Theses & Dissertations

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Open Access
A History of the School of Education at the University of Oregon
(University of Oregon, 1964-08) Colvin, Lloyd Wilkinson
The pioneers who settled Oregon had strong convictions about the bearing of education on the individual and the common good. They shared the view expressed in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 that "schools and the means of education shall be forever encouraged." But, even though Nathan Dane's prescript was transposed into the territorial government of Oregon, disagreements among educators and among people imbued with varied religious beliefs and diverse customs prevented quick fulfillment of its precepts.
Open Access
AN ETHICAL EVALUATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL NONPROFIT AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF FOREIGN AID
(University of Oregon, 2024-05) Dhamdhere, Aarushi; Weaver, Lesley Jo; Fitzpatrick, Ellen;
This thesis will aim to address ethical challenges that foreign aid poses to aid-receiving countries and investigate the frameworks of international non-governmental organizations (INGO). To do so, I worked closely with an INGO, that I will refer to as GlobalMed, and assessed their duties and obligations as international actors. I accompanied GlobalMed on a week-long service-learning trip (SLT) in Cusco, Peru where I conducted an ethnographic study through participant-observation. My research took place in mobile clinics, patient follow-up care programs, and development projects. The goal, by the end of this project, was to develop insights to the framework of GlobalMed, determine whether my experience aligned with the tenets of medical ethics, and gain a comprehensive understanding of the potential implications of foreign aid.
Open Access
Assessing Infant Speech Discrimination Using Pupillary Dilation Response
(University of Oregon, 2024-08) Heilenbach, Sam; Baldwin, Dare; Bala, Avinash
Perceptual narrowing is central to the ability of infants in acquiring language competency. The broad sensitivity seen in younger infants to even the smallest units of speech – phonemes – becomes fine-tuned toward the end of their first year of life to the specific phonemes of their native language(s), enabling them to partition continuous speech into discrete words, essential for acquiring language proficiency. Perceptual narrowing refers to the gradual reduction in sensitivity to phonetic contrasts that are not relevant in the native language, along with an enhanced ability to recognize and distinguish phonetic contrasts that are meaningful in the native language. Understanding the timing and mechanisms of this process is key to understanding speech and language development more broadly. Current methods for studying perceptual narrowing rely on behavioral methods that require lengthy training periods, which result in high rates of attrition and may resultingly limit the generalizability of these findings. This study investigated the potential of sound-induced pupil response (SIPR) to measure infant speech-sound discrimination. We hypothesized that SIPR will accurately index auditory discrimination changes as perceptual narrowing unfolds. Using a mixed factorial-design, infants aged 10-12 months were exposed to native and non-native phonetic contrasts while their pupil responses were measured. Our sample of pilot data provides clear evidence validating SIPR as a sensitive measure of infant response to language. However, the sample is as yet too small to offer conclusive findings regarding perceptual narrowing. In any case, the SIPR holds great promise as a new, highly sensitive tool for investigating language development in early infancy. Thus, the significance of this research lies in its potential to enhance our understanding of developmental change in early auditory discrimination abilities.
Open Access
Yahooskin-Northern Paiute Verb Morphology
(University of Oregon, 1996-12) Thornes, Timothy Jon
The structure of the verbal word in the Yahooskin-Northern Paiute language can be viewed as consisting of layers of functionally complicit morphology. Central to this structure is a semantic core, or STEM, which also participates in the lexical derivation of argument structure. Next is a layer of valence-altering morphology that functions systematically to manipulate argument structure at a syntactic level. This layer, constitutes the THEME portion of verbal structure. A variety of finite morphology occurs suffixally to this central, thematic portion of the Northern Paiute verb.
Embargo
AN ARCHAEOBOTANICAL GUIDE TO THE NORTHERN GREAT BASIN
(University of Oregon, 2024-09) Di Fiore, Sofia; Kennedy, Jaime; Gallagher, Daphne
Archaeobotany—the study of plants recovered from archaeological sites—is a discipline that offers one the opportunity to peer into the past and look at what the lives of humans looked like in times we will never experience. Archaeobotanical investigations are particularly important to the understanding of how human populations adapt to changing environments, as changes in botanical resources due to climactic shifts necessitate changes in traditional lifeways, shaping human cultures. This thesis reviews the archaeobotanical research history of the Northern Great Basin, a unique and isolated part of the intermountain west with an extensive history of human occupation that makes it an important locus of archaeological study, providing the opportunity for researchers to gain a deep time view of how humans interact with their environment. This project details ten of likely hundreds of plant species represented in the area’s archaeological record, drawing inspiration from traditional plant guides to create a proof-of concept look into the human-environmental connection in this region.
