Groups and War Labhttps://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/194522024-03-28T20:11:52Z2024-03-28T20:11:52ZMembership Matters: How Members Change and Continuity Affect Small Group Structure, Process, and PerformanceArrow, HollyMcGrath, Joseph E.https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/194642015-12-17T11:35:48Z1993-08-03T00:00:00ZMembership Matters: How Members Change and Continuity Affect Small Group Structure, Process, and Performance
Arrow, Holly; McGrath, Joseph E.
A framework for integrating diverse aspects of membership dynamics is outlined, and 10 propositions about membership change and its impact on group structure, process, and performance are presented. Data from a longitudinal study of 22 small (3- to 5-person) groups are used to test some of the propositions. Groups that had an experimentally imposed temporary member (a "guest") and groups with spontaneous membership changes, such as absences, performed better on a task requiring reflection about the group's internal processes than did groups with a stable membership. No such effect was found for performance on other types of tasks. Some evidence was found for higher cohesiveness among groups with changing attendance compared to groups with greater week-to-week stability. However, groups with a history of member change felt less positive about their groups when a guest replaced a regular member than did more stable groups. Groups with guests reported spending more time on task and less time dealing with conflict than did groups with no guests. Similar effects were found for groups meeting face-to-face and via computers. Implications for work groups and other types of small groups are discussed.
14 pages
1993-08-03T00:00:00ZA Tripartite Model of Group Identification: Theory and MeasurementHenry, Kelly BouasArrow, HollyCarini, Barbarahttps://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/194632015-12-17T11:35:39Z1999-10-05T00:00:00ZA Tripartite Model of Group Identification: Theory and Measurement
Henry, Kelly Bouas; Arrow, Holly; Carini, Barbara
Group identification is defined as member identification with an interacting group and is distinguished conceptually from social identity, cohesion, and common fate. Group identification is proposed to have three sources: cognitive (social categorization), affective (interpersonal attraction), and behavioral (interdependence). Inconsistent use of the term and problematic measurement mar existing literature on group identity and group identification. A new group identification scale, composed of three subscales that match the tripartite model for the cognitive, affective, and behavioral sources, is presented and its psychometric properties described.
24 pages
1999-10-05T00:00:00ZReengineering Gender: Relations in Modern Militaries: An Evolutionary PerspectiveHannagan, Rebecca J.Arrow, Hollyhttps://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/194622019-02-01T18:56:47Z2011-01-01T00:00:00ZReengineering Gender: Relations in Modern Militaries: An Evolutionary Perspective
Hannagan, Rebecca J.; Arrow, Holly
This article presents an evolutionary framework for understanding the sexual assault of women in the military. We specify the evolutionary underpinnings of tensions among heterosexual males, among heterosexual females, and between males and females and discuss how these tensions have played out in the strongly gendered context of warrior culture. In the absence of cultural interventions that take into account deep-seated conceptions of women in the military as unwelcome intruders, sexual resources for military men, or both, military women operate in an environment in which sexual assault may be deployed to enact and defend traditional military structures. We discuss how unit norms are likely to affect the choice of strategies by men and by women and how the resulting behaviors—including celibacy, consensual sex, and sexual assault—should affect horizontal and vertical unit cohesion. The framework is intended to guide future data collection in theoretically
coherent ways and to inform the framing and enforcement of policies regarding both consensual and non-consensual sex among military personnel.
20 pages
2011-01-01T00:00:00ZStability, Bistability, and Instability in Small Group Influence PatternsArrow, Hollyhttps://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/194612015-12-17T11:35:34Z1997-01-01T00:00:00ZStability, Bistability, and Instability in Small Group Influence Patterns
Arrow, Holly
Three models of change and continuity in group structure are tested using existing longitudinal data on 20 small groups. Groups met face to face or via a computer-mediated communication system for 13 weeks. Computer-mediated groups fit the robust equilibrium pattern best, with initial fluctuations in the influence hierarchy followed by a more stable structure that persisted despite changes in operating conditions. Face-to-face groups fit a bistable punctuated equilibrium pattern best, retaining their initial influence structure until an environmental cue triggered a shift. Contrary to die predictions of this model for radical change, adjustments were modest. Poor performance on tasks failed to trigger changes predicted by the adaptive response model, probably because outcomes were not very important to group members.
11 Pages
1997-01-01T00:00:00Z