ' ¡ f * \ , ' = . . " . ' . . ÌM.,A&ìé;:..M..:ì&g&àt,.éiA,jàolìedtÌón,.^ j' ; Uertasai^ iE^é^tiCisìit o f :Èóx''&\3&£' . itóebin^tOD,* 7U$ìt©d Qòveijmoent Prlntitìg, O ffice*. 1945’* • Séfiee So*- 'tnfopniatiea, " ’■ • 1913» ;;'■'■ ..." . . . . . .. Bundh#*. Rai pii J*»; '®%itótóés.5ilp end.• HoiigSèi f*Qoyòrn.ÌHg. ferrltor£e-e:«a:' JSfóà ■E£pértBefii.;èf?. ^ ffó*. $40, U* S* Departaent of ' State- ^¿àn|; ’ 5fo * • 2447* :%Léhìngtòn;; Uni ted state e QoverosBnt I^ln-tAng. Of^lee». |9^5*.''• ■ v .■ ^he Charter ò f , ^M DM'te4 Kàtf ong »- Bea.rings beforè . thè; Ooitóttee "on Fer» •eì'gai 'Rèlétiona 'Uhl.ted-rRtat9é' Senate, 79th gong»' ls t Seso#, Wasbing«- tón*. ìj^ibéi. ;•. - Qbarter.-:;o;f jEfe ' . 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Ho • 5427 j , Wj^éhS^^ --^itéd ;Siáté.á' Gov^'m^nf, ..Printing jÖf^lße.»' - M9*&* • ■ 3-ha1 '-ĵ toaagrifeéaá̂ .̂..̂ îsä.?̂ :-;act-Sjb̂>.;fejbá--¿r XIX Ndv- 4.95*' ^Discussion o f Is ra e li . ■‘;Xí$|iea4̂|fc^^ fh ii ip -É4kA^'$éDö|)art n t .of Stato Publication Not■• 5365»; Washington: United ̂.̂ ...^taté%,Ppv^?^|itut^^^í^:'©fláóO# ■■'■'''■•'■■ , ' 3foaOB&nafitö3^^ .flullétiftk X7I1.Í Nov 441« ^Éniiwétok Ato li* to be .......;l̂|ti:p».0dt;"’!í*:óáí,;' V /JNp̂ ‘<»»jeÌ'\ ‘i f e o i - . i x p e r Ícente, * 0&. S* , Department o f State Publication No* 5004, Washington: United .. statö öpvö öffico^ 1947« . ' .;.* ■ ' - The Department o f State 6uiiStln . _.X?|fX No*. 464, ft Jófaá| Ih'pölaifflad 4P ' ;' 'V !" an^indepeudeh^ 3±.. Apartment' o f Stato i^liqatitMa Noi; 5151 »-Washington:- ' United Stetes: Sovermnañt Printing <áffioe> • 'jì-: ' .fhái,l^iy^tAtonth.cjf State - Bulletin». X| $0®. 286, '^d^^PsP^íS^d^tpd; Iolanda;, '1 ' V ' ,:ö ^ 2228* Washington! United .-; ..stateli épvpíí^hit Minting? Óíil$ia* 1944♦ - . . ,• ' j; r; í ■ , ' Thè .Uébaf'tfcànt, of. .3teta .Bniló^ipw ,X?. Nov '$$$.§ “^étiióg. p f .the Atonda " V o f State P^iic44iéh. 'No¿' 257$, . faahjbg^iái ' ' ifeitair . g ^ t i e . . ) R r ' í á ^ ^ > - © f f á c ^ ; . Í944*'. The Department of Stato. Bulletin« XJX No* 461, fllfeoting. o f Gemei! o f ' ' . ; ' ^foreign ÌIÌnìatef3i'tO'’l)iecuàs|\ltaiìan..Gd^ S¿ Dppaf-taio.nt' • ' o f Statò Publication No. 328jj¡íy Wàshington-4 United States :{k>tfsfh* tóent..ffiátihg'O^fÍGój 1940-«.; 'V / fhé Bépartgiont of.State Bulletin4 XVilI Ho» 46 í , “f ^ Palpatine Situation,“ • Ö/ä̂ r̂ tä. 'iŜi .̂ ua-bin.,, Uy State Publication' Ño* 5132» Washington: United States Government Ehe fteOartBOnit of; Sta tS : 3u&Iatìn «, X v lll N©v463> "ífcocódUPé íú Ap3>lÍoa.jj tión of/Ar t l c l e s ^ with Regaré to- the Pacific. , Islands im iß t ¿i&ßgg&ö- pf/ttòlUnitèd; Statai of America,0 V* Stf Dopartment o f State Publication So« 5147, Washington: United .!&4..Dsai^iaÉ¡afe:f e XÉXtl: Ño® 4¿¡1» “Questioni Involypd iö "’""."7 !QÒnòÌ^:;ef:ifr$itÒÒl^^ Philip G,; Jessup, U») S« Department o f State Publication No.1 $140,. Washingtons United fhe DOrärtraSnt: ò f State Bn íletiá . X IIt NO.1. 5l9i‘ >nTripartite Conference ...At BariiCf* W S^i-Sè^rtàtóni o f State Publication No. 2569*, Washington: United States Government Printing O ffice, 1945* TbS:: Departs .Wit' S i d * ' W “u* s*,;-.PpBii.ion-; da ’$$$$$**■ ' ' - 0 ^ ' , : % Ebpartffleat. > f Stat# 3Publi««- oation iio^;270ii 'Washingtoni United States..: (kwerra^at friating.,. Office, 194$# ■ ., ■ ...■<;. , -t.; .'7 ‘ Tbe Itepartaiont. of. State Bail a tin« XX -Hp;o,.̂ l.- Support# Israel'*# 7'-v7 '■'appileeildSi feitsd ii&M'Qrig-,;:9* ', SteieiQaat/.by Smbaa* ' .##0#*# WaJiSja%■ S4siin*;- 0«, G* D0i#£tK#nt ,of State Publication Uo*. 5510, Washington*;' S1»t©i? .Go?#?ftSpent Printing. Gf£ioe., 1949* Tfe ;:o£ SflllL $#$ 450* “Use of ilaiiabav̂ M^- ■ ' v ’ Force*“' tf*. % Departaent o f Stat#,, ■ ■ PiibIicat,ion No# 5^52* Washington: vff§S$94 State# OdvetbiSQat Print**' ;, |9^si ,. , ' ' • ‘ ' ‘ ‘ , Ahe;.^r^fea^4..of State Bulletin* 454, “Work of tb© G6s-.%; Goad 7 ■ '■ 3*. Department of State ' Public'#* tion No*, 5088» WaoMngt^f. United States Ooverniaant Printing office * 1948* ■:../ .. '; Di#iienaiife..,ef;.:^^ lteited.,State3 T a riff Soimiesioxii '®4sl# .ingfcpni l Urdfed 'States SpTrarrmieai Printing Office, 1924* Draft TnMteSSblP AgreeBent.. fb r .the..dapane#e * U* S'* Department of State Publication NoV 2784, Par Eastern Serine So* 20 j Washington: United; S ta teaG p ^ r^^ Oi^fiee,;; 1947* - rkafibartdn C^ka ^bumeiata, on Iritei^tlora^ -U# S*. Depar^ent o f ^Oi WaeMng^ ton» United States Government Printing O ffice, 1945*' Edmund#.» StefIlngUS#* • internationai.;lau • and the. ̂ eaffi.-of- .Peace*. Senate ” Document Ifdat 'United state# ^ r | n t i n g - . 7 7 7 ' 7 < • ■/■ Peawlok*:.'Oba^ieei &t7and -Willguabby.^.tb- W** :iy^#a..#ff;dtca^ • eighty and.,of,Golonlai.Autonomy* Uaahifegtbn* Unit## ’States' Govern* meat Printing^ Office*'. 1919t .77: Pen^Clc».’Gbarisa 8»*.•3^ffdehip!:lajjfi^imationad;d#^*. Waabington* ■• United State' Gpvernment.ir 191.9* ' '■* '7 ’ .-■. - ; _• . ■ ... ' . . . * , ' . ■>■ \: !Eh#jEewla&ifd;yS^ik B#afinge; bef#?© tb# .Odi^tte#' on "'•7'' Forelfen '^ f a i r s ' ' aScie# o f Reor#aent4ti#e9*- 28tb Pong*. 2nd Sea#*, ’ Kapian, .Sheldon #*,-»;. Uk^htieth Ctonareea Pirat. Seasian. and.;tbev, Unitea: ! ^ ti#na* fe ■ S* Department: e f . Stals# EubMcdtion No.*; 298Sy '. Sf# |iafoittatjlon Series Up;*:- 28y W#SbMgtdni;.- United State# Government Kbre&fa :-I^^:^naQabc. -' -€r̂ ‘ .̂ ifiî fcij&s1. Fublioation -36» 295J>> " •‘ '/' '5®r".Saet^ih S&:* 1$.# -W#ftifc;g^tt:i ■ Waited State Government ' . - ¿ m ;, ..,; / : ;, .■: . ; , . Mat. o f H6v,:e 1X*2!?.» '" ' r-': . t l i l y '• py r£i$£' D i^glon of" X a M r^ t ia ^ l d^nfefenOOEi113a*' •.;'. p^tf#a% o f S|&£$f '■ '-.' .' ' ' '•' •'■' •^^datirii^v^iqatiR lit: .ftf.3» o f State, jpubllcaticn'. ilo#'' t j j * '"' 'Ho#- ;X|.-'^|Mii5g^ii;i; United states 9overna©nt .' Sonferaneo Series -Hof. 79# Waahingtont United Statea Government Qrganlgdtina-: the. Ifevltad .nationsa - ̂ Series o f ArtX^ia:a ffoffi. £h$ pepart!» ■0̂“- ' - 3s, Department o f S tate, Publication' Ifo. : ;■■' •■''••: 'r •’■1 - • - . * ' • - • '■. " ■< ‘■, . • y. ■ '-'1 .- ̂^ ̂,' ':u ;.■J■.'1 '-:^ the Secretary o f State, U# S>. Department o f State Publication Iio. 2572, Conference Serio,a-Ho# 87# WaShiagtom1-. Sni.tdd Statue (tevera*» aient Printing O f f v '"""r:-" ' - S t # - S e f i e e i S d * ; I0p#. Washington:; \X feitld .;s ^ | ^ ' :|feyf^E^at: '; : l lioatioa Hof "2M$}' 0eiife?ene$ S#Mae > 9* 69, faoiiingtonj United Statoa Govefnijisat; Qi.Off. $2222*. 6 f\ i^ 6 ^ :;g-k:’SA 'Seos^t^nt' b f SMto: ,Pub­ lication-'Hof.' 2l&7f 95#- Washington* - Halted: • States Government Printing Office, 1947» garM M pation 'of the Unite^ »-»-- X. 19&>fJune 50T' l94f.4- 0» 3* Department o f State Pub»* •Xi®Mdn;.!io*''505^» *-»- ,------- «;̂4» ■Ai„V„^_'jS.k.‘y.t. ,<̂ ii9i> . iaa Wo* Ifasbingtont . ©fficO# ■ ’■ :J ■ pnitéd States Govérbinsat fjrittiing Sffiôé* Itepâftr»' -iy&. iïô* %y Washington* United ¿tetes •ébMjétíij»a^;.ÍSÍati¡^: Office.*. . i ^ , , ' : . r ;' ■; . .. ;. ; . , \ , . ...... v.;^ . . , . . . . ' ■■,r ■=:,./■. ; "" iMëtelôa:;'^^ Uaited Nationâ» .fina* . land.. '‘Wy. 'S« ’ D&¿árttgaht ò f §^ét^/"^pi|ieatiótt ito* 24S^, Ctoi^:f9¿C$ .Sèriea iîo., 02.,., Washington* t&âieiè 'States ttewfcsBiea^ ...'■■■ ■ V ■.._... ',; ', *■' Stetid'gt~oa .thè’. Eàfla. Jge&óa, Conférence» bÿ thé Secretary o f ;ôta.té:i V* #4 ; ..-î .:a Nei;* 2ái$2, Ôçnféfeniòé. périss Nò* 90» • ; Uhì tedStatee G c y « r n f f i é é $ i f w S i ' ..... . .,. .HepsrCvtòi thé.. M¿sSifé!éat^&&. . the..Boa ulta. Já$¡.. the, Saia ..fòrsnciéao. .Oónrerencci ■ ! " ” •:''y*::'.S* Conference ;Seriea. fío* Ti.» Ohitéd Sta-tee Govèrnigent Οintihg. Office-*Ì9%>* Stfuotara:- ò f i-thé-.:,United .Nations, ani thè,.Bela11 o&à..ò.f...tbo.. tfaltòd Statc^; to tM',’;8rálbeá¿ ’Nations-». fìe&ringa before the Oótteáttée, oà Foreign ' •■■ Af ^^; r^vllìò\i|ò' .bi" i f&cñl ^boaf ... jüait<^ Sifesrye '#0̂!#*^«,% 1&satyxelf.J^effi.,i&th..Jtal#.fcN3uiffi^ U» -.. 2i.ÿ Waobìagton.!, United ¿tatsa Gs^erraient. ,^'i¿ting.: OffieSj 19^7*., I ^yegTO-y^ééw«^.,.Mtafe ».. j&ánbfbítá^s' o f the Text o f thè1.' • " Treaty/'-Ú* S*rÌJèpòxitìseat'; ’ò f \3.tatQ' ihiblichtion Nò:* 2724« Conference Series, la * 92* Wàshington* United States Government Î^ in ting , O ffice* 19#7* ;. ■ - i : V ' : ..-. ■ ; .-; ’'•. fsfo. -Aa^Qts .e'f. TrnateséMb» Ö* 3*: Ûépàftïiôntôf State Pubiioatioja Na*. '. . 