Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1 (March 1997)
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Item Open Access Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 058-062 : Childhood trauma, adult trauma, and dissociation(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Pearson, Michelle LeeThis paper studies the relationship among childhood trauma, recent trauma, and dissociation. Literature has suggested that early trauma may lead to dissociation. It was hypothesized that dissociation, including symptoms associated with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), would be more prevalent in those survivors of childhood abuse who were later traumatized in adulthood. Seventy-five female subjects completed a survey protocol. Subjects who experienced both early and recent trauma were more dissociative and endorsed more symptoms consistent with DID.Item Open Access Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 054-057 : Factor analytic investigation of the WAIS-R among patients with dissociative psychopathology(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Schwartz, David R.; Rossini, Edward D.; Braun, Bennett G.; Stein, Gerald M.The factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) was examined among 133 participants diagnosed with a dissociative disorder. The results of two and three factor orthogonal solutions with varimax rotation were obtained. The two and three factor solutions were consistent with traditional factor analytic studies with Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Organization in the two factor solution, and Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, and Freedom from Distractibility in the three factor solution. This is the only factor analytic investigation using the WAIS-R to study a dissociative population.Item Open Access Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 044-053: The intrusion of early implicit memory into adult consciousness(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Cozolino, Louis J.Through the first few years of life the central and peripheral nervous systems grow in an exuberant, non-linear progression through a series of structures, organizations, and reorganizations. Evolving sensory, memory, and appraisal systems result in transitory modes of processing which are incorporated, superseded, and/or inhibited by later developing systems. Because of these complexities, little is understood about the phenomenology of early experience and its impact on adult functioning. The present paper hypothesizes about some aspects of early experience and memory and their possible intrusion into adult awareness, using, as an example, reported alien abduction experiences. These experiences are explained as the reinstatement of primordial memories of early caretaking which are misperceived as occurring in the present and interpreted by later developing, socially influenced cortical mechanisms of language and memory.Item Open Access Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 038-043 : The overlap between dissociative and obsessive-compulsive disorders: a theoretical link(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Pica, Michael; Beere, Don; Maurer, LaraThe psychological literature reveals a comorbidity between dissociative and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The exact nature of this relationship, however, remains unknown (Steinberg, 1993) . This paper offers one explanation by linking the manifestation of dissociative and obsessive-compulsive symptoms to rigidity in the spontaneous organization and integration of cognitive/perceptual experience. While the authors acknowledge there are most likely other factors contributing to this complex relationship, they believe that the dissociative and obsessive's inability to attend to new facts, respond to changes in the environment, and assimilate/accommodate peripheral information into pre-existing schemas about the self and the world may begin to explain some of their clinical overlap in perception, cognition, and behavior.Item Open Access Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 029-037 : Relations between the DES and two MMPI-2 dissociation scales(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Hansen, Cheri; Gold, Steven N.This study examines relationships between two MMPI-2 screening instruments for dissociative symptoms, the North Carolina Dissociation Index (NCDI) and Phillips Dissociation Scale (PDS), and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) in a clinical sample of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. The DES and MMPI-2 were completed by 138 women and 22 men. Correlations between the NCDI, PDS, and DES total, factor (amnesia, absorption/imaginative involvement, and derealization/depersonalization), and taxon (DES-T) scores were calculated for men and women . The NCDI and PDS were positively correlated; however, neither correlated with DES among either men or women. The PDS was positively correlated with the DES amnesia factor and DES -T in men ; however, internal consistency of the PDS was quite low for men in our sample (.65). No significant correlations were found between the PDS and DES in women. Results do not support the use of either the PDS or NCDI as a screening instrument for dissociative symptomatology in adults with histories of childhood sexual abuse.Item Open Access Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 021-028 : Dissociativity, imagery vividness, and reality monitoring(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Koppenhaver, Janelle M.; Kumar, V. K.; Pekala, Ronald J.The study examined if dissociativity (the tendency to dissociate spontaneously) was related to a) reality monitoring (ability to distinguish actual from imagined events) and b) vividness of visual imagery ability. Participants (n = 220) completed the DissociativeExperiences Scale (DES), Questionnaire of Imagery Vividness, and completed a reality monitoring task that required subjects to view slides of common objects 2, 5, or 8 times and imagine them 2, 5, or 8 times at each presentation frequency level. Participants later estimated how often each stimulus was presented. An analysis of covariance (with imagery as covariate) revealed support for Johnson, Taylor, and Raye's (1977) finding of reality monitoring deficits. However, dissociativity (as measured by the DES) was unrelated to reality monitoring deficit. Furthermore, vividness of imagery scores and dissociativity were uncorrelated.Item Open Access Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 011-020 : A case study: electromyographic correlates in the hypnotic recall of a repressed memory(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Wickramasekera, Ian E.; Wickramasekera, Ian Edward, IIThis is a controlled case study of a 22-year-old female with a four year history of episodic nausea, vomiting, tachycardia and social anxiety resistant to medical and psychiatric therapy. Systematic desensitization for social phobia with psychophysiological monitoring (electromyogram, skin temperature, skin conductance level (SCL), and heart rate) was associated with a decline in somatic symptoms, muscle tension (EMG), and subjective distress. At the tenth session, an EMG spike sustained for at least 33 minutes was associated with a forgotten traumatic dream from the previous night. Hypnotic recall of the traumatic dream during therapy was associated with an immediate collapse of the EMG spike and an abrupt increase in subjective distress. The dream contained recall of a repressed memory of a possible sexual exposure to HIV five years previously. This case study may illustrate the utility of psychophysiological monitoring (PPM) in the psychotherapy of somatoform disorders. It may also illustrate the value of electrophysiological and autonomic measures to identify repressed traumatic somatized memories and to demonstrate objectively the distinction between implicit and explicit memory.Item Open Access Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 003-010 : Coping with incest in adult female survivors(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Brand, Bethany; Warner, Stephanie C.; Alexander, Pamela C.One hundred and one adult female survivors' recollections of coping with severe childhood incest were studied. Interviews were coded for ways of coping and categories of coping were created. These ways of coping were described in detail from the survivors' points of view. These strategies were noticeably different from the ways of coping found on standardized measures of coping. Despite having used a variety of strategies to survive childhood abuse, many of the interviewees felt they had not done "enough "to deal with or attempt to end the abuse. These findings imply that clinicians who are sensitively attuned to the age-appropriate ways of coping described by their clients can use these observations to challenge distorted beliefs about having been completely passive. Additional implications for future research and therapeutic interventions with survivors of incest are discussed.Item Open Access Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 001-002 : Editorial(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03) Kluft, Richard P., 1943-Item Open Access Dissociation : Volume 10, No. 1, p. 000: Cover, table of contents(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, 1997-03)