Open Access
REDESIGNING CAMPUS DINING TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
(University of Oregon, 2024-09) Merrill, Maya; Selek, Hale; McWhorter, Brian
Universities across the United States, including the University of Oregon, have shifted to promote sustainable thinking and living. However, these large institutions also produce an incredible amount of food and packaging waste every day—two of the largest categories contributing to municipal solid waste in the United States. As universities shape future generations of leaders, it is important that they implement systems and products which uphold sustainable living practices and reduce their environmental impact. My research and design aims to provide strategies, system and product redesigns that will reduce the significant amount of food and packaging waste produced by thousands of consumers at UO Dining halls every day. I provide a multi-pronged approach which includes reusable and biodegradable products, educational campaigns, peer support, food waste diversion strategies and additional key steps, informed by research, observations and case studies. In addition to a dining system redesign plan, I propose three food container design solutions: a reusable lid for existing dining hall receptacles, an organic and biodegradable single use container and a complete reusable container design.
Open Access
TO DESTROY A PEOPLE: CONCEPTUALIZING MASS SEXUAL VIOLENCE AS A PRINCIPAL MODALITY OF GENOCIDE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
(University of Oregon, 2024-06) Howard, Emma Marie; Saavedra, Yvette; Raisanen, Elizabeth; Herrera, Andrea
Throughout the twentieth century, mass sexual violence has been integral to genocidal campaigns, indicating that mass sexual violence is both a hallmark and weapon/means of genocide. This paper engages with eleven case studies from the twentieth century using both primary documentation of the occurrence and impact of mass sexual violence and secondary sources that analyze and discuss how gender and sexuality operate within war and genocide more broadly. Whereas previous scholarship and international law have included modalities of genocide that could, by interpretation, include mass sexual violence, this paper argues that weaponized mass sexual violence is an effective means of destroying identity both individually (at the micro level) but also collectively (at the meso and macro levels) and therefore must be included as a principal modality of genocide by definition in order to more accurately and effectively articulate genocide.
Open Access
THE RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS THAT COMPLETED THE VASCULAR REHABILITATION PROGRAM FROM 2020-2023
(University of Oregon, 2024-07) Wriglesworth, Calvin J.; Halliwill, John; Hansen, Tobin; Harding, Aaron
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a chronic and progressive cardiovascular condition that is characterized as occlusion or blockage of arteries that supply blood to the extremities, particularly the legs. A substantial amount of evidence supports exercise as a leading intervention of treating PAD. The search for the most ideal conditions of exercise to have the most significant reduction of PAD has long been explored. Purpose: The study aims to retrospectively review the outcomes of the vascular rehabilitation program at PeaceHealth RiverBend. Methods: The study conducted included a retrospective review of a preexisting protocol that consisted of multiple parts. The study is designed around many years of research that surround cardiac rehabilitation, however there are many unique aspects to the protocol being described. The protocol being analyzed involves 31 subjects, all of which are enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation through PeaceHealth hospital from 2020-2023. All said patients are known to suffer from PAD. The protocol begins with a warmup on a treadmill at a slow increase in intensity. Once the patient has reached the threshold of which is considered their normal exercise pace, the patient enters the main phase of the protocol. This phase consists of the patients maintaining an exercise pace of which causes a moderate increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Results: There was no effect of time(p=0.5561) on systolic blood pressure, or time(p=0.1931) on diastolic blood pressure at PRE vs. POST vs. CHANGE. There was a significant difference on time(p<0.05) on Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) at PRE vs. POST vs. CHANGE. Conclusion: The data suggests that the protocol being reviewed had no significant difference on blood pressure but showed significance in increased functional capacity.
