School of Planning, Public Policy and Management Faculty Works
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The Department of Planning, Public Policy & Management is home to a diverse array of faculty research, participatory learning, and community assistance programs.
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Item Open Access Micromobility, Macro Goals: Aligning scooter parking policy with broader city objectives(Elsevier, 2021-12-03) Brown, AnneDockless electric scooters challenge cities seeking to regulate them amidst broader goals such as universal access. Cities are particularly concerned with improper scooter parking, which can impede access by other travelers. Despite an important role that scooter parking plays in both regulations and public discourse, no comprehensive view of current scooter parking regulations exists, nor is it clear how regulations align with broader city objectives. This research asks: how have U.S. cities regulated scooter parking to date and what issues do parking regulations aim to address? Data from 37 U.S. cities show that while areas of widespread agreement exist— nearly all (95%) cities allow scooters to park in the furniture zone—a wide range in scooter parking requirements exists. About three quarters of cities allow scooters to park at bike racks (78%) and against buildings (70%), while fewer than two-thirds allow scooters to park either on landscaping (62%) or against signs (60%). Even among cities with similar regulations, however, considerable nuance exists. Interviews with staff from six U.S. cities and existing research highlight motivations for scooter parking regulations. The regulations employed—and the high degree of variability across cities—yield implications for scooter parking policies, as well as scooters’ role in advancing broader city objectives. Scooter parking regulations play an important role in access, but cities should approach regulations as just one piece within a broader agenda of reclaiming streets for people and promoting mobility, sustainability, and access for all.Item Open Access Policy Interventions for Managing the Risk of Wildfire Smoke for Vulnerable Populations(2019-02) Clark, Benjamin; Ngo, NicoleIf recent years are any indication, the presence and risks of wildfire smoke will become more common in Lane County in future years, not less. The effects of climate change will continue to exacerbate the risk of these fires’ size and intensity. This memo sets out to outline the range of known policy interventions that might be taken by Lane County and other governments to protect vulnerable populations when wildfire and their smoke affect our area.Item Open Access How Slogans Curate Public Opinion: Hard Lessons from Lakoff and the Linguists(Public Integrity, 2018) Irvin, Renee A.Many a policy scholar has viewed election results with bewilderment: How can so many people persistently vote against their self-interest? In an attempt to at least partially address this conundrum, this article introduces persuasion techniques that can render good research and evidence largely irrelevant in the court of public opinion. By using U.S. debates about taxation and economic inequality as the linguistic setting of interest, the study illustrates the mechanics of curating public opinion at both ends of the political spectrum. Solutions to economic inequality are complex, yet public opinion can turn toward or away from a proposed policy reform when a few reductive key words distill complexity down to a convincing message: the micronarrative. Critically examining the broad narrative arc of the policy process is not enough; one must also examine the social construction occurring when word choice is used as persuasive weaponry in the selling of policy reform. The study finishes with a research agenda and a provocation for researchers regarding their role in policy reform. Should academicians remain behind the research curtain, or should they actively critique or even guide the narrative selling of their research?Item Open Access Crawford Crossing: A Park Concept Plan(Community Planning Workshop: A Program of the Community Service Center, http://csc.uoregon.edu, 2017-08) Bruce, Josh; Oldson, Greg; Stapleton, Ellee; Drlik-Muehleck, Aniko; Knox, MeganTurner, Oregon is growing. A new residential development will soon increase the city’s housing stock by about a third, presenting new opportunities for community and economic development in Turner. Among these opportunities is the chance to develop 40 acres around Crawford Lake into a beautiful lakeside park with access to fishing, boating, hiking, picnicking, and outdoor enjoyment. This document outlines a vision and concept for this new park, based on extensive input from Turner area residents both young and old. The City of Turner and interested community groups can use the park design concept and resources presented here as a guide for building out the park over the coming years. About the Concept Plan Crawford Lake, located in northern Turner, began its life as a quarry excavated by Riverbend Sand and Gravel. The quarry was retired in 2008 and has gradually filled with water to form what is now the 70- acre Crawford Lake. After almost a decade, the land around the lake is being developed, adding 203 new single family homes and 131 apartment units to the Turner residential community. The “Crawford Crossing” development offers more than the promise of residential growth: as part of the project, the City of Turner is receiving 40 acres of donated land on the southern end of Crawford Lake to develop as a public park. As Turner grows, the new Crawford Crossing Park will enhance residents’ quality of life by offering access to the lake’s recreational amenities and increasing the availability of natural areas and open spaces for public use.Item Open Access Analysis of the Textiles