Institutional Barriers to Co-digestion: Case Studies of the East Bay Municipal Utility District and Des Moines Wasteater Reclamaton Authority's Co-digestion Efforts

Abstract

The study analyzed two successful examples of wastewater utilities that are using co-digestion and their relationship with partners and cities, the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) in San Francisco, California and the Des Moines Metropolitan Water Reclamation Authority (WRA) in Iowa. Research focused on four institutional barriers, how actors were able to overcome them, and what cities’ roles could be in contributing to co-digestion.