Open Access
GRASS ROOTS: A CASE STUDY OF JOHN SAYLES’ LONE STAR AND UTILIZING RURALITY IN CINEMA AS A CATALYST FOR SOCIAL CHANGE
(University of Oregon, 2024-09) DiStasio, Anthony; Purnama, Ari; Rovak, Angela
This thesis investigates the portrayals of American rural life in film, examining the historical context, commonly found themes and qualities, and cultural implications involved with them. Ultimately, the argument made is that films set in rural environments can influence social change by reshaping the image of American history and identity, pieces of the national fabric in which the image of rurality plays a large role. To argue this, the thesis will first track the relationship between rurality, film, and the United States through time, pointing out important shifts in each subject and the development of the genre and thematic associations now related to rurality in film. Next, the general image of the rural United States will be crafted through compiling the common themes and features found among rural-set films. From there, a case study of John Sayles’ 1996 film Lone Star will demonstrate how a film can utilize those features to provide commentary and reflect on the national image through a rural lens. Overall, the thesis aims to show rurality in film as more than a backdrop, but a lens through which films can address the cultural foundations of the United States in order to serve as a catalyst for redefining the way history, national identity, and rural traditional life is perceived.
Open Access
DATA AND DIALOGUE: STRATEGIES FOR ENGAGING UNIVERSITY COMMUNITIES IN CLIMATE ACTION
(University of Oregon, 2024-08) Coskey, Andrew; Mital, Steve; Mauro, Robert
This thesis seeks to establish the best practices for environmental communication, data visualization, and stakeholder engagement. The first subject investigated is the theoretical foundation and practical applications of engagement strategies that involve a wide range of university stakeholders: students, teachers, and support staff. This section explores transparency, inclusiveness, and ongoing dialogues as some strategies to build support for sustainable development. The importance of data visualization is also discussed, showing a need for clear, accurate, and accessible visual tools that can simplify complicated information into actionable insights. Furthermore, an analysis is conducted on the effectiveness of analogies as a tool for explaining technical concepts to broad audiences. These techniques are then applied to the University of Oregon thermal system transition, wherein the university investigated options to update its current central heating plant into one that will use more sustainable technologies. The proposed options are dissected and evaluated based on the effectiveness of the task forces’ communication and engagement efforts. Then, a conceptual interactive dashboard that addresses critiques of the task force’s presentation strategy is introduced. The findings demonstrate how well-designed, comprehensive communication strategies can help build informed, supportive communities around sustainability initiatives. The conclusion is composed of recommendations for future enhancements to these strategies. It proposes improved methods of implementing sustainable practices in higher education institutions by combining interactive tools, continuous stakeholder engagement, and clear communication. This case study provides valuable insights into guiding other universities facing similar challenges in their sustainability efforts.
Open Access
AN INTERNAL ANALYSIS ON ADVOCATING FOR LATINO/A ACHIEVEMENT IN SCHOOL (ALAS)
(University of Oregon, 2024-05) Miki, Isabella; Doty, Jen; Mauro, Robert
Advocating for Latino Achievement in Schools (ALAS) is an afterschool program designed for Latino/a immigrant English Language Learners at Springfield High School. This program aims to prevent dropout, promote academic success, and promote college/career readiness through providing academic support and enhancing critical consciousness. After analyzing ALAS student survey responses and interviews with ALAS team members, I explore themes that are important to consider in the continuation of the ALAS program: language barriers, transportation barriers, community building, and commitments of higher priority. I suggest future goals for the ALAS program: continuing teacher coordination, and implementing formal critical consciousness lessons.
Embargo
SYSTEMIC IMMUNOMODULATION OF MYELOID-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS IN A MODEL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL TRAUMA USING ALL-TRANS RETINOIC ACID
(University of Oregon, 2024-05) Gill, Dylan; Guldberg, Bob; Guyer, Tyler; Munger, Lisa
Musculoskeletal trauma remains a significant challenge clinically, often leading to complications such as bone nonunion, infection, prolonged hospitalization, high treatment costs, and potential disabilities. The current standard treatment, autologous bone grafting, has limitations including donor site morbidity and limited bone availability, necessitating exploration of alternative approaches. Immune responses play a critical role in musculoskeletal healing, with distinct phases of inflammation and regenerative/anti-inflammatory processes. The transition from M1 to M2 macrophages is crucial for soft and hard callus formation during bone healing. However, dysregulated immune responses, characterized by prolonged elevation of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, can hinder healing and tissue repair. Recent research has focused on systemic immune responses following trauma, highlighting the balance between circulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers to prevent tissue damage and promote healing. Immune suppressor cells like myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a pivotal role in immune dysregulation post-trauma and may be a factor in poor healing. Targeting MDSCs presents a complex challenge due partly to their heterogeneity, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. Here, we tested several treatment methods for MDSC depletion previously developed for use in cancer models to examine their effects on MDSCs in vitro in blood sourced from a trauma model. All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) in particular showed promise in modulating MDSCs initially in vitro and in subsequent in vivo experiments. ATRA is also known to have effects on bone growth and may alter osteoclastogenesis, giving it further potential as a novel therapeutic intervention in musculoskeletal trauma. Further research into the intricate interplay of immune responses following trauma and particularly therapeutic modulation of aberrant cells such as MDSCs is essential for advancing treatment strategies and improving outcomes in musculoskeletal trauma patients.
