The Status of “New Rights” Before the African Human Rights Commission and Court
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Date
2024-05-01
Authors
Jimoh, Mujib
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of Oregon School of Law
Abstract
In 1986, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted Resolution 41/120, which provides quality control for introducing new rights under international law. Under the Resolution, five criteria must be fulfilled: the new rights must (1) be consistent with existing international human rights; (2) be of fundamental character; (3) be sufficiently precise; (4) provide realistic and effective implementation; and (5) attract broad international support. Despite this heightened standard, the effort to introduce new rights has continued in the 21st century, with more than fifty new rights in queue. These new rights are either derivative from existing rights or freestanding. For its part, the UNGA seems to have been abiding by the UNGA resolution’s quality control practice. Over the last twelve years, it has recognized only two new rights through its resolutions—the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment in 2022 and the right to water and sanitation in 2010. This method of recognizing new rights through UNGA resolutions raises an issue. On the one hand, UNGA resolutions are generally not binding under international law. On the other hand, the meticulousness and the time taken by the UNGA before recognizing these new rights could lead to the view that those rights have become customary international human rights norms. Yet, any attempt to argue that all new rights recognized by the UNGA through its resolutions have become customary international law is likely to be controversial.
Description
32 pages
Keywords
African Human Rights Commission, United Nations Resolution 41/120, Environmental law, International law
Citation
25 Or. Rev. Int'l L. 147