2050* V* 3« ■¿r- $0* ' ■ '' : s iia ft ió b t a f ,SiWw--] :jSÉ0h¡L: Nò,* 0.5* %eb.iri^t'0:nt: United ' 1#Ò5* - . ■ i ' " . ■ ■ ' . ' ; • ■ X A?tiôlë 22. of 'toé; Oovénaat £uid otter Saleo ted Artlolea. Ili' . Oonstltutiísa, ö f thö Fërnsanent îfendatés; Sonaaigôlon . ; . Rules i' o f .jPrqc'öäuf s o f the Pa-rmriont Mandates; ' GoiŒaiasioft IV .:$ei3fttqrl0 áifcaÍL^£ t h « r | < Q ; ^ g ^ ; - a f ■ ; ¿Madète 'Sygtqst: ' ' • d • ' &PPMDI&. A Mo ...I . , Source of Ihfromatlon for Mo.» X: League of Mations O ffic ia l Journal. Part 1» 1920, pp* 5*12. .... .... v-v'''’' """ ” ’ Article 22 o f tbeOovenantand othor Selaoted Artioloe To those Colonies and territories which as a çonsequsnce of the late war have ceased to be under the. sovereignty Of the States which for­ merly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under thé strenuous conditions o f the modern world, there should be applied the principle that th© well-being and develop*' ment o f euCh peoples form a sacred trust o f civiliaation and that secur*:- 1 ties' for the performance o f this trust should be embodied in this covenant. ; The best method .of giving practicai effect to this principle is that the tutelage of such peoples should be entrusted to advanced na­ tions who, by reason of théir ■reeoUroes* their experience m>?. their geo graphical i:poeitio% can best undertake this responsibility, and who are w illing to accept i t , and that this tutelage' should be. exercised by them a© ;'I^E^t{n?iee on behalf o f the League. . , f h©'.eba£aeter of the mandate must d iffe r according to the stage o f the development of thé people, the geographical situation o f the te rri* toi^,. f to; eccnoodc. conditions and. other similar circumstances, Certain Oon&unitiee formerly belonging the Turkish Empire have reached a-eta^e. o f development where, their existence- as;.independent nations .can : be. iproVÎ siOîially recognised subject to ; the. ‘rendering o f ad* m in is^ a t iy è ^ assistance by a K^datory until- sucb time as they afe able to etand.alone. The.wishes o f those .communities must be a- priticipal^ccnbider c f the;'^andat©ry.tt .. Gthoi peoples j especially those o f . central Africa » are a t such a . atage. that the Mandatory, must be responsible for the administration.of . the terriio'jyv-:under-.: conditions whioh w ill guarantee freedom o f conscience and -reî-igicriyvâïü^ maintenance o f public order and, morals, thé prohibition o f abuses such as the slave trade» the anas t ra ff ic and thè liquor tir a f f lo , and tha prévention o f thè establishment o f fo r t i f ia cations or miiitaryand naval basas and o f m ilitary training o f tha. nativos fo f othèf than police purposea and tho defensa o f te fritory , and w ili alee sèoure oqual opportunitieS for thè brade and commerce o f other aiOiàbaf à; o f tho Mague* . fhere are territorios, auchaaàoutbweatAfrioa andcertàln o f thè South Pacific;. Islanda, .«hioh owing io thè spar senese o f thei* .population or thè i r smali alzo, o$, their remotenoss firom thè conterà o f civilisa** tion, or,thèir geographical contiguità thè te ffito ry o f thè Mandatery f . and con be besi jadbatìMMtKfeiÈÌjpeà - ' -Ì.i»S¥«-- of thè Mandatory 'aè- integrai portions o f ita terrltory , sub ¿e o i to thè safe* guarda above méntioned in thè interesta o f thè indigenoua popolation» In évery; case of mandate, thè Kandetofy shall rèndei' to thè, Counoil an annual report in référence to thè to rri tory committèd to ita chargé* . ■ Thè dogr.ée o f autbority, Control òr administration té. be éitórcised by thè Mandatòry. shall $• i f not provioùsly agreed npon by thè msjmbers o f thè Mague,-'bé; Qxpliùitly defined in each è'aeo by thè SounCii*; . • A permanènt Commission òboli bé oonòtitutéd, to .r.OQeiyéâand examine tha annual reports q f thè ifendatpriea, and to; adyise thè Gouneil oh a l l .. màttéré;- .^ lating .to thè observance o f thè mandatée* Article 1 (paragraph J ) ■ Any membér o f thé MégUé may, a fte r tuo yeara1 nóijice of it e intéhv- tion sol' to de,, withdraw. from thè Mague» prqvìdèid t h a t a l l ita Ínter-* national obligations àad a l l ite obligations m def. ib is Co venant shall havé bisen ;fu lf i l led at thè tìù® o f ite uìthdrauéi*! 7 ■ Article. 5 (per&ftra.ph 3.)/r ■ ■. The Aséfb^lÿ may deal et ita moètinge with any maiter wiihin thè aphere ó f action o f thè Léegeé Of a ffèC ting ibe péaçe o f tho world* , A rt id e 4 (pafegfeph. 4 ) TH®. Council may deal et ite. maéiingd withany mattor within thè sphere. ò f action o f thè Mague or affqoting thè peace o f thè worid*, «waiwau!— gem m a I 30 ■Afoifrìfr .3 Eteopt where Gtherwisé expressly providèd Ìn,=.thÌ8 Qqvenantror by thè tefms c f . tee preconi Trèaty» decisione at any meeting, è f thè Aeèembly or thè Oomoll ©ball rèqùire th© agreement ò f a l l thè members of th© League represented at thè meeting* A ll matterà of procèdere at meeiings o f . th© Assòlte ly or o f thè . Oom©|l.ii.,.inélji^lng. tte^^pppó^teetttt. o,f Oommitteès te:: toyè#tigate partii bular matte?s> ©hall bè iegulaièd by thè Aesdmbly or by thè Council and m&y bè. deotdèd by a majority o f tha rnembers o f thè League ropresèated at te© meeting* : • -, , The f ir é t màeting' o f thè Aseambly and thè f i r a i meeting o f th© Qounoil sball bé summoned by thè President o f thè United States o f America* àrtléle.,6 The,, peitaanènt Se in orde? to raitìisnize. thè ■ .lesa and.. inoenven.i .̂; eneo resültlng fToai thè, above measuroa, and that t?iey w ill mutually aüp*r pori öne anothe? |ö..fedieting any spocìai ineàaiires aimed at epe o f thè ir mynber by the eöveßant-b?oa;:ing .3tat©, and that th©y w i l l . tafee the ■ noceaeary stepa to afford paasàge through their territory to the foreeö o f ahy öf the Kembera, o f the Leagua which are oö-öperating to. proteot: the oovenante o f the Mw mombor of . the. to.aguo whiöh ì ^ vìoìatod any opvenant.of thè Léague ®ay be dooStarod to be no longa? a jàerabè.r o f thè Lengue by a votò of the Gounoil oorieurred in by the Rej^osöntÄtive0 of a l l the other mombera of thè Leàguè. represènted thepehh*: Artiole 23 Subjeot to and ÌhvPa®P?dan#v ^Ith, th® provìalons Of international oorspèntipna exìstlng or bere after to be agreed upon, thè. àsembera o f th®' beaguet /. . . (a ) w ill eadè.avo.r, to aoeuré -and ¿aiutai» fa ir and bupuiè oonditiona o f labop for poti$ wog©»* and oblidran, beth in thoir: orai cpu»irìee and in a^.l'.oQptntr|aétp whìóh. thel? -dòra^rdìal and industrial relationè . extend, and for ihat purpoee wil| eatablleh and tìaintain thè neceeea?y international' orgaidLzationòj . . (b ) ■ undeptaka to . eeoure JtiPt: tiedtfeent o f th® nativa inhabitante of ferritorìèe tender tbei.r pontpoi j . . ($ ) ^ ii.i ìntroet. thè Leaguè- with thè generai aupérvieion over thè • execution o f agreementa with régnrd to thè tra ffìó in womèn dnd pbil.drön and• ̂ è ; : tra ffi® in .op i^ and-sther\d^ftge?obie dr»g®|.. '\ (d ) will; intrust thè: Ì^agjdè witb thè gelerai eupervieion of th® tradi|,in arme énd aj®Huùtt.ion. with thè cot^t?Me in whiph'tb© pontrol of thls traffica da .nodo henry in thè. common ìhtereati - .. ̂ ., •• (§ ) will; ©ake provieipn to eppure and maintain fpeedpia o f -pótìjaini* patto»® and o f t^anslt andèpuitabl© tpèatwnb for th® popnèroo of. .all membèrs of theLeague, in tbié Conn©otion, tho speoial neóoeòitioo o f thè regions deyeatated dnring thè «a r of Ì^$%|^Ì8 3hall be borneC in ©indj; V‘ . ( f ) w l l i endeavóf to- take stèps in mattèra o f international oonoe?n fo r t M ’provontion andeontroi-of diBoaso*; 08 AFm m m .A i m M . ■ Source! of* .Information íd í HO* I { : Permanent Mandatos Commission Consti­ tution. tóagué Doe*. Do* OiPilì*, $ 0 , 1 9 2 & ¿ '■ '■: : ’’’ • Maguó ó f battona • , ;Pexaan®gt Mandates: Comrotsaion . Oón0tit]otÌQn . Approved by the ■ Council on December í¿-. 1920*. . EdiMan oml^jIyiag thp ámeádments-nd Goto-- .oil on jan%ry IQ.* 1922, and September 8/ %92J* - o f ..lihe:.;Í^;ág^-.o;f Sazoné jin1’a^pordan^ó ipaiagiapbd: 7 and 9 Of ■ Artici© 22 o f the Covenant, namely: . i 9,Jn every pasa o f Mandate* the Mandatory anali,.fender to ■ the Coun­ c il an Annual Report in refefonQó io the territory committed' to its ohargeri"-. |: ...... ..............■ '. 3̂ *ajâùnià»sa'ti, ̂ P'̂ g&wiìpaì̂ ó>». ífiilsét3t.3|. pisa®*- ine. the Annual Pepor^a pf thè Mandatories. ,"‘:)ind,:.iie iadsÈisé :tì#'.ÓeDtìOii on a l l matterà relating to. the observance o f . thè Mandates,9 'han decided as , (a ) fhe ,pertaaneftt Mandates 1¿ paragraph 9 o f Article ¿2, of the Dpyenaat, shall consist, of feSmbeis«1 ■ The major­ ity of/''the.' ■ Remission, shall be nationals of nQn#kndatory: Ponerá.» Í.'N'dts>by.;,:iM,^^.S't£tfÍa%- The Council» on:,the; lí:^.;MdCEber, 1924, decided $© add to the: ,0(áim&.e^ i t beings, under­ stood tha.t this, appointment should not pre judice the composition o f the Commission as originally decided upon After careful study o f a i l the Considerations involved* ' < U U U IliR All the members o f the Commission shall. heappointed by the Oouaaoil and ©Siedtad for their personal merits and competencei • They shall not "hold àj^ 'offld 'h which puts thSm in a position o f direct dependence on ;their ;c^v©|^ònts while Members of the Oommfesiohr ïhe international tabor 0rganiga.tion shall , have the privilege o f appointing /to-, the. .pe?^a^©ht;5o^|daion.:sn' expert chosen by i t s e l f . _ This eXpSft. shall, have the right ofattending in an advisory capacity a l l meetings Of the Permanent Oostóission at which questions relating to inbor ère disdneéed*■ . /■ ................... ................................ ■“ (b ) ■ *1̂0. Mandatory- Powers, should sedd -their ansici, rspeft. presided fo r i « paragraph 7 o f ':irti and óf advieing the; Coyncil oz> a i l mattej‘s relntlng to tbp1 obsorvanco o f thé:!ataádaiei;í. . and whexeas, t>y the previsión;© o f . thp- Oomtitutlon pf' the pprraonent Sándáteo Oonnaidsíonj, which wá© appróy.éd.by the. Gotaapil on Déeomber l , 1920, the C^zsMi.selon i© ;átó©1^u0téi to ét&a. tip Ita- own 'Bulés o f firoc©^- • ■doX© .