Stockard, Jean

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https://hdl.handle.net/1794/3698

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Browsing Stockard, Jean by Author "Carpenter, Gaylene"

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    Continuity and Change in Values in Midlife: Testing the Age Stability Hypothesis
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2014-03-13) Stockard, Jean; Carpenter, Gaylene; Kahle, Lynn R.
    Background/Study Context: The “age stability” hypothesis suggests that adults have significant continuities in values over time, whereas the “situational influence” hypothesis suggests that change continues, especially in response to new events and experiences. Deeply ingrained, terminal values may be more stable than other, more instrumental, values. Less research examines changing values than examines changing personality traits and attitudes. Methods: Hypotheses were tested with data from A Study of Leisure During Adulthood (ASOLDA), a 9-year panel study of middle-aged adults (average age of 45 at the beginning of data collection). Mixed-model regressions and descriptive statistics were used to examine changes and stability over time in global values, measured by the List of Values (LOV), and instrumental values related to leisure. Results: Significant correlations were found in both terminal and instrumental values over time (autocorrelations ranging from .13 to .23). There was no linear or curvilinear pattern of change over time. Respondents reported a wide range of positive and negative life events and variations over time in reflections on their life structure, but these variations were unrelated to changes in values. Conclusion: Results support the age stability hypothesis, rather than the situational influence hypothesis, with similar results for both terminal and instrumental values. It is suggested that the consistent values of respondents may have helped them weather the wide range of often-difficult circumstances many reported experiencing. Future research should examine this hypothesis.
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    Discretionary Time Over Time: A Longitudinal View of Adults’ Lives and Leisure
    (International Association for Time Use Research, 2018) Carpenter, Gaylene; Stockard, Jean
    This study examined how middle-aged adults perceive discretionary or free time in their lives and the ways in which their life experiences and reflections on life structure are related to these perceptions. Research focused specifically on how changes in perceptions of available discretionary time were related to changing life experiences, assessments of life structure, and perceptions regarding leisure over a nine-year period. Data came from the longitudinal investigation of leisure, life perceptions, and life values: A Study of Leisure During Adulthood, ASOLDA. Descriptive statistics and mixed models were used to examine longitudinal quantitative data from eighty-four study participants. Results indicated that perceptions of time scarcity were most common for adults in years in which they had experienced more negative life events, especially when these life experiences prompted them to rethink and re-evaluate their lives. This pattern was most marked for those who had more positive perceptions of leisure. Data from four qualitative case studies further illustrate findings and future theoretical directions are discussed.
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    Leisure and Health in Middle Age
    (Venture Publishing Inc., 2010) Carpenter, Gaylene; Stockard, Jean
    Life expectancy has become much greater in recent years, and North Americans can now expect to live well into their late 70s or early 80s (78.2 years in the United States 80.3 years in Canada). Because this increase has occurred relatively recently, it can be said that"interest in ·adult development during middle adulthood is only just now entering "middle age." That is, it was only about thirty or forty years ago that serious research regarding peoples' lives during their middle adult years began to appear. Prior to this time, those interested in human development focused on infancy, childhood, adolescence, and the elderly. They were intrigued by the clear evidence of factors associated with growth early in life and then decline in later life and essentially paid little attention to human development in the middle years.
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    The Role of Life Experiences on Perceptions of Leisure During Adulthood: A Longitudinal Analysis
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2011) Janke, Megan C.; Carpenter, Gaylene; Payne, Laura L.; Stockard, Jean
    This study examined the life experiences of adults and their effect on perceptions of leisure. Data for this study came from A Study of Leisure during Adulthood (ASOLDA), a 10-year study of the values, attitudes, and perceived freedom in leisure of 84 adults. Individual growth curve modeling was used to explore patterns and change within leisure domains for the sample. Life structure predicted adults’ perceived freedom in leisure while life events were predictive of adults’ leisure attitudes. Data from interviews were used to supplement the survey data to provide a better understanding of the predictors of leisure perceptions in this study.