Sector and Market Potential in Lane County(Community Planning Workshop: A Program of the Community Service Center,csc.uoregon.edu/cpw, 2015-09) Meinert, Tess; Parker, RobertLane County Economic Development is reviewing the existing fiber and textile industry in the region to better understand the potential of the sector. This report presents research on the natural fiber and textile industry, the existing Lane County supply chain, and the attractiveness of this industry for further exploration and economic development. This report also includes information from interviews and research regarding the fiber and textile industry in Lane County, the State of Oregon, and across the nation. This report is not intended to be an exhaustive study of Lane County’s fiber and textile industry potential but an exploratory first look. Overview Interest in a more developed fiber and textiles economy is present and growing in Lane County. The county is home to many alpaca and sheep farmers, as well as several cut and sew contractors and a number of natural clothing brands. Fiber processing and textile manufacturing options are missing. Demand for locally produced textiles may not be substantial enough to warrant significant investment in manufacturing capabilities. However, a fiber processing mill could be successful in and of itself or as a component of a larger tourism and education system.Item Open Access Deschutes County Natural Hazards Code and Program Review(Community Planning Workshop: A Program of the Community Service Center,csc.uoregon.edu/cpw, 2015-06) Parker, Robert; Howard, Michael; Pfefferle, Drew; DeHart, Michael; Horan, Erin; Jackson, Maureen; Setterfield, BrettFloods and wildfires are two natural hazards that impact Deschutes County. The Deschutes County Development Code has several provisions that specifically aim to mitigate the effects of these hazards; reduce risk to property, environmental quality, and human safety; and improve recovery time. The code chapters with hazard-specific elements are Title 17: Subdivisions, Title 18: County Zoning, and Title 19: Bend Urban Growth Boundary Zoning Ordinance. This report includes analysis of the Deschutes County Development Code and the county’s comprehensive plan, how they are interpreted and applied to development, and the implications for natural hazard preparedness. Case studies and model ordinances providing examples of wildfire and flood best management practices are used to support the report’s recommendations.Item Open Access Definition and Management of Endowment(2010) Irvin, Renee A.Endowment, in the vernacular, can refer to any asset of substance that allows a person, organization or country to excel in their pursuits of business or leisure. For example, economists specializing in international trade describe a country as having an “endowment” of abundant land for agricultural crops. A man or woman can be described as “well-endowed”, but this implies a topic more risque than a generous trust fund or accumulated retirement savings. Nonprofit sector “endowment” is analogous to a savings account. Organizations may have endowments of other types of assets (a beautiful campus, historic facilities, etc.), but their financial endowment is our primary focus.Item Open Access Collaboration vs. Competition in the Third Sector(2008-12-24) Irvin, Renee A.This article delineates a framework for judging the usefulness of collaborative strategy in the nonprofit/nongovernmental sector. Popular among academicians as well as grant makers, collaboration among nonprofit organizations is often proposed as the dominant strategy for curing many of the sector's resource problems. However, competition is also prevalent in the nonprofit sector, as free entry encourages the nonprofit entrepreneur to form a new nonprofit to meet a perceived community need. Ignoring the influence of competitive forces while promoting preferred collaborative strategies can lead to recommendations for the third sector that are ambitious and wellintentioned, yet impractical. Primarily theoretical in scope, this article is intended to inform grant makers and those at the policy making level how to determine the best situations to encourage collaboration in the sector, and when, surprisingly, to favor single-organization grant making.Item Open Access Taxes, Government Expenditures, and State Economic Growth: The Role of Nonlinearities(University of Oregon, Dept of Economics, 2006-06) Bania, Neil; Gray, Jo AnnaBarro’s (1990) model of endogenous growth implies that economic growth will initially rise with an increase in taxes directed toward “productive” expenditures (e.g., education, highways, and streets), but will subsequently decline. Previous tests of the model, including Barro (1989, 1990) and recently Bleaney et al (2001), focus on whether the linear incremental effect of taxes is positive, negative, or zero, with substantial evidence for all three conclusions. In this study, we test for nonlinearity directly by incorporating nonlinear effects for taxes, and based on U.S. states find that the incremental effect of taxes directed toward productive government expenditures is initially positive, but eventually declines. U.S. states on average appear to under invest in expenditures on productive government activities.Item Open Access Childbearing, marriage and human capital investment(University of Oregon, Dept of Economics, 2006-02) Gray, Jo Anna; Stone, Joe A.; Stockard, JeanThis paper proposes and tests a simple joint explanation for i) increases in marital and nonmarital birth rates in the United States over recent decades, ii) the dramatic rise in the share of nonmarital births, and iii) the pronounced racial differences in the timing of childbearing. The explanation arises from differences across time and race in the attractiveness of marriage and opportunities for investment in