̂:©ubj©ipti,-fó: -pif. ©i3$í©ypi o f , IR»*. thorefor© the Gomia e ion, adopta ih© f©liewing pxoyielona fox ite : Rule© o f Própadufe»' ©uMe^ tQ the abo^esásentioned resexv-abionj RUI© ;| The. Rexiaanent, Kandate© OonMealon © il l a©.©©abl© fe ; it© oitflnary eeaaion ohó© a y far at tb©r .a®at- o f th© Leagu© -of Hation©, a© a rule in th© é©óp©<É ha|f pf WZ »• • . 4 I t w ill meet, fòr extraordiUiary sessione at the request of, one o f it s member e*; on condition that th is requestj w'hiöh should be addressed to the Séçrétarÿ*i<îenerai and. submitted by hi# to the other members o f thé Commie eien,* bè approved by the majority o f these members and by the President o f the. Cornell o f the .League*. - The Sóndatóry Pewèràr and the Président, Of the Council .Shall be in­ formed, at least one month in 'ad$Shb#y o f thè dates o f session#*.' ■ r i> ftuio 2 The Periaánent iNfendates Comission shall.. e©nsi,st o f nine, members» as • laid.. -i|ßo»iefc .Itai C en itlt^on *. Thé InternStiohal Labor Organization may ■détail,, an expert,., sé looted by itS é lf* to s it on the Permanent Commission* This expert shall, be entitled to attend* ’ in an advisory capacity:*, a l l the meetings o f the ■ PensaneUt, CpxmiiiaBion at which questione connected d&tb the labor Sys.r ■ tern are dièéuéoèd*, ■ Rul e % At any EMöting five meiabèf- .Shall constitue' à. qúor.am*. .. A|i deoisiona o f the Commission shall ,be adopted 'by a majority the votes o f thé members: present at the mêetingi:, ' ,ìn ' ea#e; ..of.equality ‘ p f votée» the Chairman Shall have a ;ààôt.ing^^téii ■ .ÄUy.Státemant o f '" views by a minority #ptteiati&g o f one of more members o f the CosPiseion shall be transmitted, té thè. Council at, the reqUe a t, o f the' minority*/ . Â4- - the .Co.mmi.saioa; .Siali . elect from among Ita members, by secret ba llo t, a Chairman and a Vice- C^irman'. :èèr a period Of one year* fho .í&ñda.tes Section' o f .thè Sacre®' 'lariat o f the; League w ill Oonatitute the permanent Secrétariat o f the :■ CamEÍiésion« M Rule $ . . . fh© -Æ̂ÉŜ î̂ô#.iqqar. -éi-í̂ áÉlt;' ln. ppas©soion> a i least before May 30, o f ih© annviái. report© Uhtph, in c<^ori¿tiy with the. provisions o f para­ graph p' o f Apbic-1© 23. o f the Covenant., f t - i s ■ i^ ;- . The Mandatory Powefs. .©bèll- b© requestod to send one hundred copio® of those iréppT.tà to %h$. o f ph©. JLeagus, and on© ■ copy;. paca*. a i thè ; ç a ^ : t â ^ :,; to -.the ntoabers of the. PofEE^ont Mandâtes Gessài as ion-,- ' v/boso naia©© ap’d addresses ahali bo Coaßiifcsisa'ted§: with ' ÌM.© ob^óot in view, to th© 'Govèrnsisnta © f ihéee Power;©*: ’ :v ■ Tb© Agenda for aaoh epe©ion ©hall be pfopeare d by the: • Socro.tartat of .tho.iMagas, ©ubmittsd for the: approva! o f the. Obairmàn o f ph© Gòffi«*, ffiiséló©*: and coEftEftaioatod to the ffisab©?©¿ together with the npticoconr yeaing th© :0ôi^38Îan,' The Oocaaiooloft may décidé, d ^ in g the pour©© o f a. m äßiotiy by a b©Ç^b|ydl! öÄjp.rity of the ffiember© present* to add any que aid one to the ïh©. Ohaiiitan ©hall convene the GoESoisotOn through th© agency o f the Seoretariati ,ha- shall diroot th© work at the. ffi9eting3»ensur© ttop th© . provisions o f the Rulés o f Procedura are pbiervedj and announqe thè r©-*. ■eni'ié O f'h e ilet©$*..■.. . ;Seo^ef|0F|at ©h#ll draw- up ih© ffiliiutee o f eaph msoting:,.; ïhag© laimie©* after-being approved by ih® Çpffirôéeioh* Shall b© . íes p i !r* © ep^iœl' f i le t ' Sepie© ©hail, b® çQann^djatçd te the Spano!| and to tb® pandatpry Power©*. . Ai; thO/bèiihi^hg-ef-;%te ordinary ©©©©ipaj: -the Goji| .̂eaipn, é h ^ ì ■ ; under bah© a aeparàtee^niination and'-dispuseión- -of oap.h o f the. amiuaí- rep p rié\é^^ t|^ :’by ih©’; e?©mination..and the discus©ion shall take .piece* la each ■OS.©.©-|: In' the. pr©©©©©©: o f the apere* ditod representative© of the Mandatory PPwop which is sued. the report,, After thie azamiriatioii, -the Oemmiesion shall decideupon tbs form, to be given to the. observations.t6 bo. transmitted to t-bn,.Qo«afeil o f the . league. ;|'f the Commission is net tciahlaows»- i t may 'present, it s observe- tions in • the.. -form, o f -majority sod minority reports* .ihpaa.pbseriii^ttpas shall bo. In every cd.se, communicated to t?• 1,555: 0 Australia "•••? ■'.. 9;- / 3.400 Mow Guinea' ' # ' Australia ■’ ..,. • 587^25 South Pacifie lelania '.' 0 Japan V; ;-;^v 030 121,128 1 Figures £qt area and population aro tákeñ fr'óffl tbe Mandatos, Sva* . APÉAf&àtióift* Gene.váiv G^êv&i o f ííatioiiá, 19$2, ;' . i'? -;. ;■ .::-;.:Jl J The,reconversion figuri' M 14uä?ö ©ile was used in order to òónvept &ùm kiiotìs.tòra ’t̂ : ailoB». • M m m m % . . í . . I l Charter £öp TogojUtnd. (Bp#) v; .lîï. fàh ßyttä an4 the lièbanon i|eaúa^¿v LeagttO: pf ^tioftA 500© Sp;* Zi/pï/Ù Artici© %.. .; Tí# ■ cvfr. #biph M, Ifeadat© i©. .eònferfòd; apon |¡¡&. Britannia, f òr and oft : of ’ih©, GcvBrimpnt.of: .tV# Ôoralnlaa o f Zea*».. land (h©r©iï#ftôr öailöd tbs í^dabory;) ie th© former Gejraaft Golony o f ' Samoa» ArÜ> Í ^ í̂ k ■ ; ©upply .̂ ó#- •. ■ 'tígfc 'íb|í native© 0 ^ 1 fe© probibitò% • r - militâjry training. o f the natives, athôfwiaé. than.:?of :tha' .pur-, •• :p6.a®3 ¿f : internai polios anct thé- lobai dafonco pf thé: % rrita :ry ,. p M ll . bp probibited* Purthermoie, no'm illtary of naval bases .ehalï bô ostab* ilBbôâ ô t fo rtifications erôcted in thé territory* AH lêfb 3: ■ Sub^éét .-.tp. thé. :^.^iaipn^ o f any local lav rfo f thé: .mintéhénce. o f p«tb.iÏG;'/bi,dÇtr̂ and pubilC jiiôraia-j. thô Mandatory sh$ll énéurô in thé té fr i* tory froedom of çoncoienào and tbd free exercise o f 'a l l forma of wor- éhip, and ©hall allow; all. ^aa ioaarie a , national e: o f any Statéfômbér of thé l#é|Sdé of-dations* ta énterinto^ tràvel and reélde- in tha te rri* , ':. • AftiP 'ïf • 4- - - - ^n3à^iy\:S'hi^| maisé tp thé, Godas©!! o f thé o# ?fô tiens. • an amüal report to th© satisfaction o f the Oouncil, contdining fu ll i?ï^|jn^ién;:' éiiih jfégnrd ta- thé: te^rÎ.tofÿ>- and in d ic à '^ g thé osa.©©*©.©,.. takeni?é : ééfry ont. thé. oblighMoné aséumsé jptér' Articles 2* 5,-. 4 and 5* • ‘ ’•' F- Îbé consent of tfe© Çfaigiêil o f thé-. Ifééguè o f Mationa 1# requireà foi*- any ï^d^îdatipn:. o f th© ■$$;£$©,. o f thé: présent î&nda.te.è. ■ , . The Mandatoiy .agféé 0: that* i f .any;. .dispute what®ver should aris.é , . bptWQûn t’o ifendatofy and aaotbér Féphéf ' o f: thé beagnp,. o f Matinn&ééé.. lating to te© interprétation or thé. dpplicàtlon of. thé. provisiane: o f the Mandate, euoh dlBpute, i f i t pannot bé epttled by négot-iation, s hall b© oubrolttod to thé Pomment Court of- International Justice provided fo r by Article 14 of. t«a,:. Covpnant o f tho I^agüô ô f Mations^.. . . ■ ■ . ; Tho presant iSeolaration shali b© .dopositpd in tho archivép o f th© léagù© ,of ;Fêtions# Cortifis-d copie©:, .©bail b© fôfwardéd by thé; Sécf©-*- tary*iîensrai p f tb© Le.agup Of Xatioàa to a i l powpra ©i^^teri©© o f thé- 'î^aéé;,.withv̂ ^p Î!y| . Itade at CJeneya, th é l7 th day pf Baoejabér^ 1920;* 8»*'I l Source o f lafotroatioii fo r H p ;' f l i Ì’J8ia^ and fo r as speedy aa 'elio iaatio ji o f dofi&etic and. other slavery as social. ■ Coalitions w i l i :&ilo#|;;..... (2 ) shall eupprefea il fores:.of .e lavetradef ..... (5 ) ■$?&%$... grehi$|i ©$$? o f '.farced. or' compulsory labor, e.&qept .for essential public .works and then only in return, for: . adequate remuneration»:- ... . . ; •. '■'' ' ($ ) S-bail .prot^Q.i, the nativea £$oi&- abuse and measures of fraud OUd fored.b^ the. careful superyisipna .of1 labor contracts and the recruiting o f , ■ ■ . ' 0 .) s M i l .©amfeioe a Strict ooctfol oyer the;' traffic: in, arma and . ■ ammunition and tee oal© o f spirituous liqusra» /, ’ ;- - , , ■ :'|h ■%&©. framing o f la«©:'.relating .to;, tbo. holding,or .tfUnafef^of, land, : •tb© |&nda|jciiî ©̂bui| fak© into eoa©id©fation native; laih$' a-hl, and respect the rights and -safeguard the of 4h& -native pbpu- iatien#:.'; a. i , :.-' *. : Mo: .native lard may be t fa ^ fb fre d except between, natives^ .without., the previous Consent o f the public authorities, and no real fight© over native; land in favor of non*h&hiVas may be- Created, axcapt with the ©azaa consent* . : •'.' .. . '. : • A rtic le .6 . '■...' . e i^ i l . Eeciupe; to. ..^l:...r^ti Concession©: lo r .tbs Ifvalop&srit o f -the. natural.fà&pi&'&$\QÎ the, ... territory shall be ̂ grs^tel by. the lÿs.nlatôry nlthôut diôtirsîtion .^ grouads o f natio .’.al ìty .between the na:tionaÌ8; of 'ait, ' Stài©®. iiombaro pf i, ■ tho leagóa o f tiationo, bütpn suob Conditions as K ill maintain intadt this: Authority o f th©.:: lo ;i^ l.Coyernjrónt:>' 0 .. Gpncess.iona. having genuini, monopoly. shall, net be: àiwéió.It’f .lifbite.inviaion^ does. not a ffÇet-thb gìghfe HbadWtefy tO. ..create: monopolies o f a pufeìy fissa i character- in. tha Inteìest o f thâ .mandate end in, order to,provide the territory ; with .fis**., caï fesouroéè Which seam best suited to..,tb®. local reÌe»tè#, freedom pf. conscience’ end thè.,, ffôe exercise o f a i i foras of «ennWip-^hìdé. nrw êPnant witb . püblie order and ..moralityj missionarie si yihp are. nationnis. ’’ of. States- î$âB^r#.; of the Loague. o f dations- sh a ll. hè ̂ rWes to terii-ie^y. and to travel and reside therein, to', acquire and possess prpr- perty*. .tW .ereet re lig ious bt4ldimgs:an4' to. open schools thronghovjt the territory! i t being understood, however, that the Mandatory shall hâve the. right tq ;6»orciee.,.:eUd:h p a tro l, a s may bp, npCepsary for the. met in ten? ' ance o-y ptibiic opdey and. good .góyérhment* and tp take altmeasnres re#-. <|uirad for such Ccntroi,* : . . . . . . .Article é , , . : - . . ; ^¿daipry- skal| apply to the territory apy général. interna­ tional conventions applicable to its 'ç&ntl^îous. :te:,rrito.ryr(i: Artidi«? p.' . :Th© Mandato^: éhall- hayôvfull powepèpf éifedniôtràiibn and. .