Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 2 (June 1991)
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Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 000 : Cover, table of contents(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-06)Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 063-064 : Editorial(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-06) Kluft, Richard P., 1943-Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 065-073 : Unawareness and denial of pregnancy in patients with MPD(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-06) Hart, Onno van der, 1941-; Faure, Henri; Gerven, Marko van; Goodwin, Jean, 1946-In female MPD patients, sexual intercourse and pregnancy are experiences of which only one or a few alter personalities may be aware. When the host personality is amnestic for these dissociated functions, severe complications may arise both for the affected woman and those around her. When the amnesia is lifted, the personalities involved may experience pregnancy and delivery as traumatic, and motherchild attachment may be severely hampered. This paper describes four case examples illustrating these complications. Two of them are classic 19th Century cases, Bellanger'.s (1854) Madame de B. and Azam 's (1887) Felida X. The fact that in the 1854 case it was the treating physician who fathered the child dramatically illustrates Kluft's recent observations that these patients run the risk of sexual abuse by their psychotherapists and other health care professionals. The discussion section deals with: (1) Pierre Janet's views on unawareness and denial in MPD, as illustrated in sexual intercourse, pregnancy, and delivery; (2) the so-called partus stress rearlion, for which MPD patients with a childhood history of sexual abuse may be at risk; (3) trauma-induced psychotic reactions to delivery; (4) techniques for supporting patients with these issues; and (5) sexual abuse of MPD patients by therapists.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 074-078: Restraints in the treatment of dissociative disorders: a follow-up of twenty patients(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-06) Young, Walter C.; Young, Linda J.; Lehl, KellyThis paper presents the findings of the use of voluntary restraint in a total of 246 sessions by twenty hospitalized patients with dissociative disorders. The sessions were analyzed both for beneficial effects and for complications arising in the use of restraint. Benefits were obtained in 230 instances, and 117 complications were encountered during forty-five sessions. One patient committed suicide during the course of the study. The authors conclude that the proper use of restraint, when less restrictive means are not effective, is a safe and viable intervention in the treatment of aggressive or dangerous altered states in patients with dissociative disorders.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 079-082 : Multiple personality disorder and the social systems: 185 cases(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-06) Rivera, Margo, 1945-A survey of 185 individuals in treatment for multiple personality disorder regarding their involvement with the mental health and social service systems documents the high level of social resources these individuals use as a result of their post-traumatic symptomalology. The data point to the cost effectiveness of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of multiple personality disorder.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 083-091 : A study of the correlations between subjective psychic experiences and dissociative experiences(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-06) Richards, Douglas G.A variety of subjective "psychic" experiences, such as telepathy, clairvoyance, and out-of-body experiences, are often reported in conjunction with dissociative experiences. This study looked at the relationship between the Dissociative Experiences, Scale (DES) and a variety of psychic experiences in a non-clinical adult population with a high level of psychic experiences. The DES was correlated moderately (Pearson 's r from . 3 to .4) with most but not all of the experiences. The mean DES score was 17.2 (SD = 12.5), and the median was 14.1, substantially above the norm for adults. The correlations with a measure of affect, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedules (PANAS), were low for both positive and negative affect, and the means for affect were similar to the means for the general population. Eighty-one point five percent of the subjects felt that their psychic experiences had had a positive or inspirational effect on their lives. When taken in conjunction with other surveys of the general population, this study confirms that psychic experiences are a common occurrence in non-clinical populations, and that, although they are correlated with dissociation, they are not necessarily associated with pathology.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 092-098 : Clinical work with families of MPD patients: assessment and issues for practice(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-06) Williams, Mary BethPartners and children of those who suffer multiple personality disorder may play important healing roles when they are able to be included in the therapeutic process. They can help map the system, provide emotional support, and contain episodes of rageful acting out. However, prior to beginning family therapy, the therapist must conduct a thorough assessment of family dynamics and individual members' strengths, coping skills, and levels of safety and trust in self and others. Themes of family treatment discussed in this paper include education, limit setting, contract development, mapping of alters, building a knowledge of the trauma history, creating family intimacy, recognition of individual needs, partners' issues, social skills training, and dealing with emotional impacts of multiplicity.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 099-104 : Movement therapy with multiple personality disorder patients(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-06) Baum, Edith Z.Group movement therapy with multiple personality disorder (MPD) patients can provide a useful healing experience, though the treatment of homogenous MPD group can be a challenging endeavor. Four pervasive themes emerged in the movement sessions: establishing trust through kinesthetic empathy, negotiating social interaction, eliciting expressive movement and traumatic material, and integrating a more coherent sense of self. These themes were congruent with parallel developments in individual psychotherapy. The interdisciplinary collaboration of verbal and movement therapy works well together. Often work in one modality helps to negotiate impasses in the other. The evocative power of movement and the therapeutic principles that flow from it, i.e., that one can move across the dimensions of behavior, affect, sensation and knowledge (BASK), serves to reconnect the sequestered aspects of the traumatic past, encouraging integration.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 105-108 : The process of the MPD therapist and the use of the study group(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-06) Hyde, Rosalie; Weinberg, DeniseThis article presents a developmental model of the therapist's process of skill acquisition delineating Neophyte, Mastery, and Expert Phases. Specific characteristics and pitfalls of each developmental stage are described on a continuum. The discussion also focuses on the use of the local study group as an educational and supportive environment for the therapist treating patients diagnosed with dissociative disorders. A description of how such a study group provides a source for case consultation, peer supervision and support for the otherwise isolated and confused therapist is presented.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 109-114 : The use of healing ceremonies in the treatment of multiple personality disorder(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-06) Vesper, Joyce H.Although talk therapy and abreactive work are crucial in the treatment of multiple personality disorder, these techniques do not always assist the client in bringing closure to other exposed wounds. As a result, some patients continue to feel vulnerable and to doubt their ability to rid themselves of the anguish unleashed by these uncovered memories. Such instances require the therapist to move beyond the usual practices and techniques of therapy and to create alternative methods which will bring the client emotional relief. These procedures may involve any number of the adjunctive therapies as well as the use of ceremony to complete the release and resolution of the memory. This article explores the use of ceremony and gives an example of how ceremony was used successfully in the treatment of a client.