A Critical Examination of Abstraction in John Dewey’s Reflective Thought
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Date
2021-05-16
Authors
O'Brien, Bill
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Publisher
University of Oregon
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to critically examine abstraction in the context of John Dewey’s notion of reflective thought. Abstraction is to be understood as a pragmatic tool that underpins reflective thought. In other words, reflective thought—that is, the capacity to think of practical solutions to problems we confront in our lives,— needs to use the tool of pragmatic abstraction. In the context of reflective thought, I explore and explain how pragmatic abstraction is used. Here, I take issue with how pragmatic abstraction is used as merely a means to bring about ‘successful’ consequences to a problem. This use of pragmatic abstraction fails to consider the critical question of whose success is being brought about. Due to this, ‘successful’ consequences to a problem can result for some, while negative consequences to the same problem can result for others. The ‘reasonable woman standard’ that developed in the law illustrates a concrete example of this problematic split and a legal effort to resolve it. Ultimately, by reconsidering how reflective thought uses the tool of pragmatic abstraction, “successful” consequences to problems are brought about in a more inclusive manner.
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Keywords
John Dewey, abstraction, reflective thought, critical theory, pragmatic abstraction