Faculty Profiles

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https://hdl.handle.net/1794/691

This site provides a forum for showcasing the work of individual faculty members. Faculty may have their work archived here as well as with their departments or institutes.

Faculty interested in establishing a collection for themselves in Scholars' Bank are invited to contact, Scholars' Bank team, University of Oregon Libraries.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 991

Open Access
2011 Oregon Humanities Center Work in Progress Talk
(2011-04-11) Wacks, David A.
Discussion of how current critical thinking about diasporic culture can bring Judaic studies approaches to Sephardic literature up to date. Examples from 13th century Spanish Hebrew (Sephardic) author Jacob ben Elazar and 16th century Sephardic author Solomon ibn Verga
Open Access
911 draft 1
(Register-Guard, 2001-09-16) Long, Robert Hill
This sonnet was commissioned by the Eugene Register-Guard for an article in which regional writers and poets responded to the 9/11 attack.
Open Access
A Comparison of the Clarendonian Equid Assemblages from the Mission Pit, South Dakota and Ashfall Fossil Beds, Nebraska
(University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 2011-11) Famoso, Nicholas; Pagnac, Darrin
The Mission Pit locality (SDSM V5314), near Mission, South Dakota, has produced a large collection of equid teeth obtained from the Miocene Ash Hollow (=Thin Elk) Formation. Ashfall Fossil Beds (UNSM Ap-116), near Royal, Nebraska, has yielded an extensive collection of equid cranial elements and teeth derived from the Cap Rock Member, Ash Hollow Formation. The two sites are interpreted to be Clarendonian in age [12.5 to 9.0 Ma], but may contain faunal assemblages from differing Clarendonian subages. The two sites exhibit a notably similar composition of equid genera, including the tribes Equini (Pliohippus, Calippus, and Protohippus), and Hipparionini (Cormohipparion, Neohipparion, and Pseudhipparion). Both sites share the same proportion of the equid tribes Hipparionini and Equini. Approximately seventy-five percent of the equids at both sites are members of the Hipparionini tribe, whereas twenty-five percent are of the Equini tribe. The comparative composition within the Equini tribe between the two sites is nearly identical with differences in the absence of Calippus at Ashfall and a larger proportion of Protohippus at Mission. Only slight differences are observed in the composition of genera within the Hipparionini tribe between the two sites, with the Mission Pit containing a higher percentage of Neohipparion. The striking taxonomic similarity between the two sites is not only unique but also rare, suggesting a correlative relationship within the early to medial Clarendonian (Cl1 or Cl2). This similarity also suggests unique paleoecological relationships among equids and has a potential for insight into plant ecology and equid niche partitioning during this time interval.
Open Access
Abstinence from Child Labor and Profit Seeking
(University of Oregon, Dept of Economics, 2000-07-01) Davies, Ronald B.
Some firms voluntarily abstain from using child labor, presumably in response to concerns about the welfare of overseas child workers. These firms do not, however, support banning the imports of competitors’ products manufactured with child labor. As an explanation of this seemingly contradictory behavior, I consider a setting in which two firms engage in Bertrand competition for consumers who vary in the value they place on goods made without child labor. When the firms differentiate themselves according to their labor input, both enjoy greater profits. If imports using child labor are banned, this reduces the profits of both firms. Similar results can also arise in a many firm setting. If charitable donations to education foundations raise the cost of child labor, this too can arise as a purely profitseeking activity by adult labor firms. Thus, while the adult-labor firms engage in seemingly altruistic behavior, they may do so not out of regard for children but rather for their own profits.
Open Access
Abu Golgotha
(Winning Writers, 2006-11) Long, Robert Hill
a poem about torture in Iraq + US citizen complicity.
Open Access
Abuse Awareness: Physical and Psychological Health Consequences
(2006-11) Goldsmith, R.E.; Freyd, Jennifer J.; DePrince, Anne P.
