Dissociation : Vol. 8, No. 1 (March 1995)
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Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 069 : Letter to the editor(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1995-03) Nicosia, Gregory J.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 061-068 : The dream character as prototype for the multiple personality alter(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1995-03) Barrett, DeirdreThis article describes similarites of the states of dreaming and MPD, including amnesia and other alterations of memory. It suggests that the dream character, as an hallucinated projection of aspects of the self can be seen as a prototype for the MPD alter. Dreaming may even be a more literal precursor whose physiologic mechanisms for amnesia and the manufacture of alternate identities are recruited in the development of MPD. There are constellations of cognitive and personality processes which operate outside conscious awareness and normally are observable primarily in dreams. Extreme early trauma may mutate or overdevelop these dissociated parts and call upon them to "wake up" and function in the external world. We will describe how that this dream model parallels the observed phenomena of MPD more directly than do explanations relying on waking fantasy processes.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 053-060 : A mutual story-telling technique as an aid to integration after abreaction in the treatment of MPD(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1995-03) Goldman, Janice G.Traumatic memory differs from ordinary memory in being vividly pictorial, unintegrated with the temporal flow of events, and lacking a narrative subtext. The controlled therapeutic abreaction of such memories and their integration into the life story is a central task in the treatment of MPD. In this article, I propose a variation of a technique adapted from the child psychotherapy literature, Gardner's Mutual Story Telling Technique, as an aid to providing the missing narrative after abreactive work. In addition, the technique may be said to provide a healing function, introducing a therapeutic witness to the trauma scenes. Reconstructing a coherent narrative is claimed to have further effects on ongoing identity formation, central to the recovery process in MPD.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 045-052 : The treatment of narcissistic injury in dissociative identity disorder patients: the contributions of self psychology(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1995-03) Tendler, RebeccaNarcissistic injury is a major component of the sequelae of child abuse. The disregard of the child's basic needs disturbs the development of self-esteem and the ability to function effectively. The field of self psychology describes the effects of narcissistic injury on children and presents therapeutic methods for use within the transference that address the consequent damage to the self. This paper will outline the theory and methodology of self-psychology and discuss its application to the treatment of narcissistic injury in Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) patients. Peculiarities of working within the transference(s) with DID patients will be discussed.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 032-044 : Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: its cautious use in the dissociative disorders(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1995-03) Paulsen, SandraEye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is described in terms of clinical phenomena, the need for appropriate training in EMDR, and the consistency of neural network theory with BASK theory of dissociation. EMDR treatment failures occur in dissociative disorder patients when EMDR is used without making diagnosis of the underlying dissociative condition and without modifying the EMDR procedure to accommodate it. Careful informed consent and the use of the dissociative table technique can allow EMDR to move successfully to completion in a dissociative patient. Certain "red flags" contraindicate the use of EMDR for some dissociative patients. A protocol for EMDR with dissociative patients is offered, for crisis intervention (rarely appropriate), abreactive trauma work, and integration/fusion. The safety and effectiveness of EMDR's use in the dissociative disorders requires adequate preparation and skillful trouble-shooting during the EMDR.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 024-031 : Measuring clinical and non-clinical dissociation: a comparison of the DES and QED(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1995-03) Gleaves, David H.; Eberenz, Kathleen P.; Warner, Mark S.; Fine, Catherine G., 1950-We examined the psychometric properties of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and the Questionnaire of Experiences of Dissociation (QED) in clinical and non-clinical samples. A total of 200 subjects participated in the study: 170 undergraduate students, 15 patients diagnosed as having multiple personality disorder, and 15 patients diagnosed as having an eating disorder. The DES was found to have very high internal consistency for clinical, non-clinical, and combined samples. Internal consistency for the QED was adequate for clinical and combined samples, and slightly lower than acceptable for the non-clinical sample. Examination of convergent validity coefficients supported generally equivalent validity in clinical and nonclinical samples for the two instruments. Both instruments were able to discriminate between dissociative and non-clinical or eating disordered patients, although the DES was somewhat more effective. Using the DES, MPD and eating disordered patients could be discriminated with 100% accuracy.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 014-023 : The use of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in Puerto Rico(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1995-03) Martinez-Taboas, Alfonso, 1953-In this study we investigated whether the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) could differentiate three groups of individuals: a control group of 46 college students, 15 panic disorder patients and 16 multiple personality patients. A Spanish translation of the DES was prepared and utilized. Qualitative and quantitative statistical analyses revealed that the DES is a useful screening instrument to detect dissociative disorder patients. A cut-off of 35 points on the DES produced not a single false negative case of MPD and only a few ostensible cases of false-positive identifications.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 010-013 : Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the dissociative experiences scale(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1995-03) Yargic, L. Ilhan; Tutkun, Hamdi; Sar, VedatThe dissociative experiences scale (DES) is a 28-item self-rating questionnaire measuring dissociation. It is a reliable and valid instrument that is able to distinguish between subjects with a dissociative disorder and those without. It is also a screening test for major dissociative psychopathology in normal and clinical populations. In order to test its validity and reliability, a Turkish version of DES was administered to 25 patients with multiple personality disorder, 23 patients with schizophrenic disorder, 21 patients with bipolar affective disorder, 26 patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and 671 subjects as a non-psychiatric control group. The Turkish version of DES has good split-half and test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and criterion-related validity. It is able to differentiate between subjects with and without chronic, complex dissociative disorders.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 003-009 : Dissociative identity disorder: a clinical investigation of 20 cases in Turkey(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1995-03) Tutkun, Hamdi; Yargic, L. Ilhan; Sar, VedatThis study describes the presentation and clinical features of dissociative identity disorder (DID) in Turkey. The first twenty consecutive patients in a dissociative disorders program of a university clinic in Turkey who met the DSM-HI--R criteria for multiple personality disorder (MPD) and DSM-IV criteria for DID were assessed with clinical interviews, a structured evaluation form consisting of 126 items, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Eighteen of the patients were women in their twenties. The median number of alternate personalities was four. Eighty five percent of the patients complained severe headache. All of the patients had at least one Schneiderian first-rank symptom. Childhood traumas were reported in 85% of the cases. The mean DES score was 47.2. These results are remarkably similar to findings from North America and Western Europe, suggesting the validity of DID across cultures.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 001-002 : Editorial: A new kid on the block and miscellaneous reflections(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1995-03) Kluft, Richard P., 1943-Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 000 : Cover, table of contents(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1995-03)