Open Access Journalshttps://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/75612024-03-29T14:23:07Z2024-03-29T14:23:07ZAn Early Pliocene North American Deer: Bretzia pseudalces, Its Osteology, Biology, and Place in Cervid HistoryGustafson, Eric Paulhttps://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/292712024-03-23T07:38:34Z2015-05-01T00:00:00ZAn Early Pliocene North American Deer: Bretzia pseudalces, Its Osteology, Biology, and Place in Cervid History
Gustafson, Eric Paul
The cervid genus Bretzia was fi rst described in 1974 from antler and skull material found in the White Bluffs local fauna of the Pliocene Ringold Formation in south-central Washington. Cervid specimens from the Ringold deposits had been mentioned in published reports in 1917 and 1953, but not until a series of specimens was collected by Willis E. Fry and donated to the Burke Museum in Seattle, about 1970, was the evidence adequate to provide a preliminary diagnosis of Bretzia. The basis of the genus was a series of shed antlers and a portion of the skull of a male individual. Although statements have been made generally characterizing the dentition and postcranial skeleton as similar to Odocoileus, the detailed descriptions of these elements have not previously been published.Bretzia was similar in size to modern O. hemionus (mule deer) but differed in antler morphology and details of the skull, teeth, and postcranial skeleton. The antler pedicles are more widely separated than in most Cer-vidae. The antlers are distinctive, with a single anterior tine and a posterior beam which in adult individuals forms a large palmate structure. Enough antlers are known to present a developmental series including juvenile, adolescent, adult, and senescent forms. Numerous details of the dentition and postcranial skeleton, including the metacarpals show that Bretzia pseudalces was a telemetacarpal deer (subfamily Capreolinae). The relationship of Bretzia to the living tribes (Alcini, Capreolini, and Rangiferini) is uncertain. Bretzia was one of three known genera (Bretzia, Odocoileus, and Eocoileus) in an early Pliocene (ca. 5 Ma) evolutionary radiation of cervids after the initial immigration from Asia into North America around the time of the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. The Ringold Formation deposits in which the cervid sample was found date to the early Blancan (early Pliocene), probably between 5.0 and 4.8 Ma. The White Bluffs cervid sample largely consists of seasonal (winter and spring) accumulations of bones, antlers, and teeth, which were scattered, weathered, and then buried by spring fl oods. The proximal environment was a level fl oodplain with the streams bordered by forest and brush, and surrounded by marsh, small lakes, and grassland. The climate was seasonal but somewhat milder and wetter than at present.
82 pages
2015-05-01T00:00:00ZPosttraumatic Growth, Dissociation and Identification With The Aggressor Among Childhood Abuse SurvivorsEliav, Ayala SultanaLahav, Yaelhttps://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/286362023-08-01T07:31:24Z2023-02-28T00:00:00ZPosttraumatic Growth, Dissociation and Identification With The Aggressor Among Childhood Abuse Survivors
Eliav, Ayala Sultana; Lahav, Yael
Childhood abuse puts individuals at risk for psychopathology
and psychiatric symptoms such as posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) and anxiety symptoms. At the same time, research has
indicated that some survivors report positive transformations in
the aftermath of their trauma, known as posttraumatic growth
(PTG). Yet the essence of PTG reports is questionable, and some
scholars claim that it may reflect maladaptive illusory qualities.
Furthermore, according to a recent theoretical model, PTG
might be dissociation-based and related to survivors’ bonds
with their perpetrators. This study aimed to explore these claims
by assessing PTG, dissociation, and identification with the
aggressor (IWA), as well as PTSD and anxiety symptoms. An
online survey was conducted among 597 adult childhood
abuse survivors. Study variables were assessed via self-report
measures. Analyses indicated positive associations between
PTG, dissociation, and IWA. Three distinct profiles were found,
reflecting high, medium, and low scores on PTG, dissociation,
and IWA. Profile type explained PTSD and anxiety symptoms
above and beyond gender, age, and abuse severity. These findings
suggest that whereas some childhood abuse survivors
might experience a positive transformation subsequent to
their trauma, others’ PTG reports might reflect dissociative
mechanisms and pathological attachments to their perpetrators,
and thus might be maladaptive.
17 pages
2023-02-28T00:00:00ZThe Prevalence of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: A Systematic ReviewYang, JinyangMillman, MerrittDavid, Anthony S.Hunter, Elaine C. M.https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/286352023-08-01T07:31:24Z2022-06-14T00:00:00ZThe Prevalence of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: A Systematic Review
Yang, Jinyang; Millman, Merritt; David, Anthony S.; Hunter, Elaine C. M.
Depersonalization-Derealization disorder (DDD) is a psychiatric
condition characterized by persistent feelings of detachment
from one’s self and of unreality about the outside world. This
review aims to examine the prevalence of DDD amongst different
populations. A systematic review protocol was developed
before literature searching. Original articles were drawn from
three electronic databases and included only studies where
prevalence rates of DDD were assessed by standardized diagnostic
tools. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Twenty-three
papers were identified and categorized into three groups of
participants: general population, mixed in/outpatient samples,
and patients with specific disorders. The prevalence rates ranged
from 0% to 1.9% amongst the general population, 5–20% in
outpatients and 17.5–41.9% in inpatients. In studies of patients
with specific disorders, prevalence rates varied: 1.8–5.9% (substance
abuse), 3.3–20.2% (anxiety), 3.7–20.4% (other dissociative
disorders), 16.3% (schizophrenia), 17% (borderline personality
disorder), ~50% (depression). The highest rates were found in
people who experienced interpersonal abuse (25–53.8%). The
prevalence rate of DDD is around 1% in the general population,
consistent with previous findings. DDD is more prevalent
amongst adolescents and young adults as well as in patients
with mental disorders. There is also a possible relationship
between interpersonal abuse and DDD, which merits further
research.
35 pages
2022-06-14T00:00:00ZA Network Analysis to Identify Associations between PTSD and Dissociation among TeenagersCardeña, EtzelGušić, SabinaCervin, Mattihttps://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/286342023-08-01T07:31:24Z2021-10-22T00:00:00ZA Network Analysis to Identify Associations between PTSD and Dissociation among Teenagers
Cardeña, Etzel; Gušić, Sabina; Cervin, Matti
We conducted a network analysis of measures of dissociation
and posttraumatic symptoms (PTS) with a varied sample of
adolescents (N = 312), some of them previously exposed to
war scenarios. The global measure of dissociation (A-DES) was
uniquely linked to the arousal PTS symptom cluster (CRIES-13),
in particular sleep problems, but not to the reexperiencing and
avoidance clusters. Three of four (i.e., depersonalization/derealization,
amnesia, mental partition/compartmentalization) dissociation
clusters were uniquely linked to PTS severity, but not
absorption. The results with the pooled groups were generally
representative of both groups. The DP/DR relation to PTS was
based on data from both samples, whereas the link between
amnesia and partition/parts might have been driven by the
normative group, although the refugee sample had significantly
higher scores in those variables. The results replicate some
previous findings with adult samples and suggest new paths
for research and theory.
20 pages
2021-10-22T00:00:00Z