|©|$©% atea :jÂÎ$. &#ï fi^ainiö^ «-i|fef. î̂ï0 iosfô of, thé ííatídatqry a© as integral, part ô f l t é .tqrrî'tôry ahd\©uhi©tb to tie- above;. provtöldSa* . ' <■ , fhe Mandatory ©jhall .thafpfor© b© a i liberty to apply it© |a*fé .to the territory ôübjéôt to the mandate with ©uéb aôdîfications a©. nay b# . required' by;,ippái conditions., and to ûonetitMte’ th'è territory into-a .qt^tqiàâ'i f i 3|a| Vor ádiknistrativó union, or. fédération with the ad|acqnt , territoriQQ: tìsder his sovereignty' o? -Control* provided always that thè ; c^anufeeadopfed to that end die not in fringe, thé. provisions o f this, mandatés ":: \ ,’ •. ... Article $§ . :|!̂ ̂ì&idàtoi^' ahMi jpkë to the fioxiaöil of bfcé̂ .League. o f Nations^ . an anata! report to t líé áatiáfaotton o f %W Sbénoll, containing fu l l in*' formation concerning the asa auro & tafem to apply thé p#¿fnioná; o f this iiaápddí îv' ''v ■'. .. !. . -ÀEililé i l Th© Ooneent p f ih© öpöatoll of the- League. öf Nation© ijs fe.QÜireá £p? ary- modi float los óf the; terms of this fijaniate^ ' " ' "■ ' : ': ;. ' ■ ■" .-i,,-'.. ■ .* ■ i; _ . ,' ; .> ■ / f P m d a t o r y agree© that i f any dispute. liihatevqr should arise be* tween the Mandatory and another Member o f the League o f nations relating to, the interpretation or the. application o f thé, previsions o f the maa* date, such dispute, i f I t Cannot bo settled by negocíalos, ©hall be sub­ mitted to bio fteriü&nont- QoUarb.. .of " international: .düatiç.é proyidödfpr by A rtic le l?ï o f the Qpvéñant: o f ty# :l!iep.gi ̂ o f iJationpiv - '.. ThéVpr.èaest ,inétftiôà,st ©ball :bé ■ £?a ,##■ é*% - ■ ohlvea of the League of Nations* Certified copleo shall be forwàràod by the Seoretary-iGeaerai o f the League o f Nations to a l l Member© of the SourSe o f Information for So, 111 1 teaeue. o f Rations :Mftttda,tQ, ^ or Syria and Lebanona » League DOo* Ha* 0, 328* 14*; ' ’: Inflate.-,, fo r and the Lebanon . . i f t le l# ;|s-. ■ •■■'■' V,. frema* within a period o f throb years from the. coming Into force o f this mandato*. to organi# lm fo f Syria and the Lebanon*! '::v.' Ibid organ*# I t o shall be framed in agrsoment w ith. the native author! tiea., and. sha ll tá&ejintp tototob the rights, .increate* tod ..... wiahas o f a l l the population -inhaálttog Said territory*. . The Manda» .' tory shall inrbhef • enact measures ' t o . fac ilita te the progressiye develop** nests o f Syria and the iebtoon as independent States, Pending- the: coming into effect Of the organi# law* the government of Syria and the-'•Lebanon- " shall be óonduoted In accordance .with the sp ir it o f this mandato* The ffendstory shall* as fa r as eiroumatsncea .permit* entourage: ■ local àuttoomy*,. ;; . i^tiOls. I'. . . ’.... . The Mandatory toy toibtaitolte. t^topa-iá the said territory for it s defence* ' i t shall farther be empowered* until the totey into forse Of the. organic law and tbs reestsbiishffient of publio seourity , tò èrga# - nize such local m ilitia, as may. be necessary for the defense, o f the territory,, and to employ .this m ilitia for defence and also, for the. ' matotenanee of order* Those local forces may only bá recruited from t ì » inhabiianÍ te of the said territory*.' • • 1 • 1 < The said m ilitia s te li thereafter be. toder the loca l authorities* S#|eet.to the authority, and tlTe Oontrol which the Mandatory sciali re­ tain over those forces* i t sciali npt be need for purposes other than those above specified isave with the consent of the Mandatory», . Sè^Mtxig.#hai|. prë©ludë Syria ©ad the Lebanon firoia ©ontrihuting to th© öoöt o f the. sa intonane© Of ib© foro©» o f thé Kaiidatory stationed In the territory* ■ Tb© îSandatory ©hall at a l l tifi©© pò©©©©© the figh t to mai© us© o f the ports» railway0 a»d moans Of ooramtoioation Of. Syria and the Lebanon for 'tfi©r'ftfö$©g© pf it© troop© apd o f ©|| material©* supplieo and fuel* Artidi© 5 . The Msndatofy. ©ball, b© entrusted ©kóIub.Ív© ©oatfoi o f tb© foföign'--rölaticois: o f Syria and th©. Lefe&ndh.and with th©;. fight. io issue exequaturs to th© consul a appointed by foreign Powefs«, nationals of Syria ©nd th© Lebanon liv ing outaid© the' lim its © f thé territory Shall be under the diplopttl© and consular' probe©fionóf the Mandatory:* * • V";? .Ä. .r. ti..o „ia. ̂ 'k ....... Tb^Mimd&tQyy. ©ball be rssponatbl©, for s©oing that., no part Of th© territory^ Of. Syria a©d 'the Lebanon -is Oédéd oí leased or in ary way placed linder the control o f a foreign .Po.Wer̂ : .../ ;Art|bl©§ The privilop;©© ©hd lípriuitiea o f fOr©|g^r©, inolr^ipg the. bOáe^fs o f ©oaêi^ï:.4 'i#i^d^tîô'a and .proteotion as formerly ©»loÿed .by' Qapltu«? „. latiott.4r'-t(©a^..in the 0tt©nan Empire.,, ©ball. foot b© app||oab|o In Syria and t«e .Labanon.* * Foreign consuiar tribunals ©halif hQÔ©y©r». continu© to perform, f hoir, ddti©e until the ,ó.omiü6 into fore© of the n©w legal orga* i n .Articl©: di«;. . . / .. •■• ..tfeiege, :̂th©-.^w©r©;^ho©e national© .©níoyad th©:^is^m©ntioíMI .pfi# ? yiiôg©©. and immiinlflea oh August 1, ipid* sh a ll. hay©, previously renomced . the right to their ;f©«^©fah|.i©i^nbf or .shall, ■ hayo agreed.. to th©if ©on* .•application- during:.'a ,é^© ifÌ© (à!.^rÌQd,à thee©- .privilegeß and. ÎHmœciitieo: ©haii. a t . •'th©'.ó^iraMoh-sf,.-fhe mandat©, be, inculiate iy reestablished' in ■tiàiiÿ'i ©nt|r©ty'' or with su©b modifications a# may haye bssn'cgreod upon • b©twe©n th©:-Power©: concerned*• .• . h -s . Artióie 6 / ■/■■ ' The ^adät«^.-'©Mti,,©©tia^i©h.'iaF§y^ia. and tb© Lobanôœa judicial system which shall assure i© natives a© well a© to foreigner©: à complot© guarsn't©.© ©f. their. rights^ ■ . ../> ■ Respect -for the; p©fs.önai ©tatù© of .th© various peoples and fo r . th©i?' be fu lly ,g^raai©sd:* in partîouÎ:.âr»'th©- control aa|: admlnistf ©tiön of % kfs ©M il b® exerolsed ln complet© ■' accordane© with r©.ì igiène law and the disposition© of the founder©,*- " - ----- -- W W l i I P W W »-i . . Article ÿ iféndtng thQ COlicluaion of speeial ei^adil^on agrac^nts^! tbn. ex* ■tradition treaties- at present in ' force, between Forôiga poY/srs and the. Mandatory shall apply Within the territory -of Syria and the Lebanon* ... /ATtldli # . . . The fendatoïy. .shall ensure- be a il complete freedom of conscience and the free exercise of a ll forms o f worsbipiVbicb are consonant with puhito.oFdSradd morality.; ..Ho^diBorismiinatiQn. of. any kind e-hail be. made between the inhabitants of Syria and the Lebsnon.ôn the: ground of differenooa; in race», religion or language;. The Mandatory Shall -enôouriàge publío Instruction». which shall be - ■ given through the .-pslidpt o f the native languagoa in use in the terril- tory of Syria and the Lebanon* . Thé right of each community to maintain its Own schools for the. instruction and education of its own members. in its. own langUasC* While- Conforming to such educational requirements Of a general nature as the administration may impose, shall.not be denied or impaired* . -, - Article p Thé shall.: re|^ain ..from a ii lnterforenea in .the ad^nisf.. tration of ..the Opuaetijs of management- o f '.in. the-, management of religious çoimmities and #créd shrtoee belonging to the ' various reli^onéÿ the izrpuoltyef which, hae been expressly guaran toed, .. -..Article i© ... .fijé é u p e r y i s i ^ -by. .the Mandatory, oyçé't^é .mission in éyria..,and t^ ^ i^ h a n ^ te-'tb# maintcnanco. of public order and good govornmenti the activities- of tirase ro il^oue mis*, sions shall in no way; bC- rñé^^téd*;..lítc>r shall, their aeaberé b§¡¡ sub|écted to àsÿi restrictive measures; on the ground o f nationality, provided that their úotiyitiés are' confined to the domain of religion*" The religious, mission- may aleo Cóncérn thé®selves With education . and relief.* sub3oct to the générai, righ t. Of regulation and control fry the fend^ory of of thé- local government, in regard to education» public: instruction: nnd charitable relie f*, V • . - - '-Article..-ii-• ■ The feudatory Shall see that, .there is no discrimination in Syria or the Lebanon against, thé national s, including Societies; and associa*- t í orlé, of Any State Member of the League of Nations &e compared with. lté own nàiionaiê|ï iaâliîdiïig Societies and' associations#; or with th© nationals. à f any oit©# for ©¿¿pa State in matters ooneCrningi^ ..or commeféëj $h© exercise o f professions or ^ d ^ t fi© © » or, navigation», of i n. . th©i #df t^^' i >f : - © ■ Similarly >: there. sM ll/beno. .... discrimination In Syria or iho Lebanon against joods originating in or destined for any o f the said States; there shall be freedom o f transit, under .^^i'tab:|e.- .