Open Access
EARLY TRADE-OFFS OF ROOT TRAITS ON A MYCORRHIZAL COLLABORATION GRADIENT
(University of Oregon, 2023-06) Villano, Lindsay; Diez, Jeff
Aboveground plant traits exist on a spectrum defined by trade-offs between conservative and acquisitive resource uptake. However, belowground traits do not fit this axis because the uptake of soil nutrients can be outsourced to mycorrhizal mutualists. Thus, adding another axis in the root economic space that represents collaboration with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi increases our understanding of fundamental variation in root traits. Mature roots exhibit trade-offs between investing in longer root structures that travel farther, or thicker roots that can better support mycorrhizae. Here, I explore whether young roots display trade-offs in collaboration intensity and if so, how long after germination species will begin to reflect niches on this axis. I hypothesize a negative correlation between root growth rate and colonization rate of AM fungi and that the relationship between these variables increases over time as plants refine their resource uptake strategy. I grew five native forb species for twenty-five days and sampled plants at eight time points after germination. Upon sampling, I recorded root length by analyzing the root's structure and then quantified percent colonization by AM fungi. I found that despite variation in species ' root length and colonization rates, they did not fo1m a negative relationship. The con elation of length and percent colonization did increase over time with intraspecific variation in the degree and direction of this correlation. The results of this study provide further insight on young root trait variation and benefit our understanding of species interactions in the rhizosphere that contribute to community dynamics.
Open Access
Impact of Rhizobia Presence and Nitrogen Abundance on Competition Between Legumes and Non-Legumes
(University of Oregon, 2023-06) Patel, Macy; Diez, Jeff
The mutualism between legume species and rhizobia has long been acknowledged as a vital part of plant community dynamics in both natural and agricultural systems. Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen inputs can alter this mutualism and in tum plant commm1ity dynamics. Still, few studies have explored the dependencies of these resource-based mutualistic microbes, rhizobia, on ambient nitrogen levels, and how this may affect competition between hosts and neighboring plants. To test the potential nitrogen-dependent role of rhizobia in mediating coexistence between legumes and non-legumes, we conducted a competition experiment in the greenhouse replicated across rhizobial inoculation and nitrogen fe1tilization treatments. Here, we employ contempora1y ecological theo1y to assess how rhizobia and nitrogen fertilization influence niche differences and fitness inequalities determining competitive outcomes. We measured the fecundity of plants across a competition gradient to parameterize annual plant population models and to use these parameter estimates to predict the outcomes of competition between our plant species. We found that both nitrogen and rhizobia shift the probability of coexistence, and further that the effect of rhizobia was dependent on nitrogen concentration. We also found that these results differed when legumes were competing with either other legumes or non-legumes. These results suggest that these context-dependent mutualisms are impo1tant in dete1mining competitive outcomes. Further, this study sheds light on the ways anthropogenic nitrogen inputs are likely to shift community composition and diversity of native plants and microbial communities alike.
Open Access
OUT ON A LIMB: DO HAZELNUT ORCHARDS PROVIDE HABITAT FOR CAVITY NESTING BIRDS?