human capital. For given preferences, a decline in the marriage rate necessarily causes both the marital and nonmarital birth rates to increase, with no change in the total birth rate. This model exhibits exceptional power in replicating salient features of childbearing behavior. Our results suggest that changes in marital and nonmarital birth rates, as well as in the share of nonmarital births, arose primarily from changes in marriage behavior, not from changes in fertility; and that racial differences in the timing of childbearing reflect early differences in human capital investment.Item Open Access Delineating "Public" and "Participation" in PPGIS(Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, 2005) Schlossberg, Marc; Shuford, ElliotPPGIS is often presented and promoted as a more people-centered GIS compared to a more traditional technocratic,expert-driven tool or methodology. Yet, the umbrella of PPGIS is quite broad. Within such a broad context, it may be helpful for practitioners and scholars of PPGIS to better understand exactly what PPGIS is.Item Open Access The Rising Share of Nonmarital Births: Fertility Choices or Marriage Behavior?(University of Oregon, Dept of Economics, 2004-11-01) Gray, Jo Anna; Stockard, Jean; Stone, Joe A.Much of the sharp rise in the share of nonmarital births in the United States has been attributed to changes in the fertility choices of unmarried and married women - in response, it is often argued, to various public policies. In contrast, we develop and test a model that attributes the rise to changes in marriage behavior, with no changes in fertility. A variety of empirical tests strongly supports this conclusion and invites focused attention to issues related to marriage behavior, as well as the interactions between marriage and fertility.Item Open Access Montenegro sustainable tourism assessment(Institute for Strategic Studies and Prognoses & Center for Entrepreneurship and Economic Development, 2004-10) Ringer, GregThis report briefly outlines the concerns and recommendations of a rapid assessment project undertaken in April 2004, with the support of the Montenegro Business Alliance and the U.S. Consulate in Podgorica. While admittedly limited in scope, due to both time and financial constraints, the ideas presented are intended to reflect the current and potential status of tourism development and marketing in Montenegro.Item Open Access A tale of two shares: The relationship between the “illegitimacy” ratio and the marriage share(University of Oregon, Dept of Economics, 2004-06-11) Gray, Jo Anna; Stockard, Jean; Stone, Joe A.We develop a model of fertility and marriage that implies a magnified effect of marriage rates on the share of births to unmarried women. For U.S. data, plots and regression estimates support the prediction that the share of unmarried births is driven primarily by the square of the share of unmarried women. Our findings suggest that some of the emphasis on changes in fertility behavior in explaining the rising share of births to unmarried women might be productively redirected toward exploring the role and determinants of changes in marriage behavior. Moreover, previous studies of fertility behavior, to the extent that marital status is taken as given, may confound fertility and marriage behavior.Item Open Access The Oregon Guide to Private Fund Raising for Local Governments(2004-06) Irvin, Renee A.; Carr, Patrick Joseph, 1978-Nonprofit organizations thrive on the altruism of citizens, and actively court donors for major gifts. Yet individual gifts to government agencies are often unexpected, sporadic, and initiated by the donor. This article introduces the phenomenon of private giving to local governments and tests hypotheses regarding the expected forms of giving to public agencies. Results indicate that philanthropy is and will likely remain a minor and highly variable source of revenue, making it an ill‐suited replacement for broad‐based tax revenue. However, deliberate government efforts to provide a suitable environment for private donations appear to succeed in attracting more gifts per capita.Item Open Access Geographies of tourism and place in Micronesia: the 'sleeping lady' awakes(University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji, 2004-04) Ringer, GregTourism has grown to become the dominant service industry in the world in the 21st Century and a common prescription for funding sustainable community development throughout the East Asia-Pacific region. Certainly, there can be no denial of tourism’s potential to provide meaningful economic alternatives for indigenous residents. However, the marketing of rural communities and island nations as tourist attractions may also transfigure the dynamic historically and socially-constructed landscapes of the destination through the reformation of local identities and cultural patterns of behaviour. To encourage a proactive approach to tourism, planning must therefore be sensitive to the social morphology of the destination community and the intersect with tourist activities. To encourage such a process, this paper adopts a geographic perspective to examine the qualitative effects of ecotourism on the Micronesian island of Kosrae as it moves from a subsistence-based, conservative, patriarchal society to a tourism destination in the global economy. In this manner, the cognitive perceptions and practised lifestyles of residents and visitors and the recreational space of the destination are distinguished from the inhabited place of local people, and the social structure, meaning, and cohesion of Kosraean culture more meaningfully clarified.Item Metadata only Delineating 'Public' and 'Participation' in PPGIS(2003-07) Schlossberg, Marc; Shuford, ElliotPPGIS is often presented as a people-centered alternative to the use of GIS compared to a more