Ex Animo: Vol. 2, Issue 1
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Item Open Access Cancel Culture: An Unproductive Form of Blame(Ex Animo, 2022-06-02) Post, BoochieIn this paper I argue that Miranda Fricker’s account of blame in “What’s the Point of Blame? A Paradigm Based Explanation” can assist in explaining why cancel culture is ultimately unproductive. In particular, the phenomenon of cancel culture possesses pathological forms of blame. There are three specific pathologies outlined by Fricker that can be observed in cancel culture. They are as follows: cancel culture does not leave room for people to learn from their mistakes, it does not express its blame in the proper ethical register, and cancel culture allows for blame to fester and spread. In the first half of my paper, I will lay out the distinct aspects of Fricker’s paper that relate to cancel culture and a definition of the term cancel culture. In the second half, I will explore the real-life cancelation of actor Lea Michele so as to validate the presence of cancel culture in our society today. Furthermore, I will expand on three of Fricker’s pathologies that are present in cancel culture and refute a counter argument people may pose who are supportive of cancel culture.Item Open Access Cartesianism, Feminism, Coloniality: Rethinking Gender Formation from Astell to Lugones(Ex Animo, 2022-06-02) Laguisma, LuisaThis essay will examine both Mary Astell’s proposal for women’s education as a protofeminist project and Descartes’ meditations on rationalism and the mind-body duality to understand how Astell’s project functions as liberatory in her immanent approach to the Cartesian method. I argue that while Astell uses Descartes’ rationalist philosophy to justify the rational capacities of women, Descartes’ philosophy may in principle be used to justify the further subjugation of women and colonized peoples through the separation of mind and body. In addition, I will employ Maria Lugones’ “Coloniality of Gender” to further evaluate the historicity of the claims made by Astell and her use of Descartes. Through Lugones, I contend that the gender dichotomy, a colonial imposition, is essentialized by Astell through the logic of modernity. I, thereby, show the necessity of a decolonial analysis for undoing the presuppositions of a colonial logic with the purpose of abolishing the gender binaries imposed by coloniality.Item Open Access Femininity and the Alien Other in Under the Skin(Ex Animo, 2022-06-02) Hardister, MiaIn this paper, I attempt to analyze the 2014 film Under the Skin through its formal and generic elements and relate these to philosophical thought regarding objectivity and gender from theorists including Kant, de Beauvoir, and Irigaray, as well as media scholars Barbara Creed and Laura Mulvey. I argue that throughout the course of the film, by its presentation of horror, science-fiction, and film noir elements, as well as its cinematography, structure, sound, and mise-en-scène a commentary on the societal objectification of women is constructed, all stemming from its presentation of the female experience as something which is inherently alien.Item Open Access The Ecological Nietzsche: Considering the Environmental Implications of Friedrich Nietzsche’s Philosophy and the Possibility of Grounding der Ubermensch in the Indigenous Perspective(Ex Animo, 2022-06-02) Ycaza, Joseph D."In this essay, I will be exploring the viability of an ecological Nietzsche, or how Nietzsche’s philosophy may play out in practical contemporary environmental contexts, and whether his philosophy is compatible with any so-called environmental philosophy. Though there is a rich discourse around attempts to assimilate a Nietzschean perspective into environmental ethics, an attempt to restate it in its entirety would exceed practical limits. Therefore, only those themes that are most appropriate for the purposes of this essay will be included. I will then consider these implications and Nietzsche’s philosophy more broadly within the context of indigenous peoples who, I would argue have a “healthier” and more sustainable relationship to nature and their environments, and consider whether they embody a more appropriate point of departure for Nietzsche’s philosophical project than someone from a Western background."