(University of Oregon, 2023-06) Clayton, Adam; Hallet, Lauren
Cavity nesting birds are a group of high conseivation concern in the U.S. They depend on areas with mature decaying trees in which cavities can be excavated, but few studies have examined the role of managed landscapes such as orchards in providing nesting habitat. This study assesses the suitability of hazelnut orchards for cavity nesting bird species in the Willamette Valley, where hazelnut farming is a major industry. Using field sUIVeys, I measured the density of suitable tree cavities and size of tree limbs in four commercial hazelnut orchards, three experiencing heavy fungal decay, and one with limited decay. I used observations of birds in the same orchards to determine the abundance of all cavity nesting species. When comparing between orchards, cavity density increased with average tree diameter, but was much lower in the orchard with low levels of fungal decay. Black-capped chickadees were the most abundant cavity nesting birds observed, a smaller species dependent on nest sites with soft wood. These results suggest that orchards with mature trees experiencing fungal decay may be the most valuable for cavity nesting birds, but these qualities also make orchards vulnerable to diseases that reduce crop yield. To control key diseases, many older orchards are being replaced with new blight resistant trees, altering habitat connectivity for Willamette Valley birds. A regional management strategy where some mature, decaying orchard are instead retained could benefit declining bird populations.
Open Access
Expanding the Synthetic Accessibility of Thiocarbamate (TCM) and Dithiocarbamate (DTCM) Donors for Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Carbon Disulfide (CS2) Delivery
(University of Oregon, 2024) Lutz, Rachel E.; Pluth, Michael D.
The goal of this thesis is to bridge the gap in the literature by developing a suite of thiocarbamate and dithiocarbamate donor synthesis with azide and tert-butyl ester triggers. Based on previous work with esterase-triggered TCM H2S donors, we have developed a library H2S donors both with and without the nitrogen of the payload methylated, and have installed various EWGs and EDGs on the payload. Furthermore, we have developed a new method for modular TCM synthesis that supports diversification of the alkyl group of the aniline. This method allows us to block an unproductive deprotonation-based side pathway to more clearly study the effect of changing the payload electron density on the self-immolation of this donor motif. Blocking deprotonation of the payload expands the synthetic utility of these donors, which make them less reactive under basic conditions and allowing for more harsh synthetic conditions. Due to the ease of synthetic variation of the TCM donors, it is natural to consider broadening their application beyond H2S release to another biologically relevant molecule, CS2. Our TCM donor motif can yield this small molecule by designing the compound to contain a dithiocarbamate. Rather than releasing COS upon self-immolation, the donor should release CS2. Thus, I synthesized N-methylated CS2 DTCM donors using the same synthetic scheme as with methylated S-alkyl TCM donors.
Embargo
IMPACT OF INCREASED WATER TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND SKELETOGENESIS OF THE ANTARCTIC BULLHEAD NOTOTHEN NOTOTHENIA CORIICEPS
(University of Oregon, 2024-03-05) Dixon, Griffin May; Desvignes, Thomas; Casimir, Ulrick; Postlethwait, John
The ocean surrounding Antarctica started to cool about 35 million years ago to reach freezing temperatures about 10-15 million years ago, which immensely impacted its fauna. Antarctic notothenioids adapted to these freezing temperatures but today face unprecedented challenges with projected climate-driven temperature increases. Temperature significantly influences the developmental rates of fish embryos, with higher temperatures accelerating development until a critical point is reached, causing deformities or mortality. The impact of temperature increases on Antarctic fish embryos, including the abundant bullhead notothen Notothenia coriiceps, remains unknown. Loss of adaptive traits, such as the inducible heat shock response, raises concerns for Antarctic fish in the context of global climate change. The hatching time of N. coriiceps and other Antarctic fishes, crucially linked to solar exposure and planktonic blooms, may shift earlier with rising temperatures, thus affecting the availability of essential food resources and potentially larval survival. Understanding the impact of temperature on N. coriiceps embryonic development is important for assessing their survival capacity in changing climates and contributes to broader insights into climate change effects on freezing ecosystems. This research addresses this knowledge gap, offering implications for ecosystem management policies, conservation, and broader scientific understanding of how organisms cope with environmental stressors in the Antarctic ecosystem. N. coriiceps embryos raised in heated conditions showed an increased developmental rate of about 44% compared to siblings raised at ambient temperature and hatched earlier. The temperature increase appeared to accelerate development uniformly at all stages and did not dramatically change the relative order of skeletal structure emergence in embryos. There was, however, a notable increase in the frequency of anatomical and skeletal malformations in heated embryos compared to ambient embryos, especially in the jaw and axial/caudal region. In addition, the measurement taken of the length from the snout to the anus (LS2N) was found to be a reliable parameter for comparison of the developmental stages across samples independent of age. If Antarctic water temperatures continue to rise at their current rate, N. coriiceps, among other Antarctic fish, will likely suffer immensely in their ability to survive and reproduce successfully.