Despite established links between child abuse and psychological symptoms such as depression, dissociation, and anxiety, many abuse survivors experience awareness of specific abuse instances or abuse-related symptoms without acknowledging the abuse itself. The current study examines relations among abuse awareness, physical symptoms, and emotional functioning in young adults. One hundred eighty-five university students responded to questions regarding perceptions of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, as well as standard abuse and symptom measures. Ninety-six individuals completed the questionnaire a second time 1-2 years later. At baseline, labeling oneself as having been abused was not correlated with depression, anxiety, dissociation, or physical health complaints. At follow-up, however, labeling abuse was significantly positively related to depression, anxiety, physical health complaints, and the number of reported visits to a health professional, even after controlling for abuse severity. These results indicate that processes involved in abuse perception appear to be connected to individuals' psychological and physical functioning, and that abuse awareness may have important clinical implications.
Open Access
Academic Kindergarten and Later Academic Success: The Impact of Direct Instruction
(National Institute for Direct Instruction (NIFDI), 2008-12) Engelmann, Kurt; Stockard, Jean
The National Reading Panel recently concluded that pre-literacy and early literacy instruction is appropriate for kindergarten students and an important element of promoting higher achievement in later grades. This paper examines the relationship of receiving the Direct Instruction (DI) kindergarten curriculum, Reading Mastery, on students’ oral reading fluency in first and second grade. Data from several hundred students in two different schools are analyzed. Achievement was measured using the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Skills (DIBELS). Results indicate that the students who received Direct Instruction kindergarten had significantly higher achievement in early elementary school. These results replicate those found in other studies, providing consistent evidence of the effectiveness of Direct Instruction kindergarten instruction in promoting later academic achievement.
Open Access
Academic merit, status variables, and students' grades
(University of Georgia, 1985-09-01) Stockard, Jean; Dwight, Lang; Wood, J. Walter
Students' grades are important mechanisms for advancement and success in life. Grades are criteria for college admission and academic awards, and they undoubtedly influence the encouragement and advice students receive regarding their future plans. In using grades in these ways it is assumed that they reflect students' actual achievement. This paper examines this assumption by looking at the extent to which ability, social class, and gender, as well as achievement. influence students' grades in school. Earlier work is extended by including both gender and social class in the analysis and by examining influences on students' grades in each year from the 7th- to the 12th-grade and both the total grade average and marks in the subject areas of mathematics and English. The total grade averages were examined because they have most often been the focus of other studies. English and mathematics grades were examined because of the centrality of these disciplines to the school curriculum and because of the association of achievement in these areas with both gender and social class.
Open Access
Accident probabilities and seat belt usage: A psychological perspective
(Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1978) Slovic, Paul; Fischhoff, Baruch; Lichtenstein, Sarah
Motorists' reluctance to wear seat belts is examined in light of research showing (a) that protective behavior is influenced more by the probability of a hazard than by the magnitude of its consequences and (b) that people are not inclined to protect themselves voluntarily against very low probability threats. It is argued that the probability of death or injury on any single auto trip may be too low to incite a motorist's concern. Maintenance of a "single trip" perspective makes it unlikely that seat belts will be used. Change of perspective, towards consideration of the risks faced during a lifetime of driving, may increase the perceived probabilities of injury and death and, therefore, induce more people to wear seat belts.
Open Access
Active Community Environments and Health: The Relationship of Walkable and Safe Communities to Individual Health
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2006) Doyle, Scott; Kelly-Schwartz, Alexia; Schlossberg, Marc; Stockard, Jean
The literature suggests that individuals will be healthier if they live in Active Community Environments that promote exercise and activity. Two key elements of such environments are walkability and safety. Examining data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988–1994 and using a multilevel analysis, we found that individuals who live in counties that are more walkable and have lower crime rates tended to walk more and to have lower body mass indices (BMIs) than people in less walkable and more crime-prone areas, even after controlling for a variety of individual variables related to health. Among lifelong residents of an area, lesser walkability and more crime were also associated with respondents reporting weightrelated chronic illness and lower ratings of their own health. The effect of high crime rates was substantially stronger for women than for men, and taking this interaction into account eliminated gender differences in walking, BMI, weight-related chronic conditions, and self-reported poor health. The results suggest that to promote activity and health, planners should consider community walkability, crime prevention, and safety.