^ndition0;|-a;ii!?oas. fb f said territory* ... ■ , Subjeot to the above ». th© ■•Mandatory may impose or cause to be in»«*; ■ poeodbytbs, localg©v©rnm©nt© such taxes, and customs, dut lea;, as i t may.. , Consider necessary* . - T'ROv.fendatory, or thé local goybi^entB;. ' aoting under 4té advice, amay • a lfo ëonçlüdè on grounds o f Contiguity any epeol&i cub* tomé a^angémants with ©nadjoining ©owatfyiv ' Thé 13Çndebo|y may take or -CdUse to- be 'taken,' subject té; the provi* siona o f paragraph j£ o f th is artio lè , ewoh steps ast .it may think best to ensure tbs deyélopaenb o f ths ;net^^i...re0o^ees;.;tf ilk* ©aid territory and te, Çafégçafd th e ^ j^ '.popaji^libn:*. Concessions , f b f thè. development., o f the©# natural reéotnrdéé shall be granted without distinction o f nationality between .the; nationals o f a l l States Members o f tho. ¿¿ague o f Nation©* tut on condition that thay.do not infringe., upon the. authority o f the, lo c a l. government» Sono©estons in the nature o f a. général raohopdly shall not, be granted « . This clause a hall in no way lim it tbs fight, .êf,,the Mandatory, to create, morièpoliea of ■ ©-•. péifely, fisca l, .ln.;tfhÇ.; liite fe it o f .thé: territory o f -Syria .and tho ;j^tsnC%;, and with a ; view ip. eesarlng to the" territory: it© ^Idéal re«* sources v/hic.h would appear beet: adapted to the .loCal needs, hr, in cer­ tain eaeef> with a view to' .deyeidpiàg. the -natural;' resources ̂ lth e r d i* reetlyby: the State o r . through; anorgaoizatiQn under its control, pro* vided that this dose not involve either, dirsctly of indireotly tie. c fe * . ation of. a moïiopoiy of the natural r.eso.urceg, in favof forth©,’ Mandatory * or i t s nationeis., 6or .involve aCy preferential treatment which-, would bd ■ incompatible; with the- economic^ # (^ s fÇ |è l and Industrial equality giAafanteBd above;#,. - .irb lc ie 4&--- • ■ . fhe, î^ndàtery .shall adhere, on behalf ©f Syria aa$ |j&ô r:iebeise%!. to any general. ihtaf-aational agreements already existing!; ,Cr 'Which té. Concluded :hereafter with the approval .of tho League ©£, •.!& . apeet to t^v.followingj .th©, slave braflÈe, In- draga,»; the ... tra ffi© in arms and...aHmtoîtioû, commercial equality, freedom o f transit 1 and. navigation». aeria l lévigation,, .postal,, telegraphic' or wireless Com»- and méaénreç for ike' protection;.of literature, a rt or in* dustfie#*, ; ".,l \ .. 'Ar4ieiiJ|- . the- .Mandatory spoufe the ad^eion, o f Syria and the Lebanon, so far as. social » ,ip$igLim$ and other éenditions. permit»::. to auoh measures o f common u t ility as may fee-adopted by the League o f Hationa for prevent» iùg and combating disease^ includijcg diseases o f animals and plants*. . .ffe# íi^datofy. # s i í l ln ^ foí^é. ^Íthiíi twélva ¿onths . fróm "ih|a' date, a law of • provislono,. Tbla law ahall onsur© ©quality of. treátmént in tbe raatter' ó'f ©xoavation arid afehaeológical jooearch td th# natiónala a f á l l Stdtéá: Mestbera of tho Leagúe o f Natloíisu ■'■ AP^oi© 15 ■ . Upon th©: pomiiig inio fqrc© .of ■'$&#'. ófganic. law f^ e r ro d feo .Ib 'Arfe* . io lé i-j aa;arrangoíz&nt .© há$i' bé a&dé feétweeíi th©: M&ndñtóry. dnd tha. local .Áíaev̂ t-íveaei' ó í .ali..©^©nB©a. inpttffed by tito i^iíiatory in or'gardslng tfeé. '^ i^ ia t^ á t id n ¿ déyolopiag local •*•©«* . apure©a, and pai’pylrig • out pertoaüént pabilo., worM., of.wbich tho pouñtrjr rétáine tho feénéflt. Snob arfangémímt aball fe# poHaañnioated. to th© Üounoií of tíi© tongua o f Hat lona*' ■ V .... A p^ i$é|é -. /, ppench and Gáfele sla&Xl fe# tb© ó ff ic ia i langcágaa p f 9ypia and tb© ■3fe#fe|taori% ’ . '••-; • f, \ . .. Artidíé I? ^ . fhó; .%ada$oif afeall ¿alió to th©'-. Ópuneil.- o f th©. -J&agu#, o f .tátioéé an anenia]; roport io ,thé aatiofaptfoa o f ib© Ooiáaeil 0.0,/in.the.'.í^apur©© .._ taken during ib© year to fearry out tb© .ppdviaiáaa o f ifei© B^ndaie.* Sopi© a of a l l l&wá and fégiftationa próiaiyigatád duping tb© y©af ©hall bé' attaóbéd to thé. aáid péporir . . . . . . . . . . . . A riío fo %$. .... . .. . . ., ' . Th© conaént 'o f tte. Gounsll o f tbó: béégue o f Hatioas i# raquiped for sñy Btodí^eatión.. o f -tí»©- toimo^of .'tfei©:.js&^ . .. ' : ...... ,: ; .a^ ío í© '• .... . Qn, th© íermination ó f th©. aandpb©.-». tbe Goaucil .IH* ..:Ohafterf,,:ò^ ̂th a -tfeítód , ment o f State Ïtfclioaiïon No* 2568, CanfeWncoSeriös Efe* 76, ìiaehing- tons Lï?f̂ fcôeÊ̂ tg'' ■ ■ .-;■ ï ^ 'Unitôâ Sttions ehali ©atabiioh tnáfr its authority an Inters national trttßtoeship system for .the. a<^r^atration end auperyleion: o f oUbh territories asmay bp .placad thereunder by subséquent individuai a^áam#5tat;- ïheae terri tortea. are hereinafter referred to as taust ’.' te r r ite r t t if ' Artiéie. 76 ; The basin obfeSbires o f bñé fcfuóteee'bi]? system., in áeoprdance wib?i tbs'®n^oé£a,.of. bbo; Waited Ifatlons la id doen ia. Artiols | o f the present pqartëf*. shall bé? . .'1 . •* ...nfi tp- fortbar international. peace and- áéanrityí: - i . b,% To promote thé p o lit ica l, éoononáo j .öo.o.ial ¡and edupatioml advànceBfânti.Of'. the inm bitanto o f the. trust territories*;, and thèï#; pro^ grèjçiyo de^elop^nt^ towarda aelf^-gjvorrffient or tnàégéhdèacè as may bé- appropfidtevbs. the- ^of..ea|^'^rjt^ti>iy and ibe.; • peoples and the i jm iy eapresaed wishes of the peoples cenòerned, .and .a f may.bé’ pfoyided by thè. tarmò of eaoh trusteeship agreement) .... .. at' bn endbufage feapSSt fo r human rights aad. fo r fttadaçrôntal freedn13# laaguagSj or r e l i ­ gion, and to . pn^ox0a.0, T0iùgnitiûn o f the interdepëndoné# o f the pooplas óf bhé\$bífdi-and.:, '..;___ . ..■ ,' ..;, ;: . : .. ¿U to eneùré equal treatment in soc ia l, eOahOmidvj;. .and.ùéta* • meyeinl matters for a l l Members o f the Oíiited•Watióni-,..aiid; '■their nation*»' •ala,,. and also epoal treatment fo.r the latter ife. tbé' 4É^É^^n-Íidfí- <¡t • Justice, without prejudic'e' to the attainment o f the foregoing áóbjec* tivee and £rúb;|é;ot̂ to thè provlbions' o f ArtiöiSr SO* '• ^isa»sjgg ■ ' - - v . - ■ '.Artiéië Tl \ - . 1« Thè. ’ tiliatósahip system Shall apply -60. èu«:.n/^;rrì:1borÌQS in tbô- following, .-may bé pia<$ôd tMrundef bÿ xtà&àà, ò f trustee* " ship agrëeéentas - ' . ' :ki; territories now hold under mandate; • .•.Y'fefc- territòrio a wbioh may bo. dotacbçd from $n§my states as a result., o f the' SeòQàd World ¥&t-î:&nâ. . • é i:--territories-: vo lnc^ ly placed j&idef thè system by.states responsible for theijr. a^in ietr^tipni: ; . .... ; , :2y I t wil.l. b#. a. |aiat^r f5r_ sübuc^u^t to' whiòh' torri# .tories in too foregoing categories w il l be,brought under thè '‘trusteeship System and upon what termo* . Y ..... té r f i t a f is e ’whioh have beôôœé îioiaMrs o f the United Nations* relationship among whiolh ehailbe based on rsspééb fer the principle o f sovërëigu equality* . . . . . . . . . . à r t i c i ■ . V $Ms, .t$r&e o f trustees hip for ;eaoh.,1^rr£tory - to',bê gïaçéà .under/.thé; trusteeship system» including any alteration or amendment, shall be ..agjrefd upon by .the- eta-tó.s':4ire^ mandatofy. .- . power in tbs'; ëd’së of'territories: beid'. $pd§T' mandate by à iieSbéé' o f thé United Nations, and shall be approved as provided for in Articles 85 and 1* Except. as may.' be agreed.dpoft in individual trusteeship agrcefi^nts, made under Articles 77» 79.and 81, plading each territory, under the trus­ teeship ay Stem,. .anii...u?itil' subb .a^dements' have been. .dondltided,, nothing:..' in this Chapter shall be construed.inpr o f 'I t s e lf to a ltar in. any m|n»er the rights whatsoever o f any states or any peoples, or the terms o f ex ist­ ing International instruments to whioh Members o f tie, United Nations may resp^bt^idl^' bfivS^Nfcties*.,. ..... .... 2, Paragraph 1 o f th is Article shall not be interpreted as giving .for delay, or postponement of the;.negotiation and conclusion o f 'piaj^Bg. a&«dat$d eSdd$>ttoer territories' Under1' the trustee* system as provided for in" Article 77, . ... . .dfticiie'8;i . . . . . . . . fho tJ^ot^shlp agree&snt shall, in eadh ease' include'-', thO: tefna; .•■ trust authority' ¡which w ill oxaroiea trust: territory» Such authority, hereinafter called the administering authority, may be one or mpre states or the Organisation it s e l f , . . .. ..AftlSÌ# 8$, " , f designated* in. any i^3teâoH p.a0^& m ^y. a.-strategic area o r areas which mày include paît o f a l l o f the trust territory to whi^h'-t-hô' agrecijiéiot eppltoà» ■w£|>haut prejudice to any special àgroeùsnt OP agfeeEènts Artici^ :4|$. . . . .. Arti-Ôlè: 8|> ■ "-^àà% f\mo,tion& o f thè Gnïted liatlons relating, bçt etë&ï&gÎQt, niée#:*, inoludlnp the approval o f the tenao o f the trusteeship agreements and o f their alteration or amendment, shall be esarcised by the* Security Council. 2* The baa id objectives set forth la Article Jo shall be applicable to..thé.,people of é ^ h strateg ie 0̂êê:. .■«; •■.. . . 