Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 4 (Dec. 1991)
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Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 216-217 : Review: On the uses of computer-generated realities: a response to Begelman(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-12) Tart, Charles T., 1937-; Begelman, D. A.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 214-215 : Review: Virtual realities and virtual mistakes: a comment on Tart(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-12) Begelman, D. A.; Tart, Charles T., 1937-Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 205-213 : The dissociative table technique: a strategy for working with ego states in dissociative disorders and ego-state therapy(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-12) Fraser, George A.There are various ways to contact alter personalities (ego states) in Multiple Personality Disorder (MID) and other dissociative disorders. This paper-presents one such strategy that the author has developed over the past decade working with such patients. Keeping in mind that therapists must constantly be on guard against the iatrogenic creation of alter personalities, there are nonetheless ways in which the inner ego states previously formed and already operating in the patient's life can be learned prior to any therapeutic intervention. This assures that the search for these inner states is lead by cues from the patient and not from the therapist. This writing will outline an inter-related series of techniques which should prove helpful to those seeking a strategy to access the inner ego system of those suffering from disorders of dissociation. Not only is this a technique for accessing alter personalities, but it also offers additional strategies to assist the work with these alters throughout the course of therapy. It is not a therapy in itself, but rather a group of adjunctive strategies to be used in conjunction with the clinical approach of the therapist who may wish to use this technique.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 200-204 : On the misdiagnosis of multiple personality disorder(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-12) Chu, James A.In many mental health settings, there has been an increasing awareness that multiple personality disorder (MPD) is far from rare. However, along with this awareness has come an increased incidence of the misdiagnosis of MPD. The misdiagnosis of MPD (i.e., false positive diagnosis of MPD) has been seen in three forms: other dissociative disorders, non-dissociative disorders, and malingering or factitious disorders misdiagnosed as MPD. The accurate differential diagnosis of MPD can be challenging, but has important clinical implications.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 193-199: A comparison of dissociative experiences in adult female outpatients with and without histories of early incestuous abuse(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-12) Strick, Frances L.; Wilcoxon, S. AllenThe critical role of early incestuous abuse in the development of high levels ofdissociative symptoms has been suggested. The present study examines the reliability and validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale for use with an outpatient population and compares the frequency of dissociative experiences in adult female outpatients with and without histories of early incestuous abuse. The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and a Background Information Questionnaire (BIQ) were administered to a sample of 84 adult female outpatients from four diagnostic categories: Affective Disorder, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Panic Disorder, and Schizophrenia. Cronbach's alpha within each diagnostic category (range .88 - .94) indicated good internal consistency for the DES with this sample. The Kruskal Wallis analysis, x2 = 8.49 (N = 84, df= 3, p < .05), demonstrated support for criterion-related validity of the DES by indicating a significant difference among diagnostic categories. Ryan's procedure demonstrated a distinction between Affective Disorder and PTSD and between Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia (p < .01). Forty-four % (N = 37) of the subjects reported incestuous abuse before 16 years of age. Seventy-one % (N = 60) reported sexual or physical abuse, rape, or assault, at some time during their lives. Subjects with histories of early incestuous abuse scored significantly higher, X2 = 10.79 (N = 84, df=1, p < .001), on the DES than those who reported no history of early incestuous abuse. When matched on diagnostic category and age, DES scores remained significantly higher, x2 = 5.00 (N = 20, df = 1, p < .01), in the subjects with histories of early incestuous abuse than in those without such histories. The results of the present study support the need for exploration of dissociative symptoms in incest survivors.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 189-192 : Multiple personality in Puerto Rico: analysis of fifteen cases(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-12) Martinez-Taboas, Alfonso, 1953-In this paper, fifteen cases of MPD detected in Puerto Rican patients are analyzed and contrasted with those reported by Coons, et al. (I988), Putnam, et al. (1986), and Ross, et al. (1989). The comparisons indicate that the Puerto Rican cases have striking parallels with the ones detected in Canada and the USA. It is tentatively concluded that MPD can emerge in a social and cultural setting quite different from that of the continental United States.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 185-188 : Construct validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES): I. The relationship between the DES and other self-report measures of DES(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-12) Frischholz, Edward J.; Braun, Bennett G.; Sachs, Roberta G.; Schwartz, David R.; Lewis, Jennifer; Shaeffer, Denise; Westergaard, Cindy; Pasquotto, James N.The present study attempted to expand the construct validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) by comparing it to: (a) other self-report measures of dissociation (e.g., the Tellegen Absorption Scale [TAS] and the Perceptual Alteration Scale [PAS]); (b) the construct of "ambiguity intolerance" (assessed by the Yellen Ambiguity Intolerance Scale [YAIS]); and (c) the Jenkins Activity Schedule (JAS: which measures the degree of Type A behavior). Three hundred and eleven undergraduates participated in an experiment on "Hypnotizability and Personality, " and filled out the DES TAS, PAS, YAIS, and JAS. The DES total score (and three DES factor scores) correlated with the TAS and PAS in the range of .24 - .52 (all correlations were significant at the .001 level, two-tailed). Furthermore, the DES total score (and the three DES factor scores) correlated significantly with the YAIS overall score (r's ranged from .22 - .24, all p's < .001), but did not correlate significantly with the JAS (r's ranged from -.03 - .04, ns). The findings suggest that DES scores (i.e., total scores and each of the three DES factor scores) show good levels of convergent validity as they correlate significantly with other self-report measures of dissociation. However, the intercorrelations were not high enough to consider the different dissociation measures as interchangeable. Furthermore, subjects reporting high levels of dissociative experiences also reported higher levels of ambiguity intolerance. However, no significant association was observed between DES scores and the Type A behavior pattern.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 180-184: Dissociative experiences in the general population in the Netherlands and Belgium: a study with the Dissociative Questionaire (DIS-Q)(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-12) Vanderlinden, Johan; Van Dyck, Richard; Vandereycken, Walter, 1949-; Vertommen, H. (Hans)This article describes the results of the first European study on the prevalence of dissociative experiences in the general population of Belgium (Flanders) and the Netherlands. Dissociative experiences were assessed with a new self-reporting dissociation questionnaire (DIS-Q). The DIS-Q has been administered to a representative sample of the Dutch and Flemish population (N=374). The results show that dissociative experiences are quite common in the general population, and that their frequency is declining with age. About 3 percent of the population (the majority men) reports serious dissociative phenomena, and 1 percent shows scores as high as patients with multiple personality disorder. These findings suggest that dissociative disorders are seriously under-diagnosed by mental health professionals.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 178-179 : Editorial: Living with uncertainty(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-12) Kluft, Richard P., 1943-Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 000 : Cover, table of contents(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1991-12)