Open Access
Adaptive Expectations, Underparameterization and the Lucas Critique
(University of Oregon, Dept. of Economics, 2001-11-29) Evans, George W., 1949-; Ramey, Garey
A striking implication of the replacement of adaptive expectations by Rational Expectations was the "Lucas Critique," which showed that expectation parameters, and endogenous variable dynamics, depend on policy parameters. We consider this issue from the vantage point of a bounded rationality, where for transparency we model bounded rationality by means of simple adaptive expectations.We show that for a range of processes, monetary policy remains subject to the Lucas critique. However, there are also regimes in which the expectation parameter is locally invariant and the Lucas critique does not apply.
Open Access
Adaptive Learning and Monetary Policy Design
(University of Oregon, Dept. of Economics, 2002-11-08) Evans, George W., 1949-; Honkapohja, Seppo, 1951-
We review the recent work on interest rate setting, which emphasizes the desirability of designing policy to ensure stability under private agent learning. Appropriately designed expectations based rules can yield optimal rational expectations equilibria that are both determinate and stable under learning. Some simple instrument rules and approximate targeting rules also have these desirable properties. We take up various complications in implementing optimal policy, including the observability of key variables and the required knowledge of structural parameters. An additional issue that we take up concerns the implications of expectation shocks not arising from transitional learning effects.
Open Access
Adaptive Learning with a Unit Root: An Application to the Current Account
(University of Oregon, Dept of Economics, 2006-07-31) Davies, Ronald B.; Shea, Paul, 1977-
This paper develops a simple two-country, two-good model of international trade and borrowing that suppresses all previous sources of current account dynamics. Under rational expectations, international debt follows a random walk. Under adaptive learning however, international debt behaves like either a stationary or an explosive process. Whether debt converges or diverges depends on the model’s exact specification and the specific learning algorithm that agents employ. When debt diverges, a financial crisis eventually occurs to ensure that the model’s transversality condition holds. Such a financial crisis causes an abrupt decrease in the debtor country’s consumption and utility.
Open Access
Adaptive Learning, Endogenous Inattention, and Changes in Monetary Policy
(University of Oregon, Dept of Economics, 2006-06-22) Branch, William A.; Evans, George W., 1949-; Carlson, John; McGough, Bruce
This paper develops an adaptive learning formulation of an extension to the Ball, Mankiw and Reis (2005) sticky information model that incorporates endogenous inattention. We show that, following an exogenous increase in the policymaker’s preferences for price vs. output stability, the learning process can converge to a new equilibrium in which both output and price volatility are lower.
Open Access
Addressing Gender Equity in the Physical Sciences: Replications of a Workshop Designed to Change the Views of Department Chairs
(Begell House, 2011-02) Greene, Jessica; Lewis, Priscilla; Richmond, Geraldine; Stockard, Jean
This research note presents data on the replication of a carefully planned intervention to increase the commitment of department chairs in the physical sciences to the hiring and career advancement of women. Three separate workshops for department leaders in chemistry, physics, and material science were held. Participants’ views regarding factors that affect attracting women candidates, the hiring of women faculty, and barriers to women’s career progress changed significantly from before attending the workshop to after attending. When differences occurred between the disciplines, changes were most apparent for chemistry department chairs. Reasons presented for these differences included variations in the representation of women in the field and elements included in the chemistry workshop that involved greater public acknowledgment of needs for change.
