Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4 (Dec 1990)
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Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 218-221 : Animal alters: case reports(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Hendrickson, Kate M.; McCarty, Teresita; Goodwin, Jean, 1946-Five cases of multiple personality disorder (MPD) are presented which include one or more animal alters of differing complexity. In some cases, the development of the animal alter could be traced to childhood traumata involving (1) being forced to act or live like an animal, (2) witnessing animal mutilation, (3) being forced to engage in or witness bestiality, or (4) experiencing the traumatic loss of or killing of an animal. Clinical clues to the animal alter phenomenon that emerge during therapy are (1) over-identification with an animal, (2) hearing animal calls, (3) excessive fears of animals, (4) excessive involvement with a pet, and (5) cruelty to animals. Therapeutic work with animal alters may be a helpful or necessary preliminary to retrieval of underlying memories about the torture or killing of animals or human beings, and can be essential to the integration of such memories and to self-forgiveness.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 222-233 : Multiple personality, altered states and virtual reality: the world simulation process approach(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Tart, Charles T., 1937-A new technological model of consciousness is that of computer-generated virtual reality. By wearing goggles containing color TV sets and earphones, a computer can control a person's main sensory input, coordinating it with actual body movements tracked by sensors, giving the "traveler" a virtual body that can interact with virtual objects. More than one person can enter the same virtual reality and interact with other travelers there. Given psychological identification, a virtual reality can quickly become an almost total reality. Developing applications, such as those in architecture, are discussed. Contemporary neurology and psychology show that we already live in one or more internal virtual realities, generated by neurological and psychological processes. Stable patterns, stabilized systems of these internal virtual realities, constitute states of consciousness, our ordinary personality, and multiple personalities. Computer-generated virtual realities offer intriguing possibilities for developing diagnostic, inductive, psychotherapeutic and training techniques that can extend and supplement current ones.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 216-217 : Commentary: ICD-10 and beyond(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Coons, Philip M.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 214-215 : Dissociating Dissociation: a commentary on Dr. Garcia's article(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Spiegel, David, 1945-Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 209-213 : Comments on Dr. Garcia's article(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Young, Walter C.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 204-208 : The concept of dissociation and conversion in the new edition of the international classification of diseases (ICD-10)(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Orengo Garcia, FranciscoIn this article, the author discusses the changes in the new edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) related to dissociative and conversion disorders. He comments on the elimination of the concept of hysteria, the introduction of a new group of dissociative (neurotic) disorders and the creation of a new category of organic (dissociative) conversion disorders. The author discusses the differences and similarities of the current edition in regard to the previous (ICD-9) and the influence of the DSM-III-R on the ICD-10.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 177-178 : Factitious disorder (Munchausen type) involving allegations of ritual satanic abuse: a case report(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Coons, Philip M.; Grier, FinlayA 25-year-old woman was hospitalized after threatening suicide. She alleged that she had been the victim of ritual Satanic abuse. A careful evaluation including history-taking, clinical observation, request for collateral information, and psychological testing not only failed to corroborate her story, but pointed instead to a diagnosis of factitious disorder of the Munchausen type.Item Embargo Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 195-203 : The legal defense of persons with the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Savitz, David B.This paper is based on the experience of a trial attorney who spent more than six years representing a young man accused of killing his parents. After being diagnosed as suffering from multiple personality disorder (MPD), issues regarding that defendant 's sanity and competency were litigated extensively. What became painfully obvious during that experience is that the defense of MPD is in its infancy stages and that there are only a handful of appellate decisions which discuss the disorder in the context of criminal responsibility. The decisions, however, do not articulate a sophisticated understanding of the disorder and for the most part are very restrictive in their analyses. Issues of insanity were normally couched in terms of the mental state of the perpetrating alter as opposed to the accused 's mind as a whole. In one case, lip service was paid to an accused 's amnesia with respect to the issue of competency. No reported case found a defendant insane or incompetent. The author describes the various legal tests that may exist throughout the country with respect to these mental conditions. He suggests arguments to be made to convince a factfinder that the accused meets these tests and highlights counter-arguments that may be anticipated on behalf of the adversary. Finally, he outlines the types of evidence that should be amassed for the successful defense of one suffering from this controversial mental disorder.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 175-176 : Editorial(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Kluft, Richard P., 1943-Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 000 : Cover, table of contents(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12)Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 179-187 : Adolescent MPD in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Bowman, Elizabeth S.Although modern literature refers to cases of adolescent MPD only since 1956, six cases were reported between 1823 and 1926. This article summarizes the case reports of these patients and compares them to modern reports of MPD in adolescence. The early patients were older, were 50 % female, and had a maximum of three reported personalities. While some symptoms have remained constant over time, the symptom profiles of early and modern adolescent patients are somewhat different. Early patients frequently switched personalities upon awakening from sleep, had dramatic fainting spells, more complete mutual amnesias, more conversion symptoms, more prominent hazy trances, and less depression. Sexual abuse was reported in two cases but authors were very reticent to discuss it and did not recognize it as an etiologic factor. Even though early authors were neurologically focused, rarely explored psychodynamics, and offered mostly physical treatments, five of six patients had symptom remissions of greater than one year.Item Open Access Dissociation : Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 188-194 : Education domains and andragogical approaches in teaching psychotherapists about MPD(Ridgeview Institute and the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation, 1990-12) Kluft, Richard P., 1943-Didactic efforts in educating students and colleagues about multiple personality disorder (MPD) often begin with rather traditional attempts to convey a body of didactic knowledge, and assume that they prepare the student learner to begin his or her clinical work. In fact, although such approaches are traditional and reasonably effective, they are perforce limited. Educators divide the goals of education into three domains: cognitive, attitudinal, and instrumental. Also, adult learners tend to absorb material best when it is oriented toward problem-solving rather than the communication of information and abstract concepts. Therefore, teaching professional students and graduate therapists ideally should address the several domains and include a large portion of material presented with the several principles of adult learning born in mind. This presentation will begin with a review of approaches used to educate therapists about MPD, and then focus on techniques to bring about learning with regard to the condition and its treatment within an andragogical frame of reference.