4* The Seourity Council Shall, .,^bjéô.t to the provisions o f --4## trusteeship 4:g$i^î!B^ security consldSrationa , . avail it3© lf ¿f the aeDistancs o f thë Trusteeship Ootmcil to perform those... fatteti oôe o f the United Ustiona under tie trusteeship system re*- ìating to po litica l j. economic» Social». and educational, matters in thé strategic: ' . | t shall bé the duty ê f the adminiet^rlng authority .té; ensure. thét the triiiat. territory .shall play its. part, in thé nsïnténancé.of internés# tional peace, ènd éèë^ ity * To. this end thé edmlnistériug authority may make usé òf, yóitintééf and as..oìa.tance: ffoa t.hs trust territory .,in; éarrying.oet the obligation towards the- Security Council undòrtékarv in this regard by thé. à^ iM éte rin g authority,.a# well as for local defense, and thè maintenance of law and order within the trust térÿitpfyf' • . . . ... 85 ' / ■ , ; . :*»i T i» functions o f the ¡felled: Nations with- regard té- ;S^aéà^nte;-|y>f .a|ï nre&S nQt.'dé0Ì^^téd. :aà; airatégié»;.. .inciudiag thé ’ .approvai of; thé torma, o f the,: trusteeship. agreements and o f thélr .aiter# ation or amondtaent, ehall 'be e^ rC ised .by.itè Général ^éeroPls;.,. ... 2« The Trusteeship Council, operating under tho authority o f the .general M#œ&ly» é:ho|l;. éféiet. the Qe.ne.ral Assembly in Carrying out these: 'f^nct:i®ns. .̂ ’* '• 0 . J '1.--' .$$■ .-k* v îii^ i^ fb lp ' .Qéÿxpàh éhall Boftsîst o f . t'ne; ÊQÏ:|ôwlng jiambers '&:£ .... „.,•■• :,: ....,! V’;,.. ' -a* thos© 'îdôrabéra; à d & ie is t^ .^jpfi.torÎBOi .■. oupb ©£ ^ntioae^-.f^y' namé. Üs âriîo jé 2$ as àr© ipot adminleterinr trust territorloei and ■/'■. .$#.•.&$ màny othér MéJabbrs êlaotéd for by the ■Qèaeraï. Asaénibly. as a&y bé aaBoBsàry to ©heure thslt. hbo, ;i©bai number . ' o f j$&a^r». o f .$$$» îrusiéôabip Ctouncil ! te, ..;d -̂ti4o4'. bl%ùé'©a tftoso Kstabére Of th© ünited N&tiqne whioh adalnister trust, to r r i - ¿̂ÎÇ3JF||â.- èÙïîÉ:. •. ;...’ .' 2f: Safb ffiombor.of th© îrustéëhhii) sh&il désigna te» on© Bp©« à la îiy ■ <|uùï$lt^ |$r|én tfr ■#f ■ ! * ' " . . . ■ ’ " . ,.;, ê 0 $ î^ ® f .. • :.■■■■ General Aosembly ancl* undôr Itàaubhorityj tbe fruste© s bip GouhéîX, in carÿylng otft tbelr fm ction, œàyi . ,.|4 oansider reports submitthd %4bé. adâiâtêtsriîig $utb©t.l$yi; .. . bv acoépt pétitions and omralne. thés in .©onsnltatlon. witb thé administering a u tb w iV i . providè for poriodio v is ita to tbe, rospéO^ve trust terri*- |.orié;S.'::.at ttmea .'agroe.d upe» witb th© |â(ÉN!^t^|- *w4 -.d*. thi%. tb©e©- and ot ber aptlouà ’ In rboiifofiaity .with thé- terras ■ o f t>» ' tr«® t^sh ip ;agr©ejns»tS:è.; ’ l_tasè ¡â.^^stieiaOi?^ ..oft thé .péiï^lëÉîj,, ej|ôïî|i||:§i, sopiai and odupatlonai adv0no:ôJEànt o f th© inhabi* tante o f eaoh trust territory , and th© adminiotering authouity fo r eaoh ÿr^ÈSt . iio#' Générai>Aéàerniiy sbali 'iàaM an ahhtjal féporti te thù 'Gén©*©!' 't b e ^ é i è o f ©üdb m "• ' ' 'Ó;#, ' l f -ó-#-; votò » z i DsoiëîonB o f ‘ ja. n^ .̂ôrât^^ o f the .ffisijsbef a present; and voting.« .; . :ket$i0$ 'pQ-- ’,. '1%. $í¡f..% i,ôi^ift||^:|^j!âl ..è *# l ' adept- o f .procedure, 2* The Truoteeehip Compii ssa ll meet as required in accordance uith l ia fo ies* uhich- Sbaii .|n.ciudö; provision fo r the Oonveniag; o f meet* Inga ôn: ths: rs4W ô i O'f a majority o f it s .marâtrê ; v , ' . A ^ ic ie ,^ ! . - • ... $*& i t s e l f ,of ... tiiÇ- .aeeiétéüíee 'o f the. Ipoftoisio: ;and ’ 3:opial,.'0oujiii;il. end of the Specialized agencien 'in regard to.- -r&tté'fcs 'with which tbSy a fe reapSotivély concerned* I ,. . . .Ardisi© | . ih© Purposes of the p^tò4Hàt.ìcaaS: •©$©.* ........ \..|;*.. To maintain international poà©© apd.feQurlty, and to that end} to. tal-có effeòtiye •Ssi.leo.tive/ raeaeiirSe. fo r ih©;. prevention and removal of threats -té;. ib©. and'i'or:t:&ó; supprSaMan. o f acts of agro ss ion or . ;. ò f thè pea.p©* .and to bring about by 'peaceful means, and In cor^or^ty with' thè’ principles o f ¿uetlbs and .international law, ad* Justment or settlement of international disputee or situations whiph . . '* ■•'■ ...... >.,/:•■■ 2*. To develop friendly relations among nation©.based on respect fo f th©. principle of equal rights and se lf determination,'.of p©opl©o.,f and to . take-' otitier1; appropriate, measures.tp stipngthen universa.!.. -jpeadef...... problems o f an eooncmio, ,©od.|ai,.,: cultural',,: or Stìapgéa9̂ .ièĵ îató..j&teâ -̂ '|PaE and ' in promoting, ©fed encouraging rasposi. .for- fundaments a l freedoms for a l l .without distinction as to race* gem, language, or ■reii^snj;. end . 4t $t: b© a .©enter fair harmonising th© apt ions o f nations- -in the attainment; o f ihess., ¡common .ends#- . \ . . Artipip i r . . . ; . ilii there are. ©©tabxished! as • th© prinpipni organs o f the united Hationss a :.General Assembly, a Security UoSncil,# .an. Sóo.ntmà.C. and Sopial Pedncii., a Trusteeship. Gounpil, an intS.rnàfipnàl Court o f duetioS, and . a •3eo^etar|atv i ..; , ',... -, • • ■ ■- §;*. 8©©.h ev^eidiary organs' a.S may be found necessary may bo ©stab* Ì:|stié4 :^:<&0or4ss®# with tl© .:, p r © S d n t - S h a f - . ri.« :^ 1 ^ ìS .:Ì$ . i?M .pèrsisi, :A&Q.fpbiy ,abil'l perform snob. faction© with respect to 1̂̂ ..; i t un4©.r Chapters d$$ an4 $£$£* including th© approval of th©'trust©©©hip agreements for areas not designates a© . Ar %to$e; Ì|S- in it ia te studlee and, pake- reddmmendap tiOS.#. fo#' tìì# pUrpOS#' tíft- - .. . , . ;#* .-fìfófetpil international.,' eeoperation in thé. po|$tÌéd| f ie ld and e^dviFà'g;in i tné pfo.'gfp solve d^valöpioant o f law and. .. . M d ;öOdif lddi#öni . : - : y .■ ' _. . . .-....■ b:. prbmetidg' international pooporation 'in the économie,.,. social, cnltural,. ©ducsbional, and baditi* fie ld s» and assisting, in the. . rèaÌ|sat.ìon. of I; human eights- and fuadamontal freedom, fo r a i l .with*- . ..out. distinction :&c to, ' r&oaj.'.aspIshgC&go, or r e l i g i o n i - .... - 2*,ïh©; further. :rp.C^^ fùnbtîona, and powere o f the Assembly With respect id, tette*©, mentioned -in paragraph 1(1 above, áre- set forth in .Ò^Mé^'1̂ 0^ - $03Ì£àÉ|£ ^ . î5àbiéion.a. o f tW. -Qenéràl. Aeiáid^r .dáv .i^ortánt Ifeíépábái^ Ste li be made, by à ,:% o if!^ fdô .i^ :p^ ly .-o f -: -;äfe^S0je?*! - ¿ ï y & à ï î : ;.> 51*00#;. qtieètÎons .shall, include» rob<^énfetim a with, yebpbG-t to.;:tte^^intenanb©; of international peace and eeoority » the eleotloh 0? the non?penaar^nt áerabere o f the Soourity Council, the eleotioa o f the members o f the' o f . adw .Members 0f the Dnitéd that lens, tbs . suß;pension o f 'th^.fiighta and to tiona l. sha ll be mad# by a majority of the. members: proaent and voting*. . ̂ 6 t ^ l b . : ; 5 | ö s j i # l ^ a r : hayé- óde. yéMt . :. Decisions o f the, SôÇurity GounCil on procedural 'matter®' Strnll be ted# by an. affirm ative dot# o f . ... Dedisie#:.'b f là# $éétei iÿ^owecl!'.ó#-a l l f ot-bér■ m a s e r e #e made by an á í f i| tetìvé vote of.-.,S ’ votés o f . thé- -^rzsa^tit, jtßmb^rQj 0^^n,:‘ítjéSlM fiW;- including thè; Ophourring :m lâ^à' in dédisions under ' 'Gbsiitef f t * and ■'%#'' a dispute §tei$; :Sbi¡éii& % e& «© ilag f - 1 y •■ ’■'■ . . , Thè /0'ot^óll,may, at àny..;#§^gt- of:.;|-,dì.®p^: o f -tilt ̂ nature tp . in.-AHici© 0 o f a f , .a.sf&iation q£ |i;ioa ■mature*. ’.... , reooimaond appropriaf© ..|)roc0àia,Qs or msthodQ o f v <3* The Sépurity Qouncil shotìld take, luto oonoidoration any proca- dupoa fo.r thè eettlemònt o f t(%..dÌ3]^te Ubìch-’ bave a|rèady bC©n adopte.d ,by thè pariies». ' ■ ' ■. '3;* |n ‘màkìng. rèCénatóndationO. mdsr t'h|b, .artìelèvhhe 0ècUf$t| Gom* , C il ahtìuld a|sp in̂ aa ,lnto- aonóidefatiott ,- ̂ ìb | «a ^ à ,^ ^ ià à# :d generai .inala be referréd % -io' thè |ìite^atlptia|, ,Gou?t o.f ' Juatic© ìii aopordanop ^itr^ibl'4: previSionó o f thè. StUtUtè o f tb© QoUrt. . .. ■ . ...... 1* Shoutd thè partìsà to a dispute o f tbs. i^ furè rofUff©d tip in ' Artidi© 35 fa l l , to settle i t b$r aoans indica.ted in that Artiere* they ©hall rè fo r i t tp tHa Secjaritjr Cfounpiì* 2* I f tha Security Òounoil dOPmé, t !^ t thè. di.s-r;. . pule ié in fact iìk e ly toendangèr' thè Gaintenaacov o f’ ..in:to,iniatipnaì; . ' peace and ¿¡ecurìty, i t s ta li decide wbeth©r to talee action under Artici© 36 òr to racosmend euoh tèma 'ó f aettièmènt a a i t aay Conoide r- appro- w * < 4 a * a - ! , .... . . 0 . Okni^Éi. '''' %b tbe,:. pôn^*^..trôâèbi.p:è the. .pS&Ce:-|; or act: .of, agression and shall oak© rsccnmenilationa# or"%f$dè what measures S h e ll .bo.takpn in accordance wif&ArtiOlea 4 l and $2?. tq maintain, or restore inte.matianal pèaoè and - .. .,....,., ■■ ’• < IU , order ...to. p reven t‘Os aggravation O f ■ thé. s itu a tio n , the Security Council may> .before making. t>^ ’ roconiBejadationà ;o f. decid ing upon tM;.. measures provided fo r in A rt ic le $$>, C a ll upon the p a rt ies concerned to Comply w ith snob 'p rov isional measures aa i t -deems necessary o r d e s ir ­ able.* Such prov is ional measures, shall- be, without prejud ice to the r ig h ts claim s* or p o sit ion o f the p a rt ie s concerned^ Tcq Security Gounoil ChdlJ; duly take âçèuüat' o f f a i l l e . t© Compiy ^ ith .such preyi.sipnal, aeapurso.*; , ■ ..'... 4 r iid is^| - • ’asè̂ î..■î ?̂3sdo what oeaaùrèa ac t in vo lv in g thf. use- . ç f armed, fo rco .to . be.. ampioye'4, tP: g ive e ffe c t : to ita , .and i t , . . ■may. S a il. upori thS<..ïîeéhefS;. o f United Satio is i tc Zppty such .measures«. T'-TQ'seL ©ay include; .complète; or .partial: .interruption o f -OConoadC; re la t io n s and o f .ràî.i., Sèa.