Open Access
ADHD Symptomatology and Teachers’ Perceptions of Maltreatment Effects
(2005-11) Martin, C. Gamache; Cromer, Lisa D.; Filgas-Heck, Regan
Stimulant medication sales increased 500 percent between 1991 and 1999 (U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency, 2000). The American Academy of Pediatrics has called the increase in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis an epidemic (2000). Is ADHD over-diagnosed? Is it misdiagnosed? Weinstein et al. (2000) report that ADHD presentation in children resembles trauma symptoms. Further, maltreated children are often diagnosed with both ADHD and PTSD (McLeer et al., 1994; Famularo et al., 1996). Phenotypic similarity between ADHD and trauma symptomatology calls etiology into question. Because of teachers' important roles in children's lives, this study examines teachers' views about this dialectic. Teachers (N = 156) worldwide (85% U.S., 7.1% Canada, 3.2% Asia, 1.3% from Australia and 4.5% unidentified) completed an internet survey and described maltreatment effects on students. Responses were compared to ADHD diagnostic criteria. For neglect 74.1% of learning and 72.8% of behavioral effects identified were also ADHD symptoms. For abuse, 56.9% of learning and 55.4% of behavioral effects identified were also ADHD symptoms. Implications for neglected and abused children identified as having ADHD are discussed.
Open Access
Adolescence, Advertising, and the Ideology of Menstruation
(Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1999-06) Merskin, Debra
Since the 1920s, American advertisers have recognized the taboo associated with menstruation and have incorporated messages about the social consequences of "showing" into feminine hygiene advertising. In order to answer the research question "do advertisements that target girls perpetuate or dispel myths and taboos associated with menstruation?" a content analysis was conducted on ten years of feminine hygiene advertising in Seventeen and Teen magazines (1987-1997). Categories included an analysis of the setting and the themes used in the advertisements. The findings suggest that the ads do rely on headlines and themes that hearken to the past. However, unlike earlier studies that found the ads present menstruation as a "hygienic crisis," focusing on shame, physical discomfort, and fears, this study found something more encouraging-that the body copy of these ads is working to dispel these myths. Racial representation in ads, however, remains troublesome as black models are rarely shown unaccompanied by white models. These findings are important to researchers, advertising practitioners, and consumers as magazine advertising has become a key agent of socialization for adolescent girls.
Open Access
Adult trauma and adult symptoms: Does childhood trauma drive the relationship?
(2006-11) Klest, Bridget K. (Bridget Kristen); Allard, Carolyn B. (Carolyn Brigitte), 1968-; Freyd, Jennifer J.
We used structural modeling to examine observed relationships between childhood trauma, adult trauma, and adult dissociation and mental health. We propose a model in which childhood betrayal trauma predicts adult betrayal trauma and dissociation, and dissociation predicts mental health. Paths between adult betrayal trauma and dissociation, and adult betrayal trauma and mental health were set at zero. This model was tested using questionnaire data from 307 undergraduates. The model fit the data very well (comparative fit index = .98, chi-square(df = 8) = 21.99), and performed as well as other less parsimonious models. Alternative equivalent models and implications of these findings are discussed. The pattern of parameter estimates generated for this model suggests that childhood trauma drives the relationship between trauma and symptoms.
Open Access
Advertising in Schools
(2016-09-07) Foxman, Maxwell; Mateescu, Alexandra; Bulger, Monica
Restricted
The Affect Heuristic In Early Judgments of Product Innovations
(Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 2014) King, Jesse; Slovic, Paul
According to the affect heuristic, people often rely upon their overall affective impression of a target to form judgments of risk. However, innovation research has largely characterized risk perception as a function of what the consumer knows rather than how they feel. In three studies, this research investigates the use of the affect heuristic in consumer judgments of product innovations. The findings indicate that judgments of risks and benefits associated with product innovations are inversely related and affectively congruent with evaluations of those innovations. Additionally, more affectively extreme evaluations are associated with increasingly disparate judgments of risk and benefit. This research contributes to our theoretical understanding of both consumers’ evaluations of innovations and the affect heuristic. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

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