Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal: Vol. 20 No. 1 (2022)
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Cover art by Olivia Wilkinson
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Item Open Access Effect of hesitation sound phonetic quality on perception of language fluency and accentedness(University of Oregon, 2022-05) Trebon, TillenaThis study investigates the perceptual consequences of nonnative versus native hesitation sounds in evaluating male speech. When the phonetic quality of a hesitation sound is consistent with native speaker hesitation sounds, the hesitation sound is “native.” A hesitation sound with phonetic quality inconsistent with native speaker hesitation sounds is “nonnative.” In Experiments 1A and 1B, participants rated sentences for fluency and accentedness on a Likert scale. In Experiments 2A and 2B, listeners performed a forced choice task to evaluate speech for accentedness and fluency. In Experiments 1A and 1B, hesitation sound phonetic quality did not impact listeners ratings. However, in Experiments 2A and 2B, participants deemed sentences with nonnative hesitation sounds less fluent and more accented compared to those with native hesitation sounds. Results show that the hesitation sound phonetic quality can have perceptual consequences and that the type of task listeners performed to evaluate speech affected accentedness and fluency judgments. This study has important implications for how learners treat pausing when practicing their second language.Item Open Access The Sacred and the Holy in Tolstoy’s Hadji Murád: Irreconcilable Tensions Between War and God(University of Oregon, 2022-05) Khalife-Hamdan, RaimyTwentieth-century French thinker Emmanuel Levinas’ distinction between the sacred and the Holy — the spiritual journey “du sacré au saint” — is key to understanding his philosophy. While the sacred emanates from religiously-justified violence, the Holy manifests in the ethical relationship with “the other.” This essay explores the fundamental distinction between the sacred and the Holy in relation to Leo Tolstoy’s novella Hadji Murád. Adopting a Levinasian view, the author unravels Tolstoy’s moral message: the sacred violence of war fuels the totalization of the other, which blinds its perpetrators to its un-Godliness and facilitates the continuation of violence. Even when narratives of war implicate God to glorify violence, war is the un-Holy. To signal the sacred, the author extracts examples from Tolstoy’s novella of the Holy emerging from humans’ selflessness. Through the story of Hadji Murád, Tolstoy begs his reader to revive God in all his Holiness, which entails an ethical surrender to the other. Today’s reader must re-interpret the Divine as Levinas does, for collective peace depends on it.Item Open Access Effects of flow velocity and settlement location on growth rates of early juveniles of the pedunculate barnacle Pollicipes polymerus Sowerby, 1833(University of Oregon, 2022-05) Everson, Hannah N.The intertidal lepadomorph barnacle Pollicipes polymerus lives gregariously, preferentially settling on conspecifics. This study asks if and how P . polymerus individuals gain in overall fitness from gregarious settlement. The study addresses two questions: 1) Is the growth rate of early juveniles dependent on the velocity of the water in which they feed? and 2) Does settlement on conspecifics benefit early juveniles by increasing growth rate? Two treatment groups (solitary and gregarious) and an experimental velocity gradient were studied in marina and tank environments, with P . polymerus individuals ranging in size from 1 to 3 mm (measured by rostro- carinal length). For the trials carried out in a marina environment, growth rates ranged from 0.1 to 1.2 mm per week at any given velocity. For the trials in a tank environment, individual growth never exceeded 0.6 mm per week. Overall results indicate that neither current velocity nor settlement location had consistent effects on early juvenile growth rates. In the tank environment, where food concentrations were lower, velocity had a significant negative effect on the growth rate of gregarious but not solitary juveniles. Meanwhile, settlement on a conspecific had a significant positive effect on average juvenile growth in one of the four trials. The absence of consistent trends within and across trials indicates that velocity and settlement location for early juveniles may not be primary factors in gregarious settlement of this barnacle. The results also have important implications for aquaculture; they suggest that P. polymerus juveniles do not require specific flow speeds or adult substrata to cultivate newly-settled barnacles.Item Open Access Meet the Editorial Board(University of Oregon, 2022-05) Taylor, Jay; Woods, Micah; Schmitt, Kyla; Beaudoin, SarahEditorial board for Volume 20 Issue 1 Winter 2022 of Oregon Undergraduate Research JournalItem Open Access Art Feature — “Tuning In”(University of Oregon, 2022-05) Wilkinson, OliviaTaken near Fisher Mountain, WY at my family’s cabin, this polyphemus moth sat like this on our screen door for over 24 hours. It was important to me to capture its because it was truly massive: its wingspan was at least as long as my hand from wrist to fingertip.Item Open Access Journal Editorial — “Reflecting on Accessibility in Scholarly Publishing”(University of Oregon, 2022-05) Klebes, Martin; Lollini, Massimo; Gaede, FrannyThe University of Oregon and the University Libraries support six open access journals, which is enabled via our Oregon Digital partnership with Oregon State University and the digital publishing expertise within the Libraries’ Digital Scholarship Services department. The editors of these journals are faculty, staff, and students from across the disciplines, working on a variety of platforms and seeking in their own ways to disrupt and augment the scholarly conversation in their areas.Item Open Access Letter from the Editor(University of Oregon, 2022-05) Ginieczki, Taylor SarahAs I reflect on my last year at the University of Oregon, it is clear that last fall brought us more than a return to in-person education. It also brought us the next chapter of the pandemic, one of learning how to integrate our day-to-day campus interactions into our lives as college students. If my roommate tested positive for COVID, do I go to class? If my roommate’s professor’s dog licked someone who tested positive for COVID, do I quarantine for five days or two weeks? If someone coughs on campus and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?Item Open Access Cover Art — “The Visitor”(University of Oregon, 2022-05) Wilkinson, OliviaSmaller things tend to go unnoticed, especially when they exist around us and touch our daily lives in minute ways. Crouch down, look up, or step closer, and there is a world of beauty and movement just about everywhere. Human beings are lifelong learners; we learn through observation, and through that observation, we test boundaries and make conclusions. These photos represent moments when I chose to slow down and listen. By doing so, we take steps toward a collective understanding of nature.