ÿ a ir ., post^->. tsiùg^phio.,;. rad io * and other iseans o f coBmonsication, and the severance o f diplom atic reflations^ ■ ■' fbà varióus ©etabliated ty tot^i go^ rn ^n ta i ag^aéi^nt an^ feavìtig- #|4©' intomàtionàl F©0ponà:lbiiitif,s;>. a©. dief inait in . their-. 'b&a#o iriatj*^©nt8ij, iti e#òitàis^*' ; gopiaì, cui tu ra il ’.odugatisnal, hóalth,- and- related liplda** sha$|: 'be; bròu^xt. iato reiatìonsbip wifn thè afÌ^icd0dC^-.^ti5 ■̂ 1-̂ .> aVfC.h' agenoisa thua hpotìtgirt linto felatìonshìp wifeft thè pnìted. Satiopa afé ag^ricies* •• ; . . : . . . .. .. . . ■ ■ % Potagl i . wày tìake-óf %|^ia|{^,_3^^ì©0; èmd .reporig: wiib *t(epegtt thè rèconaEèndatlon o f thè Sogufity, pgunóM* ""•" •■ / ! *>.'7. ' ■ ■ ■ ■ . ; = . .;f ■.■■■>■_■-.. : ;..-. ; i.i;;. ■ S&cb Heuiber o f thè- Prvi té# H&tione «adèrta keo . to ■ àeìpiy’, eith thè ^detióioniof thè; IntesaatloGal potipt o f juatice in aitr Oasó: tq. whlóh. i t '|f'. à ■■ --J : - ■ ' ' . - • > • • - • •■ '■• •'•"• V - . . ; - . . . ..-; •; . . ' - • . .,';̂ .;'Ìé'any party.-te a, case J^:i,là,te .perfom. thó:• obl#^ti.ona.. inetoabent ixpon i t tender ’a ^udgpent renderei by thè Sourt^, thè other* party aay !^vè. Popnoil-,' .which ioay , i f ì t ; dèéniij * 0:0.0033,17 , moke f e «^ ^ h d a t ió ^ or decide àpon tneasareà to he téken to .givè; e fféct to thè |àd|fBenti. m ........... ....S,ôtî$iig-, in tfee. ,prasbnt Gh&rtèf .èh sït■prevent îfëàbera .of ths .lJni.Md Rations from entrusting tho solution of thoir differences to other t r i - bunstle. by virtue o f agreempt#. in vb|sÎBt^Ç|i; or which. .©ay be con«r d l^ e ^ in the future* . . V . ; ■ ’. iilfc ' ? • . • • . _ • •• .. . • : ■ Î> Tà& General Assembly ©^ the Security Council nay request the .• ie te ii^ io n e i Ôohÿÿ ' fee ¡||vé. an advisory opinion: on any lega l / * ;' .. ■; â f VC t M r . organs- o f thf. United JâtioPé &ad fpecia iieed .agenf les.*. •>. wMpfeçsay &t dviy tiro be 8p'!;à^tbo^$;®àâ. bÿ thé; General Aafembly, ntay also rèqUeët advisory opinions of the- 'Qodrb on legal qùpetipne P ip in g within the eoope o f their aqtivitiea^ .' ,f •' - Al-tll^e: W . 'fh# &• ; as tha prgSnîeàtion way req i^ l^ f ©ball ,be appointed bÿ t h b r p r i e r a i ü p c » i th© feqcst^ntotïQû o f -the Security,Coirrslî* Èo. efebli. be the pfeief a -É & ^eÉ ^tl^^ o § ^ ^ k ’'■ >■ . . . fl . .'.. ■ &&$■ s|^eteîy^3éïier^-. efeal$, :0% ,|n. ifeéb,^dagefi^yÿq, © il '%étifegé'. ■eif thét; .fanerai Aèaeiably, o f the Security Sponeglq àpd . ■ Social,Council, and of the îruqtoaehip Ootçioil, and shall perfora pueh othér ;fupotions as are entrusted to hist by ffeé:ô.e opgqnef .The. Soorètary® . ¡fhaijl make an annual report to tb# {^ jæ ràf âûqsîably pn ih©' féfk. o f #?© ^¿¡©^qçtiofe^ . .., >.v,,:;. •. . f$(. The' e ta ff ©hall ba;.:feppainbe;d by the Seere'ta^^ehefai under vm- gulatioos eatablie'm dby tbe'jQaaerai Aasembly.|-. . > 2* Appropriate and Social Oounoil, We Trusteeship Council, and, as required, to other organa ©$ finite^ .Sfationftt These s ta ff a shall form, a pairt o f th# Secret^ ¿ei*. ■ . . l ,J ,̂,.ffee para^'jpt Consideration in tbO'-iejaploy1® 11̂ of’ s ta ff and . 'fn tfe#, determi^tloa.: o f th#- penditiptte. of',.eerbii©^. be..tfea. ioeteseity . of, '^squring. ti3e> h i^ ee t *. qo^eteneej- &id _ In t lg * “ Jpbie :|b|pd :ehfel4 %■ paid to tfee; ■ sta ff on as wide a geographical basis as possible* 3 'SaffOi^ie 'States I££t-1958 f iheodaiA.* ©aairniaa o f the. ..Camn^oiOn - a t Re^Jy'- 90$9i,antf- " ';#i>jpcQ5?f-' of state 'to the t^nfstiy' ' # f :fial^|e-i'f-.', >■. Alotho^P^ ^ ■' tnirtietfr session^*,' ffee .'Ma-gc© #§/ ' Rot appoint;# ttatfesSal o f &npth|jr' state to ;f§$I -the yataiieysi i|dSii|ti- ■ . ■. -. $4 Van apps* ylpe. 3h£$f&afi a t *oat o f tbS CfOteMasfonie -. "fe# was_.^ice%r©:#|#3t-of the CoiRitll o f the Datdh ■ Sled %v;0dtob@f:.'i^4f: Thafe was no Onto b national present for the t^eRty«e.iac. 'j^BO:toe:/l'eetia§/^pm,'October 2£, to Jio\royb#f 2̂;>. ■ ■# Saron Van . Aetepk, .expert; 'in ooionial i p t P i i and In ter- ' :i^t|Oiia| La?/-.*: ' , ’ .:‘ ., ■ ■$&&&&> ■ . df StateL to the: ■. minister o f foreign a ffa irs end ambaesador o f Spain at Rome* Vo resigned tee&ttse ho.apodpted a position, .$*4 tliS govOrranent of &%Q eountryi # Oo«at |§; Baliahofr former opnoul. ■ at. ¿ernMlemi no re- eigae.d In a *T V ** ¡HttSc : « ^ w , » liw 'M * l» * l. » . ; ; |924-i*i95P "*'■ Kjf' Loopoldo -Poiijcio'^j. profeaaor at the liniveraity o f I&dridf- ■; '• ' '. ........................ ';"'’'V"t'' ■',..-' ‘ .7,,. • %&1;§~I03&: ■& i%,i&far D*%x4rade* -fbjit6et: goyerue?..ef ^rpn0\k^fqv^&', fo rm * Qoit4ra.ot.-r 0 !#£©$[, fofm©r^;ajAi:et̂ r-.. o f foreign;.. . .; .. 7. v.V '. 'R©,©ig?a©a; '¿£ i l l health bat wO® tso • 8© pa ions' prior to that tiafo*. .■.■...■■.', 7,'' . ̂ 7'-. * ; i '' ..... ¡?ount d© ifenba Garcia» authority on interactional . questions 'pertaining to ie|eniSl .Batter©* ■ • iM:v, .■ • - §V|S$iSb . "7"/. . Anna &ngge ,■* Wicks©l;l:? « p an^piueator* She died in lp28:f . ' ' . . . ...' 77.. 7- ....; ,' M u g 7 .. ...... ,,. . ■/.%92$^ipp:p' an aduOator*. o f the. :L^gji&' national -d£0$':'0: f i l l &%■.. .■' by. the- depth Anna tbp only ; Inatyode.'Of a d iifer|nt national Jwlng. appointed Upon thp, death or '^Pigpation: o f Ofii- Of ti50 7 ;- 7 ' ■ ■ . ...•_ . •' . .», . *?■ lAi<^lg iCaatI , .former .senior1 o f f l c f a l ,.in . the. Oo|Ojiio% _ adminietyatiOh. aadforqpr ab le f 'of. tfe© reparation section- o f the finance, M efeaigi#$ ;0J$n|| to/hi©.othsf; r n ^ i ^ S ' ^ . - .-.. - / . $929*41935 - j teenOn o.ffioial in thO: Oqicteroone admin,»* ipti^tiOn. ffO*- i5^84ti9l:3 and was. chief o f section In t.bb. 9erman,.,ooloni.a:l: , ministry* Hp was absent from t ho twenty ̂ fourth aopg.ion. in .1933 00' but did: not o ffic ia lly resign from the ^O^gipsion*', ffbbab ly , onso# fhe. reaponp that the League Council did not appoint a ratioaaf o f to f i l l the vacancy was because the Council had created the position in 1957 especially for a 'Goroan national. SJLnoe the German national on the Camaipeion had failed, to attend, .ita raetisgs. a fter Germany withdrew; from the League in 1935s the League Council should have either amended the Con©!©©!©^ a Constitution po aa to have reduced tbs permanent member* ship to nine or have appointed another member in order to havd brought the Commission to fu ll strength^. atiisa iü ..Nationals ofr^ndatory S ta ts e • ’<■ ; . . . . . ; . .- ■ ■■■■■ '#^t£ëh---. , .... 1921*4932 t K^fVw* ®* A«nsl»y$<$or$, tomber -§f- the ¿kmàe .©# &ejB$ctaa*: Sé[ réai.gæd to toka a position &â fnder^ocretatfjr o f State foi* i l # • Colonies . ......■ ■ - - y - ' ' . . - . : . . . V. . gàyernaent^- ,,1$ re s i^ e d in ;Î95ô.* ’.' 7.■■■.;'. '...;. '77 in thè SrftiôM;' 1939+195P -̂?F' J6ÿâ:.-.fbhi9-v o#-' ' ; • É l^nee tram ■ &»& Mal a othôf ë^iimr&ZÏd govéranent, po albiona^ L;-....'v • . - • , . . ..- - ■ :■ . ^ ë n # ; h . ..= ,.• ■ 7- . . . . >. . 1931^1-926. 0 é générai. n i fJ ^ p , fn d e ^ É n a j.-ài.gfo- fppàa^ aafcaeeàdor - # l&eÈncë; é,t Berne,».. Wap taiabie; to, . attèad ë.ign1âi' .iënaiëii b0.ca.5ise.: 'O-f; î i i ; ̂ d it e té d . iied i » ,, ,- . • 192 t̂*192â - U. 3* ciaum; haübmr? goyemor **> general ç f tteo colo-r ; é92â*X92>b -&éH W é^!0,:.ékMà^i fo ire r govarnor # générai- o f Frènch ïnào^Ohinà* ;lë: d led iri .. ., .:..., .’ £92p*1954 %.. Ilisig^gÉ^ Mad en -atfcjLiniatrativèi dipioB&tiôj and- ■CcloniëÎ -in France and Afîriçëfc - dio4 ..in . . . ' ' ■,■.* .'.../* . . V . ' . , ' ' 7 . 7 ' ■ , ’ ’ ' ' _ ' , . ■ , . . ' v * ■ 9 f9 '# 'fe iiraüd.i:, fosper eaté?$4| governor o f i^ën.cb West &£ipidêfcÿ: ; ‘ \ ’;. : ' -:. ..... ■ lapa« .;-.,. . -*• ■£%■ Kunie .lânagéit^jii .'fet^ér, j^ëyetary: %, général. .té tMe , Hoüfé o f 'J^re*:-. fte was .Pot. préôëtiz eci th&- feürth éeaaies -end rééignéd : i n ■' ., . .', .-..: :,;..... 1924-4928 - M» H» CMyjydJT Taînanaka? forcer çounseior o f embaesy» S# ;ï#è-.-ël(^filî Mis Mrsb, sèesisn: wnieb. wae t-Ms f l f t é e n d raeignéd in ;|;928.4; • ; .; to - ObP#*.. ' M ' renigaôd in. 19^8 Waen Japan ;Hit>drôw Mer -do^përaticjn: wi.th tne, Berçai naiit Kandaté/S ■ Sépètisaion y .fbëi- teague»: Qouncil-v; ! did ■ not appoint n nation-^ aî, ç f aiaoiber^ si^té no as to f i i l - ttié' vacan<̂ r,i; ' ì$&\+%959 r ÌU; Herr© Orbo* formai* secro.taiy ♦* general of the alaistrjr of foreign affairs*. : ■ . ’ " ■ •' " ■ E xt^ rd in áry Member ■ , ' ' .•■ : . :■■■ Swiss • ,v ;■ . . 1^5*1599 Wllliasr'S^ pagará, professar tíniveraitgr o f formar director o f ih© ggodatàs soòtion o f ihe Secretariat*,- Ropreasntati?© of thè International - tabor Gp^iaatioä; I92I - I 929 •# Hr*; Marold A* GriñaM1?/, ©Xpert in labor àfi&Ì£s*: ® died in 1929*. . •. . i .. 15)29̂ 1939 :# Mr* Oy W* E* Weo'/orj export:, ori- la boi; mattofò* t* • ôajesüâtteli kOli ",-ÎP# -;ÿxK^ *Ŝ %Î.éâa.; îi 'l '- : ‘ ''r • . * . -; i . . . . ,•*, •k i J& • ÎM ta& •$-“TÌ:t! £¿32*- Vife-** ïèart ■r-TY''-*^ W.W«..»u-A • afidi. thè; Baited. - S l l 8 9 l 4 S S W > Voi* iJ 'r Y1 ? 0 è $ 0 b $ fó r -S e sa ie á a Boo*- i ‘ th e ̂nonoràbÍ© Francis,3:*-.:3aÿrè, . , . (United $tateé :ej:f Jjâëriftk:) , M bassétoY - 7ioè.f>i^QBÌ(ìent. fo r Se.seiegfè. ;f¿¡. $• .$i? '• S ir C ari Äufpiot .Beréndeen , >; ;.|í$sw. Zealand) , , Envoy Extraordinary and Ä k t e i a f P ie n ip a ^ n t ia ry ¿0 • thO Ifoited l$£jk£d$ht'•:%'? -'Sessions Ns&fe #?