Embargo
Red Blood Cell Abnormalities in White-Blooded Icefishes and Related Antarctic Species
(University of Oregon, 2023-11) Nunez, Zoe; Postlethwait, John; Raisanen, Elizabeth; Desvignes, Thomas
The process of cell differentiation is crucial for organism viability, especially the formation of red blood cells (RBCs) that contain hemoglobin and provide essential oxygen transportation to the tissues. Antarctic white-blooded icefishes are, however, evolutionary oddities that lack mature RBCs and hemoglobin. An outstanding question is if the loss of hemoglobin genes in the icefish ancestor could have led to the arrest of RBC maturation in icefishes, or inversely if the arrest of RBC maturation could have triggered the loss of hemoglobin genes. Here, we aimed to test these two conflicting hypotheses. The ‘genes-first hypothesis’ predicts that the icefish ancestors would start to lose hemoglobin genes while having normal blood cells, but the ‘cells-first’ hypothesis predicts that icefish ancestors would have damaged RBCs but normal hemoglobin genes. To test these predictions, we analyzed the blood cell composition and RBC morphology in 13 red-blooded Antarctic fish species and in seven icefishes by microscopy, semi-automated digital image analyses, and phylogenetic comparative analyses. My investigation revealed that some species closely related to icefishes display abnormal RBCs that are larger and rounder than in other red-blooded species and have off-centered nuclei. My results suggest that RBC maturation was likely already altered before the loss of hemoglobin genes in icefishes. Close analysis of cellular abnormalities arising in these Antarctic fish species may inform us on hereditary human diseases such as anemias arising from improper RBC formation.
Embargo
Work With, Not In: Six Bioethics Recommendations to Promote Anti-Colonial Community Engagement in Population-Based Global Health Research
(University of Oregon, 2023-11-20) Getz, Madeleine; Snodgrass, Josh; Gallagher, Daphne
Global health survey research regularly confers benefits to NGOs, scholars, governments, and aid organizations and while it is intended to improve population health, the direct benefits to individuals and communities are often excluded from published works and/or not considered in study designs and approaches. This exclusion, which is particularly pernicious for Indigenous peoples and marginalized groups, is increasingly being recognized as the ongoing legacy of global health’s historically colonial practices, and actively hinders the pursuit of global health equity. Collaboration and community engagement are potential avenues for addressing this injustice, yet these approaches require planning and strategic intention. We draw on our collective research experience and the ongoing dialogue in the field of human biology to propose the following six recommendations to increase future studies’ community engagement and investment: 1) include local specialists and community members at every level of project leadership; 2) apply culturally informed bioethics frameworks; 3) recognize the study’s responsibility to return health information to participants, and to do so in a way that builds individual and community strengths and affirms and strengthens existing care and support, including Indigenous and traditional healing systems; 4) invest in local healthcare, research, and community infrastructure; 5) make study results and deidentified data available to both participants and community researchers; and, 6) work within data frameworks that respect community sovereignty. We then undertook a review of global health surveys using our recommendations as evaluation criteria; here, we present an overview of six surveys to illustrate challenges and opportunities. This paper demonstrates an ongoing need to address community rights and benefits, as well as contributes to a growing body of work within global health and allied fields to decolonize research. The framework presented here serves as a starting point for elaboration and critique. Global health’s pursuit of health equity and decolonization as both an academic and service-based discipline relies on implementation of a critical, culturally informed bioethics framework that centers community engagement. This thesis includes co-authored material.
Open Access
W.R.B. Willcox: The Architect as Social Critic
(University of Oregon, 1971-08) Smith, Nancy Kimball Morris
The American architect at the turn of the century faced the prodigious task of reconciling his traditional role as the servant of privilege with the exigencies of technological revolution, burgeoning cities, and a rapidly expanding industrial society. Capitalists needed factories and office buildings that would use expensive land with a maximum efficiency and a minimum waste. The use of steel and the availability of free vertical space suggested the skyscraper as the most expedient form the buildings should take. Most architects looked at these new structures, shuddered at their ugly crudeness, and, turning to Europe for their precedents, copied the buildings they found there. Engineers could have helped develop the relationship between technology and architecture. Instead, the architect regarded the engineer as a barbarian, and alienating himself from his time, took refuge in the classics.