Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal: Vol. 4, No. 1 (2013)
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Cover art by Cara Pfund
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Item Open Access Welcome(University of Oregon, 2013-05-15) Ward, KelseyItem Open Access Editorial: "Beyond the 'Task at Hand': Finding Purpose and Voice in Academic Writing(University of Oregon, 2013-05-14) Rumbarger, LeeItem Open Access Artist Statement: "Flammulina velutipes"(University of Oregon, 2013-05-14) Pfund, CaraItem Open Access Bernice Pauahi Paki and Charles Reed Bishop: A Marriage of Imperialism and Intimacy in Nineteenth-Century Hawai'i(University of Oregon, 2013-05-14) Akina, QuinnAs a commercial acquisition and ideal location for American settlement, Hawaii was a vulnerable kingdom during the era of Manifest Destiny. Perhaps, it was this vulnerability, which underlay King Kamehameha III’s opposition to Hawaiian women “taking up with foreigners for husbands.” In 1850 at the age of 18, Princess Bernice Pauahi Paki challenged dynastic resistance when she terminated an arranged betrothal to a royal cousin in favor of marriage to a New England entrepreneur named Charles Reed Bishop. The joining of a Native Hawaiian princess and Anglo American foreigner at a time when Hawaii was the “object of expansionist lust” offers a rare but rich opportunity to examine the interplay of ethnicity, religion, class, and gender in attitudes toward interracial marriage. Moreover, an alliance of two unequally ranked individuals in such a complicated, power-laden scenario raises crucial questions about structures of dominance. For example, are power struggles and mutual love incompatible? Placing the Bishop marriage within a comprehensible framework that considers both imperialism and intimacy, this microhistorical narrative opens to critical scrutiny the idea that the union was a love match, strategic alliance, or both romantic and diplomatic. With its incorporation of Hawaii and United States histories, this project is a provocative analysis of a single marriage as an intimate and ambiguous zone of empire. My study of the intimate is not to turn away from structures of dominance entirely, but rather to relocate possibilities for individual agency in quasi-colonial contexts.Item Open Access Comparing Apis Mellifera and Bombus spp. Pollination Efficiencies on Willamette Valley Blueberry Farms(University of Oregon, 2013-05-14) Daly, Keane; Pacheco, Miguel; Poplack, Aaron; Maxon, Meagan; Johnson, Chelsea; Whitcomb, Amanda; Kopec, Kelsey; Cypel, Bret; Ward, LaurenWith global honeybee populations declining there is a concern for the reproduction of plants that rely on biotic pollination, most notably food crops. The purpose of this study was to monitor the behavior and population size of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) and European honeybees (Apis mellifera) on Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) farms in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. We evaluated the effects of farm size and bloom time on the pollination efficiency of each species. To make our assessments, we observed their floral handling rates, defined as the number of flowers visited per minute by a single bee, and took population samples, by walking systematically-sampled transects on each farm. Floral handling rate for bumblebees and honeybees was proportional across our two primary variables, with honeybees pollinating an average of 3.5 flowers per minute and bumblebees pollinating 11.2 flowers per minute. Across all farms, honeybees had a total of 1746 counts while bumblebees had only 300, providing a ratio of 5.8:1. Although honeybees were more abundant than bumblebees, there was only an apparent relationship between population counts and bloom time. Data from floral handling rates and abundance counts during mid bloom showed honeybees were three times more abundant than bumblebees, however, bumblebees were more effective pollinators, as measured by bee efficiency rate. Overall, the study indicated the essential role of bumblebees in the pollination of Highbush Blueberry plants.Item Open Access Beyond Elementary: Examining Conceptual Demands of Division of Fractions in Current US Curricula(University of Oregon, 2013-05-14) Carollo, Leanna R.The Common Core State Standards of Mathematics (CCSSM), a set of US educational standards which has recently been adopted by 45 states, creates a more rigorous and coherent set of standards for American students, making elementary math anything but elementary. The adoption of these new standards formulates the research questions for this study: How well do current curricula match the CCSSM and how well do current curricula support teacher knowledge to implement the standards? In this study, three diverse curricula used in the United States, Prentice Hall, Singapore Math, and CK-12, are examined with three evaluation tools. These tools measure (a) the cognitive demands of the mathematical tasks in each curricula, (b) the mathematical coherency of an instructional unit, and (c) the resources in each curricula that support teachers’ understanding of mathematics. Division of fractions is the topic of analysis because of its frequent occurrence in algebra which is the foundation for higher-level math. I find that Singapore Math’s problems reach higher-level cognitive demands more often than Prentice Hall and CK-12. Prentice Hall and CK-12’s reliance on using the standard division algorithm inhibits conceptual thinking for both students and teachers. From a Curriculum Review Tool, which focuses on teacher knowledge, I find that Singapore Math is the closest to reach the division of fraction CCSSM when compared to Prentice Hall and CK-12. Resource tools for teachers can be developed that better support students’ learning by combining characteristics from each curriculum such as word problems, manipulatives/pictures, and samples of students’ work.Item Open Access Marine Mammal Monitoring on Guam(University of Oregon, 2013-05-14) McNulty, Robert WeybrightData on marine mammals, specifically information on their stock numbers, seasonal migrations, population structure, habitat use, and behaviors is limited. This study of island-associated resident pods of the long nosed spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) was conducted near the island of Guam, part of the Mariana Archipelago, south of Japan. A proposed expansion of United States military facilities in Guam may adversely affect these spinner dolphins through the increases in training activity, population growth, coastal development, and tourism associated with military growth in an area. This study compiles historical and current data on marine mammal sightings and behaviors to study possible impact of U.S. military presence. The long nosed spinner dolphins (S. longirostris) are of particular interest because of their proximity to shorelines, their habitat use, and their daily activity schedule. Current data was collected from interviews and sighting events. Standard photo documentation and field survey protocols developed by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) were used. This study created a preliminary marine mammal database for Guam and has expanded the limited information available. In addition, sighting information was used along with geographical information system (GIS) software to combine NOAA benthic habitat maps with multibeam bathymetry to gain a better understanding of the habitats occupied by documented species. Preliminary results suggest that S. longirostris populations in Guam have similar circadian and seasonal rhythms as Hawaiian S. longirostris populations. The results also demonstrate that Guam spinner dolphins show a preference for clear, relatively shallow open water bays with underlying, unconsolidated sediment (sandy bottoms). An increase in military use of shallow bays and dolphin-associated ecotourism could therefore negatively impact resident populations of the Guam spinner dolphins.