technocratic,expert-driven methodology. Yet, the umbrella of PPGIS is quite broad. Within such a broad context, it may be helpful for ractitioners of PPGIS and those who may be interested in PPGIS concepts to have a better understanding of exactly what PPGIS is. Or, in other words, having a clearer conception of what ‘public’and ‘participation’ is, and how they relate to expected outcomes and outputs within a GIS context is very important as the ideas and ideals of PPGIS continue to gain momentum. Understanding the variations in the types of ‘public’, cross-referencing them against the distinctions in ‘participation’, and linking the intersection of types of ‘public’ and ‘participation’ to expected GIS outcomes and outputs would greatly enrich the field. Moreover, such delineation would allow PPGIS practitioners and those considering PPGIS approaches to appreciate the linkages of certain types of participation processes, certain elements of the public, and certain types of expected project results. This paper offers a review of key literature relevant to public participation and presents potential integrated matrices to guide future PPGIS thought.Item Open Access The economic and community effects of Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board investments in watershed restoration(Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon, 2002-07-15) Bonner, Kristin; Hibbard, MichaelCooperative, community-level approaches to environmental management are emerging in a variety of contexts, in Oregon and elsewhere. The rise of these approaches has led to a new appreciation of the possibility of watershed restoration projects that also foster good jobs and strong local businesses. With millions of dollars to spend on its mission, the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB) plays a significant role in supporting local economies through grants to watershed councils, Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCDs), and other local restoration activities. The aim of this study is to document the level of that support. The specific question addressed by the study is: Did OWEB's 1997-99 grants improve socio-economic conditions in local communities in Oregon? To answer this question, the Ecosystem Workforce Program reviewed a sample of 1997-99 OWEB grants and also conducted telephone interviews with selected grantees. The purpose of the interviews was to help us understand the patterns of expenditure we found while reviewing the files. In conclusion, this study finds that OWEB grants and program expenditures improve or maintain economic stability in Oregon communities.Item Open Access Issues in monitoring the socio-economic effects of the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board grant program(Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon, 2002) Bonner, Kristin; Hibbard, MichaelThis report examines some of the issues involved in setting up a system for monitoring the socio-economic effects of Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (O-WEB) grants on an on-going basis. We conducted telephone interviews with 20 individuals from watershed councils, Soil and Water Conservation Districts and state agencies, to learn their attitudes toward monitoring the socio-economic impacts of their projects as well as to gain an understanding of any potential barriers to monitoring. The majority of respondents recognize the socio-economic impact of watershed enhancement projects and are willing to implement a clearly defined and simple monitoring system to measure these impacts. However, many stated the need for a clear definition of “local,” both geographically and in terms of business ownership. This is a complex issue that needs to be fully explored before implementing any system. In addition, there was some reluctance on the part of some respondents to monitor these impacts because of the heavy administrative burden. A couple of respondents thought that evaluative questions in the final report could be as effective as tracking individual expenditures.Item Open Access Gorilla tourism: Uganda uses tourism to recover from decades of violent conflict(Environmental Studies Association of Canada, 2002) Ringer, GregOnly a few years after the murder of eight foreign tourists in 1999, kidnaped while on an Abercrombie & Kent tour of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in southwest Uganda, the country is finally, albeit slowly and rather tenuously, experiencing a rebound in international travelers. Where only recently, “adventure tourism” referred to the possibility of abduction and death for foreign tourists, the term once again suggests the possibilities offered by a country whose national parks and protected areas remain among the world’s most significant, culturally and ecologically. Like much of sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda has endured decades of ethnic violence, institutional mismanagement and international neglect, poverty, and disease. Yet, recent increases in disposable income and leisure time, improved political stability and openness, and aggressive tourism campaigns have fueled the boom in tourism both locally and intra-regionally. As a result, tourism – and more specifically, culture- and nature-based ecotourism – is now one of the most important sectors in the regional economy, and governments throughout East Africa are busy (re)positioning themselves as international destinations. Certainly, not every country or community in Africa will succeed as an attraction, and those that do may discover the economic benefits less consequential than the social costs, as governments become more intrusive and traditional practices are rendered inauthentic for tourists’ consumption. Nonetheless, ecotourism may play a critical and formative role in reuniting countries and a continent long fragmented by genocide and politics.