Kraemer, Stephen M.
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Item Open Access SIMILAR FORM CHARACTERS AND THE TEACHING OF READING IN CHINESE(Seton Hall University, South Orange, N.J., 1975) Kraemer, Stephen M.Of the many tasks which face the student of Chinese, mastering the Chinese writing system is one of the most formidable. To learn to read Chinese, the student must accomplish several things. He must learn to recognize individual characters and to associate them with their proper Chinese sounds and native language equivalents; he must be able to distinguish one character from another; he must be able to identify words or combinations composed of two or more characters, where the meaning of the word or phrase may be different from that of the individual characters themselves; and finally he must be able to read groups of words, phrases sentences, and paragraphs, so as to comprehend the overall meaning of characters in context.Item Open Access Using Similar Form Characters as an Aid to Character Recognition in Chinese(1987) Kraemer, Stephen M.Since Chinese characters are composed of a relatively small number of basic strokes and components, and since these units are spatially arranged within characters in a limited number of ways, many Chinese characters are similar in their overall graphic form. These Similar Form Characters can cause confusion for students learning the Chinese written language. In order to help students better identify and recognize Chinese characters, a booklet was developed in which commonly occurring Similar Form Characters are presented and contrasted, so as to point out their areas of similarity as well as their distinctive features.Item Open Access Potentially Pedagogically Useful 'Phonetics' in the Chinese Script: Their Identification and Characterization(Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 1980-05) Kraemer, Stephen M.In this dissertation, the Phonetic elements of the Chinese script were examined ~or their potential usefulness in the teaching and learning of Chinese characters. A Potentially Pedagogically Useful (PPU) Phonetic was defined as a Phonetic which indicates some definite feature of pronunciation in all characters containing it as a common element. In this way, it can serve as a clue to the pronunciation of these characters, and thus can serve as a potential aid for students learning Chinese. With the above definition in mind, seven categories of PPU Phonetics were established based upon the description of the Chinese sound system given by J. DeFrancis in Beginning Chinese. Next, some 858 Phonetic Series of characters (as compiled by L. Wieger in Chinese Characters) were examined for the existence of PPU Phonetics. The result was the compilation of some 579 PPU Phonetics, comprising all seven categories, which were presented in Chapter III of the study. Areas for further research were discussed in the concluding section of the study, with the suggestion being made to possibly extend the study to include the identification of PPU Phonetics among the simplified characters used in the People's Republic of China.Item Open Access Phonological Patterns in All-Vowel Final Mandarin Character Phonetic Series: An Introduction(University of Oregon, 1991-05-31) Kraemer, Stephen M.The following paper will outline some underlying formulas for the pronunciation of Chinese characters in a select number of phonetic series in Mandarin.Item Open Access Looking for Synchronic, Phonemic Patterns in Modern Mandarin Character Phonetic Series: An Analysis of Selected Series from Karlgren's Easy Lessons in Chinese Writing(University of Oregon, 1990-03-12) Kraemer, Stephen M.Item Open Access An Introduction to Mandarin Chinese Grammar for ESL Professionals(University of Oregon, 2011) Kraemer, Stephen M.Item Open Access An Introduction to the Phonological Basis of Chinese Characters in Modern Mandarin(University of Oregon, 2009) Kraemer, Stephen M.Item Open Access Phonological Regularity of Written Phonetic Elements in Modern Mandarin(University of Oregon, 2011) Kraemer, Stephen M.In the Chinese writing system, characters that share a common written phonetic element are known as phonetic series. In Modern Mandarin, many phonetic series contain characters with similar pronunciations. However, there is a great deal of variation from series to series regarding the number of characters in a series and the degree of similarity of their pronunciation in Mandarin. By comparing the various pronunciations of Chinese characters in any given character phonetic series in Mandarin, and by looking at what portion or portions of a syllable may be shared by the various characters in the series, an estimate of the degree of phonological regularity of a given written phonetic element can be ascertained. In this way, we can begin to answer the question of just how “phonetic” the Chinese writing system is in Modern Mandarin.Item Open Access A Guide to the Chinese (Pinyin) Spelling System-How to Pronounce Chinese Names(University of Oregon, 2007) Kraemer, Stephen M.Item Open Access An Introduction to The Chinese Writing System for ESL Professionals(University of Oregon, 2014) Kraemer, Stephen M.With the current importance of China in the world, and the increasing number of Chinese students attending American universities and studying ESL in the United States, it is important for ESL professionals to have at least a basic understanding of the nature of the Chinese writing system. This presentation will include an introduction to the structure of Chinese characters, including the basic types of characters, such as pictographs, ideographs, and phonetic compounds. In addition, the presentation will cover how Chinese characters are put together to form words, phrases, and sentences. As a result of this presentation, ESL professionals should have a better understanding of the nature of Chinese characters and how they differ from phonemic or alphabet-based writing systems, such as English.Item Open Access Levels of Phonological Regularity in the Chinese Writing System(1991) Kraemer, Stephen M.The phonetic aspect of the Chinese written language is an area of Sinology that has been investigated by a number of scholars, both Chinese and Western. Most early researches have been concerned with (1) the historical development of phonetic compound characters and (2) the organization of these characters into series according to their common phon.etic elements. Chinese scholars such as Xu Shen and later Chinese philologists, as well as Western scholars such as Chalmers (1911), Soothill (1911), and Wieger (1927) have contributed substantially to our knowledge . of phonetic compounds and the role they play in the Chinese writing system. Bernhard Karlgren (1923) has made use of phonetic series in his reconstructions of Ancient and Archaic Chinese, and has made a number of statements regarding the phonological changes which phonetic compounds have undergone in various stages of the language.Item Open Access Sound Clues in Mandarin Character Phonetic Series(1991) Kraemer, Stephen M.This paper describes the clues to the pronunciation of Chinese characters in Mandarin inherent in many phonetic compound character series.