■■ ■' . .'.. F*, E* Dr*, l»ui Ghlsh / - - v , , y ...... . Ambassador. E ^ ç à e rd im ry and ■ p ien ipaten tiaPy t » Ganada* . vipe*j^bk ld#at' :to $ : •.' /$iikà|aa «^tfebefit N a ^ i ï ;3*¿íñ b # . ■ k v . IjBnÍtáí- - Âdâinlnl^r'ing ffcwerà --/. 1 fías. United■Ôta-tôB . . 0;rV . papras9a%t|»’.é' • ■ ■ r: •iypar*- .$*«, Sâyré -í#s' l&^B||nk £©òretary o f fia i# ipr p i l i ’ Sìa Was .-. i. Ab. the. .;baginaing.o:f .t:hk •%tb?teéship' Oouhóil* s regular fatsiba in JtPaéof eaph yean a P la id en t and iVîçP^Pre aidant aré eleo ted from aropng the f ©presenta tivea of the members o f the trusteeship Council 'and neither shall be e lig ib le for immediate f se lec tion * * Members prepent at thè: third sea si on but that did not servo at thè f i r s t session» -h a}so $&£$$$ ó.b Kigb . tary. o f St8^^Qòi^Ì|..I^ÌÌii: and as diplomatie adviapp to £1.S-.R,R.A. Mr* Sàÿra; &l6o ,;B©rtf©d; aa .phàijftotaa. o f thé v ie itiag miaaiôn to Samoa it i tap , àtpmer pf 19 t̂h< • r ■'.V .Mr*. i^n^aain Q^îg>, ohi0pf of. the:,.Mparimpnt o f fiétéi»*!.0iff:isip.ja. o f IJôpôndent i>ffà|^éÿ; ..'it&$$à--&è je ^ pn truateeebip pueétions .$$. the Eniied îh^cineo.rÇ^ and to. thpv/ , Général Aosoàbiy fia. ip fâ i - ià addition hé ,àer$§é fròm Ì929hì959 «rit,h the ¿pagpe iaomËèfr ô f t hs îitfp ie t ic a .and. Mayadatéf SéOtiona*. 'v ' ' ■ Adyè#e$i.,' r-, ■ • $ir* A». B» Wélieûs ,:•■ •■ • ' •>■ ; ’ ^agdçaa ’ Bépi^pritgfiÿf, ,..; , .... ", " Kri; iy.o.r ^oma^^%8pra_8Qntativ;ô': tothô. TrùstoôQhlp' Oouncìl àt ito f l f e't': pasBiôn,;«,:-' ! .% ispa- Üpdsr^Qpisl^.y' o f Sfate fo r thè tìp ionie a and haa baen a meaber o f jparliament aine© ipA?.* , . ... ylcei^eoident. t^^d^and foupitìi. aepaìóna pf thé. flennèil:«;. JÎn.feëis had a diotinguishad .ca£êpr aa a , colpni&î adainietratof*, Amang hiâ mòra ^portant, ppoltip^f warp' d2hô>v t&Mvo yeara from 1912 that he sèrved with the H igerîa» administration, ‘ f ï f i ’ yaa'f ô 'aa governar of. B fitiâb Mondtnraa.j and as éovërixor and Gonmand** pr^ln*r0hÌ9f o f the Gold Scapi, from 19^1 tp.,1947* , EuJring this timo bp «as also reaponaible for ¿he; administration o f Sritieb ïogeland whiph baçama a truet te.r.ritpfy in 106* ; ■ ... - - ' • Alternate Représentative • • : .K?.*- A. H*- féirp-tèn.*' S* Advispra, . . ;-.. ’•! ■, .. ..!• ■ . • .!?$•: S* ^aï3^f>.^isa pjpfyêtô on Committeæ And pn thè ..3eiòHrìtF Qoin3.r p ii and Atomio ;Êâé?gy Gor^'pa.Ion. and oé an advièer on the Sonorai Aàsêm* bly *V Inter im^Cpinmittee.. Ì&4; f f r afe .Sdpf e tary and Hêad o f Óhsnceryy île is als'a- on. tha pe*ma*ent.dpiépttic®. ià> thp Soonétdie and Scoiai OopnÇil ..^plgs&tèd thàt thè- dòlogaté hap' beéh repiaçpd ainçe the f ira t or aèpçnâ. Pàssisà' .df - thè : Sir... Gtòl. .Aùgu.Qt-,&é îi,(i.9®ri, Snvoy Sirbraórdinary and Miniater Pieni« pàteattéry ;t©. thè Unito»! States.*. In. addition .ho àerv©s. aa J e s Zéalànd repressat&tlvó -dii thè. General Aesembly* s Interi». Cotoni ttee? He .was alee Ohairman of thè Pourtb {Trnatéea'hip) Gopaittee at ita moètings in Ooto» béir . " J ‘ “ Aliernàtte - Sopre-sentativè . m : Q * .s^kingf ■■■. . . .. . . . . . , ... m * a.> s . ad aé: alternate and. advisèr at thè f i r s t ses« À&viaer< ■ Kr* 0*. Graw, I-Sa aldo Bèfvèe.àQ an adviaor oa thè In teri» Qotonittee,. ftrancé " Répresentative ., ., . •. . . H* 3* K*» Roger Garnean* an èxc?ol lent. iihguiet and .àae, seon servirà in th© far éàat and Eàropò/r Hs has partieipated in ntàny eonferenoes in « ' cìuding thè. fourth session o f tba Couneil o f Foreign MìniiStera • àie prede ni retò ié Értì^eader and b© la. -a Preneh ropre sentati1?© io thè %iited Hationa interim he&dquarters* Ritornato Bopr esentativi©.. , 1U- Henri laurea t i o H e . is éurrently serving aa thè chairnsa. o f thè vi d iti ng mie sion to. Ì&nganyiBa and, Ruanda^Urniidi i, Hr * haurentie has a ■ long l ìa t o f eoIonia! notiviti©a and was appointed Sepratary-Soiioral of. Frenob Squatoriai Afritìa in 1^+5* là. al so a Freno© .-Re presenta t i ve a t ' thQUnitèd ifetions ìntèrÌEi headqhàrtsrsè; Advìsere, - ,'.. M* Jean de- ila S|àndvìi|e^ M» &* Koned* Sedretory o f Bmbaaey M* J* ... ; • • Beiglttm Represontative j ..... ..... .'.V -M* Pierre Ryckmans.,. ha e had a, long earèpr in connection with non« .• aeif-fgoverning territoriee* ̂ He served.in thè. foraer mandat©d t©rrito,ry o f Rrahàa«0rimdt and from he. ma Governor-Ganoral o f thè Sejgian Congo .♦ . ^ Adyisef ' M Ìiaayfeenà '. -,1 , f Representative ^ ' SSrmaa «í* Of Móliiìì**’, .ié tip» ambaèàadojr Extraordinary and Píen* ipotentiary to the United Sta toe of America*. He la also sorting età feè- prpàentàtive. on... tbá ''Sdôàômio daà- Social Council f -, Mr* W* 0» Forsyth*, doives as Counselor o f Embassy and serves as an adviser on the Economie and Social Opuneil.; Advisors ... .- . . . ©óíonel év % ,J^dpdri**; . . . . . . . . .B*. &* .j^ Obianery* la öurrently serving on thé v isiting mission to .Iknganylka and Et¡^ndá#0rundi * . Mr.* A* BV Laoffiès* ■ '; iíonyAdminietaring Powers ËÂ#;àa :»it^mat0= to the Secure ity Council and is- serving on; their co.iffisittee of e âpè-fts*. ;• l à is also sprying^ae: àita:raatà -r©pràaeritative on the. interim Gôp^ttoà* Adviser. •.. .Mr* K.- t* Yu**. -/ • Dr.* tin Mousheng, was formerly the head o f the Resëarçh Seption o f . thè United. Nations and now... see in g ..on.-tM v isiting mission, to Tan«* gpnylkà. and Suaûda«»lrt^i-.| Sè alào àôryàs as an advisor to the Chinese fepreséntât^e on the Soouritÿ Council.«, ÂaaiàtantSî;;-...: ..■•„•-> . . .&*' G;* WàNTL-0-' Mry Hugo iïf. G,* You, He- is in charge o f l ia son a ffa ira and ia ' third eeërétârÿ for-the GhS^ee représentatives at the inter ia Headquarters« • Independent States $leqtéd as JSsmbp0rs by thé General Assembly : and wfaiph,.jôfsjé- for Mtâeà.#fek Terme •Iraq, # Mfmbeif '-until 1930, Ràpràaàà'tatiyà . ■ „, ".. .. ( . ../•-.;, . •. • . ; % &*• Kr* A li Æawdat, eerved. aë: a .ràpraoantatiyo o f Iraq at the San Francisco ConiàronO,à- an d i^ t ïie 'f ir s t eeèsion o f the Générai APSem*? biy» He-biaa^baen.An iàt#P o f Iraq to the United States, since l9hZ* ■ Fermaftent Alternate Representative. Mr* Awnl, k h a il^ f -Secretary o f Ifobcésy' > Adviser Mr* Abdulla Bakr:,. Consul General»- New York ând foprepentatiye at l i e Interim Committee o f tbêk SanàfaÎ, -Aese^îy*. . Éôpràâàntatiyà.. .■, v’ ■ ■ . ■. ;,... H*. S y Dr * lu is Pâdxlla Nafvp,. Ambassador Extraordinary and .Flonîpo* . texjtiary|. He is also permanent reproaentatiyo, to the United Mations arid ' is now serving as chairman o f the.- Intérim Committee o f thà General Assembly* • ‘ ; ■ Alternate ■■,- ■ . ' ... . . •! .... ®^y'Ha#..,forie^!i* Envoy ‘S^tr&opd inary -and Minister', Plenipotentiary* Hé was ' listed only a3 an, advisor^ at ■ the f i r s t 1 session».' ' He is also ' serving as alternate- repro'sentatiye''^ .t^® Interisi GoKiiaitte'e o f the • Genoral Assembly*- Adyisera . Sr* ©ótayio Barreda, Cóúaaaior and in additlon ie servíng as ad** viser o¿ th¿ Génerái Aeééíabiy íntariia Cotómittee* ' ¡3r,*. Alfénse Oaertra Vallé** Seóond Séérébary and ad v ise ra t General Aseóably iaterlm Gcm^ttee* Oosia * Membér tiatil W B . , .£>r* Ricardo. Fcntfnior*. .lAider^acré.táry for.. Pereígn Af£á$£é.,. .portea* noht representativo to the Únitéd Ratiótté, and representativo oa thé Interim Gdcaalttoe of the General Aésembly* Altérnate- R©préé©fttatiy®; . Dr.* Ártüfo Mróalee ís eértfing ae altérnate repreééntátiVé on thé. In téria ' Oénpittéé of' the General Asseiabiy,*.......... Robert g » Woodbi*idge> is cturrently eerving oh the viaiting miaslon to ^nganyiRa and RúandaA0rttadi* . . the pbilippinsa ■# Kembér until 1951 ' Ré.p#éientabivé j... j' .̂... ■ ■<: .' Brigadier .GenerarCarlos ..í?¿- Aíabassádér gistraordinary . .and 3^ni|^béhtÍary£i;añ4-;: P ^ to thé United Sááiona* Sé la a lsa .chiéf' o f thé Ffilip.piáa ílieaíón. to- thé % ited ííationá- thoé t- '• bein a. rspSPesentati.vé .'én t̂he. Interim GoBteittee o f thé Géñerai Asaembly* Altérnate Representa tive and. Adviaér . .. ' Judge José Inglés t servée aa altérnate réprQeeFitativé on the: ínter-* íte- Gomal ttee. of’ thé General AsaémblyV ReprésentátivéS o f the Specialihéd Agencies . ihtéinístÍQ|íél' iál^y.0rgánl2atien Mr. S* J* Richaé ■ íhiltéd: Mdtioné • 'ifeiltéd ''líat$én0' Í%éa:tionái,,. S'cien t i f i e , and G íilí^a l^rgan i^étioñ .. .1 Goetci Rica and thé Philipplneé «eré not. present át .the. firstr-sée» aiori. o f the Connóil whioh-has haíd in Mar oh .and April o f l& ff bécawse at that time thero «as already a, balancé betwéén the adainlstering and non* édjai&iatering po«ers as Iraq andMéztqo.«©re aleot0 Sv a*. •' tem; . Ceneva*..I^aguejllSf satipla^: ,‘, 2 fhe reooriveraion figure- o f -1 oqaare. kiioms ter £ 0|5O6i ®f a S^sahe, mile: was used in order to Convert from kilometora to .rails a* . 5' the pepulsfi0Svfi.gMrS;-f$ ^ rei^aaa^^tiya' to the Security Council on February 26, 1947* was 48,000' native inhabit tafttS*\ . 2ee: .&a^«j^a^^hin...A^eetee^y-^or;;t^d, datoaae aa. ifebdatea. lalanda» 0* $*. .2̂ .-par%aent; ’ o f 20:, ‘WW^iagtoni Dtoit&di States Sovsrruttent. Pfinting Offico,. 194?« . ■ji.aperae'SS nationals' are being . ropatriatod to Japan* " î y p e . d b y i ì i ì d e g à y d W ô . g û e ï '