Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3 (Sept. 1996)
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Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 210-220 : Developing and maintaining a psycho-educational group for persons diagnosed as DID/MPD/DDNOS(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Williams, Mary Beth; Gindlesperger, SandiItem Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 197-209 : Dissociative symptomatology in adolescent diaries of incest victims(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Somer, Eliezer, 1951-; Weiner, AnitaEarly diaries of two 29-year-old Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) female patients, who were amnestic to childhood incest memories until the current treatment, were content-analyzed and compared with adolescent diaries of three women who had no known history of psychopathology or child abuse and with one adolescent diary written by a woman in treatment for a chronic Adjustment Disorder. Diaries were transcribed and coded by several raters for 77 items in six major categories: 1) thoughts and ideas; 2) positive daily experiences; 3) emotional pain; 4) cross-gender relationships; 5) other relationships; and 6) dissociation. Interater reliability checks were performed on every tenth page. Diaries written by adult DID patients during their adolescence had no references to abuse but contained significantly more dissociative themes, and had significantly fewer references to cross-gender relationships, than controls. The overall mood and the number of entries describing positive daily experiences showed differences which were not found to be significant. We believe this could be accounted for by the buffering effect of the dissociative defense. Further controlled research is needed to substantiate these findings, but the accessibility and diagnostic potential of such diaries is worth exploring for early identification of child incest victims who are developing a dissociative disorder. Our data show that DID in our adult patients did not appear de novo during psychotherapy and corroborated the existence of dissociative symptoms years before the formal diagnosis was made.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 190-196 : Prevalence of dissociative symptoms and disorders within an adult outpatient population with schizophrenia(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Moise, John; Leichner, PierreObjective: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of dissociative symptoms and disorders in an adult outpatient population with schizophrenia and to study the relationship between dissociative symptoms and positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Method: Consenting adult outpatients with schizophrenia from the Kingston Psychiatric Hospital in Kingston, Ontario, were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Patients scoring 25 or higher on the DES were interviewed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and two interviews for dissociative disorders: the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SLID-D) and the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DDIS). Results: 53 patients completed the DES, and 14 (26%) scored 25 or greater. The scores on the DES subscale of absorption and imaginative involvement were significantly higher than the scores of the two other DES subscales, for both the group scoring >25 and also for the study sample as a whole. The prevalence of dissociative disorders in this population was estimated to be 9%, with dissociative amnesia the only dissociative disorder diagnosed. The high DES scorers had a predominance of positive symptoms as evidenced by a composite index score (positive symptoms score minus negative symptoms score) of 4.1, placing these patients at the 80th percentile, when compared to a normative population of patients with schizophrenia. Conclusions: The finding of consistently elevated scores on the absorption and imaginative involvement subscale of the DES in this sample suggests that the DES may not be a valid instrument to screen for dissociative disorders among patients with schizophrenia. However, patients with schizophrenia who present with a predominance of positive symptoms should be assessed for the presence of a dissociative disorder.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 182-189 : Dissociative disorders in Japan: a pilot study with the dissociative experience scale and a semi-structured interview(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Umesue, Mashiro; Matsuo, Tadashi, 1954-; Iwata, Noboru; Tashiro, Nobutada, 1938-A Japanese version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (J-DES) was developed and administered to 199 late adolescents, 40 normal adults, 16 schizophrenics, and 19 subjects with dissociative disorders whose diagnoses were made with a comprehensive assessment including a semi-structured interview. As a result, the J-DES yielded comparable reliability and validity with those established for the Dissociative Experience Scale in North America. Of 19 with dissociative disorders, one was identified as multiple personality disorder (MPD [DSM-IV name change: dissociative identity disorder]) and eight were identified as dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS). A large percentage of those with DDNOS had partial symptomatic profiles of MPD except for identity disturbance. The distribution of J-DES scores suggested that the concept of a dissociative continuum is cross-culturally applicable, although the presentation of dissociative disorders may be influenced by the Japanese cultural background.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 176-181 : Dissociative disorders in black South Africans: a report on five cases(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Gangdev, Prakash S.; Matjane, MaxwellDissociative disorders, including Dissociative Identity Disorder have largely been reported from North America. To date only one case has been reported from South Africa. This article presents case histories of five South African black patients who were diagnosed with various dissociative disorders. Three were diagnosed with Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (Dissociative Psychosis), one with Dissociative Identity Disorder, and one might be considered to suffer Dissociative Trance Disorder. All had received anti-psychotics and had responded poorly. One had developed Tardive Dyskinesia. Interestingly, not in keeping with the typical profile, none of these patients reported sex abuse or other trauma during childhood or adulthood. Substance abuse, suicidality and criminality were also absent. It is suggested that black South Africans do suffer from dissociative disorders and more case reports and epidemiological research are necessary.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 162-163 : False dichotomies and true metaphors: a comment on Segall's "metaphors of agency"(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Cardena, EtzelItem Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 169-175 : A profile analysis of psychopathology in clusters of depersonalization types(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Jacobs, John R.; Bovasso, GregoryFive types of depersonalization experiences based on scales developed by Jacobs and Bovasso (1992) were used to cluster subjects into six groups. Four relatively small groups which had regular depersonalization experiences were identified: the Derealized, the Self-negating, the Body-detached, and the Profoundly Depersonalized. The fifth group, the Fleetingly Depersonalized, and the sixth group, the Nondepersonalized, constituted 25% and 50 % of the population, respectively. A profile analysis indicated qualitative differences between the six groups in their pathological traits, which fell along a continuum of pathological severity. The results support the validity of a multidimensional depersonalization construct which may clarify some of the contradictions and inconsistencies in the literature on depersonalization. Further, the results may facilitate clinicians' differentiation. of their patients along a continuum of pathological severity based on the type and frequency of depersonalization experiences which they report.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 167-168 : Response to commentaries on "metaphors of agency and mechanism in dissocation"(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Segall, Seth RobertItem Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 164-166 : Discussion of: "metaphors of agency and mechanisms in dissociation"(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Hart, Onno van der, 1941-Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 160-161 : Reality, where art thou?(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Watkins, John G. (John Goodrich), 1913-Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 154-159 : Metaphors of agency and mechanism in dissociation(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Segall, Seth RobertModern theorists have proposed various metaphors for the dissociation of the psyche. These metaphors are often inadequate in that they tend to reify process and/or depict the individual psyche outside of a social context. Some metaphors view dissociation as an automatic process happening to the person, whereas others view dissociation as an intentional act by the person. Implications of each view are explored, and it is recommended that Sarbin's (1995) role-taking view of dissociation be supplemented by Herman and Kempen's (1993) concept of the dialogical self. It is suggested that any adequate concept of dissociation must include both mechanistic and agentic aspects.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 141-142 : Editorial(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Kluft, Richard P., 1943-Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 143-153 : Hypnotizability, dissociativity, and phenomenological experience(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09) Kumar, V. K.; Pekala, Ronald J.; Marcano, GeddesThe present study examined the relationship between hypnotizability, dissociativity, and phenomenological experience. Subjects (n=435) completed the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), then experienced the Harvard scale induction, and completed the Phenomenological Experience Inventory (PCI). Two three (high, medium, and low dissociatives) X three (high, medium, and low susceptibles) multivariate ANOVAS followed by univariate ANOVAS on the 14 minor and 12 major PCI dimensions revealed significant main effects for dissociativity and susceptibility, but no interaction effects. The results suggest some common and some different phenomenological experiences for groups based on the DES and Harvard scale. Subjects who were high on both characteristics achieved the highest level of hypnoidal state.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 000 : Cover, table of contents(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1996-09)