Gray, Jo Anna

Permanent URI for this collection

https://hdl.handle.net/1794/3691

Browse

Browsing Gray, Jo Anna by Subject "Unmarried births"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Cohort Effects on Nonmarital Fertility
    (University of Oregon, Dept of Economics, 2007-05) Stockard, Jean; Gray, Jo Anna; O'Brien, Robert; Stone, Joe A.
    The authors employ a newly developed method to disentangle age, period and cohort effects on nonmarital fertility ratios (NFR) from 1972 to 2002 for U.S. women aged 20-44 – with a focus on three specific cohort factors: family structure, school enrollment, and the ratio of men to women. All play significant roles in determining NFR and vary substantially for whites and blacks. Indeed, if black women and white women had cohort characteristics typical of the other group, age-specific NFRs for black women would decline markedly, while those for whites would increase markedly. Hence, cohort related variables contribute substantially to black-white differences in NFR in adulthood. Early family structure and education are particularly crucial in the racial differences. Most distinctively, while the impact of school enrollment on NFR is significantly negative for whites, the impact is significantly positive for blacks, perhaps due to the dominance of the “independence” effect.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Race Differences in Cohort Effects on Nonmarital Fertility in the United States
    (University of Oregon, Dept of Economics, 2008-01) Stone, Joe A.; Gray, Jo Anna; Stockard, Jean; O'Brien, Robert
    We employ newly developed methods to disentangle age, period and cohort effects on nonmarital fertility ratios (NFRs) from 1972 to 2002 for black and white women aged 20-44 in the United States. We focus on three cohort factors: family structure, school enrollment, and the sex ratio. For both blacks and whites, cohorts with less traditional family structures have higher NFRs. Other results differ by race. The impact of school enrollment on NFRs is significantly negative for whites, but significantly positive for blacks. The impact of sex ratio is significantly negative for blacks, but insignificant for whites. If black women and white women had cohort characteristics typical of the other group, age-specific NFRs for black women would decline markedly, while those for whites would increase markedly.